Below is the OCR text representation for this newspapers page.

Old Series—Vol. 25, ISTo. 122. THE CONSTITUTIONALIST. Jas. G. Bailie, Francis Cogin, Geo. T. Jackson, PROPRIETORS. TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION. Dally, one year “ 3 months 2 Tri-Weekly, one year p Weekly, one year 2 JJJ’ “ 6 months 1 00 Single copies , 5 cents, lo news dealers , 2% cents. <)n and after this dale (April 21,1875; all editions of the Constitutionalist will be sent free of postage. Subscriptions must in all cases be paid in advance. The paper will be discontinued at the expiration of the time paid for. Advertisements must be paid for when hand ed in, unless otherwise stipulated. Correspondence invited from all sources, and valuable special news paid for if used. Rejected communications will not be return ed, and no notice taken of anonymous commu nications, or articles written on both sides. Money may be remitted at our risk by Ex press or postal order. All letters should bo addressed to H. C. STEVENSON, Manager, Augusta, Oa. The introduction of the Bible iuto Turkey, by permission of the Govern ment, is one proof, among many, that the world moves. —m + The cotton mill difficulties in New Eugland are not over. A great strike is imminent, followed by a lock-out. Meanwhile some of the working people prepare to take a holiday for a month and await events. While mauy portions of the South are suffering from drouth, large areas of the West are damaged by excessive rains and consequent inundations. Never was a crop prospect of such sin gular promise so swiftly blighted. It is a pity that Messieurs Roche fort and Df. Cassagnac could not agree to terms and fight out their grievances. Both of them are persistent agitators aud of little benefit to civilization. From the correspondence between their seconds, they seem to have been guided by the old negro’s logic, believing that though the world might not miss them, if killed, they would miss themselves. Every good ex-Confederate will hear with sorrow of the death of the gallant Gen. George E. Pickett. His career during the war between the States was of the most conspisuous character. He was among the bravest of the brave: and the wonderful charge of his divis ion of Virginians—aud the compositor was among tho number—upon the heights of Gettysburg was one of those deeds of valor which will live in history with the most desperate achievements of human enterprise. Peace to his soul! — —i ■ Andrew Johnson is no more. He was a distinguished example of how a man in the humblest walks of life, and without the cultivation of the schools, but of great natural powers of mind, can rise to the highest places of power in the gift of a people. He was the most formidable enemy the South had to encounter in 1860, as he arrayed the Border States, to a considerable de gree, against us. After the war, by bis disfranchisement of men of wealth, and experiments in Recon struction, he dealt this section some deadly blows. The phrase “treason must be made odious and traitors pun ished,” originated with him, and the death of Mrs. Surratt will throw a dark cloud on bis memory. His sub sequent efforts to befriend the South and roll back the tide of Radical op pression mitigated, in some measure, his fatal errors of policy. He had in him many of tho elements of a dema gogue, but was a powerful orator and intrepid politician. Before the war, when Senator, he was described as a “sans culotte of ability who hated everybody who wore a clean shirt.” Many of his repulsive characteristics arose no doubt from defects of nature, early hardships and a bitter combat with the world. But, in spite of these blemishes, he was one of the most no ted figures in our history, and, we sin cerely hope that, after a stormy career, he has reached a haven of eter nal repose. The death of Mr. Johnson leaves no ex-President living. FROM COVINGTON. On to Portsmouth—Methodist Confer ence-Weather and Crops. [Special to the Cc nstitutionalist.l Covington, Ga., July 31, 1875. A meeting of Company H, Third Georgia regiment, was held here to day. About twenty-five members sig nified their intention to go to Ports mouth, Va. t to attend the reunion of the regiment at that place. They will leave here Sunday night. The Atlanta district Conference of tho Methodist Church has been in ses sion here since Thursday, Bishop Wightman presiding. A large number of delegates are in attendance and much interest is manifested. The weather still continues dry and hot, though there have been rains around the country. Star. THE NIGHT SIDE OF NATURE. Deatli in a Vault —Destruction of Western Crops—Railway Accidents — Terrors of the Mines. St. Louis, July 31.—A man was drowned in a privy vault. Three per sons attempting to rescue the body were overdo me and died before being rescued. Indianapolis, July 31.—Dispatches from eighty counties of Indiana and twenty-five counties of Eastern Illinois are discouraging. Wheat is sprouting in stock. It is raining steadily. The streams are already bank full, aud will be beyond control to-day. Little Rock, July 29.—There was a heavy rain along Iron Mountain road. No cars arrived yesterday. Louisville, July 31.—The condition of the crops is alarmiug. There has been a daily rain for six weeks. Wheat, oats, rye, barley and hay are injured fifty per cent, in quantity and quality. The tobacco crop is greatly injured. San Francisco, July 31.—A cave-in in the Eureka Consolidated Mine killed five persons. DEATH OF ANDREW JOHNSON. Bristol, Tenn., July 31.—Ex-Presi dent Andrew Johnson died this morn ing at his daughter’s residence in Car ter county, at 2 o’clock. He was at tacked Wednesday evening at 4 o’clock with paralysis, and did not speak after he was attacked. Particulars of His Last Hours—Pre parations for the Funeral—General Sympathy Expressed for His Fam ily. Cincinnati, July 31. —The Gazette's Greenville special says : This morning, at about 2 o’clock ex-President Andrew Johnson died, at the residence of his daughter, Mrs. W. R. Brown, formerly Mrs. Col. Stover, in Carter county, from a paralytic stroke. He had been in rather bad health since the adjourn ment of the last session of Congress, but nothing serious was anticipated. On Wednesday morning he left on the train for Carter’s station and from thence he went on horseback to his daughter’s residence, about 7 miles, riding in the hot sun. Arriving there he felt very fatigued, and the same afternoon, about 4 o’clock, his right side was paralyzed, rendering him speechless. His wife was with him at the time. His son Frank and his daughter, Mrs. Patterson, were at once sent for and left Greenville on Thurs day. Ou Thursday about noon he be came conscious and had a partial use of his side again, but it was evident that the great Commoner could not live long, and thus surrounded by his entire family and neighboring friend3, he yielded up the ghost about 2 o’clock this morning. The excitement here and at Knox ville is intense. It is expected that a large delegation will airive from Knox ville to attend the funeral. A public meeting is in session at tho court house, which will make arrangements to