Newspaper Page Text
EDUCATIONAL DEPARTMENT,
Organ of the Seorgia Teachers Association-
Organ of the State School Commissioner, G.J.Orr
W. H- BONNEIiL,
Editor.
PUBLIC SCHOOL EDUCATION.
No III,-Fii*»l ic Schools tlic Cheap
est Form of Fdneatiou.
Cheapness is not usually a characteristic of
things valuable, nor is a thing to becommtnded
simply for cheaperss. Cheap schools are not
necessarily good odcs, but if schools are excel
lent in character and quality then the smallness
of their cost is an important consideration.
This is what I claim lor public schools. It costs
less money to give the same instruction, wheth
er little or much, to the children of a communi
ty through public free schools, than by the plan
of' private pay schools. I pass by the fact that
nmltr the io*mer arrangenunt a multitude are
educated who would otherwise grow up in ig
norance, for, though the community gets till
this benefit, the opponents ot public schools
cure DOthing for this mult. Bnt appealing to
selfish views alone, I wish to show them that in
private schools they pay more thun twice as
much for instruction, in no respect superior, as
in public schools. Putting this statement, in
anoth* r form, the community, with only private
schools, pays from two to three times as much
lor education as it would pay, in the shape of
taxes, for the best public schools. No matter
what be the school cmr cu'.um— whethere'.enun-
tary and grammar studies, or the advanced
branches of the high school—the tax upon the
pocket cf the private school patron is, for the
corresponding class of studies, per capita, more
than double the cost to the public treasury of
public school instruction. WLat real difference
does it make to the community whether this
rcbo'd expense comes out of individual pockets
or out of the city treasury ? It is the payment
of morev for work done, and the community is
the loser just in proportion as it pays an extra
amount over and above the real value of the
work. . „ ,
Now r . after so much assertion, let us offsr a tew
statistics in proof. Ttie number ot pupils at
tending tbe whole year, in the public schools of
Savannah sr,d Chatham county, for the year 18-
7G-1877. was 2 89G The enrollment was ot course
much larger but the average attendance for the
year is Ihe true number, for it shows how many
get the benefit of the year’s instruction. The to
tal cost ot the schools for tl at year, in the city
and county, including every expense, w»« $12.
181. Now", the division of this sum by 2 89G is
$14 5G, the cost of education per capita for the
whole school year ot ten months. This is less
than $1 50 monthly cost for every child. Is there
any private school in Savannah, of the humblest
sort, with tbe simplest iostrnciioa and the least
intelligent tercher, that charges a smaller fee
than this? lleinember, too, that thi3 is the av
erage cost of all the-grades of instruction, includ
ing the high schools, in which are taught not
only rhetoric and English literature, the natur
al sciences and mathematics through geometry,
but Latin, Greek, French and German. Is not
this marvelously cheap?
Suppose, now, it were proposed to abolish the
public-choc's, and remand the community back
ool instruction. Nearly ail tbe
TIGHTEN THAT SCREW.
[Lansing Republican. ]
There is a screw loose in our common sohool
system, which if not tightened will let the ma
chinery fly in pieces. We mean the tendency
towards a surface smattering to the detriment of
a thorou^j> knowledge of the elementary
branches. In these days of district and graded
schools, which are made stepping stones to onr
colleges and universities, with thousands and
tens of thorn ands of teachers wedded to the sys
tem and ready to defend its merits and defects,
the editor or writer who has the courage to crit
icise or disparage the manner in which our youth
are educated, finds himself in very much the
poFition of the man who kicked over a bee-hive.
But facts are stubborn things, and the Repub
lican has never been backward in bringing to
light and setting forth aDy facts which teach
valuable lessons. Newspaper editors and report
ers have wider opportunities than most men for
noticing defects in a system of education; and
it is the duty of every conscien'ious journalist
in the land to aid in rectifying tvils which
threaten to destroy a general system of educa
tion. Prominent educators all over the land are
becoming alarmed at, ihe mntterings of the !ax-
l ayers who think that too much money is being
laid out for the benefits received. School man
agers do not stop to inquire into the cause for
those mntterings, but go on in the lavish expen
diture of money, and teachers app’y the 'cram
ming process,’ail talking enthusihs ically tbout
the ‘higb6r education.'
