Newspaper Page Text
IE CONSTITUTIONALIST
THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 4, 1875.
PAUPERISM AND CRIME.
There is in the New York Prison
ssociation a record of a pauper named
alakgaket, who has been called “ the
mother of criminals.” The facts and
, -ures of the case have been presented
. the New York Legislature and they
e very startling indeed. Eighty-five
oars ago, Margaret was a little stray
girl, poor and neglected. Her two sis
t ;rs were similarly bereft and unfor
mate. These unhappy creatures led
lives of vagabondage and ultimately
101 l into criminal courses. The New
York Times says “ their descendants,
lainly from Margaret, however, now
a umber six hundred and twenty-three
riminals, paupers and prostitutes. ’
L’he same paper continues : “We hear
, one generation, in which, out of
seventeen children, nine served an
aggregate term of fifty years in the
prison for high crimes. The
verage annual cost of these pris
oners was probably two hundred dol
lars. This would make a single gen
ration cost the public ten thousand
dollars in prison expenses. But all
these convicts destroyed or appropria
t and, besides, a considerable amount of
property. Then their brothers andsis
cers were constantly in the almshouse
>r the county jail. It is but an esti
mate, yet twenty thousand dollars
would seem a small estimate for the
expense of that one group to the coun
ty. But, besides these seventeen, we
are to consider how much the other
six hundred have cost, or are costing,
the public. The Kingston Journal in
forms us of a number of the line who
are still chargeable on the county or
State. To estimate that the descend
ants of the pauper girl have cost that
county one hundred thousand dollars
would certainly not bean exaggeration.
And beyond this, what annoyance have
they inflicted on the whole neighbor
hood ; what loss of property; what
temptation have they caused to the
children of the virtuous ? And yet a ju
dicious expendiure of ten dollars eighty
live years ago would have saved it all.”
Commenting upon these extraordi
nary facts, the St. Louis Republican
has these thoughtful and terribly true
remarks ;
Now had this wretched waif been prop
erly cared for physically and mentally
while young, there is every reason to be
lieve her offspring would have developed
no unusual amount of depravity and prov
ed a blessing rather than a curse to com
munity. The State of New York could bet
ter afforded—as the result shows—to have
■ ixpended fifty thousand dollars in the guar
dianship and education of Margaret, than
have allowed her to grow up like a neg
lected weed as she did. Five times fifty
thousand dollars will not pay the damage
she has directly and indirectly inflicted
upon the society which deemed her be
neath its notice, and which virtually com
missioned her to do the greatest possible
amount of mischief.
Social science is frequently underrated
and despised by those who do not take the
trouble to comprehend even its fudamen
tal principles; and by those who, with
larger knowledge, still hope to find in sys
tems of theology a cure for the ulcers
Avhich are literally eating the soul out of
our much boasted civilization. We believe
that this science, now comparatively in its
infancy, will, when fully developed and
properly directed, do as much or more
than anything else to ameliorate that con
dition of affairs which led the German
philosopher, Lessing, to say; “ The world
has now tried Christianity for eighteen
hundred years. Is it not time that we
tried the religion of Jesus Christ?” Not
until such cases as the one we have been
examining are deliberately confronted in
the right spirit of phiianthrepy and true
political economy, can we hope to reach
and remedy the root of the social difficulty.
And until that root is reached and reme
died, our progress as a race can have no
solid foundation and no happy consumma
tion.
One of the curious things connected
with this miserable woman was that
her youngest son, \fho is now a crimi
nal in durance, she named Napoleon
Hannibal C.esar. Was this conjunc
tion of names an accident or design V
Did it really creep into the brain of
the outcast and degraded mother that
men who are celebrated as great con
querors and destroyers would belong,
like her son, to the “dangerous classes,”
if they had not been rescued by their
superior intellect? Tremendous as
the evil Margaret’s pestiferous brood
inflicted upon the world, it is nothing in
comparison with that which men of
blood and iron, gifted with towering
genius, have whelmed the universe, in
all times and all countries. Still, for
all this, it would be well to check
vagrancy in the beginning, for when
the rich suffer poverty to degenerate
into crime, they raise up monsters who
glare at them in the dead of fnight
with the eyes of murder or invade
their strong boxes with the implements
of theft. It is a terrible thought for
any man, that in eternity some lost
soul cries out against him for ven
geance.
A ape.— Old Ben Wade says, in all his
stormy career, he never had such mis
givings concerning the future of this
nation as ne is compelled to entertain
at this time. The way through our
present political complications he could
not venture to point out or predict.
It seems to be very generally be
lieved that if something does not turn
up for the better pretty soon, there will
necessarily be the devil to pay in this
“land of the free and home of the
brave ’’-so-called.
Legislative.— lllinois is puzzled to find
some way to prevent absenteeism in the
Legislature. At least one-third of the mem
bers are absent all of the time, and the ses
sion is thus needlessly protracted. The
compensation is now $5 a day, and it is
urged that if this is changed to a salary of
S2OO for the session, the members will hurry
up business and get home as suon as possi
ble. Five dollars a day is so munificent a
sum that the members prolong the session
as far as possible.— Exchunge.
Suppose those Legislative cusses re
ceived seven dollars a day and mileage?
Senatorial Elections.
St. Paul, February 3.—Ramsey lost
one vote.
Charleston, W. Va., • February 3.
Camden withdrew. On t>he thirty
fourth ballot in the caucus, the vote
resulted : Walker, 23 ; Price, 14 ;
others scattering.
BY TELEGRAPH.
[Sd icial to the Constitutionalist.
ATLANTA.
Legislative Proceedings—Failure to
Reconsider the Waiver of Home
stead—A Usury Law— Passage of the
General Tax Bill-Chancellor Tuck
er’s Address.
Atlanta, Ga., February 3d.
In the Senate, this morning, Mr. Mc-
Afee, of the Thirty-second District,
moved to reconsider the action of yes
terday, passing a bill to allow parties
to waive and renounce homestead.—
The motion was supported by Arnow
and Peavy, who maintained it was un
constitutional, would till the courts
with litigation, and would deprive
many women and children of shelter.
It was opposed by McDaniel, who said
he sought to accomplish good, and to
give the farmer and others a basis of
credit. The motion to reconsider was
tabled by yeas, 16 ; nays, 15. President
Simmons voted yea.