receive visitors from abroad. The funeral will take place at Greenville on Tuesday, August 3d. Several Masonic lodges, military companies and civil as sociations from adjoining towns will join with the citizens in paying a last tribute to his remains. The body will arrive here to-morrow. A great many distinguished persons from all parts of the United States are sending tele grams to this place, stating their de sire to be present at the last sad rites. The family are greatly overcome with their sad bereavement, in which they have the sympathy of the whole com munity. Sketch of His Life. Andrew Johnson, the Seventeenth Presi dent of the United States, was born in Raleigh, N. C., December 29tli, 1808. His father, Jacob Johnson, whodied in 1812, was City Constable, Sexton, and porter of tho state Bank. Extreme poverty prevented Andrew from receiving any schooling, and at the age of ten he was apprenticed to a Mr. Seibv, a tailor. A gentleman was in the habit of visitiug the shop and reading to the workm- n, generally from the “American Speaker,” and Audrew became intensely interested, especially in the ex tracts from the speeches of Pitt and Fox. He determined to iearn to read, and having done this, he devoted all his ieasure hours to the perusal of such books as he could obtain. In the Summer of 1821. a few months before his apprentice ship had expired, he got into a little trouble by throwing stones at an old woman’s house, and ran away to avoid the consequences. He went to Laurens Oouit House, South Carolina, an ! obtained work as a journeyman tailor, a id in May 1826, ho returned to Raleigh. Mr. Selby had moved into the country, and Johnson walked 2j miles to see mim, apologized for his misde meanor, and promised to pay him for the unfulfilled portion of his apprenticeship. Selby required security, which Johnson could not furnish; and in September he went to Tennessee, taking with him his mother, who was dependant upon him for support. He worked for a year at Green ville, during which time he married, and, after search for a more desirable home further West, finally settled there. Thus far liis education had been limited to reading; but now, under his wife’s in structions, he learned to write and cipher. Taking an interest in local politics, he or ganized in 1828 a working men’s party, to oppose the so-called aristocratic element which had always ruled the town. Consid erable excitement ensued, and Johnson was elected Alderman by a large majority, lie was re-elected in each of the two following years, and in 1839 was chosen Mayor, which office he held three years. During a por tion of this time he was prominent in a de bating society formed by sjme young men of the neighborhood aim students of Green ville College. Uno of tiie students says “On approaching the village, there stood on the hill by the highway a solitary little house, perhaps ten feet squaie. It con tained a bed. two or three stools, and a tailor’s platform. Here we delighted to stop, because one lived here whom we knew outside of the school, and made us welcome; one who would amuse us by hi3 social good nature, taking more than ordi nary interest in catering to our pleasure.” In 1834 the County Court elected Johnson a trustee of Rhea Academy, and in that year he was also active in securing the adoption of the new constitution of the State. In tho summer of 1835 he offered himself as candidate for a seat in the lower house of the Legi-lature, and announced that he was a Democrat. Meeting wi h a cool reception from the leaders of the party, he entered the canvass personally, aud in his first speech made such a vigor ous and well-sustained attack on tho polit ical career of his Whig opponent that their opposition soon ceased and he was elected. The most important measure brought before that Legislature was a bill which in volved the State in a debt of §1,000,000 for a vast scheme of internal improvements, consisting principally of macadamized and turnpike roads. Johnson strenuously op opposed it, on the ground that no such debt could be incurred until the question had been submitted to the people, and predicted that the scheme would only result in the squandering of money without securing the benefits it provided. Tho bill became a law, and was so popu lar that in 1837 Joh 'Son failed to be return ed to his seat. But before the expiration of the next two the evils he had predicted had de veloped'themselves; many of the works were abandoned and some of the companies had def auded the State. In 1839 he was again elected. In the Presidential election of 1810 he canvassed eastern 'Tennessee in favor of Mr. Van Buren, and was a candi date on the Democratic ticket for elector at large. In 1841 he was elected to the Stato Senate, into which lie introduced a judicious mea sure for internal improvements in the eastern part of the State. Ho was elected to Congress from the First District of Tennessee in 1843, took his seat in December of the same year and held it by successive re-elections for ten years. During this time he advocated the bill re fundig the tax imposed on Gen. Jackson at New Orleans, the annexation of Texas, tho war with Mexico, the tariff of 1816, and general retrenchments in the expenses of the Government He sustained President Pi,lk in his acceptance of the parallel of 49 dog. as a settlement of the Oregon boun dary question, and was conspicuous in urging the homes end law. On August 2d, 1848, ho delivered an elabo rate speech in favor of the veto power. In 1853 he was elected Governor of Tennes see, over Gustavus 11. Henry, the Whig eaudidate; and in 1855 he was re-elected over Meridith P. Gentry, candidate of the Whigs and “Know-Nothings.” The con test was exciting, and violence and threats of murder were frequent. At one meeting, Johnson appeared with a pistol in his hand and laid it on the desk, and said: “ Fellow citizens, I have been informed that part of the business to be transacted on this occa sion is the assassination of the individual who now has the honor of addressing you. I beg respectfully to propose to you that this be the first business in order. There fore, if any man has come here for the purpose indicated, 1 do not say to him, let him speak, but let hitn shoot. After paus ing for a moment with his hand on his pis tol, he said : "Ge tlemen, it appears that I have been misinformed. I will now pro ceed to address you on the subject that has called us together.” On December 7, .AUGUSTA, GA.. SUNDAY MOUNTING, AUGUST 1, 1875. 