What tax-payers do complain of is a system of
education which has no firm foundation to rest
upon, and which is almost useless in the every
day business of life. As an instance, it is almost
impossible to find a boy who has arrived at the
age of fifteen years, fit to become an apprentice
in a printing effiee, for the reason that he can
not spell correctly or read manuscript with any
soitcf readiness. With all om boasted graded and
high schoc’s. this is a painful assertion to make;
but, as we Lave already stated, tacts are stubborn
things. This is not confined to Michigan alone.
On tue contrary, she stands foremost ot any State
ia the Union in her perfict system and the
means provided for the education of her youth.
The txistence of such a condition of things
within her borders is all the more humiliating.
When William Henry passes through the dis
trict, the graded, and high schools, and then
through one ot the foremost colleges in the Slate,
and returns home afier years ot toil with all the
honors of those institutions clustering about
him, we natuially expect that he is supplied
with a store of knowledge which will be useful
to him in all the walks of life, but when ha pens
a ten-line if ear for a newspaper and writes
Washington's birthday as follows: ‘Washingtons
Bertbday,’ and speiis spoons ‘spurns,’ we fee!
that there is something radically wrong in the
teaching ol tLe institutions ^through which Wil
liam Henry passed. Tuis is not an isolated
case. Hardly a day passes in the life of a news
paper man without seeing just such instances.
The most startling array of facts :'s revealed in
the examination of young men for admission to
West Point. All that is requirsd cf a candidate
is that he shall be ‘well versed in atithmetic,
reading and writing, including orthography,
and have a knowledge of the elements of English
Grammar, of descriptive geography, especially
of his own count! y, and ot the history of the
United States.’ Every grammar grade boy oughi
to be uble to pass th s examination at the age ol
15. The average age of the nominee for West
Point is 19 years, and what is the result ? In
ringing in my ears, ‘You will only see the waste
wilderness, wild beasts,'and wilder savages, and
It was on the
rot v to se:mol instruction. Nearly ail the , , • . ,’ 1[C • , „
:: * . , .. Juno last, out ot 1:G nominees, including the
blacits an< • ' ! ... ’ '1 “ 1 J presidential nominee? at large, 58yur just ose-
school, Horn inability to pay tuition fees and ^ ^ the ^mmer*:' At the
scarcely a third of tbe pupils now in school
wotihl receive any book instruction whatever.
Take fifteen hundred pupils—a very large esti-
as ilie m mber then goiDg to school, the
monthly tuition fee would vary between the ex
tremes $1 and $10, and as much the larger
number would be at the lower rates, I will fix
the average tee at $4 per month. This gives
$40 per year, and for 1 500 pupils would make
*!,«, noiiual cost to the pockets of our citizens , , , . - . „ ,
half as much again as the cost ot our “ d perhaps the best in ten selected, the proof
were injected by
Naval Academy : t Anapolis, 58 per cent, of
.he whole number were n jected.
What is required for admission at West Point
is what every American citizen ought to have
and what our common schools are designed to
teach. When we consider that these candidates
for West Point tre nearly all chosen from con
gressional districts by competitive examination,
and our brightest boys usually eater the list,
SCO 0( 0
prtseut school system with its three thousand
attending pupils. I do not ask now which is
better tor the prosperity and character of the
city, to educate all its children or only half of
them; but which is more economical, to pay
$42 000 for the education of 3.000, or $60,000 for
tbe education ot 1 500?
