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plantation t:pics.
Pruning Trees—The True System.
If you want a beautiful, substantial
looking tree, for a southern orchard,
top the first years’ growth two feet from
the ground just before the stems begin
to push. Then lot three buds, equally
distributed around the stem, grow uiie
foot w ithout branching by pushing the
young buds from the axil of the leaves
with the finger. Above that length
let the tree branch as it will. Next
year the pruning should consist in cut
ting off all the branches hut the afore
said foot, then train-«as before; three
limbs to each of the three making
nine limbs one foot long, and
so on continuing another year and you
will have a tree pleasant tor the eye to
look upon.
Composts for Cotton Lands.
The Southern Cultivator recom
mends the following: Make_two dif
ferent composts—one of cotton seed
and ashes, 1 bushel seed to 4 of ashes
for good land, and 8 of seed to 4 of
ashes for very poor land—the other of
stable manure, cotton seed and acid
phosphate. No fixed rule can govern
proportions in the lattereithcr, because
the poorer the land the greater the
quantity of nitrogen it will bear—in
other words, the larger the quantities
of stable manure and cotton seed in
proportion to phosphate it may receive.
For the better grades of land, 5 bush
els cotton seed and 2 of stable manure
to every 100 pounds of acid phosphate
(containing 10 percent, soluble phos
phoric acid) is about the proper pro
portion. For very poor land, 25
bushels seed and 20 of manure to 100
pounds of phosphate, and intermedi
ate quantities for intermediate trades
of land.
About Bees.
-A lady in Providence relates the fol
lowing story. Her father once brought
home a molasses hogshead, to be used
as a water-tank. On washing day her
mother said, “Let’s throw the suds
into it, to soak the molasses from the
bottom.” The instant she had done
so she exclaimed, “Oh! I have
drowned hundreds of our neighbors’
bees.” The hogshead was black with
bees that were busily appropriating the
sweets from what they must have con
sidered an enormous blossom. The
good lady made haste with her skim
mer to skim the bees from the top of
the.water, and spread them on a board
in the sunshine; but they seemed
drowned and nearly dead, and she was
very sorry. All the bees that were
around the hogshead had flown away at
the dash of water, but in a few minutes
they returned, accompanied by scores
of others. They began a curious work.
They immediately went to work upon
the unfortunate bees, turning them
over and working upon them constant
ly with their heads, feet and antenna;.
The result of their busy labor was,
that one after another gave signs of
life, stretched its limbs and wings,
crawled about and dried itself in the
sun, and flew away. The lady said
that there was half a pint at first, and
that there remained only about a doz
en hopeless cases beyond the humane
efforts of their brothers.
Big CuttOu CiuilK.
We have so frequently heard of
enormous crops of cotton Wing made
upon single pet acres, that we have
wondered why our successful experi
mentalists did not “widen out” a little
and tell us how to make immensely
.paying crops on larger areas. Cotton
is a gay deceiver, take it as you will.
It is more like a bad debtor than any
plant that grows. It always “promise’s
to pay,” and just as often violates its
promises.
Last November we had a letter
from a friend on Red river, assurin'?
us he would make one hundred bales
on ninety acres of land, and his net
earnings of that crop would be three
thousand dollars; and he would report
the result to us in January, etc. We
have heard nothing from our friend
since, but a complaint at the low.price
of cotton.
Another friend wrote us about the
same time from Arkansas, wild with
excitement over the anticipated for
tune he would realize out
“ Yes,” said he, “if I on
cents per pound I’ll net fiv<
dollars.” The last we hear
friend he was writing to
South Carolina, proffering
cent, per month for money.