The special order of the Senate, being
a bill to fix the rate of interest, to define
usury and prescribe a remedy, was
taken up. The bill fixes the legal rate
at seven per cent., allows ten per cent,
contract, provides that reserving, or
contracting to reserve and take any
rate of interest exceeding ten per cent.,
shall be declared usury—the provisions
of the bill to extend to all banks which
shall directly or indirectly charge or
receive any greater interest than al
lowed in the bill. The bill was sup
ported by Wilson (the author of the
bill), Blance and Hester, and opposed
by Arnow. Pending discussion, the
Senate adjourned.
The House took up the general tax
act, which passed. It provides for the
raising of eleven hundred thousemd
dollars ; limits the rate to four-tqnths
of one per cent.; imposes a special tax
of fifteen dollars on insurance agents
of each company represented ; exempts
one hundred dollars of personal proper
ty of each head of a family. No other
changes from last year.
The House concurred in the Senate
resolution to appoint a special com
mittee to consider all bills to alter or
amend the collecting laws.
At 12:30 p. m. the galleries of the
House were crowded to hear the ad
dress of the Chancellor of the State
University. The Senate repaired to
the Representative Hall, whereupon
the Chancellor of the University, sup
ported by Gov. Smith and accompanied
by the Judges of the Supreme Court,
appeared, and was received by a rising
House. Chancellor Tucker was intro
duced by President Simmons. He spoke
an hour and a half, and was greeted by
frequent applause. He asked no ap
propriation, but contented himself by
saying that the State University con
sisted of five thousand educated men,
who, as members of Congress, minis
ters, Governors, Judges of the Su
preme and Superior Courts, Bish
ops, Presidents of Colleges, mem
bers of the Legislature, and in
telligent planters and business men,
had made Georgia what she was. Yet
the University had received from the
State, during ninety years of its exist
ence, only about fourteen thousand
dollars donation, though it was called
a State institution. He said one objec
tion urged against the University was,
it ruined many boys. Yes, said he, it
ruined many. It ruined Alex. H. Steph
ens, J. B. Gordon, Howell Cobb, Ben.
Hill, 11. V. Johnson, and thousands of
others. This sally was followed by
laughter and applause. He concluded
by saying he asked no appropriation,
but good will, sympathy, confidence,
and the hearts of the entire people of
Georgia.
ASSOCIATED PRESS DISPATCHES.
CONGRESSIONAL.
Logan After Emory—Civil Rights
Bill.
Washington, February 3.— Senate.—
Logan introduced a bill authorizing
the retirement of Brevet Brigadier
Gen. W. H. Emory, United States
Army, with the rank and pay of Briga
dier General. Referred to the Com
mittee on Military Affairs.
The House has voted to reconsider
the vote by which the Civil Rights bill
was referred to the Judiciary Com
mittee.
Bills Passed—Butler Puts on His War
Paint, but Meets a Texas Ranger.
In the Senate, Clayton (Ark.) sub
mitted a resolution requesting the
President, if not incompatible with pub
lic interest, to transmit to the Senate
such information as is in his posses
sion and not heretofore sent to Con
gress respecting affairs in Arkansas,
together with such recommendations
as he may deem proper in reference
thereto.
of Virginia, objected to the
latter part of the resolution, and said
it was not customary to call upon the
President for recommendations.
Clayton consented to striking out
that part of the resolution objected to,
and as amended was agreed to.
The Vice-President laid before the
Senate a communication from the
Secretary of the Treasury in answer to
a resolution of the Senate of December
18,1873, in regard to a number of bales
of cotton seized, by whom taken, when
or where sold, prince obtained, dispo
sition of proceeds, &c. Ordered to be
printed and referred to the Committee
on Claims.
Cameron, of Pennsylvania, called up
the House bill appropriating $25,000 to
defray the expenses of entertaining his
Majesty, King Kalakua, during his re
cent visit to this country. Passed.
Johnson, of Virginia, introduced a
bill to remove the political disabilities
of *R. H. Logan, of Roanoke county,
Virginia. Referred to the Judiciary
Committee.
Scott, of Pennsylvania, introduced a
bill to amend the act authorizing the
appointment of a Shipping Commis
sioner. Referred to Committee on Com
merce.
Spencer, of Alabama, introduced a
bill construing the act for the benefit
of the Mobile and Girard Railroad
Company of Alabama. Referred to the
Committee on Public Lands.
A large number of bills reported by
the Committee on Pensions were
passed.
The balance of the day was occupied
by Morrill, of Vermont, in a speech
against the proposed Canadian reci
procity treaty. An executive session
followed and the treaty was rejected.
House —The Civil Rights Bill was
fairly got before the House to-day, and
the Senate bill was offered as a sub
stitute for that reported from the Ju
diciary.
Another substitute was offered by
White, of Alabama.
In Butler’s opening speech he alluded
to portions of the Southern people as
banditi, horse thieves and assassins.—
This remark was resented by McLean,
of Texas, who said that the only mur
derer whom he knew on the floor was
Butler himself, who had murdered a
man at New Orleans.
Butler characterized this language as
improper, ungentlemanly and ruffianly,
and the Speaker ruled that the lan
guage of both was unparliamentary.—
Butler added that the trouble with the
country was that he had not hanged
more as he ought to have done.
There was a good deal of confusion
and excitement during this scene, but
everything was smoothed over, and
the debate went on.
The vote will be taken to-moriow.
The Senate, in Executive session to
day, confirmed L. H. Chandler, Pension
Agent at Richmond; Scanlon, Post
master at Houston. Texas; Henry
Massic, Charlottesville, Va.; Philip E.
Ezekiel, Beaufort, S. C.; S. F. Stalley,
Washington, N. C.; Mary C. Daniels,
Wilson, N. C.; C. V. Case, Liberty, Va.
WASHINGTON.
Marine Disaster—Australia Wants
Much Space at the Centennial.
Washington, February 3.—The Signal
Office reports that the steamer Tona
wanda. from Philadelphia for Savan
nan, with a general cargo of 1,000 tons,
encountered a gale off Cape Henry. She
was towed to Norfolk, where she will
be repaired.
Australia applies for 23,000 feet of
space at the Centennial.
Nathan Sargent, known as a political
writer, under the name of “ Oliver Old
School,” is dead—aged seventy-five.
He was the personal friend and politi
cal supporter of Henry Olay.