Under such a state of facts, why is there aDy
objection to the public school system ? Why is
it not universally appreciated—if for no other
reason, as a money saving expedient in educa
tion ? It is not that the instruction is inferior,
in extent or value, for comparison will show thal
the public school course of studies is equally full
with that of the best private schoo’s, and that
the teachers are either former private school
teachers, or those regularly trained and examin
ed. These points I will expand in my next ar
ticle, and so pass them here. Why, then, to re
peat my question, is there any opposition ? I<
must be that social exclusiveness is there ignor
ed. The high and the low, the rich and the
poor, meet in the public schools on the same-
democratic level,—each child taking the stand
and winning the honors that talents and indus
try bring him. This contact in school of the
coarse and the refined, statiDg it at its strongest,
is what squeamish parents fear. This objection
is in my opinion, tbe very glory of the public
schools, that it brings the extreim s fcrgether, not
by depi easing the high, but by lifting up the
low, and it ought to rejoice the hearts of gentle
and refined parents, that society enaoles them,
by associations in her public schools at the sus
ceptible period of youth, to do good to the igno
rant, the poor and the rude. Why should polite
and re fined children fear school association with
the low and the rough? Hive domestic train
ing and influence so little power that they can
not be trusted out of sight cf Lome ? Have the
purity, refinement and grace of tbe upper class
es no power to protect laemselvts against the
rude manners and coi rse habits cf children who
have had no gentle culture? If not. their home
training is but a tLin protection, and they will
be soon overcome in the coarse battle of life.
But I Lave seen this fancied danger, and I be
lieve there is none of it. Go into one of *Uf-p. h.
lie schools, no matter of what , <. n r,o
the Girls’ High School, w her . f > > r . > .e
damage would be d ne, and an the mutual effect
of social intermingling. Girls cf ail ranks in
society drawn together by mutual regard, by re
spect "for each other’s ability, and honest enough
ti, iate , ach other at her own mtiits, mental and
n i -al.r-nd not by social siatus alone; the refined
gn .' looking v>itb interest and oiten with aomir-
au- u on her lowlier sister, and the latter giving
hei a lesson in tbe estimate of e! arreter that she
will never forget; walking or studying together
l and in hand, and being constantly surprised
that they had so misunderstood each other.
Wbat must be tl:-? result of this school-life inter
com se ? Evidently; the lifting up of the poor to
a higher i lane of conduct, smti ent, reeling
ar-d thought, syEu athy and mu red respect grow
up that, go far to break up social bigotry preju
dice aru pride of class, to repress alike envy
i-.nd i r< sumption end to elevate the aspirations
of tbe humble, and all this by sweetening and
setter irg the tone of the higher class.
In my n<xt I will discuss the relative value of
public and private schoel education.
Citizen.
Savannah, November 24, 1878.
Honest criticitm is always welcome to those
who really desire to excel and improve.
is all the more convincing that our common
schools are not performing their mission.
The epithet ‘old fogy’ is applied to everybody
who dots not admit that great progress bas been
made in our system of education, it is neverthe
less true that with all onr fine school-houses,
costly apparatus and elaborate ttxt-books, the
true idea of the common school has been almost
torgotten, and it is safe to say that a sound En
glish education was better supplied in the sim
ple roadside schbol-honse of a generation back,
than in our $G0 000 buildings of to day
I was penitent and repentant,
eve of the second day, after leaving the home
of the venerable Tompkins, when meeting ns,
came over a hill some twenty Indian men, all
mounted, and slowly riding toward us. Our rec
ognition of erch other was simultaneous and
evidently a surprise. Both the Indians and our
selves halted and for a moment scrutinized each
other. It was but for a moment, when the In
dians advanced, demonstrating by their manners
peaceful intentions. We met them half way,
when to my astonishment, Gilminot addressed
them in a language they understood. They did
not reply is the same tongne, and yet they were
comprehended by my companion. The parley
was brief, when shaking hands all around we
parted. Ttiey bad only asked where we were go
ing, and onr motives for going there. They mani
fested no surprise, and pave us such directions
as we required, and giviDg us a ham of dried
venison, bid us farewell, and each went ©n his
way.
