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THE CONSTITUTIONALIST.
Jas. Q. Bailie, Francis Coein, Geo T Jackson,
PROPRIETORS.
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On and after this date (April 21, 1875) all
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ed in, unless otherwise stipulated.
Correspondence invited .from all sources,
and valuable special news paid for if used.
Rejected communications will not be relum
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nications, or articles written on both sides.
Monty may be remitted at our risk by Ex
j.rrss or postal order.
All letters should be addressed to
H. C. STEVENSON, Manager,
Augusta, Ga.
Gov. Kellogg, of Louisiana, is trying
his ’prentice hand at “reform.” Rather
late in the day, Governor.
The work of Moody and Sankey in
England has developed great and sub
stantial encouragement to the Young
Men’s Christian Association of London,
as our foreign dispatches testify.
Members of the gallant old Third
Georgia Regiment will be delighted to
learn by authority,'' this morning, that
there is no “ Yellow Jack ” at Norfolk,
and so they can go to that place with
perfect safety and eat soft crabs ad lib.
“Crooked” Revenue officials are be
ing brought to grief. There seems to
have been an immense auiouut of fraud
in this branch of Government service
and all who .have been making money
illegitimately out of Uncle Samuel had
better look out for squalls, as the
Avenger is abroad.
We publish an extract from the News
and Courier upon the railroad pooling
business, and how the South Carolina
Road is thrown off from its connections
with the Augusta, Columbia and Char
lotte. Governor Brown has called the
Pooling Ring together to meet to-mor
row at Atlanta, we believe, for the pur
pose of makiDg peace, if possible.
The clerical party at Madrid, from
all accounts which have reached us,
are pursuing a very unwise course to
wards the Protestant residents of that
city. An attempt to exclude Bibles and
make the Protestants uncomfortable
thereby is a violation of religious lib
erty, and only begets sympathy for the
persecuted party. If the Protestant
residents have acted in an illegal man
ner, or at all in contrariety to Spanish
customs, we have not heard of it. Big
otiy is a bad thing in men and nations.
MONDAMIN.
July Report of the Corn Crop.
Washington, July 20.—July returns
to the Department of Agriculture show
that the acreage in corn is about 8 per
cent, greater than last year. New Eng
land has reduced her acreage about
I\.< per cent, and the Pacific States
about 1 per cent. Ail the great corn
growing regious have increased their
acreage: The Middle States 2 per cent..,
the South Atlantic States 3 per cent.,
the Gulf States 10 per cent., the inland
Southern States 12 per cent., the States
north of the Ohio 7 per cent., and the
States west of the Mississippi 14
per cent. The condition of the crop
is below an average in the New Eng
land, Middle and South Atlantic States,
the minimum condition, 82, being in
Rhode Island. Florida and Alabama
are also below the average, but the oth
er Gulf States and the inland Southern
States are above the maximum, 112
being in Mississippi. All the other
States, except Missouri, which is 103,
are below the average, the minimum
condition, 82, being in Wisconsin.
REVENUE FRAUDS.
“Crooked” Officials Put in the Pillory.
Louisville, July 20.—The revenue
officers concluded their examination of
affairs in the Collector’s office. They
make out a defalcation of $82,900. They
think Jackson has been stealing for
years, but the bulk taken was on Feb
ruary last. There is n o trace of the
disposition of the money.
St. Louis, July 20. — The following in
dictments were found : McDonald, late
Supervisor, and Joyce, revenue agent,
charged with receiving unlawful fees
and fou violations of duties and powers.
They were bailed in $5,000. Rudolph
A. Ulrie, for not effacing stamps—bail,
$3,000 ; D. A. West atid Wra. Hunicke,
*>o,000; Lewis Heilman, $1,000; B. A.
Ergleke and John L. Butneeker, $5,000.
■ i—i
FROM NEW ORLEANS.
Gov. Kellogg Criticises Government
Officials.
New Orleans, July 20.—Gov. Kellogg
has addressed a letter to the Attorney
General in closing a report of experts
appointed by him to examine the Col
lector’s office, in which he says : “In
vestigations that have taken place be
fore both civil and criminal courts, and
in the investigation and report of State
examiners, disclose gross culpability on
the part of other persons whose acts
have injured the State, and for years
have cast discredit ofi the Government.
I respectfully call your attention to the
record in this respect, and request
that you will immediately take prompt
measures to bring to justice all those
who have been guilty of defrauding
the State, as disclosed by these in
quiries.”
ROBERT DALE OWEN.
His Daughter Explains the Cause of
His Insanity.
New Y ore, July 20.—A daughter of
Robert Dale Owen, in a letter to the
Post , says the cause of the calamity
which has overtaken her father is an
overworked brain, he having persisted
in writing in spite of his physician’s
warnings. She has watched her father
through all his change with great care
and anxiety, and she sees no founda
tion for the assertion that the “ Katie
King” affair is the causeof his insanity;
that it was mortifying and vexing to
him is undoubtedly true and for a week
or two it did throw a cloud over his
buoyant, hopeful temperament, but
that was all.
FOREIGN DISPATCHES.
The Sultan (lets His Back Up—Ma
rine Disaster —Team Items.
Constantinople, July 20.—The Turk
ish Government has ordered the Gov
ernor of the Province of Bosnia to dis
patch troops against the insurgents in
Herzegovina.
London, July 20.—The bark J. L.
Wickwire, from Darien, Ga., and bound
for Shields, has put into St. Thomas,
water-logged and disabled.
The Daily Telegraph says that Rus
sia has officially announced her inten
tion of withdrawing her proposal for a
continuance of the Brussels conference.
The Captains of the British, Irish
and Scotch Eights, in a letter to the
Council, expressed the hope that the
various suggestions for a match will
lead not only to a contest between the
Teams of the United States and United
Kingdom, hereafter, but will insure an
nnuual competition at Wimbledon for
the championship of the world.
