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CO-NfcS'i'i'TUTIUJSfALIST.
AUGUSTA, GFA.
THURSDAY MORNING. JUNE 16, 1870
ALEXANDER H. STEPHENS ON THE
TREATMENT OF PRISONERS OF
WAR.
We are permitted to present to our read
ers the following views of Mr. Stephens
ou the subject of the treatment of prisoners,
on both sides, during the late war. We
copy from the proof sheets of the second
volume of his work, which is now being
issued from the press:
Mr. Stephens—This whole subject of the
treatment of prisoners, which has become
so prominent a feature in considering the
conduct of the war on both sides, from the
turn which has been given to it, I may as
well dispose of here, at once and finally.
This I do by stating broadly that the
charge of cruelty and inhumanity towards
prisoners, which has been so extensively
made at the North, against Mr. Davis and
the Confederate authorities, is utterly with
out foundation in fact. Prom the com
mencement and throughout the war, the
whole course of Mr. Davis towards prison
ers shows conclusively the perfect reck
lessness of the charge, llis position on this
subject, in the beginning, clearly appears
from what we have seen, and that fully
sustains this statement. The efforts which
have been so industriously made to fix the
odium of cruelty and barbarity upon him,
and other high officials tinder the Confede
rate Government, in the matter of prisoners,
in the face of all the facts, constitnte one
of the boldest and baldest attempted out-
rages upon the truth of history, which has
ever been essayed ; not less so than the infa
mousattempt tolls upon him.andotherhigh
officials on the Confederate side the guilt
of Mr. Lincoln’s assassination ! Whatever
unnecessary privations and sufferings pris
oners on both sides were subjected to, the
responsibility of the whole rested not upon
Mr. Davis or the Confederate authorities.
It is not my purpose to go into a full his
tory of the subject. This would take more
time than i< at all necessary. A few lead
ing facts will settle the matter.
het it be borne in mind, then, that the
Confederates were ever anxious for a speedy
exchange, and that after the interruption
of the exchange under the cartel first
agreed upon, as before stated, another ar
rangement was entered into by the Fede
ral, under pressure of public sentiment at
the North, when the excess was against
them. This was, afterwards, likewise
broken. It was broken, not by the Con
federates, but by the Federals upon some
pretext or other. Throughout the strug
gle, Mr. Davis’conduct and bearing upon
this point, not only challenges the severest
scrutiny of the fair minded of this day,
but will command the admiration of the
just and generous for all time to come. In
addition to what has been shown hereto
fore, what higher evidence on this point
could be desired than that furnished by his
congratulatory address to the army of
Gen. Lee, for the successes achieved in the
battles around Richmond, when McClellan,
with liis newly organized hosts of at least
one hundred and twenty thousand men,
made the second unsuccessful attempt to
take the Confederate Capital in 1802, and
when over ten thousand, Federal prisoners
had fallen into their hands ? In this hour
of triumph, mark the significant, as we'l
as magnanimous, and even chivalrous lan
guage, which came spontaneously from his
heart ou that occasion:
“ Yon are fighting for all l/uit is dearest to
'men ; and though opposed to a foe who dis
regards many of the, usages of civilized war ,
your humanity to the wounded and to the
prisoners was the fit and crowning glory to
your valor.”
Prof. Norton —Yes, but how did he act
towards the same prisoners afterwards’l'
What did *lie do to relieve the horrors
they suffered in Libby and on Belle
Island, almost in the range of his sight., to
• say nothing of the sufferings of those at
Salisbury and Andersouville, of which he
must have been apprised V Why was his
humanity and magnanimity so deaf to the
appeals and dying wails of these men,
which went up from those places, so near
his own doors, and almost within his hear
ing?
Mr. Stephens— The horrors of Libby and
Belle Island, as well as of Salisbury and
Andersonville, so pathetically set forth by
many, and great as they really were, were
not his fault, or in any waj' justly charge
able upon him.
Prof. Norton —Whose fault was it? Was
he not at the head of the Government ?
Did he not know of these sufferings, and
who but himself could be justly responsi
ble for them?
Mr. Stephens —lt was the fault of the
Federal authorities in not agreeing to, and
carrying out an immediate exchange,
which Mr. Davis was, at all times, anxious
to do. The men at the head of affairs at
Washington were solely responsible for all
these sufferings. Upon these officials, and
upon them only, can these sufferings be
justly charged! Neither Libby, nor Belle
Island, nor Salisbury, nor Andersonville
would have had a groaDing prisoner of
war, but for the refusal of the Federal au
thorities to comply with the earnest desire
of the Richmond Government, for an imme
diate exchange, upon the most liberal and
humane principles. Had Mr. Davis’ re
peated offers been accepted, no prisoner on
either side would have been retained in
confinement a day. This all the facts
clearly show. All the sufferings and less
of life, therefore, during the entire war,
growing out of these imprisonments on
both sides, aud they were great on both
sides (it is not my wish to understate or un
derrate them on either), are justly charge
able to but oueside, and that is the Federal
side.
Prof. Norton —But if the Federal au
thorities did refuse to carry out an ex
change of prisoners, for any* cause what
ever, this certainly did not justify the Con
federates in adopting a regular systematic
policy of starving the unfortunate men
taken by them in arms, and of withhold
tug proper medical remedies and attention
from the wounded anti sick, nor mitigate,
in the least, the savage cruelties which
were perpetrated upon them by such men
as Wirz ?
Mr. Stephens— lt certainly did not, or
would not have justified such policy or acts.