On the following day the hills were bolder
and more aspiring, and wo diverged Irons the
riverand entering the pii iri- s, shaj ed our coarse
for Red River.
We are at the foot of the Rooky vlountains
and in the vast plain, which in bairep magnifi
cence, spreads away to the South, until reaching
Red River, and thence to the Gulf. Here,. it
rarely rains, and the few rivulets which
come down from the mountains aDd perpetuate
tbeir coins? to the lower courtry, are toil by the
dissolving snows of the mountains; which rise,
hence to their far away summits in the blue
distance of the West. RiJge, after riiige, at
long distar c*s, they culminate ore above the
other, until their altitudes aspire to m uj
thousand feet above the pea. The vapor oharged
windB come up from the sea, scaling these alti
tudes, until they rianh up to the chill of their
atmosphere, where it is condensed into rain,
and by the rivulets and rivers returned to the
sea. We are above this rain level, and conse
quently in an arid and barren region. Even the
rivulet? sent down from ‘the snow-clad moun
tains are insignificant in volume, and only met
with at long intervals. The moisture of their
margins sustains a iin ited vegetation, m ini 63t.e.i
in the giowLh of larch and cotton wood busu-s,
and dwarfed tre- s, scarcely deserving tbe digni
fied name. These fol owing the streams, are
cases in the desert- waste, and > fiord an agree
able variety to the eye, in relief of the monotony
of the treeless prairie.
•Day, after day, we traveled on through grass,
now beautifully greening tbe waste surface.
This grass matures into strong straw. The In
dians annually fire this when dried by the sun,
and arid atmosphere, this leaves a short strong
stubble, hardened by the fir?, and is a thorny
anno’ ance to the pedestrian of the prairie; espec
ially when the feet and ankles are only clothed
with the buckskin more isins of the Indians. We
are above the rain altitudes, and only the dews
of night afford moisture to the scant grass
throngh which we go. Game was b-.coniing
rare, and only found in the near presence ot
the streams; and we were becoming scarce ot
food. At times, we come upon small springy
places, Hidden down deep in tbevallus. These
furnished a scant supply of water, and about
them grew an abundance ot tail grass. At. such
places we found the antelope and deer and some
times a small herd of elk. It was our custom to re
main and rest from the fatigue of our long march
and supply onrselves as best we could with
provisions* This, in the ham or brisket of a
fat buck we cooked and carried. It was too irk
some to take more.
_Wi> folio 1 : ad as rwarl.y as we could, th# line
' lirTrf t:«« »i »•'•«*—-
THRO II EH JIBE WILDS.
Adventures in the Arkansas
and lied hiver Regions Half
a Century Ago*
PERSONAL REMINISICENSOES OF CCL. WM. SPARKS,
THE AUTHOR OF “FIFTY YEARS AGO.”
It was late when tte rain ceased, and we left
the hut of this miserable old man, and returned
to our camp at the spring. We did not feel the
sense cf solitude so keenly experienced, when
seated by the camp fire at tbe noon of night;
when conscious we were far, very far from hu
man habitation. The immediate presetce of
this group of demi-savages was a relief, and
though the stillness was intense, it was not that
of tbe dei ert wilderness, when solitude reigned
supreme. This painful quiet., where neither
beast, or bug, or humming bee, disturbed the
air- nor creaking frog, or panther’s scream is
is heard—dispels sleep, and we waited, and
watched the stars above in their cheerful twink
ling, filled with apprehensions, lest some lurk
ing foe, or stealihy serpent, should, unheard
si eat upon us, and strike or sling ns unawares
But wearied with much fatigue, we slept at-last,
even in the presence of conscious danger.
When the morning cime, it was bright and
beautiful, and the grass, and tbe young leaves,
grateful for the evening's rain, bowed in the
soft, sunlight of early May. Onr frugal rej a..t
was quickly made, and with gnn and knapsack
slung, v e marched up tbe lessening river toward
the mo nr. tains.