Dorregaray Reconcentrates His Ar
mies and Pursues the Alfonsists.
London, July 20. — The Carlists claim
that General Dorregaray reconcen
trated the whole Carlist army and en
tered the province of Lerida, and that
the Alfonsists have retreated from Vit
toria and Alava with several Carlist
divisions in pursuit.
The Wheat Market.
The Mark Lane Express this week
says in France wheat has advanced in
the provinces from 1 to 3 shillings,
ami in Paris 1 shilling 6 cts. Flour has
advanced 2 shillings per sack here.
We have yet to learn the
full extent of the advance. Before the
heaviest rains there was an occasional
rise of one to two shillings. Last
week’s sales were only 3,214 quarters
above those of the same week in 1874.
Every market is so scantily supplied
that we seem to be on the borders of
exhaustion, though from the lowest
point our averages show a rise of three
shillings and live pence. In Belgium
and Holland there has been a moderate
rise. Even in Germany, with good
prospects, prices are somewhat dear ;
while in Hungary, where the crop is
enormous, they are also dear.
China News—The Spanish Constitu
tion-Effect of Moody and Sankey’s
Work.
Shanghai, Ju ! y 20.—1 tis stated that
the Government of China proposes to
send an embassy to England relative
to the murder of Mr. Morgary.
Madrid, July 20.—Tne Constutional
Committee, by a vote of 26 against 71,
rejected an amendment to the new
Constitution in opposition to the prin
ciples of religious liberty.
London, July 20.—A few gentlemen
while breakfasting with Mr. Graham, a
former member of Parliament, opened
a subscription with $125,000 to build a
Young Men’s Christian Association Hall
here.
Religious Persecution at Madrid —
Honors to American Seamen in Rus
sian Waters.
Santander, J uly 20.— The recent deten
tion of Protestant books by customs
authorities here is believed to be a part
bf a coercive scheme to force active
Protestauts to leave Spain. This plan,in
spired by prominent persons in Madrid,
is being executed here by the clergy
and the civil government, who hope,
by redirect pressure, to expel the resi
dent American Evangelical Minister.—
The impression also prevails that the
Madrid Government hopes to conciliate
the Papal Nuncio and the moderates
with this underhanded persecution,
while apparently pursuing a liberal
policy regarding public worship.
Military precautions-are being taken
in the large cities against a Republican
uprising.
St. Petersburg, July 20.—The Amer
ican squadron which has been visiting
this city has sailed for home. Admiral
Worden and his officers were brilliant
ly entertained during their stay here.
The Czar accompanied the admiral to
Cronstadt, on his departure.
Cardinal McCloskey is Going to Rome.
Florence, July 20.— The Journal of
this city says Cardinal McCloskey is
expected to arrive in Rome next Sep
tember to receive the Cardinal’s hat
from the hands of the Pope, and many
American ecclesiactics will accompany
him.
Tne Franeo-Euglisli Tunnel.
Versailles, July 20. —The Assembly,
after disposing of the budget, will take
up the bill relative to the proposed tun
nel between France and England. A
private bill in reference to the same
project has already passed the British
House of Commons, and is now before
the Lords. The committee of the As
sembly has resolved to report in lavor
of a recess from August Bth to Novem
ber 16th.
Grand Presbyterian Council.
London, July 20. —The Council of
Delegates from all the Presbyterian
churches in Christendom met in Regent
square to-day and opened session.—
Many representatives of the American
and Canadian churches were present.
The object of the Council is to demon
strate the unity of belief among Pro
testants, to arrange mission work, to
concentrate the influence of the Church
upon educational and social reform,
and organize resistance to infidelity
and religious intolerance.
FROM PORTSMOUTH.
No Yellow Fever—Good News for the
Third Georgia Regiment.
Portsmouth, Va., July 20,1875.
To Hon. George M. Robeson, Secretary
of the Navy, Washington, TANARUS). C.:
As various reports are published in
Northern papers affecting the health of
Norfolk and vicinity, I have to report
the health of this locality unusually
excellent for the season, and that there
has been no case of yellow fever here
for nearly twenty years. This infor
mation is derived from the health offi
cers of the two cities. Upon investi
gation I find that, no medical officer
attached to this station has ever writ
ten, privately or otherwise, that there
was a case of fever here.
(Signed) T. H. Stevens,
Commodore Commanding.
FINANCIAL.
The Bankers’ Convention.
Saratoga, J uly 20.—At the Bankers’
Convention there are six hundred dele
gates. C. B. Hall, of Boston, is Presi
dent. Vice-Presiden‘s will be named
by delegations from each State repre
sented; Secretary, Jas. T. Kowenstein,
of St. Louis; Treasurer, A. N. Sherman,
of New York. A Committee on Reso
lutions was appointed, to whom all
1 resolutions offered will be referred
without debate. Resolutions on specie
payments, national usury laws and re
demption bills were introduced and re
ferred. Adjourned,
AUGUSTA. GA... WEDNESDAY MORNING, JULY 31, 1875.
FROM WASHINGTON.
Appointments—lnvestigating Indian
Affairs —Postal Defalcations.
Washington, July 20. —Major Chas.
J. Sprague has been ordered to report
to the Commanding General of the De
partment of the Gulf for duty as Chief
Paymaster of that department, not
later than the Ist of October.
Messrs. Faulkner, of “West Virginia ;
Harris, of Massachusetts, and Fletch
er of Missouri, a special commission to
investigate Prof. Marsh’s report, con
vened at the Fifth Avenue Hotel.—
Fletcher is Chairman. Indian Commis
sioner Smith and Prof. Marsh are in
attendance. Witnesses have been sum
moned.
Attorney General Pierrepont has re
ceived a personal note from the Presi
dent to revoke the order removing Dis
trict Attorney Fisher.