Secretary Robeson wis before the
House Appropriation Committee this
morning on the general subject of ap
propriations for the various navy
yards. He recommends strongly the
restoration of the Pensacola Navy
Yard. He has not yet indicated his
views with reference to the Senate Na
val Committee report looking to the
abolition of certain yards, the Wash
ington Navy Yard being included in
the list.
FOREIGN.
Advance of Alfonso—The Pope Ad
vises Don Carlos to Yield.
Madrid, February 3.—Gen. Moriones
succored Pampeluna. In the engage
ment yesterday at Otieza, between the
Royalists and Carlists, the latter were
defeated. Alfonsist troops are advan
cing victoriously. The Pope has writ
ten a letter to Don Carlos. He ex
presses sympathy for his cause, but
advises him to reconsider the determi
nation to continue the war, as the
dignity of the Catholic Church in Spain
has been vindicated and the rights of
the clergy recognized by Alfonso.
A British Subject Imprisoned—A
Cargo of Coffee Lost.
Kingston, Jamaica, February 3.—Dis
turbances are reported in Aspinwall in
consequence of the imprisonment of
Dr. Pigot, a British subject. A man
of-war has been ordered from this
port to Aspinwall to support the Brit
ish Consul, who has been assaulted.
The French, steamer Montezuma,
from Port-Au-Prince for Havre, with
coffee, went ashore off Inauga and is a
total wreck.
Havana, February 3.—Archbishop
Perche and Rev. Patrick Allen, of New
Orleans, are in this city collecting
funds for a Catholic church in Louisi
ana. It was rumored in New Orleans
that Father Allen was dead, but the
report is without foundation. Father
Allen is in perfect health.
A well known Mexican merchant has
absconded from the city of Mexico,
leaving liabilities to the amount of
8600,000. General failures of small
firms are expected.
The English Liberals. Gladstone
Retires from the Leadership, and
the Marquis of Hartington Chosen
in His Stead.
London, February 3.—The third
meeting of the Liberal members of
Parliament was held this evening, and
was attended by 137 gentlemen. Among
those present were: H. C. Childers,
Cowper Temple, Lewis L. Dilluyn, W.
H. Gladstone, Geo. J. Goschen, Henry
James, Robert Lowe, A. J. Mundelia
and Dr. Lyon Playfair. Mr. Jno. Bright
was chosen to preside, and on taking
the chair said although a parlia
mentary leader was necessary, still
each member had a right to reserve
such individual liberty as honorable
men.
A resolution regretting Gladstone’s
retirement was adopted after an elo
quent eulogy by Fawcett.
Mr. Villiens nominated the Marquis
of Hartington, for the leadership of
the party.
Mr. Morley, who was orginally in
favor of Mr. Foster, seconded the
nomination and pledged the Marquis
his support and that of his friends.
The Marquis of Hartington was then
unanimously elected.
Bright, in closing his speech, con
gratulated the meeting on its choice.
WISCONSIN.
The Democrats Decide the Contest
by Voting for a Liberal Republi
can-Matt Carpenter, “Desperately
Short,” Succeeded by Angus Uam
eron.
Milwaukee, February 3.—The
eleventh ballot elects Angus Cameron,
of La Crosse. The vote was Cameron,
68 ; Corpenter, 59 ; scattering, 4. The
Democratic caucus nominated Cameron,
and aided by the bolters, effected the
above result.
The election of Mr. Cameron was
brought about by the coalition of the
Democrats with the bolting Republi
cans. The latter offered the Demo
crats four names from which they
might choose a^andidate —Judge Cole,
ex-Gov. Lewis, Gen. Guppey and Hon.
Angus Cameron.
Charleston, W. Va., February 3.
Walker, 22 ; Johnson, 8 ; Camden, 6 ;
Faulkner, 4 ; Dennis, 2 ; Pendleton, 1.
The Democratic caucus last night
nominated Mr. Cameron conditionally,
upon his acceptance of the platform
that includes hard money, a tariff for
revenue only, and the supremacy of
civil authority in time of peace. Mr.
Cameron, the Senator elect, was born
in Caledonia, Livingston county, N. Y.,
in 1826. He came to Wisconsin in 1857,
and has served six years in the State
Legislature, and was Speaker of the
Assembly in 1867. He is a lawyer, and
a prominent member of the Episcopal.
Church.
electric Clashes.
Deposits in the defaulting People’s
Bank, of St. Louis, aggregate $600,000,
divided among 2,000 persons, mostly
poor people.
Six cargoes of 28,000 bags of coffee
have arrived, from Rio, at Baltimore.
Gen. Sheridan has gone to Vicksburg,
whence he will go to Chicago. [Adoo !
Adoo !]
King Kaliko has gone home to eat
cold missionary.
Prominent among the candidates for
Bishop o! Illinois, to succeed Bishop
Whitehouse, is Dr. Fulton, of Ala
bama.
Nelson Sanderson, known as Nelse
Seymour, negro minstrel, is dead.
A Paris authority says : “There is
nothing more difficult for a woman to
do than to sit gracefully in a carriage.
The lorette lies down at full length ,
the strong-minded woman crosses her
legs; the bourgeoise sticks up her
knee ; the waiting-maid leans over the
side, and the high-bred lady only holds
herself as she ought to do, without
either carelessness or stiffness, and
looking as though she had been born
in a carriage.”
The Georgia negro has no more faith
in banks. He lays his money out in
store clothes and hair oil, and the news
of a bank suspension causes him to
exclaim: “ Bust away wid ye, but you
can’t hurt does lavender pants.”
The Spring Meeting of the Savan
nah Jockey Club.
The third annual meeting of the
Savannah Jockey Club opened at Ten
Broeck Course Tuesday afternoon.
From the Savannah papers we get
the following summary of the races :
The programme provided for three
races—a hurdle, dash, and mile heat—
the first of which was started a few
minutes after three o’clock.
Eleven pools were filled. Busy Bee
was the favorite, and Captain Jack
second choice, whilst Van Buren, which
came in second in the race, sold for
sl. We give the list herewith :
Busy Bee $lO 00 $lO 00 $25 00 $25 00
Midnight 600 700 14 00 14 00
Captain Jack . 800 800 13 00 12 00
Accident. $3 00) )3 00 400 300
V Field -4 00 300 300
Van Buren 3 00) )2 00 400 300
Busy Bee .S2O S4O S3O $25 S2O $25
Midnight... ...11 10 10 9
Captain Jack 13 15 14 15 15 14 14
first race.