We weie not unconscious of the burden we
bore, and our progress was slow. There was
not much in the scenery, or topography of the
country, to attract or delight. Mount) inous and
with but little variation in ihe character of the
forest trees, or the rotting undulations of the
earth. The mind grew wf-arv, and thought
turned in upon tbe soul, and tllo heart grieve.!
for those we had leit.
My companion, familiar with this roving life
in ihe wild soliturUs ot nature, felt thi*» less
ban I. If he Lad evtr bad any local, or per
sonal attachments, he had to,gotten; or else Lis
philosophy enabled him to cast thun from him
memory, and the feeiii gs which follow from
these. He was always at Lome, and the pr<sent
all ho seemed to appr- ciate. Not so with me;
i atursiiv social, and replete with attachment*
involuntarily my tl oughts wandered away to
the places and persons I loved and had leit.
There was a void in my heart, but. my mind v. as
lull of memorii s of home, aDd friends, and I
was silent and sad. Day, aiierdav, we w andered
on, and without incidents ot interest The part- _ _
ing words ot Madame Nouibe were constantly j into the latter, and into this the tracks went.
of the meeting ot iwpTaiii, and toeluusr
was sinuous, and we found ourselves west of
the sources of the branches and in the midst of
arid desolation. Our canteens were empty*,
the sun was warm, the atmosphere without
moisture and no prospect promising water,
Unconscious of our elevation, ignorant of the
topography of^the country, we toiled on,climbing
the naked, and sometimes precipitous hills.
The blue sky above, and the cloudless sun burn
ing his way through this, the vast plain around
and before us, and we without food or w ater. The
The condition was terrible, and our seffirings
intense. We could not stop; to stay was 10 die.
On tbe seoond night of the second day ot this
agonizing period, we spread out the few articb s
of our clothing, to as great a surface as possible
to the atmosphere, that dew might saturate these,
and afford us moisture in the morning to cool
our parohed lips, and swollen tongues. The ex
pedient perhaps was the salvation of our Jiv< s.
In the morning we wrung,and sucked from these,
moisture enough to afford slight relief. With
difficulty in the early morning, we renewed our
im rch. The arid desolation of hill aDd valley,
gave no promise of reiief. The prospect of a
lingering death, amidst acute tortme, agonized
the mind, while it stimulated the body to re
newed exertion. Mid-day found us in a narrow,
sandy plain, between two rocky spurs of moun
tains, piercing down into the plains, and on
this sand there were foot prints of various wild
animals, but so loose was the sand that these
were too indistinct to designate the direction,
or the speoies of animal.
My companion was wise in wcode-craft, and
exclaimed as soon as he saw these, that we were
in the neighborhood of water. This was cheer
ing, and stimulated hope and exertion. We
separated, each to reconnoitre the different
mountain sides, and to tire his gun when wi.ter
was found, a glad signal to the other to come to
it. I had wandered half a mile before I found a
gorge opening iDto the mountain. I followed
this and had not gone up it three hundred yards
before I came to a beautiful spring, boiling up
through sand and pending its branch down the
gorge. In ecstacy I discharged my gun, threw
it on the sand, lay down to drink of this limpid
water, greedily I gulped one swallow. O ! hor
rible! it was brine itself, and in my despair I
sat down and wept. O! in that lad moment
how the thought of home and its comforts flood
ed my mind and soul. There was water and
food there, and how foolishly I had wandered
awav from these and how motiveless this wild
tramp. I whs raving when Gilminot found me
und 1 accused him as the tempter who had led
me to destruction. How calm he was in the
midst of my insane fury. When this was ex
hausted be quietly remarked:
•Do not exnaust yourself with impotent rage.
You need much, all your energies now,’ and he
assisted me to rise and bade m« follow him. I
obeyed, as a rebuked child, in sullen silence.
When we reached the open space where we
had paited, he turned and kindly said:
‘Be of good cheer, we shall soon find water,
and probably something to eat. I have been
following these tracks as best I could. They
are coming and going and they are very numer
ous and they will lead us to water, I am sure.