Southern farmers will n
er the cause of their pover
resolve to make their fai
tabling; they can then t
philosophic view of the w
and readily discern why it
“no money in cotton.” Tjj
comes too seldom, the lai
constant, the expenses arc^
and the crop is too much .
of speculation, to make e vl
ing profitable, unless it opy
almost as the crop of an a.!
net earnings or net losses c,Yi
readily seen, and accounted
We would like to rea.'J,
of the acre of ground from 1
following reported crop \
We question whether Mr.
premium will pay for the
quired in the previous •^repane
The Columbia Register says:
Our readers will remember accounts
we gave last September and ‘October
of the extraordinary crop of co:
grown by Mr. J. M. Crawford,
city. The crop, in due tinje,
gathered, ginned and packed
secured the premium ot
by Mr. Cheatham for
from one acre planted
The number of pounds
four thousand eight hun
two, being four hundn
pounds more than an
competitors made from
Mr. Crawford reports
gross result of his labor
Amount received lor cotton....J
Amount received for cotton
Premium of Cheatham
Premium of the State Agricul
and Mechanical Society
Total
It pays to raise such cro
and win premiums with
seed from it.—Rural Caroli
—
The Home of Washidn
It is understood that the 1
Washington at Mount Ver.ioi _
put in thorough repair before the
val of visitors to the Centennial, aft
plans drawn by Mr. Van Campen
Taylor, the architect, of New York.
Mr. Taylor visited the homestead re
cently, and is now engaged in drawing
plans of the entire building, so that in
case of its destruction by fire, it may
be rebuilt exactly as it now stands.
Emigration Statistics.
The commissioners of emigration
ha re transmitted to the New York leg
islature their twenty-ninth annual re
port for the year ending Dec. 31,1875.
In part it is as follows:
As anticipated in the last report,
the past year has been marked through
out by the greatly lessened number of
jemigrants arriving at this port,
other portions of the
Fortunately the gen-
coudition and health
were such as to lessen
licli otherwise would
very limited means
, The entire num-
who arrived from
at this port during
f,045, of whom 84,560
50,485 were citizens
had before landed at
/New York. To show more
fe decline of immigration
past, few years, the follow-
t forth, which embraces
of alien arrivals at that
the country. Prof. Denton laid great
stress on the fact that the Indians pos
sessed no tradition as to who the mound
builders were, or when the mouu*
were constructed; and yet it is still
more singular that they possess no tra
ditions about these multitudinous Az
tecs that once swarmed over the Mis
sissippi valley, and who must have dis
appeared only about four hundred
years ago. This is the more remark
able in view of the fact that the mound
builders were permanent inhabitants,
and had hundreds of cities, towns and
villages, which must have been settled
and occupied for a thousand years or
more.
years:
|k AT).
Yen r.
AT).
1223,418
1871
229.039
242,730
1872
294,581
213,080
1873
206,818
258,080
1874
140,041
84,560
212,170
1875
following table shows the na-
of the whole number of aliens
e arrived during the years
1874 and 1875:
1874.
1875.
25,559
19,92-1
10,793
3,070
2,575
3,123
.. 5,321
4,970
3,303
2,002
2,870
1,854
1,439
894
204
819
147
146
190
174
102
183
144
39
7
17
4
3
8-1
64
43
26
27
15
77
42
20
1
27
19
64
13
13
28
24
21
28
19
19
36
140,011
84,560
Along the entire east side of the house
runs a high piazza facing the river.
The length of this is ninety-four feet,
and the width fourteen. The balus
trade above the piazza is somewhat rot
ten, and requires to be rebuilt, and the
same kind of wood will be employed
in the reconstruction as was originally
used. At the south end of the house,
| and opening from Washington’s libra
ry, there is a portico about ten by six
teen feet in size. This was erected
about 1760, when Washington added
two wings to the original house of
Lawrence Washington. This, too, is
to be rebuilt, and the necessary re
pairs will lie made early in the coming
spring. On the piazza stand the pil
lar aud the bell with which Washing
ton used to summon his hoi so, which,
was kept saddled and bridled, in read
iness for his call.
Moody says: “ I like to go all
round a text to see what’s after and be
fore ; then I often find it is like a little
diamond set in pearls.” j
liens 37,527 were male
^905 female adults, and 18,-
’Tdren under 12 years of age of
iot'h sexes. At tire landingdepot 90,-
903 steerage or third-class passengers
were landed during the year 1875.