Hurdle race, welter weights, two
miles, over eight hurdles three feet six
inches high. Purse S2OO, of which SSO
to second horse.
1. A. M. Burton enters b. g. Captain
Jack, 5 years, by Young Maxtin, dam
Molly Austin. Colors, blue and blue,
white sasb.
2. Barton, Wilson & Cos. enter ch. h.
Accident, 5 years, by Last Chance, dam
by Garrett Davis. Colors, tan.
3. L. A. Hitchcock enters Busy Bee,
4 years, by War Dance, dam Laura
Spillman. Colors, black, blue and
cherry.
4. J. Crawford enters ch. c. Van
Buren, 4 years, by Vandal, dam Dew
Drop, by Lexington. Colors, blue and
blue.
5. J. H. Friel enters Midnight, by
Donerail, Dam Amanda Morehead.—
Colors, harlequin.
SUMMARY.
Busy Bee 1
Van Buren 2
Midnight. ✓ 3
Capt. Jack 4
Accident 5
Time—4:o7.
POOLS ON THE SECOND RACE.
Granger $35 50 115 175 160 105 50 25
Crown Prince.... 20 27 55 55 45 20 75
Limestone 10 15 22 30 30 5 6 5
Stampede 615 20 30 21 5 4
SECOND RACE.
Savannah Cup—For all ages, weight
I for age ; entrance SSO, p. p.; two miles ;
Club to add S7OO, of which SIOO to
second horse.
G. H. Rice, W. H. Connor’s ch. c.
Stampede, 4 year old, by War Dance
out of Dolly Morgan by Revenge; col
ors, blue, with crescent.
Lewis Jones, br. h. Granger, 8 years
old, by Aysgarth, dam by Charley Ball;
colors, fancy.
L. A. Hitchcock, ch. e. Limestone, 4
years old, by War Dance out of Tran
sylvania by Massoud Arab ; colors blue
and cherry.
J. H. Morgan, b. e. Crown Prince, 4
years old, by Asteroid out of Kate An
derson by Sovereign ; colors fancy.
There were six entries for this stake,
but. “ Bingaman,” entered by J. W.
Weldon & Cos., and “ Flower Girl,” en
tered by Lewis Jones, did not run. The
horses were awarded positions as fol
lows : “ Crown Prince ” inside, “ Stam
pede ” second, “ Lime Stone ” third,
“ Granger ” fourth.
The close of the dash was greeted
with enthuiastic cheers, and the ex
cited ones, who had been carried away
by their enthusiasm during the run
ning, and had planked their currency
on “Limestone ’ and “Granger,” were
interviewed by the friends of “Crown
Prince” and invoked to fork over.
SUMMARY.
Crown Prince l
Limestone 2
Granger 3
Stampede 4
Time—3:47.
It was rumored that over SI,OOO was
lost on “Granger” in this race, as inde
pendent of the amounts invested in the
pools, there were numerous outside
bets in the sums of $25, SSO and SIOO.
The result of the race was apparently
a general surprise.
THIRD RACE.
Mile heats for all ages. Purse
5250, of which SSO to second horse.
1. A. M. Burton enters br. h. Surviv
or, 5 years old, by Vandal, dam by Lex
ington ; colors blue and blue, white
sash.
2. L. A. Hitchcock, br. f. Lutitia H.,
4 years, by Daniel Boone, dam Mean
ness, by Brown Dick; colors, black,
blue and cherry.
Survivor was the favorite in the pool
and also on the track, bets of $lO to $2
being offered and taken up.
SUMMARY.
Survivor 1 1
Lutitia 2 2
Time—l:s3%, 1:51.
CA RPTE S!
Bargains in Carpets!
FOR CASH OR CITY ACCEPTANCE.
We are now offering at very
LOW PRICES, our
Brussels,
Three-Plys, and
SCOTCH INGRAINS,
Together witli a large stock, of
Window Shades,
Lace Curtains and Cornices,
Damasks, Reps and Terrys,
Piano and Table Covers,
Cocoa and Canton Mattings,
Wall Papers and Borders,
Rugs and Door Mats.
Jas. G. Bailie & Bro.,
jan27-su&c3m 205 BROAD STREET.
n.rio.ittz i>. ..IV. ......
STEAM ENGINES,
New or Second Hand, of all Sizes, of
the Best Makes,
PROMPTLY FURNISHED.
GIN GEARING,
Of all Sizes, constantly on hand, of the va
rious patterns.
OUR GIANT HORSE POWER,
For Ginning or Threshidb, is Strong and
Reliable, and, we think, one of the
best made.
PENDLETON & BOARDMAN,.
Iron Founders,
jan24suwefr&c-3m GA.
FUNERAL NOTICE.
THE FRIENDS AND ACQUAINTANCES
of Mr. and Mrs. John Febbeb and family are
respectfully requested to attend the funeral
of the former, from St. Patrick’s (Catholic)
Church, THIS (Thursday) AFTERNOON, at
4:3' o’clock. *
SPECIAL NOTICES.
CONSUMPTIVES, TAKE NOTICE.
EVERY MOMENT OF DELAY MAKES
your cure more hopeless, and much depends
on the judicious choice of a remedy. The
amount of testimony in favor of Dr.Schenek’s
Pulmonic Syrup, as a cure for consumption,
far exceeds all that can be brought to support
the pretensions of any other medicine. See
Dr. Schonek’s Almanac, containing the certi
ficates of many porsons of the highest respec
tability, who have been restored to health,
after being pronounced incurable by physi
cians of acknowledged ability. Schenck’s
Pulmonic Syrup alone has cured many, as
these evidences will- show; but the cure is
often promoted by the employment of two
other remedies which Dr. Schenck provides
for the purpose. These additional remedies
are Schenck’s Serf Weed Tonic and Man
drake Pills. By the timely use of these medi
cines, according to directions. Dr. Schenck
certifies that most any case of Consumption
rpay be cured,
Dr. Schenck is professionally at his princi
pal office, corner Sixth and Arch streets,
Philadelphia, every Monday, where all letters
for advice must be addressed.
feb4-frsutu*cim
MEDICAL CARD.
DRS. R, & A. S. CAMPBELL.
HAVING RETURNED TO THE CITY, I
offer my professional services to the citizens
of Augusta and vicinity.
My son, Dr. A. 8. Campbell, is associated
with me in practice.
Office and residence No. 19 Mclntosh street,
between Broad and Reynolds,
ROBERT CAMPBELL, M. D.