1857, Mr. Johnson took his seat in the United States Senate to which he had been elected for a full term by tho Legislature of Tennessee. Here, as in the Lower House, he pereistently urged the passage of a bill giving one hundred and sixty acres of the public land to any citizen who would settle upon and cultivate it in a certain number of years, and lie was soon recognized as t he advocate of that measure. The bill was finally parsed by more than two-thirds of the votes in each House,but President Buch anan vetoed it and the vote was sustained. In 1858 Johnson was one of the foremost opponents to the bill introduced by Jef ferson Davis to increase the standing'army because of the troubles in Utah, ad offered a substitute which authorized the raising of 4,000 volunteers, to be dismissed when the tr üble was over, which was modified so as to authorize two regiments of eighteen months men and passed. In 1859 he was conspicuous in his efforts to secure the passage of a bill to retrench the Govern ment expenses, and in his opposition to the Pacific Railroad, on the question of slavery Johnson, as a Southern man and a Demo crat, generally went with his party. He ac cepted slavery as an existing institution protected by the Constitution, but believed that it would s >me day come to an end, and held that it must be held subordinate to the Union at any hazard. He opposed the com promise measures of 1850, but finally voted for them. In the Charles ton- Baltimore Convention of 1860 he was the Presidential candidate of the Tennessee delegation. In tiie canvass which followed he supported Breckinridge and Lane, the candidates of the ultra Southern wing of his party. But when the purposes of the leaders of that wing became apparent and secession was actually introduced lie to 'k ground against them, and in a speech delivered in the Sen ate, December 18th and 19th, set forth the in justice and folly of the movement and placed himself unreservedly on the side of tiie Government The Legislature of Ten nessee having voted the State out of the Union, in spite of tiie tact that the people had voted down the proposition for a con vention on the subject, a reign of terror be gan there, and Johnson, on returning home in May, 1861, was in peril of his life. On one occasion, a mob entered a railroad car with the intention of lynching him, but lie met them boldly, pistol in hand, and they retired. In nearly every city of the State he was burned in effigy. He took a pro ninent part in the East Tennessee Union Conven tion of May 30, and on his arrival at Cin cinnati (January 19), he received an ovation from the loyal citizens. Un January. 31st, 1862, he spoke in favor of the expulsion of Jesse D. Bright, of Indiana. In the Winters of 1861-’2 large numbers of Unionists were driven from their homes iri East Tennes see, and sought refuge in Kentucky. Mr. Johnson met them there, relieved the im mediate wants of many from his own purse and used his iuilueiice w.th the government for the establishment of Camp Dick Robinson, where these refugees found shelter, food and cloth ing, and were, to a large extent, or ganized into companies and mustered into tho national service, llis own wife and child had been turned out of their homo aud his nine slaves confiscated. On March the 4th, 1862, President Lincoln nominated Andrew Johnson to bo Military Governor of Tennessee. The Senate confirmed the nom ination, and on the 12i h of that month he reached Nashville and assumed the duties of the office. The insurgent State govern ment had been moved to Memphis when the capitol was occupied by national troops. On March 18th Gov. Johnson issued a proclamation which recited briefly the his tory of the State, the means by wnich it had been placed in hostility to the Federal Government, tiie real establishment of the national authority and the abdication of the Governor and dissolution of tiie Legis lature ; announced his own appoint ments a Military Governor, and his purpose to fill the State aed county offices by appoint ment until order could be restored; and de clared that, “While it may become neces sary in viudi mating the violated majesty of the law and reasserting its imperial sway, to punish intelligent and conscious treason in high places, no merely retaliatory or vindictive policy will be adopted.” This proclamation attracted wi ’e atten tion, because it. was looked upon as indi ou-tin* the policy or lilt; I’woeral AliminiS tion; but it produced little effect on the se cession element in Tennessee. He next addressed a letter to the M ayor and Council of Nashville, urging them to take the oath of allegiance. They refused, aud he immediately declared their offices vacant and appointed other citizens to fiil them temporarily. Two months later, to protect Unionists from outrage at the hands of roving bands or Secessionists, lie Issued a proclamation, of which the follow ing is the essential p >i tion: “In every instance in which a Union man is arrested and maltreated by the maraud ing bands aforesaid, five or more reb Is, from the most prominent in the i nmediat • neighboi hood, shall be arrested, imprisoned and otherwise dealt with, as the nature of the cas ' may require; and further, in all cases where the property of citizens loyal t > the Government of the United States is taken or destroyed, full and ample re hu neration shall be made to them out of the property' of such rebels in the vicinity as have sympathized with and given aid, com fort, information orencouragem nt to par ties committing such depredations.” 'Three days after issuing this proclama tion headdressed a Union meeting at Nash ville in a three hours’ speech, which was most enthusiastically received. Here the tide of affairs seemed to turn and similar meetings in various parts of the State greatly strengthened the Union cau-e. But Tennessee was still overrun by guerrilla’s and Johnson still persued his task amid continual personal peril, lie showed courage and ability in maintaining order in Nashville while it was threatened by Gen. Bragg and prevented the evacua tion or surrender of the place, in providing for Union re’ugees and in raising .troops for the Government. Un December Bth, 1862, he issued a proclamation ordering an election to fill vacancies in the 3ith Con gress, and on the 15th an order levying live montnly assessments on certain citi zens of Nashville, “in behalf of many help less widows, wives and children in the city of Nashville who have been reduced to poverty and wretchedness in consequence of their husbands, sons, and fathers having been forced into tiie armies of this un wlioly and nefarious rebellion.” On Feb ruary' 20th, 1863, he issued a proclamation warning all persons who occupied property belonging to “traitors” n t to pay the rents until a person should be appointed to receive them in the name of the United States. In a speech at Columbus, Ohio, March 3d, he expressed his belief that slavery would bo extinguished by the war, but declared that the Emaucina tion Proclamation would not at all affect the question. Ou tho first Saturday in March, 1864, by his order, elections were held for State and county officers, and the usual machinery of civil government was once more set in motion. On June 7tfi, 1864, the Republican Convention at Balti more having nominated Mr. Lincoln for the Presidency, nominated Andrew John son for the Vice Presidency. He accepted the nomination in a long letter, in which he set forth fully his views on the questions at issue. On September Both, he issued a proclamation ordering an election in Ten nessee for Presidential Electors, and pre scribing a rigid test oath as tiie condition of suffrage. On his inauguration as Vice President, March 4th, 1865 Johnson deliv ered an incoherent address winch was se