They reported their intended destina
tion as follows: 48,261 to the middle
states, 8,475 to the eastern states, 36,-
871 to the western states, 1,877 to the
southern states, and 2,486 to the ter
ritories. The dominion of Canada
was the destination of 1,851, British
Columbia of 19, Australia of 11, West
Indies of 28, Mexico of 13, and South
America of 10.
The Esquimaux.
The Esquimauz are not an interest
ing people. Spread over nearly the
whole of the northern coasts of Ameri
ca, they differ in form, manners ami
customs from any other race on the
continent. They resemble more some
of the natives of the north of Europe
than the American Indians. In stature
they are below Europeans generally.
Those to the north west of Hudson bav
are of a larger size than those of Lab
rador, T>ut all are dwarfish. But al
though they are diminutive, they are
well formed and hardy. Their com
plexions are clear, and the skin
smooth. It has been remarked that
“ in this respect there are more shades
of dirt than any other difference.”
Their hair is black and straight; the
men wear theirs loose, but the women,
who take pride in it, separate it in two
portions, so that one part hangs over
each shoulder. Some of the men wear
the beard on the upper lip and chin,
and cut the hair on the crown, like the
tonsure of a monk. Many of the fe
males and children have pleasing coun
tenances, even after the strictness of
the European standard. The old.
however, are often exceedingly ugly.
Wars are unknown among the Es
quimaux, though the Indians some
times pursue them with ferocious vin
dictiveness. Fighting is not their
trade; they are fishermen, and not
warriors. And yet the fact that tliev
are not cowards is well established, for
they will sometimes attack a polar bear
single-handed; indeed, t ey frequent
ly court danger that ordinary discre
tion would warn them against. In
quest offish or game they will fearless
ly trust themselves on floating pieces
of ice where a European would not
dare to set his foot.
The Mound Builders.
Prof. Denton, in a lecture on the
mound builders of America, said:
“ The mound builders wore Mexicans,
who were sent from Mexico to work
the copper mines of Lake Superior;
the marks of their work are visible in
all these mines; this copper by prodi
gious labor was dug out and carried to
Mexico; and this is proved by the fact
that the popper implements found in
the mounds, and the multitudinous ar
ticles of copper found in Mexico by the
Sharks in Fresh Water.
A noticeable instance of the power
of adaptation possessed by animals is
shown in the case of some sharks and
sawfish which inhabit a fresh-water
lake in Manila. This is the Laguna
de Baij, a sheet of water some ninety
miles in circumference, now quite fresh
and receiving several small rivers.
But a bank of fossil oysters some twen
ty miles from the outlet proves that
the water was once salt, and it is prob
able that the lagoon was once connect
ed with the bay of Maivja, from which
it is now separated by only a few miles
of low land. Here, says Mr. W. W
Wood, m a letter to “Nature,” exists
a “ species of small shark and num
bers of sawfish (Prist is) in the per
fectly fresh water of the lake. Tkev
arc seldom or never met with in the
river, but there is a fishery in the la
goon m which numbers of the latter
are taken. The flesh is eaten, the liv
ers give a good deal of oil, and the
snouts of the larger specimens make
very formidable weapons, which the
natives use and which are at tim fi «
sent down to Manila as curiositf
f
found in Mexico by the These sawfish, now vhg in eX v
Spaniards, was Superior copper, which fresh water have f..i P i *•
is found mixed with silver, and no gradually accustomed tt tl >l ^ econie
other copper of the same kind is fou,d j f. has thc ‘ case h*, “j*
elsewhere. After Cortes conquered 1 species of crustaeen Vi; ? \
Mexmo, these mound builders began ! &>f. Loven in life fresh-watlr lakes^t*
to disappear; the mines wereabandou- 1 Sweden ” Other J d ,
ed, and the Indians took - possession of ijvin/ta