See, here is one very large one, but the sand is
so deep and loese, that it cannot be seen dis
tinctly enough to designate the beast that made
it. Bs If iorS or grizzly beais, one or tbe
other made it. These smaller ones are antelopes
or d*-er. Let us ioilow up tbe valley, keeping
these in view and we shall at least learn where
they go, or come from.’
I had scarcely a hope. My only reliance was
upon my companion's sagacity and skill in
woock-craft, and I submissively followed. The
heat from the sun was intense, and radiating
from the white bare sands made it almost impos
sible to endure. TLe valley was narrowing, and
the tracks wer t more concentrated. In lollowing
these around a pre j cling point from the moun
tain, we came suddenly upon a cave opening
READYMOIE! IS Uadi's bmp
If you want to make it, •
wil! little labor ?eud yourau..;
TUX, Atlanta, Oa , and you win
' experience and
• ;o A. C. At OK-
jieiil i BIO B
SEW V0BK SHOPPING;
AIRS. IIELjSN M DEC KER.n akes purchases of every
description with taMc, discrimination, and promptitude.
( ii cu!. rs, kRiiie full information and unexceptionable
reference-, Hi nt by addressing her. P. O. Box, 424:>,
MEW YORK. Sain pits sent IE e.
191-iOi.
The month, or entrance of this, wa# some five
feet in height and as many broad. We consult
ed end examined onr gnns, and loosening in
their scabbards our large hunting knives, we
entered side by side. A short distance from the
entrance, the cave tnrned almost with an aente
angle to the left and towards the plane below.
Here the darkness became Cimmerian. Tbe cave
enlarged and its roof was beyond the reach of
onr guns. We groped slowly on, uncertain of
onr security from pitfalls, or wild beasts. Lit
erally we fait our way step by step, and in si
lence. There came meeting ns, a breeze, cool
and refreshing, creating the oonvictioa that
there w-'>s more than one opening to the oave.
Our progress was slow and the result equivocal.
The silence of this extended cave was paiafnlly
intense and we seemed to feel the darkners, it
was so thick. When we spoke the reverbera
tion of the voice went back, echoing as though
there were rnaoy speaking. Again there was
found another angle in our way, turning this,
there was visible a t*unr light, ssemingly at a
great distance. As we advanced this became
palpiftble and more luminous and there was
heard in onr advance a slight noise, as of the
tr.ckliDg of water and the atmosphere’s damp-
nt?s increased. The sand beneath onr feet
grew firm and was damp. The - oiso of falling
water soon became dis'met and in a little while
we came to a small basin, filled with water and
the light incrcHHing. we saw india'inctfy a small
thread of water fulling from the roof into this
basin. In a moment onr thirst was slaked with
a draught of soft, limpid, fresh water.
This basin was not more than five feet in di
ameter and the percolation through tbe sand
seemed < qnivalar.il to the supply, tor there was
no stream flowing from it. It was naiur.tilnow
the agony of hunger was acu ely felt. The pain
of thirst had absorbed that of hanger and the
allaying of this appeared to excite the others.
We soon ascertained the light wrs let in
through a rent in the mountain side, produced
by. probably, the commotion of an earthquake.
Filling onr ean'.eeus, we soon regained the open
pain. Toe glowing sun was going behind the
mountain peaks and the neavens wera deeply
biu-. We determined to avail ourselv* s of the
concealment afforded by a large fragment of
stone which had fallen from the in on main and
imbedded itself tn the yielding sand at its foot.
This afforded shade, as well as security from che
sight of any animal coming up the valley.
In these desert wastes it is the habit of wild
anitna's to find their food in the vicinity of wa
ter, and morning and eveDir g to repair to th s
for drink - It se. med onr best chance for food,
to await the coming of tbs animals accustomed
to find their water here. With the setting sun
and twilight’s first shadow, there ctme gallop
ing up the valley a herd of antelopes. They
went rapidly into tLe cave. Dor itayed a mo
ment near its entrance. Hastily we m-.ved near
this and awaited the coining out of the herd.