But it is not true that there was any such
thing as the systematic policy, you speak
of, either in starving the well, or with
holding medical remedies and attention
from the sick and wounded. The policy or
the Confederates in these particulars was
established by law. By an act of Congress,
passed soon afler the war was inaugurated,
as I have shown, it was provided that pris
oners of war should have the same rations
in quantity and quality as Confederate sol
diers in the field. By an act afterwards pass
ed all hospitals for sick and wounded prison
ers were put upon the same footing with
hospitals for sick and wounded Confederates.
This policy was never changed. There
was no discrimination in either particular
between Federal prisoners and Confederate
soldiers Whatever food or fare the Con
federate soldiers had, whether good or bad,
full or short, the Federal prisoners shared
equally with them. Whatever medical at
tention the sick and wounded Confederate
soldiers had, the Federal prisoners in like
condition also received. When the supply
of the usual standard was ex
hausted and could not be replenished in
consequence of the action of the Federal
Government in holding them to be contra
band of war, and in preventing their intro
daction by blockade and severe penalties—
when resort, was had to the virtue of the
healing herbs of the country as substitutes
for more efficient remedial agents, the suf
fering Federals shared these equally with
like suffering Confederates! Did the re
quirements of perfect justice and right go
beyond this?. Could humanity ask more?
As for particular instances of cruelty on
the part of subordinates who may have
been uutrue to their trusts, that is a very
different matter. There were unquestion
ably very great wrongs of this sort on both
sides. Wirz, to whom you have alluded,
may have committed some of these. How
this was I really do not, know. He, by the
by, was not one of our people. He was a
European by birth, who obtained position
in our service through letters of recom
mendation, which warranted confidence in
his intelligence and good character. I
know nothing to his discredit in either of
these respects, except the allegations you
refer to. Whether they were true or false,
as I have said, Ido not know. It is due to
his memory, however, to recollect that his
own dying declarations were against the
truth of these accusations. This, moreover,
I can, and do venture to say, that acts of
much greater cruelty and barbarity than
any which were proven against him, could
have lieeu easily established, and wonld
have been established on his trial against
numerous subordinates on the Federal side
if the tendered proof had not been rejected
L have been informed by returned Confed
erate prisoners of unquestionable truth and
veracity from Camp Douglas, Rock Island,
Elmira, and Point Lookout, of numerous
instances which came under their Immedi
ate observation of much greater atrocitv
than anything alleged against Wirz.—
These acts, many of which wereofthe most*
iuhumane and barbarous character, were
perpetrated by FederaTsubordinates having
control of Confederate prisoners at these
points. There may have been, therefore,
and I do not question but that there were,
great wrongs of this sorl on the part of
Confederate subordinates, as there certainly
were ou the part of the Federals. But
what I maintain is, that such conduct
never met the approval of the Confederate
an thorites. They never in a single instance
sanctioned , much less ordered well demean
ing and unoffending prisoners of war to be
confined in unwholesome dungeons, and to
be manacled with cuffs and irons as was
repeatedly done by orders from the authori
ties at Washington in utter violation of
the well established usages of modern
civilized warfare! But apart, from this
marked difference between the two Govern
ments in their highest official character in
sanctioning and ordering acts of wanton
cruelty, I insist upon the irrepntable fact
that but for the refusal of the Federals to
carry out au exchange, none of the wrongs
or outrages you speak of, and none of the
sufferings incident to prison life on either
side could have occurred.
Prof. Norton —ls there was no such syste
matic purpose to torture and literally to
kill Federal prisoners, why were thirty
thousand of them huddled together at
Andersonville, in the sickly region of
Southwestern Georgia, where, from the
malarious influences prevailing under a
burning sun, so many of them died, as
must, have been necessarily expected ?
Mr Stephens— Large numbers of them
were taken to Southwestern Georgia in
1884, because it was a section most remote
and secure from the iuvading Federal
armies, and because, too, it was a country
of all others, than within the Confederate
limits, not thus threatened with an inva
sion, most abundant with food, and all re
sources at command for the health and com
fort of prisoners. They were put in ore
stockade for the want of me a to guard
more than one. The section of country,
moreover, was not regarded as more un
healthy, or more subject to malarious in
fluences, than any in the central part of the
State. The official order for the erection
of the stockade enjoined that it should be
in “ a healthy locality, plenty of pure
water, a running stream, and, if' possible,
shade trees, and in the immediate neigh
borhood of grist and saw mills." The very
selection of the locality, so far from being
as you suppose, made with cruel designs
against the prisoners, was governed by the
most humane considerations.
Your question might, with much more
no'nt, be retorted by asking, why were
Southern prisoners taken in the dead of
Winter with their thin clothing to Camp
Douglas, Rock Island, and Johnson’s Is
land—icy regions of the North—where it
is a notorious fact that many of them actu
ally froze to death?
As far as mortuary returns afford evi
dence of the general treatment of prisoner
on both sides, the figures show nothing to
the disadvantage of the Confederates, not
withstanding their limited supplies of all
kinds, and notwithstanding all that has
been said of the horrible sacrifice of life at
Andersonville.
It now appears that a larger number of
Confederates died in Northern, than of
Federals in Southern prisons, or stockades.
The Report of Mr. Stanton, as Secretary
of War, on the 19th of -Lily, 1868, exhibits
the. fact that, of the Federal prisoners in
Confederate hands during the war, only
22,576 died; while of the Confederate
prisoners in Federal hands, 26,436 died.—
This Report does not set forth the exact
number of prisoners held by each side re
spectively. These facts were given more in
detail in a subsequent Report by Surgeon-
General Barnes,of the United States Army.