Defaulting mail contractor Matthew
Draper, who failed on the Vicksburg
and New Orleans route, had deposited
as forfeit $1,639. The department has
sent the certified check for collection.
This is the first instance of such for
feiture.
The Postmaster has commenced suit
against the bondsmen of over 40 de
faulting contractors.
Wm. Small has been appointed special
agent of the Post Office Department
for the money order business.
The Rosy Judge—Naval Intelligence.
Judge Lochrane, of Georgia, had a
long interview with the Attorney Gen
eral and proceeded North.
Rear Admiral Alony, commanding the
North Pacific Station, in a dispatch to
the Navy dated Honolulu,
June 24, reports the return of the Tus
carora on the 20th of that month, from
the Samoan Islands. Her cruise had
been successful, as also the mission of
Colonel Steinberger. The Tuscarora
made several casts of soundings be
tween Upola Island and Duke of Clar
ence Island. After slight repairs she
was to sail for San Francisco, anl it
was expected she would arrive there
the latter part of July.
Rear Admiral Collins arrived at Cal
lao in the Richmond, June 25, officers
and crew all well.
SOUTHERN OARSMEN.
The New Orleans Regatta—The
Charleston Boys Come in Second.
New Orleans, July 20.— the rowing
regatta at Milneburg, on Lake Pon
chartrain, was a great success. Fifteen
thousand persons witnessed the race.
The single scull shell race was won by
Henry C. Cheves, of Charleston, by
three lengths, R. G. Musgrove, of the
St. John’s Club, coming in second,
Owen Reilly, of the Orleans, third, P.
J. Gillen, of the Orleans, fourth, M.
Dallas, of the Southerns, fifth, and L.
W. Perkins, of the St. John’s Club,
sixth. The four-oared shell race was
won by the St. John Club, the Howard
Club coming in second, the Pelican Club
third. The four-oared gig race was
won by the Riversides by six lengths,
the Hope coming in second, the How
ard third, the Southerns fourth, the Or
leans fifth, and the St. John sixth. The
four-oared shell race was won by the
Riversides, the Charleston crew coming
in second, the Orleans third, the Hope
fourth, the Howard fifth, the Pelican
sixth and the St. John seventh, the
race being won by six lengths.
NATIONAL COTTON CONVENTION.
Informal Proceedings—List of Ex
changes Represented—Gens. John
ston, Toombs and Gilmer Invited
to Participate.
Greenbrier White Sulphur Springs,
W. Va., July 20.—An informal meeting
held to-day by delegates to the Na
tional Cotton Convention at the Green
brier White Sulphur Springs, W. Y T a.
President John Phelps, of the New
Orleans Cotton Exchange, called the
meeting to order and stated that iu
consequence of a break upon the Chesa
peake and Ohio road and detention of
many delegates on their way to the
Convention, it would be impractica
ble to appoint a business committtee. In
advance of the regular opening, the
Secretary, Mr. John S. Tout, of Mem
phis, read a list of Cotton Exchanges
which would be represented in the
Convention, by which it appeared that
the Association has been joined since
its last meeting by the Exchanges of
Shreveport, La., Nashville, Tenn., Nor
folk, Va., and Selma, Ala. Each of these
are entitled to two delegates, according
to classifications adopted last year. The
following Cotton Exchanges would be
represented this year iu the Convention:
Mobile, Alabama; Charleston, S. C.-; Sa
vannah, Ga.; New Orleans, La.; Mem
phis, Tenn.; Baltimore, Md.; Boston,
Mass.; Selma, Ala.; Montgomery, Ala.;
Norfolk, Y T a.; Augusta, Ga.; Nashville,
Tenn.; Wilmington, N. C.; Charlotte, N.
C.; Cincinnati, O.; St. Louis, Mo.; New
York; Philadelphia; Athens, Ga.; Gal
veston, Texas; and Louisville, Ky.
The total number of delegates will be
between 90 and 100, of whom New Or
leans has the most, 14 ; Savannah, New
York and Memphis being next in order.
The President, having been notified
that GeD. Joe Johnston, Hon. Robert
Toombs and Gen. Gilmer, of Georgia,
were sojourning at the Springs, stated
the fact to the meeting, and it was re
solved unanimously to invite them to
participate in the regular deliberations
of the meeting, which wiil take place
at 11 a. m. to-morrow.
THE DEMON OF FLAME.
Destruction of a Kentucky Distillery.
Cincinnati, July 20.— This morning
the distillery of H. T. Josper.in Coving
ton, Kentucky was burned, together
with three hundred and four barrels of
whiskey and two thousand bushels of
malt. Loss $50,000 ; insured for $25,-
000 in Cincinnati companies.
Accident to Firemen at Cincinnati.
Cincinnati, July 20. —Block & Co.’s
printing office and W. W. Donald &
Son’s lithograph establishment were
burned this morning. While the fire
men were still at work the walls were
thrown down by an explosion of gas.
Seven men, including the Chief Engi
neer, were in the ruins. The Chief En
gineer was first rescued insensible, but
it is thought his injuries are not fatal.
The others were soon after taken out,
all more or less injured, only two fatal
ly. Three other men were severely in
jured by flying missiles. Dick Hol
comb was found dead In the ruins.
Loss from $50,000 to $60,000.
Omaha, July 20.—Thirteen miners
and four wagons were captured 45
miles north of Fort Laramie en route
to the Black Hills, Friday last, and
brought into the fort on parole. Seven
hundred and fifty warriors left here
for Salt Lalfe City last evening.
Palmyra, July 20. —The break in the
Erie canal here has been repaired.
EMORY COLLEGE.
Commencement Exercises—Sophomore
Day—The Declaimers —The Societies
—Prominent Personages Present —A
Venerable Methodist Divine—Ru
mored Appointment. -
[Correspondence of the Constitutionalist.]