In accordance with the above I have re
moved my office to No. 19 Mclntosh street.
feb2-2w A. SIBLEY CAMPBELL, M. D.
NATIONAL. EXCHANGE BANK, I
Augusta, Ga., January 23d, 1875. \
AT A MEETING OF THE BOARD OF
DIRECTORS, held this day, Mr. JOSEPHS.
BEAN.-SR., was elected to fill the office of
Cashier of thio Bank. ALFRED BAKER,
jan24-tf President,
CLOSING OUT SALE!
BY C. V. WALKER.
WILL sell on THURSDAY, February
4th, at 10 o’clock a. m., at the old
stand of J. McElrath, 313 Broad street, the
entire stock of Goods, consisting of DRY
GOODS, HATS, CLOTHING, NOTIONS,
&c„ &c. Sale without reserve. feb3-2
FOR SALE,
A FINE IRON SAFE, nearly new and in
perfect order.
Inquire at
NO. 253 BROAD STREET.
feb3-3
Boayd of Education.
ACCORDING to resolutions of the Board,
the members are requested to meet
at the Court House on next SATURDAY,
at 12 o’clock, for the consideration of ac
counts and hearing applications for exami
nation of Teachers.
JOHN T. SHEWMAKE,
feb3-2 President* B. E. R. C.
GIVING AWAY
DRY GOODS
For a Little Money.
LOOK! LISTEN! HEAR THIS!
WHEN you get through looking at
so-called Bargains go to POWELL
& MULLER’S and let your wants be sup
plied at satisfactory prices. According to
our custom we will take stock on the Ist of
March, and from now till then we will offer
our Entire Stock of
WINTER GOODS
Regardless of Cost, and our entire stock of
Notions, Hosiery & Fancy Goods
Preciselv at First Cost
DRESS GOODS, old price 25c, new price
10c; old price 50c, new price 15c; old price
60c, new price 25c; old price 75c, new price
35c; old price sl, new price 50c.
Shawls, Blankets, Furs, &c.,
Far below Cost. We shall continue our
sales from day to day till all the above
goods are sold.
POWELL & MULLER,
189 BROAD STREET.
feb2-tufr&sat
FARM WANTED.
ANY ONE having a Small FARM to rent,
near the city of Augusta, having a
small and comfortable dwelling thereon,
and who will rent the same on reasonable
terms, will please address “H.,”
feb2-3* At This Office.
NOTICE.
WE are now ready to wait on all of our
customers who wish anything in the
line of BOOTS and SHOES. Will use every
exertion to please in quality and in price.
feb2-2 W. S. ROYAL A CO.
FOR SALE.
One pair (not akin) of Thoroughbred
ESSEX PIGS, six months old. For further
information apply to
W. J. FREEMAN,
feb2-2* Southern Express Cos.
BARGAINS!
For REAL BARGAINS see
Christopher Gray & Cos.
THIS WEEK. Notwithstand
ing dull times, we are deter
mined to show the faay in
Prices.
We are about to give extra
ordinary inducements, and
will offer the following Goods
at bottom prices:
SHAWLS, Newest Styles
and Best Makes.
BLANKETS, tJASSIMERES,
JEANS and FLANNELS re
gardless of cost.
Ladies and Gent’s Under
wear, Hosiery, Handker
chiefs, Corsets, Ribbons, &c.,
25 per cent, below old prices.
Our Mr. CHRISTOPHER
GRAY has arrived and is de
termined to make prices to
suit the times.
COME AND SEE HIM.
jans-tf
NEW ADVERTISEMENTS.
Dissolution Notice.
THE firm of James A. Gray & Cos. is!
this day dissolved by mutual consent.
Mr. JAMES A. GRAY, having purchase-1 :
the interest of Mr. Delane in the firm, is
alone authorized to sign in liquidation.
JAMES A. GRAY,
\VM. DELANE.
Augusta, Ga., February 3d, 1875,
REFERRING to the above card, I would
respectfully inform the public I will
continue the DRY GOODS BUSINESS in all
its branches at the old stand, Nos. 194 and
196 Broad street, Augusta, Ga. *
JAMES A. GRAY.
IN withdrawing from the firm of James
A. Gray & Cos., I beg to thank the pub
lic for their liberal patronage and to solicit
a continuance of the same for mv late part
ner, JAMES A. GRAY.
WM. DELANE.
Augusta, Ga., February 3, 1875.
feb4-lw
NOTICE.
EDWARD T. MILLER has this day
made an Assignment to me of all his
stock in trade, accounts and ovidences of
debt, without preference, except such as
exist by operation of law. All persons
holding claims against him are requested
to present the same to me for classification
and payment pro rata.
F. M. STOVALL,
Assi^n66
February feb4-clm
TO RENT,
.A.N ELIGIBLE ROOM opposite the
“Constitutionalist” Office. Suitable for a
small store. Will be rented to a good tenant
at a moderate price. Call and examine.
feb4-lw
GROCERIES AT COST!
FROM THIS DATE, our entire stock of
MISCELLANEOUS GROCERIES are
OFFERED AT AND BELOW COST. Par
ties in search of Bargains will do well to
call immediately.
T. W. CARWILE & CO.
jan4-2
NOT AFRAID!
175,000 SALE!!
J. B. WHITE & Cos.
WILL offer on “CLEARANCE SALE,”
MONDAY MORNING, 25,000 vards
HAMBURGH EDGINGS and INSER
TIONS, the first importation of the season,
direct from “ St. Gaul.” These Embroid
ries are elegant in design, fine in texture
and of the latest styles.
J. B. WHITE & Cos.
Are prepared to dispose of their entire line
of BLACK and COLORED SILKS at phices
that will induce immediate purchase.
J. B. WHITE & Cos.
Also purpose CLOSING OUT, regardless
of loss, 100 pieces DESIRABLE DRESS
GOODS from “ sc. per yard.”
J. B. WHITE & Cos.
Will also exhibit for sale 150 pieces ALL
WOOL FLANNELS, in all styles, at a dis
count of 50 per cent, from original prices.
J. B. WHITE & Cos.
Intend giving on MONDAY MORNING, to
I purchasers for cash, an opportunity to buy
BLEACHED SHIRTINGS at sc. per yard.
Retail only.
J. B. WHITE & Cos.
J Are prepared to sell 175 Dozen CORSETS,
I in all sizes and make?, from the “ Courtier”
at 50c. to the “ Queen ” at $6.