His Report I have not seen, but according
to a statement, editorially, in the National
Intelligencer— very high authority—it ap
pears from the Surgeon General’s Report,
that, the whole number of Federal prisoner-;
captured by the Confederates and held in
Southern prisons, from first to last during
the war, was in round numbers, 270,000 ;
while the whole number of Confederates
captured and held in prisons by the
Federals was, in like round numbers, only
220,000. From these two Reports it ap
pears that, with 50,000 more prisoners in
Southern stockades, or other modes of con
finement, the deaths were nearly 4,oooless!
According to these figures, the per centum
of Federal deaths in Southern prisons was
under nine J while the per centum of Con
federate deaths in Northern prisons was
oner twelve! These mortality statistics are
of uo small weight in determining on which
side there was the most neglect, cruelty,
and inhumanity !
But the great question in this matter is,
upon whom reel the tremendous responsibility
of all this sacrifice of human life, with all
its indescribable miseries and sufferings?
The tacts, beyond question or doubt, show
that it rests entirely upon the Authorities
at Washington ! It is now well understood
to have been a part of their settled policy in
conducting the war, not. to exchange
prisoners. The grounds upon which this
extraordinary course was adopted were,
that it was humanity to ti e men in the
field, on their side, to let their captured
comrades perish in prison, rather than to
let an equal number of Confederate soldiers
be released on exchange to meet them in
battle! Upon the Federal authorities, and
upon them only, with this policy as their
excuse, rests the whole of this responsi
bility. To avert the indignation which
the open avowal of this policy by them, at
the time, would have excited throughout,
the North, and throughout the civilized
world, the false cry of cruelty towards
prisoners was raised against the Con
federated! This was but a pretext to cover
tlieir own violation of the usages of war in
t.liis respect among civilized nations.
Other monstrous violations oflike usages
were not attempted to lie palliated by them,
or even covered by a pretext. These were,
as you must admit, open, avowed and no
torious! I refer not only tu the general
sacking of private houses—the pi Waging of
money, plate, jewels and other light articles
of value, witli the destruction of book*,
works of art, paintings, pictures, private
manuscripts and family relics ; but I allude,
besides these tilings, especially to the hos
tile acts directly against property of ail
kinds, as well as outrages upon non-com
batants—to the laying waste of whole see
tions of country; the attempted annihila
tion of ail the necessaries of life ;to the
wanton killing, in m .ny instances, of farm
stock and domestic animals; the. burning
of mills, factories and barns, with their con
tents of grain and so age, not sparing
orchards or growing crops, or the imple
ments of husbandry; the mutilation of
county and municipal records of great
value ; the extraordinary efforts made to
stir up servile iusurrectious, involving the
wide-spread slaughter of women and chil
dren ; the impious profanation of temples
of worship, and even the brutish desecra
tion of the sanctuaries of the dean !
All these enormities of a savage charac
ter against the very existence of civilized
society, and so revolting to the natural
sentiments of mankind, when not thorough
ly infuriated by the worst of passions, and
in open violation of modern usages in war,
were perpetrated by the Federal armies in
many places throughout the conflict, as
legitimate means in putting down the re
bellion, so-called!
Major llkister —You arc severe against
the general conduct of the war on our side.
Mr. Stephens— Yes; these are severe
comments, and l must ask you for a little
indulgence to me in expressing myself as l
do. It is a sad thing to me to think of
these subjects, and a still sadder thing to
speak of them as I am compelled to do on
this occasion. Severe as these comments
are, there is, however, nothing extravagant
in anything which I have said. It is all
most lamentably true! All that I have
stated, and much more, too, of a like char
acter, were woefully realized by those who
suffered from the deed of Sheridan’s men in
the Valley of Virginia, and by those who
came within the range of the atrocities at
tending Sherman’s conflagrations and de
vastatious in his “ grand march ” through
Georgia and the Carolinas, as well as by
those who were subjected to the merciless
ravages of Wilson’s and Palmer’s maraud
ers afterwards! Facts which have come
to ray one knowledge, established by indis
putable proof, verify the statement, in full,
both to the letter and spirit. Private
hnuses were sacked, pillaged, and then
burnt; and after all family supplies were
destroyed, or rendered unfit for use, help
less women and hungry children were left
destitute alike of shelter and food. I know
men—old men, non-combatants, men who
had nothing to do with the war, further
than to indulge in that sympathy which
nature prompted—who were seized by a
licensed soldiery and put to brutal torture,
to compel them to disclose and to deliver up
treasure that it was supposed they possess
ed. They were in many instances hung by
the neck until life was nearly extinguished,
and then cut dowu with the promise to de
sist if their demands were complied with,
and threats of repeating the operation to
death if they were not! Judge Hiram
Warner, one of the most upright and un
offending, as well as one of most distin
guished citizens of this State, was the vic
tim of an outrage of this sort. He had had
nothing to do with the war; but it was
supposed he had money, and that was what
these “ truly loyal ” “ Union Restorers,” so
called, were most eager to secure. Specifi
cations, however, are unnecssary. In
stances of a similar character are numer
ous and notorious. In some cases, where
parties resisted, their lives, as well as their
purses, watches and other articles of value,
were taken !
Major Heister— As to the burnings and
conflagrations, and the destruction of pri
vate property, if they are to be set down as
evidences of savage warfare, these outrages
were certainly not perpetrated exclusively
by the Federals, or confined to their side.
1 he Confederates did a good deal of this
kind of work themselves in Maryland and
Pennsylvania, to say nothing of other
places.