Oxford, Ga., July 19—p. m.
To-day has been, in the exercises of
the commencement of Emory College,
“Sophomore Day.” Quite a number of
visitors came down on the train from
Atlanta at 9 a. m., accompanied by a
fine brass band composed of young
men from Stone Mountain, which fur
nishes the music for the occasion.
The church where the exercises are
held was neatly festooned with arbor
vitas and vines. By 10 a. m. the seats
in the body of the edifice were filled
with the numerous friends of the
“sophs” and the college, the fair sex
largely predominating, and by their
presence and plaudits encouraging the
rising young students. The attend
ance, however, was not so large as I
expected to see, but this is the first
day and greater interest c intres on the
two following days.
There were ten young men of the
Sophomore Class,
who declaimed this morning, taking se
lections from the speeches or writings
of men prominent in the world. Each
one handled his subject well, and show
ed high culture in its delivery. They
seemed to throw their whole souls in
the work before them, and spoke as
though they were delivering original
matter. While each had his style—no
two delivering alike —yet each showed
he was master of the art of declaiming,
and no one had to be prompted. The
two societies in the college—the Few
and Phi Gamma —were represented,
the former by six and the latter by four
Speakers.
The following are the names of each,
with their selections : John W. Aiken,*
Cartersville, “ Pompeii Wm. J. Camp
bell,! Oxford, Ga., “ Flogging in the
Navy,” (Stockton); Paul F. Connally,*
Atlanta, “Unhappy Erin,” (Bard); Silas
N. Connally,! Atlanta, and
Coercion,” (B. H. Hill); T. H. Jeffries,!
Atlanta, “Patriotism,” (Josiah Quincy,
Jr.); Jas. M. Moore,! Atlanta, “Liberty
and Revolution, (Bard); John D. Pilch
er,* Warrentou, “Official Integrity,”
(Knowles); Jas. YV. Roberts,! Atlanta,
“Irish Aliens and English Victories,”
(Sbeil); Luther Z. Rosser,! Morvtn.Ga.,
“The National Assembly of France,”
(Mirabeau); Edward G. Thomas,* Ox
ford, “Napoleon Bonaparte,” (Bard).
! Few. * Phi Gamma.
The Band
discoursed most excellent music at in
tervals, which contributed largely to
the enjoyment of the visitors. The ex
ercises were opened with prayer by
Rev. Joel W. Hinton, and the speakers
each introduced in turn by Prof. Mor
gan Calloway. Afterward the class
sang beautifully “Rock of Ages,” (Car
men Sacrum), as composed hy them
selves in Latin, when the benediction
was pronounced by Rev. J. W. McGee.
On the Platform,
placed at the west end of the church,
were seated the Faculty of Emory Col
lege and a large number of prominent
men, divines and others. Among them
might be noticed the Revs. Bishops
Wigbtman and George F. Pierce, Dr. A.
Means, Dr. A. A. Lipscomb, Rev. Jas.
E. Evans, Judge James Jackson, Hon.
N. C. Barnett, Judge John J. Floyd ;
but most conspicuous did the person of
Rev. Lovick Pierce
Appear as he sat facing the audience
listening intently and wit h the greatest
interest to the deelamation of the
youths who came before him. It was
indeed a worthy occasion on which this
venerable patriarch of the church
would appear so interested.
The Two Societies
met this afternoon at 4 o’clock at their
halls and were addressed by
various promineut gentlemen nowhere.
To-night the champion debate between
the two organizations will take place
at 8:30 o’clock. The question to be de
bated is “Ought the light of suffrage
to be restricted to man?” Three mem
bers of the Phi Gamma—D. Q. Abbott,
G. W. Matthews and W. A. Candler will
speak in the affionative and three of
the Few Society—W. B. Fambrough, J.
A. Wright and A. S, Hough speak in
the negative. The salutatorian is C, C.
Cody of the former Society.
The Junior Day.
To-morrow will be the day for the
Juniors, when their friends will turn
out in full force. Judging from the
large number of boquets thrown to the
Sophomore speakers as they retired
from the stage to-day, it seems hard
to tell where the friends of the Juniors
will obtain a sufficient supply of floral
offerings to testify their appreciation
equally with the friends of the “Sophs.”
But, this is a flowery, fertile couutry,
and no doubt they are fully prepared.
I have not yet learned what the pro
gramme of to-morrow is.
It is said a dispatch was received
here to-day to the effect that Governor
Smith would appoint Judge James
Jackson, of Macon, to a seat on the
bench of the Supreme Court of Geor
gia, and that Judge Jackson (who is
here) will accept, i e., iu the event of a
vacancy occurring. S. J. C.
Minor Telegrams.
Chicago, July 20.—Seven hundred
dollars reward has been offered for the
bodies of the aeronauts. Tugs are
searching the lake.
Hartford, July 20.—Brown Brothers’
Paper Mill, at North Colchester, was
burned. Loss $20,000.
Ottawa, July 20.—Large numbers of
unemployed laborers are here. Some
will be sent home by their societies.
Philadelphia, July 20.—Arrange
ments were made to-dav by the Cath
olic Total Abstinence Union, of Phila
delphia, to celebrate the centenary
of Daniel O’Connell’s birthday August
6th, by a meeting at Horticultural Hall
and a lecture by Rev. Patrick Byrne,
of Trenton, N. J., President of the
Catholic Total Abstinence Union of
America.
Dickens always believed iu Spiritual
ism, until asking at a seance the at
tendance of the spirit of Lindley Mur
ray, and being answered by the spec
tre, to whom he put the question: “Are
you the spirit of Lindley Murray?” “I
arel”
A Welshman, of Utica, possesses a
harp ordered by Prince Albert for the
Exhibition of all Nations in 1851, made
by Jones, of Cardiff, from a tree planted
by one of the ancient Princes of Wales.