J. B. WHITE & Cos.
i Have just concluded stock taking and take
this method of offering Goods at LOW
PRICES, to return thanks to their many
friends who have enabled them to arrive at
' the conclusion of a satisfactory six month’s
! business. jan3l-lw
WARRANTED
MM GARDEN SID!
WE HAVE reeoived from reliable
seed growers our stock of GARDEN
SEED, comprising ail the popular varieties,
and offer them, either in quantity or small
papers, at moderate prices.
ONION SETS,
WHITE SILVER SKIN,
DANVER’S YELLOW.
The Postal Law enables us to send pack
ages of Seed not weighing over four
pounds through the mail at 8 cents pel
pounds
Send for Seed Circulars. Order’s promptly
and faithfully filled.
R‘ ANEY & DURBAN.
-Druggists,
jan!s-tf 200 Bioad street.
DIRECT IMPORTATION !
m *
5 Casks Rhine Wine
FOR sale in quantities to suit purchasers.
Also,
200 CASKS BREMER LAGER BEER,
In bottles, for sale by the cask or dozen.
I have a few kegs VIENNA and BOHE
MIAN LAGER BEER which I will have on
draught for a few days only, all the above
is of my own importation.
C. SPAETH,
Comer Jackson and Telfair streets.
jan3l-lw _
PIANO! ORGAN
EMPORIUM.
Augusta Music House,
205 BROAD STREET,
GEO, O. ROBINSON & CO.,
Order and Receive Music Every Day.
THE LATEST PUBLICATIONS.
Music Books, Sheet Music unit Musical
Merchandise gent by Express or mail
post paid.
A COMPLETE assortment of PIANOS
and ORGANS, of the best Makers, at
the Lowest Factory Prices, for Cash, Part
Cash, amd Monthly Payments. Also:
Violins, Guitars, Flutes, Flutinas,
Clarionets, Picolas, Flageolots, Banjos,
Zither, Accordeons, Concertinas, Cornets,
Harmonicas, Fifes, Tamborines, Diums,
Musical Albums, Music Boxes,
Violincellos, Double Bass,
Silver Instruments, Brass, Instruments,
Tuning Forks, Tuning Pipes,
Cavalry Bugles, Triangles,
Piano Stools, Piano Covers,
Music Stands, Music Folios,
Music Books, Sheet Music,
New Songs, New Music,
Italian Strings, and every variety of
MUSICAL MERCHANDISE,
j an3l-suwefrtf
O. E. DODD A CO.,
219 BROAD STREET.
OPPOSITE CENTRAL HOTEL.
You will find a nice lin e of
Men’s, Boys’ and Child’s Hats
and Caps.
nov2-tf
DR. M. J. BOLAN
HAS taken an Office over Barrett & Cas
well’s Store, corner Broad and Camp
bell streets, where he can be found lay t
Night, when not professionally engag ul .
Office Consultations, II a.m. to 1 p. m.
jan3l-lw
NEW ADVERTISEMENTS.
BUSEY’S
“EXCELSIOR
GUANO,”
COMPOSED OF
Dissolved Bones, 1,300 lbs.
Peruvian Guano, 600 “
Muriate of Soda, 100 “
(Patent-*!.)
I CLAIM for the above Fertilizer that it is
richer in the elements valuable to
the Cotton Planter than any article sold in
Georgia or the Carolinas. To establish this
claim I refer to analyses of the best Agri
cultural Chemists in the country,Dr.Liebig,
of Baltimore; Prof. Shepard, Inspector of
Fertilizers for the State of South Carolina;
also to Col. Rains, Inspector at Augusta.
I refer to Planters who have tested it with
almost every article known in the market.
In many instances using two pounds to one
against me. I claim it is the
CHEAPEST,
though high priced, because in each pound
of it there is as much valuable material as
in two pounds of any of the cheap rock
phosphates. IT IS DRYER. FINER,
LIGHTER, AND CONTAINS LESS MOIS
TURE. It contains more ORGANIC MAT
TER, being made of Bones and Guano,
and not of Rock Phosphate, The Phos
phate of Lime in it is better than that ob
tained from rocks, and is taken up by the
roots of plants more readily.
RESULT
OF ANALYSIS OF A SAMPLE OF AM
MONIA SUPERPHOSPHATE OF LIME
presented me by W. G. Busey, Esq.:
Moisture, det. at 100° F 6,462
Organic and vol. matter 48,708
Capable of producing Amm0nia..4.075
Inorganic earthy matter—,... 44,830
Containing of Alkaline Salts 2,489
“ Soluble Phosphoric
Acid 7,240
Containing of Precipitated Phos
phoric Acid 4,786
Containing of Insoluble Phospho
ric Acid 2.216
Or,
Bone Phosphate of Lime Ren
dered Soluble 15.805
Bone Phosphate of Lime Render
ed Soluble and Pkecipitated..lo,44B
Undecomposed 4,836
Total decomposed Phosphates 26,253
G. A. LIEBIG.
Labaratoby of the Medical College, )
Queen Stbeet, J-
Charleston, S. C., March 15, 1870. )
Analysis No. 348, for Messrs. G. W. Wil
liams & Cos.
MATERIAL—BUSEY’S EXCELSIOR, (Sam
ple personally selected.)
Moisture, (expelled at 212° F.)—19.25 p. c.
Organic Matter, (expelled at a low
red heat.) 30.25 “
Phosphoric Acid— 14.17 p. c.
Of which is soluble, 7.22 p. c.
Alkalies, (as Chlorides) 5.05 “
Sulphuric Acid 11.76 “
Lime 16.52 “
Sand 3.17 “
Mixed Ingredients 50.50
100.00
Ammonia in the Organic Matter,
(by decomposition) 4.25 p. c.
p. o.
6.95 Insoluble Phosphoric Acid=ls,l7 Bone
Phosphate of Lime.
7.22 Soluble Phosphoric Acid=ll.7o Solu
ble Phosphate of Lime.
Carbonic Acid =Carbonate of Lime.
11.76 Sulphuric Acid-=25.28 Sulphate of
Lime.
T. 22 Soluble Phosphoric Acid=ls.76 Bone
Phosphate of Lime dissolved.
aar a splendid fertilizer.
[Signed],
CHARLES W. SHEPARD, Jr.. M. D..
Inspector of Fertilizers for South Carolina.
[Copy.]
Beech Island, January 28th, 1875.