Mr. Stephens— That, to a limited extent,
is also most lamentably true ! But these
acts of the Confederates wpre, as is well
known, committed upon the avowed prin
ciple of retaliation. To this savage practice,
if yon please, and upon this principle only,
they were most reluctantly compelled ulti
mately to resort. The “ lex talionis ” is re
cognized in such cases by the most civil
ized nations, though it be savage in its
character.
The truth is, gentlemen, wars in their
most mitigated form—viewed in any light
whatever, have a great deal of the savage
character about them. They are most hor
rible scourges. They always spring from
huge crimes against humanity, on one side
or the other. They often, I admit, call
forth the exercise of the highest faculties
of the human intellect, and sometimes ex
hibit the noblest qualities of the human
heart In the displays of fortitude, endur
ance, heroism, and the divine virtue of self
sacrifice for the good of others ; but they
are ever, upon the whole, even when most
justifiably waged and humanely conducted,
exceedingly demoralizing in their general
tendencies and effects. They arouse aud
put into action the most fiendish elements
of man’s compound nature. Their almost
universal tendency is to make demons of
men. They are, certainly, the last Instru
mentalities that any people devoted to
Constitutional Liberty, or the principles of
Representative Government, should ever re
sort to tor the purpose of maintaining and
securing their objects. They are some
times, as I said in the speech from which I
read, necessary evils, looking to these ends.
This was the character of this war on the
Confederate side. No resistance by arms,
in iny opinion, could be more just than this
was on their part. But the great objects
aimed at in all such cases are much oftener
lost than attained by such resorts, even un
der such circumstances. This is my de
liberate judgment.. It was my judgment
before the States were involved in this war,
about which we can now neither speak nor
think without, the most melancholy reflec
tions. Everything attending it, the loner
series of antecedents leading to it, as well
as its general conduct on both sides, with
its results up to this time, without consid
ering the prospect of the future, all tirtid
greatly to confirm me in that judgment. Ido
most earnestly hope, you may be assured,
that the country may never be cursed with
auotlier. If the present and future genera
tions in all the States will but. profit, as
they should, by the experience of the last
eight years, they certainly never will be
again so cursed.* The only way, however,
in which this experience can be rendered
profitable to those who now live, as well as
those who shall come after us, is by fully
and clearly understanding and studying
the facts and truths which marked and
characterized these most pregnant events
from the beginning to the end, and by
rigidly practicing the lessons which they
inculcate. Many questions ignored and
principles rejected by the leading public
men in the Federal Councils of this day,
must, be considered and recousidered. The
Government, under different counsels, must
be brought back to the principles upon
which it was established, if a repetition of
this great scourge is to be hereafter avert
ed. This is also my deliberate judgment.
The only way in which wars are to be
avoided in this country, is for rulers to ab
stain from usurpations of power. Magna
Oharta was trampled under foot for centu
ries in England ; but its principles died
not—they lived on, and though at the cost
of the terrible scourge of many sanguinary
conflicts, ultimately triumphed. So it may
be expected to lie with the ever-liv ; ng, im
imperisbable principles of American free
institutions !
But what I had in mind to say a momeut
ago in this connection, and in conclusion,
on the point now under our immediate con
sideration, is that, however horrible wars
naturally and necessarily are in them
selves ; yet, in modern times, under the
tempering and redeeming influences of the
Christian religion, civilized nations have,
by common consent, agreed upon certain
customs and usages, to which they con
form in this re ort, savage as it is at best.
These arc the usages of civilized nations to
which I alluded, and which were so wan
tonly violated by the Federals, not only in
their course upon the subject of prisoners,
but in the other acts I mentioned.
Now, what I affirm is, that in no instance
that l am aware of throughout the late war
did the Confederate authorities counte
nance, much less sanction or order a viola
tion of a single one of these recognized Chris
tian and humane usages, not even in the
retaliatory burnings in Maryland and Penn
sylvania, and elsewhere. A comparison
between the acts of the two governments
in these particulars during the whole con
duct of the war, will forever clearly ex
hibit on which side in the contest was the
higher standard of “moral ideas,” aud
with it the higher type of civilization, if
yon will excuse me for saying it, at thin
period in the common history of the peo
ples of the United States, so far as these
were indicated by those who controlled
tiie conduct of public affairs on the respec
tive sides.
However disastrous the results were to
the Confederates; however extensive the
misfortunes, losses, sufferings aud sacri
fices which attended and befell them in
this second bloody conflict for the sover
eign rights of local self-government, on the
part of the peoples of the several States of
this Federal Republic, whether composed
of thirteen, thirty-three, or any other num
ber; however utterly they failed to main
tain this important principle, to which all
that is truly great in the former history of
the States is mainly attributable, and on
which alore all sure hopes for general
peace, prosperity and happiness, with good
government for the whole in future, must
be placed ; however fruitless their efforts
and blasted were their fondest anticipa
tions In their highast objects of patriotic
aim ; however deplorable their present con-
I s ’ bereft of their estates and out
lawed by the Government; and however
worse the condition still to come may be
for them, yet, notwithstanding all this,
they have left to them that which is inesti
mable in value, far above riches, wealth or
power, and of which no oppression or ty
ranny can deprive them, and that is a pub
lic character, which, after having passed
the severest ordeal that can “ try men’s
souls,” stands forth with that moral gran
*Mr. 8. Teackle Wallis, of Baltimore, one of
the members of the Legislature of Maryland,
who was arrested and imprisoned during the
“ reign of terror ” in that State, and who is
distinguished alike (or his patriotism, piety,
learning and scholarly attainments, composed
a poem while in one of the bastiles, on the
curse of war, and embodying an earnest prayer
for peace, which should be preserved and
treasured by all, rulers and ruled, who would
avoid a repetition of similar horrors.
deur which is ever imparted to the reputa
tion of States as of individuals, by upright
ness in conduct, integrity of purpose,
truthfulness in words, and the “crowning
glory ’’ of unsullied honor.