It cost S9OO, but was bought In a pawn
shop for SIOO.
A number of Minnesota, Missouri
and Kansas farmers, who have been
praying for wind enough to blow away
the grasshoppers, were a little too ear
nest. The wind took the grasshop
pers, but also took houses, barns,
fences and cattle,
THE TRADE WORLD.
A Business Outlook —Failures for
the First Six Months of 1875.
[American Grocer.]
Tangible facts and figures, bearing
upon the present condition and future
of the country, are deeply interesting
at this time. We are therefore pleased
to place before our readers some im
portant results of an elaborate inquiry
into the condition of business matters,
contained in the semi-annual circular
of the Mercantile Agency of R. G. Dun
& Cos. This institution, more than any
other, by its alliance with the leading
merchants and bankers in all the cen
tres of trade and its army of corres
pondents all over the country, possesses
peculiar facilities for this task.
The figures which the agency pre-
sents as to the failures for the first six
months of the current year are impor
tant as showing that, notwithstanding
the severe and universal depression,
the casualties in business have not
been excessive. The total number of
failures in the entire Union are stated
to be only 3,377, which is a very small
quota in view of the large number in
business—reported by this agency at
over 650,000. The total amount of lia
bilities due by the parties who have
failed is stated to be nearly $75,000,000
Accurate comparison of these figures
for the same six months in previous
years is impossible, owing to the ab
sence of previous semi-annual returns,
but dividing by one-half the number of
failures for the entire twelve months
of previous years, the following will
show a comparison sufficiently near the
mark far all practical purposes :
Total Failures One-half
for year. of same.
1872 4,067 2,037
1873 5,183 2,591
1874 *.. 5,830 2,915
1875 Ist 0 Months. 3,377
• Total Liabilities One-half
for year. of same.
1872 $121,05G,000 $60,528,000
1873 228,499,000 114,248,000
1874 155,239,000 77,619,000
1875 Ist 6 Months. 74,940,867
In view of all the unfavorable and
trying circumstances of the first half
year, the fact that the failures, as above
shown, are only a trifle in excess of
previous seasons, while the liabilities
are absolutely less in amount, shows a
“staying” power (as the horse jockeys
say) on the part of the mercantile com
munity which is exceedingly creditable
and encouraging.
This is further illustrated by some
startling facts which the agency fur
nishes, as to the failures in other coun
tries.
The circular attributes the limited
number of failures iu the United States,
in such trying times, to the small inter
nal indebtedness which the agency has
all along maintained was the case, and
still further states that the failures, “in
prominence and significance, have been
of really less importance than in form
er years.”
The agency concludes its very able
review by directing attention to the
exhaustive reports with the circular
contains, as to the prospect of trade,
conditions of crops, etc., in fifty differ
ent localities in the Union, at which
points they have offices, the large ma
jority of which indicate much that is
encouraging. From these the general
conclusion is as follows :
“The reports from all the chief cen
tres of trade herewith submitted, and
which are derived from the most relia
ble sources in each locality by our own
representatives, indicate much that is
encouraging. Whatever an abundant
agricultural product will accomplish
toward a restoration of prosperity will
certainly this year be contributed. The
purchasing and debt-paying power of
the people in vast sections of the coun-
try will bo improved, while con
siderable activity must be provoked
during the Autumn in replenishing the
small stocks of merchandise held in all
hands. Other things than agricultural
success may be needed to restore uni
versal prosperity. Expectation founded
on that basis has already led to disap
pointment. But, whatever else may be
needed, it seems hardly possible in the
nature of things that a revival can be
very much longer delayed. Every day
must bring us nearer to the commence
ment of a better state of things. We
have all the elements of wealth at hand,
abundant and varied resources, unri
valed means of transportation, a large
surplus of unemployed capital, a well
tried and successful monetary system,
and, above all, a people who have expe
rienced a far worse condition of things
aud yet have achieved success. It may
be that the One Hundredth Anniversary
of the Nation will both come and go
before we can chronicle permanent ac
tivity aud profit in business; but if no
worse come to us in the interval than
has befallen us in the six months un
der review, there will be cause for con
gratulation. The great lessons of pa
tience and economy, and the practice
of such busiuess principles as will
equally apply to a poor as well as a
prosperous condition of trade, will at
least not have been taught in vain.”
A CLERGYMAN REPULSED.
A Westchester Matron’s Sense of the
Proprieties of Life.
The baleful influence of the Beecher
scandal has destroyed the confidence
hitherto reposed in the cloth. In the
rural districts this effect is alarmingly
noticeable. On Sunday last this dis
trust deprived an estimable Westches
ter matron of the opportunity, to her
most dear, of attending diviue service
in the church of her choice. The scene
is a pleasant little village not many
miles from Mount Kisco, and the min
ister and the lady are near neighbors,
their respective residences being sepa
rated only by the width of the main
street. The minister is middle-aged,
good natured, and a favorite. It was
his oustom every Sunday to give
his estimable parishioner a seat in the
family carriage, so that she might not
have to walk half a mile to the church.
On Sunday the dominie’s carriage drew
up in front of the lady’s door. She was
waiting, and bustling down, prepared
to get in, declining the parson’s prof
fered aid. Suddenly she noticed that
she was alone. “Where is your wife?”
she asked abruptly. “She is not wel}
enough to go to church to-day,” was the
reply. “Where is your daughter?”
was the next query, and the answer
was, 'She stayed at home to take care
of her mother,” An instant of hesita
tion followed. Then the lady turned
her back upon her pastor, saying, “I
guess I won’t go to church with you ;
there is so much scandal about now-a
days.” She is ninety years of age.—
New York Sim,
Dr. Leonard Bacon has had another
full in the winter of his life. He fell the
whole length of the State House steps
at Hartford, Corm,
When we see a young man who
spends all he earns, we are inclined to
think he does not earn all he spends.