verely censured. President Lincoln was assassinated on tho evening of April 14th, and did the next morning. The members of the Cabinet, excepting Mr. Seward, at once addressed a note to Mr, Johnson an nouncing the fact, and urging his immedi ate qualification as President. Accordingly at ten o’clock ho took the oath of office in tho presence of the Chief Justice, a portion of Ihe Cabinet, and several Congressmen, at his room in a hotel. Oil April 17th, he made a speech, in which lie said : “The American people must bo taught if they do not already feel that treason is a crime and must no punished; that the Government will not alway bear with its enemies; tiiat it is strong not only to pro tect, but to punish, and our peaceful trea son has been almost unknown. The people must understand that it is the blackest of crimes, and will be severely punished.” Though ii the same speech he said: “In regard to my future course 1 will now make no professions, no pledges.” Yet tho whole country' looked upon these expres sions as foreshadowing a severe policy in dealing with the Secessionist. But it eoou became evident that this expectation was to be disappointed, and the result was the aleniation from President Johnson of al most the entire body of the party that had elected him. On May Ist be appointed a military commission for the trial of those immediately concerned in the assassination conspiracy, and offered SIOO,OOO for the ar i est of Jefferson Davis auc smaller amounts for several others, on the ground that they had aided and incited that conspiracy. On May the 9th anew set of rules, regulating trade with the Southern States, was promulgated, and ou June 24th all restrictions were removed and an order for the restoration of Virginia to her relations with the Federal Govern ment was issued May 9, and on May 29 the two proclamations were promulgated; one establishing a provisional government in South Carolina, the other granting a gen eral amnesty, on condition of their taking an oath of "allegiance, to all persons en gaged in the “rebellion,” with the exception of fourteen specified classes. Persons in cluded in any of which might obtain pardon by a special application to the President. The appointment of provisional govern ments for the other insurgent States fol lowed at brief intervals. On the assem bling of Congress in December a deter mined opposition on the part of the ma jority to the reconstruction policy of the President was at once developed. The point at issue was whether the seceding States should be at once admitted to represen ta tiou in i ongress and resume all the rights they enjoyed before the civil war, without further guarantees of good faith than tiie surrender of their arms and with no pro vision of protecting the emancipated blades in the enjoyment of their freedom and securing them the full rights of citizen ship. a joint committee of fifteen was ap pointed, to which were referred all ques tions concerning the recognition of these States and the credentials of all persons sent tom them as Sena tors or Representatives were • laid on the table to await the action ,of that committee. Congress passed an act known as the “Civil Rights bill,” aud another for the extention of the Freedman’s Bureau, both of which the President vetoed, and the bills were then reconsidered and passed over the veto. In a speech delivered before tiie Wnite House, February' 22, 1866, the President characterized the position as sumed by Congress as anew rebellion, and thereafter, in messages and speeches, he maintained open hostility to the majority of that body. In June, 1866, a call was issued for a convention to be held at Philadelphia on August J4tli, of delegates from every State and 'Terri tory. It’s specific object was not defined but it was understood to be the foundation of anew party on the basis of President Johnson’s reconsti action policy. It faded of any practical effect, though some lead ing members of the dominant party attend ed or approved of it The members of President Lincoln's Cabinet had remained in office, but in July the Postmaster Gen eral, Mr. Denison, the Attorney General, Mr. Speed, and the Secretary of the Inte rior. Mr. Hailan, lesigned their offices be cause of their differen e with tho President, and their places were filled by A. VV. Ran dall, Henry Stanbery, and H. Browning, respectively. On August 28tli President Johnson, ac companied by' Secretaries Seward, Welles and Randall, Gen. Grant, Admiral Farra gut and others, left Washington for Chica go to be present at the laying of the corner stone of a monument to Stephen A. Dong las. They went by way of Philadelphia, New York and Albany, aud at every im portant place the President addressed the assembled crowd, entering fully into a dis cussion of his policy and often denouncing the actions of Congress. An expression which he frequently repeated in these speeches gave rise to the popular quo tation, “i- winging round the circle.”— The effect of this conduct upon himself was disastrous, and tiie Autumn election indicated popular appioval of the position maintained by Congr ss. In June that body had resolved that no State should be readmitted until it had ratified the pro posed 14th amendment to the Constitution, which made all persons born or naturalized in the United States citizens thereof, and of tho State wherein they resided; and in the session of 1886-’7 it passed acts requiring the elective franchise to be granted, with out distinction of color, in tiie Territories before they should be admitted as States, and similarly extending the franchise in tiie District of Columbia, All these measures met the determined opposition of President Johnson; jbut his vetoes were regularly overridden by the constitutional majority in Congress. His argument against such measures was that tiiey initiated an untried experiment for a people who have said with one voice “t iat it is not for their good ” ana mat they wore unconsti t ottowiri on March 2u, 1867, Con gress passed over Die President’s veto an act dividing ten of the seceding States into five military districts, in making the civil government therein subject to the author ity of the United States, exercised through military commanders. After appointing the commanders, Mr. John son requested tiie opinion of Mr. Stanbury, the Attorney General, as to the legal question arising from the Recon struction Acts, aud this opinion, atter be ing considered in tho Cabinet, where Mr. Stanton alone objected to these portions calculated to nullify the law, was issued to the District Commanders as an order. Gen. Sheridan, com manding the Fifth Dis trict, soon after reported to General Grant, Commander-in Chief, that the result of Mr. Stanbery’s opinion ■ beginning to show it self by defiant opposition to acts of the Military Commander by impeding and rendering helpless the civil officers acting under his appointment.” In July Con gress passed an act decl tring the meaning of the previous act, and making tiie conduct of tho military commanders, subject only to the approval of the General of the Army. This was vetoed aud passed over the veto. 