IF. G. Busey, Esq., Aiken, S. CL
Dear Sir : Yours of the 26th at hand. In
regard to your inquiries about Guano, I do
not think I gave BUSEY’S GUANO a fair
trial. I put half as much of it to the acre
as 1 did of Cotton Food, the results were
about the same, i thought it stronger than
the Cotton Food and put less.
Respectfully,
JONATHAN M. MILLER,
Box 573, Augusta, Ga.
Gunns Mills, Ga., January 26th, 1875.
IV. G. Busey, Aiken, 8. C.:
Sir : I have been asked ray opinion in re
gard to BUSEY’S “ EXCELSIOR GUANO,”
and in reply will say I used it ou my last
year’s crop of cotton, with other standard
Fertilizers, but I never found any of them
equal to the BUSEY’S. lam satisfied it is a
No. 1 article, and expect to give it the
preference the present year.
Respectfully,
B. E. BARKSDALE.
Augusta, Ga., January 27th, 1875.
IV. G. Busey, Aiken, S. O’:
Dear Sir: Yours just received. I pur
chased from Daniel fc Rowland, last Spring,
two tons BUShY’S and am well pleased
with the results. On nineteen acres of thin
sandy land I made nine bales of cotton.
Land measured and cotton sold to Daniel
& Rowland. Very truly,
JOSEPH A. HILL.
Augusta, Ga., January 27, 1875.
TV. G. Busey, Esq., Aiken, S. C.
Dear Sir : In reply to your inquiry as
to the effect of your “EXCELSIOR
GUANO ” last season, I state that I used
about 150 pounds per acre, on 25 acres of
poor worn-out land. The result was four
teen (14) bales of cotton, averaging 415
pounds each. I consider it in every re
spect, a first-class Fertilizer.
Very respectfully,
M. A. RANSOM.
Barnett, Ga., January 28, 1875.
Dear Sir: I used 700 pounds of your
Guano on fifteen acres of laud, which made
8 bales of cotton, weighing 466 pounds. I
consider it a first-class Guano.
Respectfully, J. H. WALKER.
Warrenton, Ga., January 28, 1875.
Mr. TV. G. Busey.
I was very much pleased with the Guano
bought of Daniel & Rowland—" BUSEY’S
EXCELSIOR,” and expect to use it again
this year if I can get it.
Very truly, yours,
THOMAS L. WHEELER.
Barnett, Ga., January 27, 1875.
Dear Sib : I used one ton of your Guano
last year. I have used sever.il other kinds
of Guano, but think yours did better than
any I have ever tried. Respectfully,
J. A. TAYLOR.
Barnett, Ga., January 27,1875.
This is to certify that I have used
“BUSEY’S EXCELSIOR” GUANO for sev
eral years past, and from actual test with
fifteen different kinds, I do not hesitate to
pronounce it fully equal to any, if not the
very best, of all the manipulated Guanos
used by mvself since the war.
W. H. PILCHER.
Barnett. Ga., January 30, 1875.
Dear Sir : 1 used your Guano last year,
and liked it as well as any 1 have ever used;
think it a first-class Guano.
Respectfully, J. F. HUBERT.
Barnett, Ga., January 29, 1875.
TV. G. Busey, Esq.
Dear Sib : I consider your “ EXCEL
SIOR GUANO ” a most excellent manure.
Yours, truly, etc.,
M. H. HUBERT.
Barnett, Ga., January 28,1875.
TV. G. Busey, Ksq.
Dear Sib: Yours to hand asking my tes
timonial of your Guano. I used it in the
year 1872, and I thought it was the best I
ever used in my life, making the best yield
I had ever received from any Fertilizer. 1
used last year one ton, and while it did
well, not so well as before; but it was
owing to seasons. If it is kept to its origi
nal standard, I think it one of if not the
best I have ever found for my land.
Respectfully, T. J. PILCHER.
Barnett, Ga., January 27, 1875.
TV. G. Busey, Esq.
Dear Sib : Your favor requesting the re
sult of your Guano on my cotton crop last
season is at hand. I made no test with
other commercial manures last season, but
tested it with two different brands two
years ago, and the result was greatly in
favor of your Guano, and I was equally as
well pleased with it last season, and judg
ing from test rows that it enhanced the
value of this crop considerably. The exces
sively hot weather in August proved fatal
in this vicinity. To those wishing to use
Guano, I feel no delicacy in coiymending it
as a first-class Fertilizer, to bf excelled by
none Respectfully,
THOMAS ALLEN.
W- O• 13 U^EY,
GEORGETOWN, D. 0.
DANIEL <&
AGENTS, Augusta, Ga.
feb3-tf /
1
NEW ADVERTISEMENTS.
BALTIMC BE FEMALE COLLEGE.
Incorporated in 1849 with authority to con
fer degrees, and endowed by the State o*.
Maryland in 1860. The College is beauti
fully situate*i in a grove, within the city
limits, on a lofty eminence that commands
a view of the country, the city, and river
and bay for laany miles. The College las
a good library, chemical and philosophies,
apparatus, cabinets of minerals, medals,
coins, gems, Ac., and the course of instruc
tion is thorough. Board and tuition $250
per annum. N ’ C ’ BROOJvb president.
D OLL AR S
TO THE AMOUNT OF TWO MILLION
FIVE HUNDRED THOUSAND are to be
distributed on the 27th FEBRUAJiI by the
PUBLIC LIBRARY OF KENTUCKY .upon
the occasion of their FIFTH AND LAhl
CONCERT.
Drawing Certain or Money Refunded.
One Grand Cash Gift,... *
One Grand Gift *• 100,000
One Grand C ash Gitt. 75,1*00
One Grand Cash Gift. §O,OOO
One Grand Cash Gift. . 25,000
5 v. ash Gif ts, $20,000 each 100 '999
10 Cash Gifts, 14,000 each 140,000
15 Cash Gifts, 10,000 each 150,000
20 Cash Gifts, 5,000 each 100,000
25 Cash Gifts, 4,000 each
30 Cash Gifts. 3,000 each 90,000
50 Cash Gifts, 2,00: each 100,000
100 Cash Gifts, 1,000 each 100,000
240 Cash Gifts, 500 each 120,000
500 Cash Gifts, 100 each 50,000
19,000 Cash Gilts, 50 each 950,000
♦
Whole Tickets. $ 0. Halves. $25. Tenth, or
each Coupon, $5, Eleven W hole Tickets, SSOO.