THE COTTON TAX.
Its Constitutionality Affirmed by tlie
United States Supreme Court —De-
cision of the Nashville Test Case.
On Wednesday last in the United
States Supreme Court, the following
opinions were given:
Nos. 7 and 11. —7. Andrew Hamilton
et al. vs. Joseph R. Dillin, iu error to the
Circuit Court for the Middle District of
Tennessee. 11. Samuel McClelland et
al. vs. the United States—Appeal from
the Court of Claims. Mr. Justice Brad
ley delivered the opinion of the Court.
This was an action of assumpsit,
brought by the plaintiff in error against
the defendant in error, to recover a
charge or bonus of four cents per pound
paid by the plaintiffs to the defendant
as surveyor of tho port of Nashville,
Tenn., from August, 1863, to July 1861,
for permits to purchase and ship
to the loyal States certain lots of
cotton, amounting to over, 7,000,000
pounds. This. payment was one of
the fees or charges required by
the regulations of the Treasury De
partment to be made as a condition of
carrying on the said trade between
those portions of the insurrectionary
States within the lines of occupation
of the Union forces and the loyal
States. By the bill of exceptions it ap
pears to have been admitted on tho
trial that the defendant was acting sur
veyor of customs at Nashville during
the period in question, and was the
only person that could grant the neces
sary permits, and that the plaintiffs
had in their possession, as owners or
factors, various lots of cotton, specified
in the bill of exceptions, which had
been purchased in pursuance of the
decree of l he President and the regu
lations of the Secretary of the Trea
sury in that regard ; that they applied
to the defendant, for permits to ship
and transport said ootton from
Nashville to a loyal State, and
that the defendant, in obedience
to said regulations and instruc
tions, refused to grant such permits
except on payment of the four cents
per pound. It is also admitted that
the regulations were well and publicly
known at Nashville, and directed sei
zure and confiscation of all cotton
shipped without such payment or per
mit, and that the plaintiff made no
formal protest against the payment of
the charge, but paid the same, and
th at the same was paid by the defend
ant into the Treasury of the United
States before the commencement of
this action. It was also admitted that
during said period Nashville was within
the lines of military occupation of the
United States. The plaintiff then put
in evidence the Treasury regulations
in force at the time of the shipment of
the cotton in question. These regula
tions prohibited the transportation of
goods or merchandise to or from any
State or part of a State in insurrection
except under permits, certificates and
clearances, as provided therein; and the
surveyors of the customs at Nashville
and other places were designated as the
officers to grant such permits. Author
ity to purchase and transport goods
was to be granted only to those who
should make the prescribed affidavit
aud enter into bond to pay ail fees re
quired by the regulations; and no per
mit was to bo granted for such pur
chase and transportation except upon
tiie payment of such fees or the giving
of a bond to seoure the same. The
fees referred to and appended to the
regulations, and making part thereof,
consisted of various items and charges
to be paid, and, among otheis, “For
eaeii permit to purchase cotton in an
insurrectionary distrjpt and to trans
port the same to a loyal State, per
pound, four cents.” This is the fee or
cuarge which was paid for the permit
to purchase and transport the cotton in
question and which is sought to be re
covered. The plantiffs insisted, and re
quested the court to charge substan
tially as follows:
That this exaotiou was illegal and
void ; that it was essentially a tax and
and not authorized by any act of Con
gress, which alone has the power to
impose taxes ; that even if it were au
thorized by law, the law itself was, to
that extent, unconstitutional and void,
and that under the circumstances an 1
state of facts agreed upon by the par
ties, the payment was involuntary and
no protest was necessary to entitle the
plaintiffs to recover back the money
thus illegally exacted.
The court refused to charge as re
quested by the plaintiffs, but charge 1
as follows :
1. That the act of July 13th, 1861,
entitled “An act further to provide for
the collection of duties on imports, and
for other purposes,” conferred power
upon the Secretary of the Treasury to
authorize the exactions mentioned in
said plaintiffs’ declaration.
2. That whether said act of July 13,
1861, conferred such power or not. the
action of the Secretary of the Treasury
in imposing and of the defendant in
making said exactions was ratified and
made valid by the act of July 2, 1864,
entitled “An act in addition to the sev
eral acts concerning commercial inter
course between loyal and insurrection
ary States, and to provide for the col
lection of captured aud abandoned
property, and the prevention of frauds
in States declared in insurrection.”
3. That plaintiffs could not maintain
action to recover said exactions, even
if they had been illegal, for want of
having protested against them at the
time of payment.
To this charge exceptions were taken
and we are called upon to decide as to
the correctness of these propositions.
There can be no question that the
condition requiring the payment of four
cents per pound for a permit to pur
chase cotton in, and transport it from
the insurrectionary States during the
civil war, was competent to the war
power of the United States Govern
ment to impose. The Government, in
prosecuting it, had at least all the
rights which any belligerent power has
when prosecuting public war. That
war was itself a suspension of commer
cial intercourse between the opposing
sections of the country. No cotton or
other merchandise could be lawfully
purchased in the insurrectionary States
without the consent of the Government
If such a course of dealing were to be
permitted at all, it would necessarily be
upon such conditions as the Govern
ment chose to prescribe. The war
power vested in the Government impli
ed all this without any specific mention
of it in the Constitution.
In a long opinion the court reviews
the questions presented, and affirms
the rulings and judgment of tho court
below.
The aeoond case is decided by the
judgment in the first.
One of our adopted citizens, seeing a
bunch of bananas the other day, stood
in silent astonishment for about a min
ute, and then broke out: “Begorra,
them Yanks beat the devil, and now
they nail pickles to a stick.”
WENDELL PHILLIPS.
A Republican Inflationist Who Can’t
he Silenced—His Reply to Amasa
Walker’s Letter on the Currency.
[Boston Journal of Commerce.]