'The only resource left to the President was to change the military commander, which he did before the end of the year. On August 12th, 1867, the Presi dent notified to Mr. Stanton his suspension from office as Secretary of War, and tiie appointment of General Grant ad irterim. Mr. Stanton turned over the office to tiie latter, submitting, “under protest, to supe rior force,” but denying the right of the President to remove him. This de nial was based on the tenure of office act, (passed March 2d, 1867,) which, provided no such removal should be made without the consent of the Sen ate, and tiiat appointments to vacancies occurring during the recess of Congress should be subject to the app oval of the Senate at its next session. On August 20th, the President issued a proclamation de claring that peace, order and civil authori ty existed once mo.e throughout the United States, and ou September 27th he proclaimed an amnesty which relieved nearly all the whito inhabitants of the Southern States from any liability to con fiscation of property and restore to them the right of suffrage. When Congress assembled in September the Pi esident sent to the Senate a statement of his reason for the removal of Mr. Stan ton.but that body refused to sanction tiie re moval and Gen. Grant i nmediately re signed the office into Mr. Stanton’s hands. Ou February 21st, 1868, Mr. Stanton was again informed of his removal, and of the appointment of Gen. George Tiiomas as Secretary of War ad interim. When the Senate was officially informed of this action it passed a resolution declar ing that the President had no power to re move the Secretary of War and designate any other person to perform the duties of the office. Mr. Stanton therefore refused to vacate this office. On the f dlowirig day the House of Represen atives passed a resolution tiiat the President be impeached for high crimes and misdemeanors—yeas 126, nays 47. noL voting 17. Ihe articles of impeach ment were agreed to by tho House on March 3d, and presented to the Senate on tiie sth. The specifications were based on the President’s removal of Mr. Stanton, his expressing in publics speeches of contempt for Congress, declaring the 39th not a Con stitutional Congress, and his hinderanee of some of its acts. The trial began on March 23, the President, appearing by coun cil. In his defense he asserted that his Re eons! ruciion policy was in pursuance of a course which had been marked out and de termined upon by President Lincoln and ids Cabinet; and that Mr. Stanton, himself, had expressed his emphatic opinion of the unconstitutianality of tiie Tenure-of Office Act, when its veto was under consideration. On May 16 the Senate voted upon the article in reference to contempt of Congress and hinderanee of execution of its acts, and ou the 26th upon tiiat in reference to the removal of Mr. Stanton In each case the vote stood—guilty, 35; not guilty, 19—so the President was formally acquitted, as a two-thirds vote is required to convict. Mr. Stanton therefore resigned his office and was succeeded by Gen. Scho field. At the Democratic National Conven tion, held in New York. July 4th, 1868, Mr. Johnson’s name wa,‘- presented as a candi date for the Presidency, and on the first ballot lie received 65 votes, leading all oth er candidates, except Geo. H. Pendleton, who received 105. On the successive ballots he lost rapidly, until on the 19th he received no votes. On July 4th, Pres ident Johnson issued a proclamation of pardon to all persons except those under presentment or indictment before a United Statescourt; and on. December 25th a full pardon to everybody who had participated in the “rebellion.” On March 4th, 1869, he was succeeded in the Presidential office by U. S. Grant, and retired to his home in Nashville, Tenn. In 1870 he was a candi- i date before the Legislature of Tennessee I I for a seat in the United States Senate, but was defeated by two votes. In 1872 he was I an independent candidate for Congress i man at Large, and divided the Democratic vote with the Confederate General B. F. | Cheatham, which resulted in the election of Horace Maynard, the Republican candi date. His last political struggle was in perfect accord with his stormy life. It was his re eiection to the United States Senate last Fall. The Tennessee Legislature balloted for something like a month, during which the greatest excitement prevailed at the State capital ever known over a similar event, Mr. Johnson triumphed over Gen. Bate, Gen. Cheatham and a score of others He succeeded Brownlow, whose term of office expired on the 4th of last March.— The President called an extra session of the Senate, to sit on the sth, when Mr. John son appeared and was sworn in, serving during the short period it remained in ses sion. Such was the career of one of the mnst remarkable men of America. From the tailor’s bench he rose to the first office in the land. Whether on the slump or in the forum, he always exhibited the highest tra.ts of a remarkable man. THURMAN. Ilis Opening Speech in Ohio—An Inge nious Defence of the Democratic Platform. Mansfield, 0., July 31. —Senator Thurman addressed a Democratic meeting here to-day. In the course of his remarks he said ; “You, iny fellow- Democrats, are what are called hard money men, aud I am a hard-mouey man—that is to say, we don’t believe in an irredeemable paper currency. We believe that such a currency must ne cessarily fluctuate in value, lead to speculation and extravagance and benefit no one but money sha vers and speculators. We be lieve that our currency should consist of gold and silver, and for con venience paper convertible at par into gold and silver at will of the hold ers. Now it has been roundly asserted that the platform of our late Conven tion means just the opposite of our opinions; that it means au irredeema ble paper currency now and forever, and that consequently gold or silver or paper convertible into gold and silver shall never form a part of our circula ting medium. But certainly no such idea is expressed in the platform, nor do I believe that it is or was entertain ed by a majority ef those who approve it. I know that there are men who advocate the abandonment of gold aud silver as money, who scout the idea of redeemability of currency, who assert that whatever the Govern ment calls money is money and who regard irredeemable greenbacks as the best currency the world ever saw; but I do not think that these men constitu ted a majority of the late eouvention or of its committee on resolutions. Had such been the case their views would have been expressed without ambiguity. But you look iu vain in the platform for a direct expression in favor of irredeem ability or a direct assertion that gold aud silver should be demonetized. It advocates the substitution of green backs for national bank notes, but it nowhere says that greenbacks should be irredeemable. On the contrary, it contemplates that they shall be brought to par with gold, and, although we may not be quite able to see now tnat can be done in tfie mode proposed, its desirableness is most dis tinctly and fully recognized. And then, as to inflation, the platform does not expressly demand more currency. It denounces contraction, but does not say in plain words, “give us inflation.” What it does say is, that the volume of currency be made and kept equal to the wants of trade, and this is all. Now, I suppose that there is not, and never has been a man in any civilized coun try who w'ould not say that the volume of currency should be equal to the wants of trade. The practical ques tion is, have we tiiat volume now? And upon this question the platform is silent. FROM NEW YORK. The Thespians Lose Nothing by Dun can, Sherman & Co.