Whatever oth* r errors, faults, failings or
shortcomings they may have had, no act
es treachery, of perfidy, of hyixicrisy or
deceit, of breach of faith, or of turpitude—
nothing of a low, mean, sordid or unmanly
nature, can ever be justly laid to their
charge in their S ate or Confederate or
ganizations, either before or during the
war; neither in the antecedents which led
to it, nor in all the fury which marked its
progress. Their whole public course shows
them to have been a people as trne, as
brave, as generous, as frank, as refined, as
magnanimous, as moral, as religious, and
with all as honorable and patriotic, in the
highest and noblest sense of these words,
as ever struggled against odds, and thus
struggling, fell in battling for the right. So
the truth of history stands and will continue
to stand forever! These are facts which time
will never obliterate or destroy. This re
cord of their past is no small heritage, if
they have nothing else left for them to
transmit to their children, and to their
children’s children, for generations to
come!
KT DEPARTED THIS LIFE FROM HAM
BUKG, 8. 0., on Wednesday morning, June 16th,
1870, Col. John Howell Howard OsBORHB.Sr., who
was horn at Augusta, da., on September 2d, 1794
The friends and acqua ntances of deceased, and of
Mrs. IS. M. Dunning and Henry J. Osboin., are re
seed fully invited to attend his Funeral, from Mrs.
Dunning’s residence, Hamburg 9. C., at 10 o’clock,
THIS (Thursday) MORNING.
Georgia state Lottery.
FOR THE BENEFIT <>F THE
Orphan’s Hum and ITrtje School.
The following were the drawn numbers, In the Sup
plementary Scheme, drawn it Augusta, Oeoivia,
June 15.
MORNING DRAWING—CIass 283.
63 57 43 21 1 Cl 66 II 7 55 60 4 16
14 Drown Numbers.
EVENING DRAWING— CIass 284.
40 34 60 18 16 17 7 » 70 63 73 13 46 ‘4l
13 Drawn Numbers.
jelO-l
SPECIAL NOTICES.
FINAL NOTICE.
STATE AND COUNTY TAX RETURNS—I
will be engaged until the 25th Inst, in ct sing ray Books.
All persons who have failed to make returns and desire
to save themselves from DOU BLE TAX ATI I >N had
b Bt come forward and make their Returns within the
time above mentioned.
MATTHEW SIIRKON,
Tax Receiver R. C.
Ofliee over 274 Broad street jidßlo
B3TCITY LOAN AND BUILDING ABSOCI
ATION.— The Election for Treasurer, Solicitor and
Secretary will take place on THURSDAY KVHN
IMG next.
Aspirants will hand their applications to the Presi
dent, at his store, by 4 o’clock, p. m., of that day.
The Tre .surer must give bond for $:5,u00, and must
state who his securities will he.
By Older of the President
je!s 2 A. F. PLUMB, Secretary.
WHAT DOES REASON SAY ?
The little mongoose when bitten liy a deadly sei
pent resoite to a certain plant, eats of it, and escapes
the effects of the poison. That is instinct Human
lieings, ou the other hand, must depend on reason and
••xperieuce in selecting the means of protecting health
and life against unwholesome influences. Now, what
does reason say on this vital subject V Does it not
tell us that to Invigorate and purify the system is the
best way to protect it against the invisible poison
which generates disease? Surely it does. The next
question is, what guide shall we follow In choosing a
m. dieinil safeguard f R ason repl ea, let your m..ral
tor he experience. Well, the expuience of eighteen
years corn pi iael in one unbroken series of satisfactory
testimonials assures us that Hostetler’s Hlomacli Bit
ters possess strengthening, regulating and antiseptic
properties which are not combined in the same happy
proportions in any other preparation extant. This,
therefore, is the antidote to which reason bids ua re
sort when our health is imperilled either by the mala
ria which produces' epidemic disorders, or by any
other cause, whether inherent and constitutional or
connected Willi our habits, occupations and pursuits.
The venom of a noxious reptile is scarcely more
subtle and dangerous than that which lurks in foul
air and impute water. To escape’ the fevers, bilious
disorders, disturbances of the bowels, and other se
rious maladies produced bv these insalubrious ele
m* n*B, it is absolutely necessary ’hat the stomach and
all the secretive organs should be, so to speak, in a
robust condition. Upon the amount of resistance
which the vital -ystein can oppose to the deleter ous
Influences that, assail it, the safety at the health de
pend*, and it is because the o«kat viqstabi.ii is
vioorant Imp ir s energy and regulaiity to the most
important funeiions of ihe b-d.\,tha i lean be r< com
mended m i guaranteed u- an iovalu ible preventive
medicine jels-ij>l
BATCHELOR’S HAIR DYE.
This pplendid H.itr Dye is the best in ‘he w.ir.ii;
the only true and perfect Dye; harmless, reliable, in
st:.i taneous ; no and sappo ntinent ; no ridiculous tints ;
remedies :hc ill effects of bad dyes; invigorates and
leaves the Hair soil and beautiful, black or brown
Sold by all Diuggints and Perfumers, and properly
applied al Batchelor’s WFactory, No. IS Bond St.,
New York. ,ie4 ljr
SEWING MACHINE-'.—WHEELER A
WILBON Word Renowned Jin r,veil SEWING
M AOniNES lor Sale, Rent and Lease.