You invite me to read Mr. Amasa
Walker’s article on the currency. It
was unnecessary. I always read every
line I see written by an opponent, ami
especially by my friend Walker. You
offer to print any reply or criticism I
wish to make. I suppose Mr. Walker
will say it is not yet time to criticize
him. What ho prints in your issue of
J uly 3 is only an introduction or pre
face to something he lias to say. To
consider it a complete plan, or substan
tial statement, would bo unjust to him
—since, he considered, it is simply ab
surd. Mr. Walker’s plan, so far as he
has opened it, is for the world to give
up all credit and return to a system
Qf naked barter. According to him, no
man may buy wool, coal, iron or wheat
unless he stands ready to exchange gold
for it. This is worse than the times of
Solomon or the Trojan war. Then you
could buy wool with leather, or wheat
with iron. But Walker allows no one
to buy anything except with gold. Be
fore you enter any market you must,
have gold in your hand, or a certificate
that you have just left your gold in the
keeping of the United States.
Of course this is absurd in our cen
tury. One might as well ask travelers
to give up railways and go back to ox
carts as to ask trade to give up credit
and go back to barter. Yet this is ex
actly Mr. Walker’s proposition as at
present stated.
Patterson tells us (Science of Finance,
pp. 5,6,) that in Great Britain gold
supplies little more than one-half per
cent, of the currency, and bank notes
and coin together make only three per
cent. A New Haven journal told us,
two weeks ago, that a check of SBOO
passed through seven hands, and paid
seven debts of that amount before it
was presented at the bank counter.
Five thousand six hundred dollars
worth of business done by a slip of
paper which had no relation to nor
connection with gold. It rested simply
and entirely on credit.
The exchanges effected at the New
York Clearing House were thirty-eight
thousand millions of dollars in the
year 1869. What a useless burden to
insist that all this amount of business
shall be done with actual gold coin !
We must therefore use credit, which
is but another name for paper money
in its different forms—bills, cheeks,
notes, etc.
We propose to use the credit of the
nation as the basis for this greenback
currency—exactly as the so-called spe
cie system of Great Britain does. What
forms the basis of tho currency of
Great Britain? Gold? No. The first
thirty millions of bank notes, issued by
the Bank of England, do not undertake
to represent specie. They represent so
much money owed by the Government
to the bank; in other words, they rep
resent Government bonds, never paid
and never expected to be paid. Pre
cisely that is tho basis we propose to
have for our greenbacks—the nation.
When the Bank of England nearly
touched bankruptcy in 1825, 1833, 1837,
1847, 1857 and 1866—what did she ask
of the Government, the loan of gold ?
No. She asked for the issue of Exche
quer Bills that is substantially, Gov
ernment bonds. We mean to have
greenbacks, at all time convertible into
Government bonds, at a low fixed rate
of interest, such greenbacks to consti
tute the whole currency of the country;
all banks forbidden ifco issue bills and
confined to the function of receiving
deposits and making loans.
No buliionist will maintain to-day
that his theory means our return to
actual, simple barter, tlie exchange of
one species of merchandise—gold—for
every other species whenever a sale is
made. Every one of your readers will
allow that we must use credit. Credit
means greenbacks, bank bills, checks,
deposits, gold certificates, etc. The
only questions are: 1. How many of
these shall be allowed; that is, wliat
amount of currency shall be allowed ?
2. Upon what shall they be based—
upon gold or some other security?
To the first question we answer :
The business of a country always set
tles the amount of its currency. No
matter what be the formal or supposed
system, specie basis or paper, the above
statement remains always inevitably
true. Great Britain pretends to settle
that after thirty millions of bank bills,
based on government bonds, no more
paper currency shall exist which does
not repiesent actual sovereigns depos
ited in the Bank of England. But the
merchants created of themselves cur
rency enough in 1869 to effect changes
in the London Clearing-house amount
ing to seventeen thousand millions of
dollars!
Our paper money banks and Govern
ment supposed that they had limited
the currency to somewhere about eight
huudred millions. But the merchants,
in 1869, created enough currency in tho
shape of notes, checks aud certificates
of deposit to effect exchanges in New
York amounting to thirty-eight thous
and millions!
The fact is, the Democratic principle
governs trade. The day wheu govern
ments, or the upper classes, settled
how much bread should be made aud
what should be its price—how much
gold lace should be made and who
should make it—has passed away. Who
would dream to-day of choosing five
hundred bank directors to settle how
much coal should be mined, how much
wheat planted, and how much cotton
cloth made? Supply and demand settle
such questions, and the world recog
nizes that so such things are best set
tled.
Banks and Secretaries of Treasuries
imagine they determine the amount of
tho currency ! As well might Old Prob
ability claim that he determined the
weather. He and they only record
what mightier forces do.
Business creatts just such, and just
so much currency as it needs, every
where aud at all times.
You will ask, if this be so, why are
not you greeubaek men content? I
will tell you. At present only large
capitalists, banks and the favorites of
banks can thus create currency. It is
a monopoly—a very close corporation
or ring. When half a dozen Rhode Is
land banks failed, and their books were
exposed to the public gaze, we saw that
one great firm—the Spragues—had
borrowed all their funds. At present
this power of making currency is con
fined to banks and their pets. We
mean the whole people shall enjoy
it. Whoever can pledge property
alyid be entitled to a certalu propor
tion of its value in greenbacks. The
system will not increase the currency
by one dollar. It will only give us more
greenbacks and fewer checks. Checks
are aristooratio, greenbacks are detuo
cratic. It will put tho man who has one
thousand dollars on a par wiih the man
who has a million, so far as the power
-New Series—Vol. 3. ISTo. 161.
of using his means is concerned. It will
regulate interest better than gold aud
the Bank of England can do. No holder
of a greenback will lose a dollar while
the Union lasts; and that in all the
English claim, viz : that no holder of a
Bank of England will lose a shill
ing while the Empire stands.