—More Fail ures. New York, July 31.—The reports cir culated that several theatrical people are heavy losers by the failure of Dun can, Sherman & Cos., is without founda tion in many instances, and letters have been received from John T. Raymond, John Brougham and Wm. Wheatley, denying that they are losers. Schmale & Froweilter, extensive lager beer brewers at Marion, N. J., have failed for about $75,000. C. C. Heller and H. S. Bogert, two brokers, who went short of stocks on Duncan, Sherman & Co.’s failure, and failed to cover in time, were suspended yesterday. Beecher’s Salary to be liaised by a Mortgage—Bessie Gets a Sop—Bind ing on Tweed. New York, July 31. —The Times says, somewhat authoritatively, that Ply mouth Church officials intend to raise SBO,OOO of Beecher’s salary by mort gage of the Bethel. A fund is being raised for Bessie Turner by Plymouth congregation. Judge Barrett has refused a motion to vacate the arrest or reduce the bail iu the Tweed case. Departure of the Papal Delegation. Mgr. Roncetti, ab-legate, and his Secre tary, Rev. Dr. Übaldi,of the Papal dele gation, sailed for Europe to-day. They were escorted down the bay by a steamer containing members of the . Catholic Clergy and Laity, and were transferred to the ocean steamer at the Narrows. DEATH OF GEN. PICKETT. Honors to His Memory. Norfolk, July 31.—Gen. George E. Pickett is dead after a brief illness, aged 50. The remains of General Geo. E. Pickett were, this evening, laid in a vault till the Fall, when they will be removed to Hollywood Cemetery, at Richmond. The funeral was attended by a large number of citizens of the Masonic fraternity, members of the City Council and military, consisting of the Norfolk City Guard and the Nor folk Light Artillery Blues. Richmond, July 31.—The most pro fouud sorrow and regret prevails in this community in consequence of the death of the gallant Virginia gentle man and soldier, General George E. Pickett, who died in Norfolk last night. Arrangements are being made to hold a memorial meeting, Monday evening, of his comrades in the late war and the public generally, to give expres sions of feelings on the sad occasion. The remains of General Pickett will be temporarily deposited in a vault in Norfolk. They will ultimately be brought to Richmond for interment. The announcement of the death of ex- President Johnson also excites regret aud sympathy. FOREIGN DISPATCHES. A WAR OF WORDS. Rochefort Challenges De Cassagnac —Both Parties Bilk on the Condi tions—More Coffee than Pistols —Too Much Blab and no Business. London, July 31.—The Times reports that Henri Rochefort, on the 10th in stant, sent a challenge to Paul de Cas sagnac, calling on him to come to Gen eva immediately with his seconds. The cause of the challenge is certain arti cles in Le Pays in 1872. Cassagnac re plied with an excessively abusive letter, giving Rochefort choice of weapons and appointing Prince Alexander De Wag ram and Count Harrison his seconds. W. M. Perrin and Ordinarie having consented to act as Rochefort’s seconds, have met those of M. de Cassagnac in Paris to arrange the terms of the duel. They claim that as their principal is the insulted party he has not only choice of weapons, but the right to deter mine the distance. They then demanded that the men should meet witli pistols at a distance of live paces, and shoot at the word of command. M. de Cussagnac’s seconds said that this was simply murder, for when tho arms of the combatants were extended tiie muzzles of their weapons would almost touch. M. Rochefort’s representatives refused to admit these objections. They said their principal, considering the importance of the case, had been very particular about the conditions. The friends of M. do Cassagnac then proposed that the distance be 30 paces, each combatant to be allowed to ad vance five steps after the word is given, the time of firing to be optional and the shooting to continue until one of the parties fall. M. Rochefort’s sec onds declined this proposition, and tiie matter rests there. The Daily News has a dispatch stat ing that a minute has been drawn up and signed by the seconds of both par ties declaring it impossible to settle the conditions of the duel. Financial Holiday in Eugland—Some Consolation for American Tourists— Conflagration in Russia. Monday next is a bank holiday, and the Stock Exchange iu Mincing Lane will be closed. The cotton market, and all other Liverpool markets will also be closed. The Times, of this a. m., in its financial article says it believes ar rangements are iu contemplation which will result iu the payment of Duncan, Sherman & Co.’s circular notes in the hands of travellers. St. Petersburo, July 31. — A fire broke out on Thursday in the town of Briansk, in the Government of Oreband, and raged until to-day, when it was ex tinguished by rain. Two-thirds of the place was destroyed. The inhabitants became panic stricken during the con flagration aud fled to the fields for safety. Briansk comprised a popula tion of 13,000 souls. A Testimonial from Emperor William —Deatli of a German Leader—The Bible in Turkey—Destructive Fire at Belfast. Stuttgart, July 31.—The Emperor William contributed the prize of honor to be competeu toi at lue national match. Berlin, July 31. — Baron Von Sweit zer, leader of the Social Democrats, is dead. Constantinople, July 31.—The Gov ernment has authorized the circulation of the Bible in Turkey. Belfast, July 31. —The Bradvvood weaving factory was burned. Loss, $750,000. Seven hundred people are ousted. Punishing Socialists-French and Swiss Items. Sr. Petersburg, July 31. —Two stu dents and two citizens who were charged with being implicated in a socialist movement have been con victed aud sentenced to ten years im prisonment each. Four other persons who were convicted of the same of fense were sent to prison for short terms. Versailles, July 31.—The National Assembly to-day voted an appropria tion of eighteen million francs for sup plementary war expenses. Berne, July 31. — Four of the striking workmen on the St. Gothard tunnel were killed and eight wounded when the Swiss troops attacked the strikers last Thursday. The men have resumed work. sporting"” sews Cleveland and Saratoga Races. Cleveland, July 31.