All the Modern Improvements put on Old Style
Wheeler A Wilson riewiug Machines. Also, Repair
ing done at No. 2)7X BROAD STREET,
jeS-tf Augusta, Ga.
DR. WRIGHT,
DENTIST,
262 BROAD STREET,
PRICES REASONABLE AND ALL WORK
WARRANTED.
rny3l -3in
W WHILE SOME KIND OF AGITATION
is indispensable to the health and vigor of mind, the
species of commotion occasion and by events, or exter
nal causes, appears less favorable than that which is
produced by its spontaneous effects or reflections.
This is fully home out by the exlinordirary cures ef
fected by the use of the great Southsrn tonic, the
“Old Carolina BiUers.”
Safe I rtiro I reliable! is Wineman's Worm Candy I
jel2-suwt*e
-An WIRE HAILING, FOR
H X" X X Ip K< closing Ceme'ery Lot*,
iB a.)\. >|B C ttages, Ac.; Wire Guards
ifaflßfa lor store Fronts, Factories,
Asylums, Ac.; Wire Webbing, Rice Cloth, and Wire
Work. Also, Manufacturers of
FOimntilNtKß CLOTHS.
Every information by addressing
• M. WALKER A SON,
No. 11 North Sixth Street, Philadelphia.
isn2(*-ly
Great Crash in Dry Goods!
MONEY WANTED!!
_A_FTER THS DATE I will sell my entire
Stock of DRESS GOODS BELOW COST.
Ladies will have an opportunity to purchase
CHOICE GOODS at one-halt their value.
MONEY WANTED.
A large lot of TRIMMINGS, PIQUE, LIN
EN and COTTON EDGINGS, GALLOONS,
FRILLINGS and RUFFLINGB at a great
sacrifice.
MONEY WANTED.
A fine assortment ot LADIES’ COLLARS,
of different styles, at 15 cents, regardless of
cost.
Also a large assortment of other Goods at
greatly reduced prices.
MONEY WANTED.
The public are respectfully invited to call
and he convinced. The Goods are warranted
perfect in every respect.
George Weber,
BEE HIVE DRY GOODS STORE,
No. 194 Broad street.
jelS-suwAfrtt
FOR RENT,
VERY DEBIKABLE COTTAGE, In !
Aiken, 8. C., within a few minutes walk of the
Depot, opposite the Catholic Church. The
House has 5 Rooms, Kitchen, <fcc.
Enquire of CHARLES WOOt), Aiken, or I
F. A. BEALL, Augusta. jell-6*
New Advertisements
FOR NEW YORK
ON SATURDAY.
HE Superior First Class Bide Wheel
Steamship CHARLESTON, James Behry,
Commander, of the New York and Charles
ton Steamship Company’s Line, will leave
Adger’s South Wharl on SATURDAY, IStli
JUNE, at 6 o’clock, p. m.
The CHARLESTON is haudsomely and
comfortably flUedfup for Passengers, aud her
table is supplied with all the delicacies of the
New York and Charleston markets.
Passengers and Shippers will take note
that the CHARLESTON is one of the fastest
ships on the Atlantic coast, making her passage
in 50 or 55 hours. This is a particular advan
tage to Vegetable Shippers.
B*7*' Through Bills o( Lading given on
Cotton to Liverpool at 7-ltid. on Upland and
11-160. on Sea Island. This steamer makes
close connections with the Steamship MAN
HATTAN, leaving New York on Wednesday,
June 22d.
9 lusurauee by this Line, half per cent.
JJaP’"” Cotton taken to New York, Boston,
Providence aud the New England manufactur
ing towns at lowest rates.
Kgf-The Side Wheel Steamship CHAMPION
follows on SATURDAY, the 25th JUNE, at
at o’clock, p. rn.
JAMES A DOER <fc CO ,
Agents, Charleston, S. C.
W STEVENSON,
Freight and Passenger Agent,
je!6-2 Augusta, Ga.
One Hundred Pieces.
One HUNDRED PIECES OF WHITE
GOODS Ol variou kinds will be added to the
BARGAIN COUNTERS at, the FREDER
ICKSBURG STORE T HIS MORNING, at 25
cents per yard, worth 50 and 75 cenLs Come
and see. V. RICHARDS & BKOS ,
jelO 1 Corner by the Planters’ Hotel.
CORN.
A3,( H ) BUSHELS Strictly Prime
White and Ye'low Balli
mort and Norfolk CORN,
in Store
17,000 Bushels Prime While and
Yellow CORN, to arrive.
For sale bv
T. TOPPER A SONS,
j'Tfi 5 , Charleston, 8. C.
THE HEALING SPRINGS,
HATH COUNTY, VIRGINIA,
Wiu .be opeu ou the 15th JUNE. They
are accessible by the Chesapeake and Ohio Rail
road from Milboro Depot, twenty-three miles
by stages, crossing the Warm Spring mountain
and passing the Warm and Hot Springs, or
from Covington Depot, sixteen miles, over a
line turnpike of easy grade, in full view of the
celebrated Falling Springs and the fine scenery
on Jackson’s river.
Persons leaving Richmond or Washington in
tlie morning can reach the Springs that night,
or remain at Covington and arrive at the
Springs next morning.
Pamphlets attesting the virtne of the waters
to he had of the proprietors, or of Messrs.
Purcell, Ladd & Cos., Richmond, or of the agent
at i he Springs.
TELEGRAPH OFFICE at the Springs.
Board, 13 per day ; |2O per week, aud $75
per luonth.