This was not long, slowly they came out and
loitered as they grouped upon the plain. At a
si rial agreed upon, simultaneously we fired,
and three antelop s was the trophy. It was all
we needed and we did not w.isle ammunition at
the escaping herd. We found those we had
slain very fat. In a few minutes we were feast
ing on the warm raw liver of the largest of the
three. Do not yield to disgust gentle reader,
burger in its intensity makes p-dalabie f od,
however anaccustomed we may be to the kind
or quality, whether cooked or raw. But the old
trappers and hunters of the groat west, wilt tell
you that the raw liver of the bnffah*, elk, antelope
and deer, is a savory m as, when you can find
no fuel for cooking and when the craving appe
tite demands food.
We found sufficient fuel on the mountain side,
1'are as it app-ared, to roast t-Vtet nlgW.hroe
Lams and a sufficiency of the ribs for an abun
dant snpper and the next morning's breakfast.
With our meat cut from tte bone and packed in
our Haversacks, we leit with the rising sun and
determined to move lower down into tne plain,
until we should find a stream, the direction of
its course would indicate its debouchment iato
Red river and follow it to that stream. The
sharp stubble of the burned grass had pierced
and made sore our feet. These were in the
main covered by the green grass growing from
their roots or stubble. Every step of our prog
ress had to be made cautiously to avoid these
thorns and our advance was slow. Towards the
evening of the second day after leaving the
mountain spurs reaching down into the plain,
we discovered from an eminence a green line of
shrubs and small trees, winding tortously
through the dwarfed hills and open prairies
and travelling to the south east. We quickened
our march, for we knew there was Water where
was this green foliage, that we might reach it be
fore the night shonld shut it from view.
It was a pretty little branch of limpid water
and we were rejoiced in the discovery, for our
mountain supply was well nigh exhausted and
what remained was warm and unpalatable.
We soon learned there was plenty of game in its
neighborhood. A fat spike buck spruDg up at
our approach and after a bound or so stayed to
scrutinize us and paid the forfeit of his life as
the penalty of his curiosity.
In this pretty stream we lay down and had our
first bath since leaving the hut of the Tomp
kins. It was deliciously cool and refreshing.
We now had ail we needed, if not all we wanted,
and we abided here for some days to nurse and
anoint onr wounded feet and anclfs with veni
son suet, a most capifal remedy. Weary of rest,
though foot sore, we resumed our march, never
losing sight of the stream, yet cutting the
bends to shorten the distance as much as possi
ble. An occasional tributary had enlarged the
stream and considerably increased the volume
of water. The growth upon its banks increased
in quantity and size and at times we found suf
ficient shade to shield away the sun and give us
a cooling rest.
(TO BE CONTINUED.)
MEBUCTION OF
Passenger Fares
GEORGIA” RAILROAD
-18 SELLING—
STRAIGHT & EXCURSION
TICKETS
Between at! Station* on it* Main Line and Branches
including the Macon and Augusta Railroad, at the
following
GREATLY REDUCED RATES;
Straight Tickets at 4 cents per mile
Excursion Ticket? at 6 cents per mile,
(Good for Ten Days.)
Minimum for Straight Ticketa, Ten Cents ; Exc rsion
Tickets, Twenty Cents.
To secure the advantage of the Reduced Pales, tickets
must be purchased from the Station Age ts of the Com
pany. Conductor? are not allowed to charge 1_»» than
the regnlar tariff rata bf five (5) cents per mile.
Excursion Tickets will be good to Re) urn Ten Days
from and including the date of issue, no Lay-over priv
ilege attache?to these ticket*, nor will any be granted
The company reserve* the right to char ge, or entirely
abrogate these rates at nieasnre and without notice.
E. R. DORSKY,
iov 9-t Gen- l‘a-e. Agent.