—1n the free to all race, Goldsmith Maid was first, Lula second, American Girl third. Time— -2:18%, 2:19%, 2:19%. Saratoga, July 31. —The first race to day was a free handicap for all ages for a purse of SSOO, distance one mile; nine started. Countess won by over a length, Inspiration second, McDaniel’s fillv third, Leander fourth. Time — 1:42%. Mate won the two and one-eighth mile race. Time—3:46%. Carriboo won the hurdle race. WADDY THOMPSON. The J ury Fail to Agree. Memphis, July 31. —The jury in the Waddy Thompson case were unable to agree—standing nine for conviction and three for acquittal. Should they fail to agree and be discharged, Thomp son will have to lie in jail until the next term of the court, as horse steal ing, with which he stands charged, is a capital offense. — ■ FROM FALL RIVER. Strike Among the Weavers—A Lock Out Threatened. Fall River, July 31.—A meeting of spinners resolved to strike in three of the mills. This proceeding will un doubtedly cause a general lock-out. It Is believed that the card-grinders and weavers, at a meeting to-night, will vote themselves thirty days’ vacation. BOSTON. Sale of the First Bale of Cotton. Boston, July 31. — The first bale of cot ton, of the crop of 1875-76, from Galves ton, was sold here to-day for the bene fit of the Aged Men’s Home. It brought 14 cents per pound. The wife of a colored man in South Carolina was much troubled by fleas and attempted to burn under the house with straw in order to destroy them. Whether the pile of ashes, which is now where the house was, is infested with lively insects is not known. Nothing cheers a man so much as to sit on a cracker-box in the shade of a grocery awning, and read an item about the terrible scarcity of harvest hands. -New Series—Vol. 3. No. 172. FROM WASHINGTON. Tardy Precautions Against Yellow Fever—An Example of Red Tape. Washington, July 31.—Gen. Sheridan, having telegraphed to Gen. Sherman the report of Gen. Auger, showing that there were fifty-four cases of yellow fever at Barrancas on the evening of the 26th inst., Gen. Sherman sent the following reply from St. Louis : Gen. P. H. Sheridan, Chicago Illinois: The General of the Army directs me to say that the commanding officer at Barrancas should be authorized to re move the whole or any part of his com mand to the pine woods of Florida or to any poiut the. Commanding General of the Department of the Gulf may approve, regardless of departmental lines. [Signed] Jno. M. Bacon. Mourning for Johnson—Department News—Yellow Fe5 r er Bulletins. Washington, July 31.—A1l flags are at half mast iu respect to Andrew Johnson. Bristow has gone to Kentucky for a week. Second Assistant Secretary Burnham is acting Secretary. Conant still occupies tho chair of First Assist ant Secretary. The Postmaster General has been notified by the postmaster at Fort Concho that he had secured temporary service between Fort Concho and El Paso, at the rate of $66,000 per year. The postmaster at Fort Concho is in structed to stop temporary service at that rate, as the department had per fected arrangements at the rate of $52,000 per year for two trips per week. The department has determined to pay only from $30,000 to $35,000, otherwise it will stop the mail, and supply the forts by the best means possible, Tem porary service at $52,000 is allowed only for a brief period. The following dispatch was received this afternoon by the Secretary of the Navy from the navy-yard, Pensacola ; July 31. Hon. George M. Robeson, Secretary of the Navy : I am located at night near Niestra’s brick yard, in direct communication by wire with the Navy Y’ard and the De partment. All that men can do to keep the disease out wifi be done. We are iu a good sanitary condition. The picket guard is composed of volunteers from the village, the fire department aud citizens. They have fires of pine logs kept burning during the night. Tar and rosin barrels are burnt in the yard and villages. No out-door sVork is permitted. The marines are out on the bayou. Let the work proceed. The poor can’t get away. They must live. Trust to me and I will be responsible for the good order and faithfulness of tho employes of the yard. We are prepared for eveiy emergency. AU uu acclimated persons have left. The sick officers at Barrancas are improving. It has been worse than a battlefield with the poor fellows. They could not strike back. Geo. H. Cooper, Commodore. STUDENT LIFE IN GERMANY. TWO ADVERSE VOTES THAT LED TO A SANGUINARY DUEL. A Brutal Murder at Sunrise aud a Torchlight Funeral Parade at Night. [Heidelburg Correspondence of the St. Louis Globe-Democrat.] A week ago a brilliant young fellow from Frankfort, Ilirschel by name, having enjoyed the place and privilege of “fox” for a year or more, was sent to the Corps Court to be admitted to the “Bursch.” His case was weighed sol emnly by the combined presidents, and two dissenting members were found in the seven. These gentlemen, the pres idents of the two aristocratic corps, declared that Hirschel had not borne himself bravely in the initial duels,and that he was not worthy the companion ship of braves like himself and his comrades. The decision was commu nicated to the young fellow, and the result was an instantaneous challenge to the two dissentients —a challenge which was instantly accepted, the weapons named pistols, the hour set, and the preparations pushed promptly forward, so that the affray came off the next day. So serious an event of course leaked out, and some efforts were made to have the police interfere, as they re fused to obey the college authorities. It was useless. The corps rule the col leges and the college towns, and there was nothing for it but to trust to lack of skill for a harmless encounter. At 6 o’clock in the morning the party, principals aud seconds, took carriages and drove rapidly to the neighboring hills. The trees were heavy with desv, the groves wet as with rain, the birds singing peacefully, and the yel low sunlight breaking through the branches as the murderous work was begun. There were few spectators. Short work was made of tho prelimi naries, when the two enemies placed themselves before each other. They were mere boys. The responsible per son, the leader of the Saxc-Banassin corps, who had voted against the ad mission of the other, was a fine speci men of tho average noble-born Ger man. Tall, rather more than usually shapely, with the colors of his corps over his shoulders and across his breast to his left hip, he made a striking picture. His challenger was slighter of build and more comely, a boy of per haps nineteen —neither of them over twenty-one. The seconds made a last effort to settle the affair amicably, even when the two were standing ready for the signal. The younger and the ag grieved had shaken his head impati ently. He declared life unbearable under such a stigma as his enemy had put upon him. He refused to live to be obliged to meet a man peacefully who had so grossly wronged him, and in a perfect frenzy he demanded that the work should go on. With some misgivings the young fellows consent ed, for they could see that it was Simply Murder to let a man in such a nervous state of mind and body attempt to defend him self against the cool and rather scorn ful antagonist, who showed no symp toms of undue agitation. The method of duelling with pistols here is to load one weapon only, and give both to the combatants. Neither knows which he has, of course, the loaded or the un loaded