For tickets, or information, address
THO. E. BRAMLETTE,
Agent and Manager Louisville, Ky.
PUBLIC LIBRARY OF KENTUCKY.
Dtalh of Gov. liruinlrUe—Action of the
Trustees—A Successor Appointed—No
More Postponements—Drawing Ccitain
February 37th.
At a meeting of the Trustees of the Public
Library of Kentucky, January 16, 1875, it
was rcsolved*tbat C. M. Briggs, Esq., who
under the late Hon. Tho. E. Bramlette \ as
the real Business Manager of the Gift
Concerts already given in aid of the Public
Library of Kentucky, be and he is hereby
authorized to take the place made vacant
by the death of said Bramlette. in the man
:igement of the affairs of the filth and last
gift concert, and that the drawing an
nounced for February 27, 1875, shall posi
tively and unequivocally take place on that
day without any further postponement or
delay on any account whatever.
R. T. DCRRETT. President.
John S. Cain, Secretary.
Hereafter all communications relating to
the Fifth Concert should be addressed to
the undersigned, and I pledge myself that
the drawing shall come off February 27th
or that every dollar paid for tickets shall
b© returned#
C. M. BRIGGS, Agent and Manager,
Room 4 Public Library Building,
Louisville, Kv.
HUSBAND’S
Calcined Magnesia
Is free from unpleasant tastes, or rough
ness to the touch or palate. In one-third
the dose of common magnesia it relieves
Sick-Head iche, Sour Stomach, Costiveness,
| and other diseases of the stomach and
■ bowels. The World’s Fair Medal and four
; First Premium Silver Medals awarded it as
the best in the market. For sale by
I dt up-gists and country storekeepers, and bv
T. J. HUSBAND. Jr„ Philadelphia, Pa.
r
4 DVKRTISIXG: Cheap: Good: SySte
matic. All persons who contemplate
making contracts with newspapers lor the
insertion of advertisements, should send
; 45 Cent# to Geo. P. Rowell & Cos., 41 Park
Row, New York, for their PAMPHLET
BOOK ( ninety-seventh edition containing
; lists of over 2,000 newspapers and estimates,
' showing the cost. Advertisements taken
for leading papers in many States at a tre
; mendous reduction from publishers’ ra es.
Get the Book.
Q’yfT A WEEK to Agents to sell a-,
bp |ZJ article saleable as /.our. Profit
immense. Package free. Audre-s
BUCKEYE MANUFACTURING CO..
Marion, Ohio.
ionn a math to agents everywhere. Address
v>4UU EXOELsIOR M’F’G CO.. Buchanan.
Mich.
£.7 to per Day Pa Ladies or Gent-.
V lu V IU Patent Nov-elti. S. Addr ,
H. D. BRIER A CO.. Atlanta. Ga.
u TPSYCHOMANCY, OR SOUL CHARM
-1 ING.” How either sex may fasci
nate and gain the love and affection of anv
person they choose, instantly. This art a:
can possess, free, by mail, for 25 cents;
together with a Marriage Guide, Egyptian
Oracle, Diearns, Hints to Ladies, etc. 1,000,-
000 sold. A queer book. Address
T. WILLIAM A CO„ Pub’s, Philadelphia.
fill! 4 ft—The choicest in the world Im-
I Hi l\ \ porters’ prices—Largest eompanv
1 iJilkJin America—staple artu-le-pleases
everybody—Trade continually increasing -
Agents wanted everywhere—best induce
ments—don’t waste time—send for Circular
to Bobebt Wells, 43 Yesey St.. N. Y\,
P. O. Box 1287.
<f* R 3 <P'YA per day at home. Terms free,
in Address, Geo. Stinson & Cos,
Portland. Me.
fB/WV A WEEK guaranteed to Male
B / and Female Agents, in tucir lo
.ra B B eality. Costs NOTHING to try
M 9 M M it. Particulars Free.
F. O. VICKERY & CO.. Augusta, Me.
aprs-suwdfr&c-tf
Deputy Collector's Sale.
WILL be sold on SATURDAY, the 13th
inst., before the “Auction Store of
Messrs. Bignon & Crump,” between the
usual hours of sale, in the city of Augusta,
seven Quarter Boxes and three Cadies of
Tobacco, purporting to have come from
Factory No. 6, of 6th District of Virginia,
R. K. Flanagan, Proprietor, said Tobacco
having been seized for violation of Section
67 of the Internal Revenue Laws of the
United States, and having been dulv ad
vertised according to law.
J. M. RICE,
February 2, 1875. Deputy Collector.
feb3-10t '
GUANOS.
WE have for sale the following cele
brated GUANOS:
BUSBY'S EYCEL.SIOR,
THE ETI WAV,
THE WASDO,
THE COTTOS FOOD.
DANIEL & ROWLAND.
feb‘2-2w
WANTED!
A SITUATION AS TEACHER (English
Branches and Primary Latin), or a
Clerkship in some office, bv a voung man
who is willing and expects io l oork. Refer
ences given. Address P. O. BOX,
leb3-lw Williston, S. C.
A CARD.
Augusta, Ga., January 23d, 1875.
Having accepted the Cashiership of
the NATIONAL EXCHANGE BANK, of
this city, I respectfully solicit from my
friends their patrongae for that institution.
jan24-8 J. S. BEAN.
.Fall and Winter, 1874!
C. J. T. BALK,
J No. 136 Broad, below Monument Street,
HAS NOW IN STORE a full assortment
of Dry Goods for Fall and Winter.
Great bargains in Jeans and Cassimeres.
Great bargains in Black Alpacas.
Good Black Silk at $1 per yard.
Velveteens, In black and colors, from 60c.
up; 1,000 Ladies’ Felt Skirts, tho cheapest
I in town, the best 25c. Towel in the city;
I Cotton Goods lower than ever; 500 dozen
Coats’ Taread, at 70c. per dozen; the best
assortment of Calicoes, Bed Ticking, Blan
kets. Lirseys, Flannels, etc., cheap. Look
for No. :136 Broad street, between Monu
ment and Centre street. Special induce
ments to wholesale buyers. Orders care
fully attended to. My one price system
(prices being marked In plain figures] s**-
cures the same advantages to the most in
experienced buyers as to the best judges ol
Dry Goods. Goods cheerfully shown ami
samples given. 0. J. T. BALK,
sepA-suwsfrtl