M. 11. HOUSTUN. M D.,
Resident Physician.
B. M. QUARLES, Ageut.
Dunt.op MoCaxick, a
Hugh VV. Fky, J Proprietors.
A. Y. Stokes, S jelf>2awlm
Interest on Deposits.
NOTICE TO COUNTRY MERCHANTS.
IVIoNEY Deposited on nr before the 20th
instant, will carry interest, from the Ist of June
by special agreement.
COUNTRY MERCHANTS will find it to
their advantage and convenience to opeu ac
counts with ns, and have their notes and ac
ceptances made payable it our Bank. We will
remit for same without char,e and give them
LIBERAL DISCOUNTS.
Merchants will do well to communicate with
us. BRANCH. SONS & CO., Bankers,
jcl6-tf 223 Broad street, Augusta, Ga.
Steam Dyeing aud Ftiti»bi«ig.
X. HAVE opened at my MILL on Twiggs
street, a STEAM DYEING and FINISHING
EBTA BLIBH M ENT, in charge of
JAMES ALL'S IN,
from PAISLEY, SCOTLAND,
where Ladies’ and Gents’ CLOTHING of all
kinds, fine BHA W I,S, 811 KS, CRUMB
CLOTHS, TABLE COVERS, PIECE and
STRAW GOODS, can be CLEANED, DYED
and RENEWED in the best manner.
Orders aud communications received at my
store, 276 Broad street.
j«7-tf R. F. URQUHART.
Hardware, Cutlery,
Moves, Tin and Wood Ware.
WILLIAM HILL
13 k,(48 to announce to liis old friends and
customers, and the citizens of Augusta and
vicinity, that he has Removed his business
from Hamburg, 8. C., to the Store, lfM Broad
street, Augusta, Ga., next door above the Con
stitutionalist Office, where ho has a full atocit
of HARDWARE, consisting of—
AXES, HOES, SPADES, SHOVELS
MANURE FORKS, RAKES
BLACKSMITH TOOLS
BAR IRON, STEEL, NAILS
HORSE and MULE SHOES
OVENS, POTS and SPIDERS .
HINGES, SCREWS
POCKET and TABLE CUTLERY
SAWS, AUGURS, CHISELS, &e., Ac.
ALSO,
WOODEN WAKE, such aa BUCKETS,
TUBS, CHURNS, PAILS, Ac.
COOKING BTOY ES, of varioua patterns ot
modern make, and warranted to cook well;
also, HEATING STOVES.
He also offers a full assortment of TIN
WARE, which he manufactures in all its varie
ties, at wholesale and retail. TIN and SHEET
IRON MANUFACTURED to order, and job
bing promptly done in best manner.
I respectfully solicit a share of public pa
tronage. WILLIAM HILL,
janl4-6m 193 Broad street, Augusta, Ga.
NOTICE.
f IUBT RECEIVED, the latest styles of La
dies’, Gents’ and Misses’ SHOES, from the
best manufactories iu the United States. Also,
anew style ol MARIE ANTOINETTE SLIP
PERS, which the public are invited to call aud
examine at the old stand of M. Cohhn,
Broad street.
Jols-2 J. HERTZ.
WESTERN
LAGER BEER.
.A. superior article al
ways on hand,
myli-tf A. BOHNE.
DRY GOODS!
~ ii—iiiiiniiii ii ri i " i i—> -.^ Ba _
ifia #i mim* .83*01 TO^f
Great Itediiction in Prices!
o
James A. Gray & Cos.
Would respectfully inform their Friends and the Public that the *
have MARKED DO WIST their entire stock of
PERFECT STAPLE AND FANCY
■» W «U «)»«»■» %
FOLLY THIRTY TO FORTY PER CENT.
-Regardless of Oost, or Oost of Importation.
, : o-
We Want Money to Pay Our Notes, and must have it at
any Sacrifice,
Consequently we have “put the knife ” into the entire stock. The Pub
lic can rest assured that our VF]RY BEST (JLASS OF GOODS
are offered at the MOST RUTHLESSLY LOYV PRICES!
We will guarantee to Duplicate any Bill sold in this City FIVE
RJ±.R CIIJSJ T. DFS9 than the lowest.
1 he L üblic are respectfully challenged to compare our Goods and
Prices with anything ever sold i u this City.
jeii-df6*ci JAMES ; A. GEAY CO.
MUSaUETOE NETS.
I HAVE .inst received a foil line of MUS
QUETOE NETS, with Patent Fixtures com
plete, and of Fixtures withont Nets. No extra
charge mide for pattiDg up Nets or Fixtures
in any part ol the city.
E. G ROGERS
Furniture Dealer, •
my 22-1 m 143 and 145 Broad street.
COTTON GINS!
P R A T T’S
CELEBRATED GINS,
JVEaNUFACTURED for the past FORTY
YEARS by UPRATT, ol Alabama,
anti in use from , irginia to Mexico, giving
very general satisfaction.
The PRATT GINS are plain, simple and du
rable, run light and giu fast; not liable, wi'h
proper care, to get out of order, and as cheap
us any first-class Gin made.
Mr. Pratt claims that his COTTON BOX is
superior to all others in use.
We were unable to supply the demand for
“PRATT GINS” last season, and request
Planters to send in their orders earlv.
Factors’ acceptances, payable next Novem
ber, will bo taken for Gins without, charge for
the lime.
We will guarantee every Gin that we sell to
perform well.
For further particulars apply to
WHILES* At CO.,
COTTON FACTORS,
my2s-3mif AUGUSTA, GA.
HALL’S
t-opper Scroll Lightning Rod,
THE BEST ROD IN USE.