pistol, the man receiving the first choice to whom the lot falls. The details ended at ten minutes past fi, the words one, two were spoken, and two reports were heard. The challenger had drasvn the empty pistol, the work of his antagonist’s ball being plainly visible in the body of a tree behind him. The lad had proved his willinguess to stand fire, and if the other had only the pre sumption of his lack of bravery to guide him iu voting against his ad mission, this ought to convince him of his mistake. But to the surprise of everybody the young ruffian demanded the thiee shots to which by the code he was entitled. The seconds could only demur, they could not refuse. “You can’t escape now,” said the murderer. “I don’t want to escape, you cowardly slanderer,” responded his victim, promptly. Another shot hissed through the intervening space. No harm was done, however, and the seconds breathed freer. One more, and the evil work might yet end happily. Again the young savage was pleaded with. He* was reminded that it was he who was now acting the coward. He responded with that any man asserting it would have to meet him after he had finished “that fellow,” He demanded his third shot and it was given. He raised the wea pon deliberately, a beam of sunshine glistened on the barrel; he lowered the point, waited, raised it slowly, took careful aim, and at the word “two” fired. He had kept his promise; his victim could trouble him no more. The wretched boy lay on his back on the soft, wet grass, blood pouring from his body in streams. The ball had en tered the stomach just below'the naval, and death in a short time was inevita ble. The Murderer calmly replaced his coat and gloves, entered his carriage, and without a glance at his victim drove back into town. A policeman was on duty at the “ earisher” the eastern gate of the town, as the cortege returned. He wished the procession “ well to do,” and so the murdered man in one vehicle, and the murderer in the other, drove down the long main street of Heidelberg as the busy stir of the day began in*the quaint old town. Toward afternoon the result was known, and an intense ex citement resulted. The physician who had been called in reported the last last scene; the boy was dead. The warden was attending to his accustom ed pleasures, for, being a “noble born,” this class of University youth does very little study, wasting the time maiuly in pleasure, private gambling, and other excesses, carried on in iu decorous discretion, as becoming the aristocratic classes ! Common dissipa tion would be out of place in superior creatures of this breed. The friends or the murdered boy were sent for after he died ; but before, not even a notifi cation, and as they drove from the station to the body of their son, the murderer, with an escort of four com panions, passed them in high revel. On the next day the morning print of this city published a garbled ac count of the tragedy. It isn’t policy, you see, to offend the students. They support the trade of the town. With out them Heidelberg would relapse into swift decline. However, if aoy wrong had been done, it was to bo righted. The dead body was to be treated with unwonted honor. The coffin was to be conducted to the depot by all the corps in regalia. Herr Von Manckel, the murderer, at the solicita tion of his friends, graciously consented to walk next the bier, in token of recon ciliation. A Spectacle. When the funeral cortege passed Haupstrom to the depot all Heiueioerg, .su.uuu to au,ui)o people, lined the windows and curbstones, with heads uncovered and in respectfully sympathetic attitudes, that not being considered reflecting upon the univer sity or the authorities. The spectacle itself was unique. Elevated far above the heads of the crowd, the coffin stood upon a heaped pyramid of funeral fur niture and college insignia. Immor telles and grave blossoms of many kinds covered the coffin, the catafalque and the bearers. Flaring torches glar ed smokily through the feeble dark ness of an early June dusk. The town lay buried in the black shadows of the overtowering hills, the streets in semi-blackness where the shades lay thickest. Through the packed thousands the cortege wound its way slowly, the band playing the dismalest sort of dirge. Behind the hearse were a group of the dead boy’s corps comrades. After these, groups of all the other corps. But the most remarkable spectacle of all was the murderer in white knee-breeches, low shoes with silver buckles, and sword, with a plumed hat under his arm, and a flaming torch in one hand, just br.ck and next to the heaise, as though he wished to assure himself that his vic tim was finished, and that no delusion had been practiced. Behind these were the friends of the dead in carriages, and behind these all Heidelberg solemn ly falling into line as the cortege pass ed. There w ere fully two miles of torches, the student’s corps presenting a very brilliant spectacle, their swords and accoutrements flashing under the flaring pine torches which they all car ried. At the depot the body was put on the train, and the parents were left alone with the dead. The procession faced about, tho band struck up a lively march and the crowd falling into a quickstep, accompanied the torches back to the university building, where a character istic ceremony was enacted. Grouping themselves in a vast circle, the corps struck up “ Gaudeamus,” and after the glorious sounds had died away their torches were flung whirling in the air, the ceremony being significant of the termination of the career of one of their number. I hear of steps being taken to bring the murderer to justice. The penalty, according to the college code is two years’ detention in some semi-prison, generally at large in some small town. A member of the German Parliament has set to work to frame a law making duelling a capital offense in college towns ; but since the law of the empire recognizes a court of honor for affairs of this sort, I don’t see how this is to be brought about. Pere Hyacinthe closes an article on the “Church Question in Geneva,” in the Independent, in this way : “The Episcopacy of the present day is di vided into three great fragments—that of the Koman Catholic Church, the Greek Catholic, and the Anglo-Ameri can Episcopal Church. The Council of the Vatican widened the breach that separated these fragments into a gulf; but the decrees of the Council will not stand, and once again, as oft times of old, God will bring light out of dark ness, peace out of confusion, good out of evil. Not only reform, but the visi ble work of reunion is begun ; for I look for happy results from the initia tive taken by the three different churches last year at Bonn, under tho presidency of the greatest Catholic theologian of the century—Dellinger. I thus render honor to the science and religion of Germany, while I deplore her excessive political interference in church affairs. The church of to day is useless, cruelly divided, and we are rushing on, I fear—at least in tho Old World—to a catastrophe.” A Niagra Falls belle writes home: “It is horrid here —not a mau in the place worth over 315,000,