Yours, Wendell Phillips.
WIT AND WISDOM.
Six million pius a day are made in a
factory in Winstead.
China's appropriation to the Centen
nial is 40,000 taels, not tails.
Snails are extensively eaten in Paris
by the Italians and Tyrolese.
What raise of salary does Elizabeth
get ? It isn’t mentioned yet.
The bnnko-steerer is no more. lie
is now “The Granger’s Guide.”
Sixteen children, between the ages
of 4 and 8, lighting drunk, was one of
the pleasant sights at Hartford, Conn.,
the other day.
The Sultan has eight hundred wives,
and devotes to his own and their use
£2,000,000 oat of the £7,000,000 that
constitute the whole income of the
Turkish Empire.
Small boy in Portland to a gentleman
unable to stand alone : “Will you let
me call you a hack, sir ?” Happy man :
“Ca’ me wha’ yer like. Don’t care a
rap wha’ yer ca’ me.”
An Accommodating Man.— Buggs
• Halloo, Tripe ; moving ? ’ Tripe :
“Yes.” Buggs : “What for?” “Tripe:
"Well, times are a little hard, aud I am
moving to please my laudlady.”
“Eh, doctor,” said a bailie of a small
Scotch town to a friend, “he maun hae
been an extraordinary man thatShaks
peare; there are things hae come into
his head that never would hae come
into mine at a’.”
A Columbia professor, reproving a
youth for the exercises of his fists,
said : “We fight with our heads here.”
The youth considered, and replied that
butting wasn’t considered fair at bis
last school.
They will have their little jokes. A
Pennsylvania paper says : “Boston,
populous Boston, may properly be de
scribed as the town in which hundreds
of thousands daily ‘live, move, and
have their beans.’ ”
Last week, a Pittsburg editor wrote,
“ the closer people get to Nature, the
closer they are to God.” Then he ob
tained a leave of absence to go out into
the country, and was struck by light
ning while robbiug an apple orchard.
Everybody says that ex-President
Woolsey’s Phi Beta Kappa oration at
Hartford was a Kappatal thing.— Bos
ton Post. Phi ! What must a ~uui Beta
make such a remark as that?— New
York Commercial Advertiser. There
then ! stop it! Such jokes are not Nu.
—Boston Advertiser.
Bridgeport, Conn., boasts of a twen
ty-two months’-old child, which rum
pled up a newspaper, the other day,
and cried out impatiently : “ Baby want
to ’ead Beecher tialaud, after rolling
the paper over a little, threw it down
with disgust, remarking emphatically;
“ Baby tan’t find Beecher tiai
While trying a ease a Judge saw just
in front of him a person wearing a hat,
and ordered one of the officers “to
make that man either take off his hat
or leave the court.” “Your honor,”
said the offender, \vho was a ladv in a
riding habit and a beaver, “I’m no
man.” “Then lam no judge,” said his
honor.
“Shut your eyes and listen mit me,”
said Uncle Van Heyde. “Yell, de first
night I open store I counts de money
and finds him nix right; I counts him
and there be three gone ; and vat you
dink I does den?” “I can’t say.” “Vy,
I did not count him any more, and lie
comes out slnist right ever since.”
Mr. Bergh is needed in Paris, ff the
statement is true that certain owners
of leech ponds buy up horses that aiv
too old to work to feed their leeches.
The horses are staked up to their bel
lies, wheu the leeches immediately at
tach themselves to them and suck the
blood out of them, which it takes one
or two days to do.
Gen. Butler’s uniform was one of the
most gorgeous on exhibition at the
Bunker Hill show, and, while he moved
around with his gold lace and brass
buttons flashing in the Centennial sun
light, it seemed like au insult to true
greatness when some rude bystander
saluted him with—“ Who’s you tailor.
Ben ? ”
The clothes found* upon the river
bank at Davenport were identified as
belonging to Dr Einilius Godfroy.
Fifty men dragged the river for two
days without success. The body was
not recovered until Thursday evening,
when it was found in an advanced
stage of decomposition near Council
Bluffs, sitting in a Pullman palace car
alongside of Mrs. Aurora Beale, the
blonde milliner who was supposed to
have gone East to buy goods.—Local
paper.
A Forced Marriage Declared Void.
Justice E. Darwin Smith, in the Su
preme Court at Rochester, has declared
that a marriage contract entered into
under coercion is void. The case came
from Livingston county, and the cir
cumstances in brief are these: Some
time since a young man named George
R. Brown, a resident of East Rush,
made complaiut that he had been
coerced into a marriage with a youug
woman named Lois Barber, at Avon,
The case was brought up before Judge
Rumsey, and by him referred to George
W. Rawson. Brown said that he was
attending to some business in a black
smith shop at Honeoye, Falls, when
Chester Bristol, Deputy Sheriff of the
county, called him out and told him he
must go down to Yvon and marry Miss
Lois Barber, a sister-in-law of Bristol.
He told Bristol that he did not love
her enough for this but was In
formed that Miss Barber had con
fessed having been criminally inti
mate with him, and that he must mar
ry her. Brown denied the fact, but ex
cuses did not avail with Bristol, who
enforced his demand with a revolver.
They called for the young lady at her
father’s house, aud she was ordered by
the bi’other-in-law to accompany them.
They stopped at a house and a minister
was procured by Bristol to perform the
ceremony. The minister asked Bristol
whether there was any reason why the
parties should not be united, aud he
said no. The parties themselves were
not asked any such question. Having
thus been married by force, the parties
returned to the bride’s liouso, where
the unwilling husband left his wife and
went to his own home. Brown denied
under oath having intimate relations
with the young lady, either before or
after marriage. Justice Smith granted
a decree declaring the marriage null
and void. Both parties were allowed
the privilege of marrying again.