.Ft HAS stood the test of eight years’ trial
It is made of pur e copper which is ackuowt
edged by all electricians to be the best accessi
ble material for lightning conductors.
It is hollow, presenting not only a double
surface but has more than double the conduct
ing capacity of any Rod in nse.
Its construction and application to a build
ing is in the strictest accordance with the prin
ciples of science, and is endorsed unhesitating
ly by the proloundest Electricians in the
United States and Europe as being far superior
to any Rod ever yet brought belore the public.
Price as low, if not lower, than any other
Rod. Call and examine at
W. H. GOODRICH’S & SON,
265 Broad street, Augusta Ga.,
Manufacturers and sole Proprietors for the
States of Georgia, Sontb Carolina and Florida.
feb!6-tf
20,000 LBS. C. R. BACON
SIDES.
5,000 bushels CORN
1,000 bushels OATS
800 barrels Refined BUGARB
For sale by
Je4 ts BRANCH, SCOTT & CO.
The Washington Gazette,
PUBLISHED EVERY FRIDAY,
AT WASHINGTON, GA.
Has a large circulation in Wilkes and ad
joining counties, and is therefore a good me
dium for merchants and business men to make
themselves known to the people oi the section
where it circulates.
ADVERTISEMENTS INSERTED at rea
sonable rates.
AMES A. WRIGHT.
ap2-tf Proprietor.
CARPETS. CARPETS.
Great Karpins Offered for Two Weeks.
IN order to o*l uce .lock before Ist JUf.Y, and to make room for our Fall Stock,
we will offer the following great inducements to parties buying CARPETS for two
weeks from this date :
Carpets, worth 50 cents, at 25 cents.
Carpets, worth Si, at 5o cents.
Carpets, worth Si 50, at Si.
Carpets, worth $2 25, at Si 25 to SI 60.
Druggets, worth Si 8, at *£ 12.
Druggets, worth Sls, at
Parties Intending to purchase Carets the coming Fall can save money by boytnjt
now.
The public are invited to call and examine the bargains offered at
James G. Bailie & Bros’.
jelO-lwlf
Carolina Life Insurance Company,
OF MEMPHIS, TENN.
ASSETS - -- -- -- -- §846,019 03.
JEFFERSON DAVIS, President.
M. J. WICKS, Ist Vice-President. I J. T. PETTIT, 34 Vice Presided.
W. F. BOYLE, Secretary. | J. H. EDMONDSON, General Agent.
— —o
ISSUES POLICIES on all the Improved Plans of Life Insurance.
ALL POLICIES NON FORFEITABLE tor their Equitable Value.
NO RESTRICTIONS ON TRAVEL OK RESIDENCE within the settled limits «>
United States, British North America or Europe.
I respectfully present the claims of this Company to the citizens of my State as a reliable
medium through which they cm secure a certain protection for their families ia the event el
Ibeir death.
ACTIVE SOLICITORS WANTED. .
I.tI'AVKTTK McUWS, State Agent,
my 4 6<uil NO. 3 OLD POST OFFICE BUILDING, AUGUSTA, GA.
iff/fM MANHOOD:
flliiii HOW LOS T—HOW RESTORED.
Just Published in a sealed envelope , Price,
Six Cents,
A LECTURE on the Natural Treatment and
Radical Cure of Spermatorrhea or Seminal
Weakness, Involuntary Emissions, Sexual De
bility, and impediments to Marriage generally ;
Nervousness, Consumption, Epilepsy and Fits;
Meuul and Physical Incapacity, resulting from
SeK-Abuse, <fce., by Robert j. Culver well,
M. D., author of the “ Green Book,” <fec.
“A Bonn to Thoniandt of Sufferers.”
Sent under seal, in a plain envelope, to any
address, postpaid, on receipt of six cents, or
two postage stamps, by CHARLES J. C.
KLINE A CO.,
IV? Uoweiy, New York, P rt. Box 4 0 86.
Also, Dr. Culverwoli’s “ Marriage Guide.”
Price, 25 Cents. my4-d*c3uiit
BARS &> CO.’S
ENGLISH PALE ALE.
J UST RECEIVED, and for sale on draught,
by
}e7-6 E. R. BCHNEIDEK.
Flour From New Wheat.
PAMILIEB aud Dealers can be supplied
with FLOUR ground from NEW WHEAT, at
onr S ore or Excelsior Mills.
jeAcf BRANCH, SCOTT A CO.
FOR SALE.
The onefifth interest!)? tb*
late L. D. Lall*rst«dt in the Printing »
Publishing Establishment of the AUGUST
CONSTITUTIONALIST. This very vslusM'
interest can be had on reasonable term* &
cash. _
Apply to Mrs. A. F. 1
ecutrix, Berzelia, Ga., or tfr Attorney *t j* ’
JAMES S. BOOK.
Augusta. G»-
Rgf* The Chronicle and Sentinel copy o,ce
a week for four weeks; Charleston
Savannah Republican and Atlanta CoustitatK*
once a week for two weeks, and forward ‘
my2l-tf _ —-
Augusts, Ju»e #tk. lfGO"
Proposals will be received at the ettr
Surveyor’s Office, until the tosUnk
the construction of a Brick Cylindrica
along Washington Street, from Rc.tbo
Te fair Streets. , ms
Also, two Surface Brick DRAINS along
same street. __ ■ ius of
Also, for the laying of 10 Short DRA
12iinch earthenware pipes.
For specifications of "tick spply to
T. W. GUMMING,
City Engineer, Mclntosh St-, Angus!*-
Jell-taQ