THE GEORGIA_RAILROAD.
GEORGIA RAILROAD COMPANY, )
Superintendsnt’b office, >-
Augusta, Oa., January 17th, 1878. j
COMMENCING SUNDAY. 19th in*f. 6:00 p. m„ the fol
lowing Passenger Schedule will be operat' d:
No. 2 East Dailt. I
Lv’e Atlanta 7 4S a m I
Ar. Athens 3 30 p m j
“ Washington.. - 00 p in |
“ Camaek, 108 p in
“ Milied’ev'e .. 3 0pm
Ar. Macon ... 5 20 p m
“ Augusta 3 18 p m
No. 1 West Daily.
L've Angusta 9 45 a m
“ Macon 7 10am
“ Alii ed'v'e 9 08 a m
“ Camak ll 44 a m
“ Washington 10 45 a m
“ Athens 916 a in
Ar. Atlanta 5 00 pm
No connection to or from Washington on 8ur days.
COVINGTON ACCOM MODATJOX.
[Daily*—Except Sundays ]
L’ve-.tlanta 5 30pm | , Covington.... 5 25pm
“ Covington 8 0U p m i Ar. Atlanta 7 40 a m
No. 4 East DAii.y.
No. 3 West Daily.
L’ve Atlanta 6 00 p m ; L've Atign?ta., 5 30 p m
Ar. Augusta 6 25 a m I Ar. Atlanta 5 30 a m.
Trains Nos. 2, 1, 4 and 3 will not stop at Flag Sta'ion?.
Counectsat Augusta for all points East and South-Easi-
Snperb improved sleepers to Augusta. ! uilman sleep
ers Augusta to New York—either via Charleston or Char
iotte.
4!*trOn!y one change Atlanta to New York._sgJ
S K. Johnson, E. R. Dorsf.v,
Superintendent, Gen’l Passenger Agt.
CO.. George Stre*
mt wanted permontk
ses, Business honorable, per
orated. Write us. SLOA& &
Cincinnati. Ohio.
Memphis & Charleston B. it.
Memphis Tenn.—On ami after February 16th, 1S79
the following passenger schedule will be operaetd.
GOING WEST.
Leave Chattanooga 8 40 pm.
“ Stennsonn 10 25 pm.
“ It catur 3 00 am.
“ Cermet 8 43 am.
“ M ddletou 9'6arr\
‘‘ Grand Junction i0 58am.
-■y’live Memphis 1 38 pm.
_ -. iigit ti&iiit
Have lately been made on this line.
This road has been newiy ballasted, and the track
repaired with steel rails, these improve-.,
meats make it second to no other
road in the South.
T O T HE EAST
Close Connection i:
fcrOUt'
made for all Eastern and
astern Cities.
Only Line running THROUGH
Palace Sleeping Cars
AND DAY COACHES,
-BETWEEN-
Mempnis And Chattanooga
WITHOUT CHANGE.
TO THE WEST
Close Connection made forfall
ARKANSAS and TEXAS POINTS.
A Full set of First-class and Emigrant Tickets on
sale at all principal stations.
HOUND TR IP Emigrant Tickets
GREATLY REDUCED RATES
Now on sale at Chattanooga, to principal Texas
Points.
Day Coaches run between Bristol
and Memphis
And„between Montgomery, Alabama, and
Texarkana, Arkansas,
WITHOUT CHANGE.
BAGGAGE CHECKED THROUGH
NO fcUNDAY DELAYS
For further infoimation, as to rates, schedule
etc., address either
JAS. R. OGDEN.
Gen. Pass. Agent, Memphis, Tenn.
T. S. HAVANT,
Asst. Gen. Pass. Agent. Memphis, Tenn.
L. L. McCLESKY,
Pass. Agent, Atlanta, Ga.
Will ■■‘V- Sj
mallei FREKW-* Wfe? ,
all applicants. It enn- v *--*-CJ£
tains 2 colored plates, 500 entrravi
about 150 pages, and full descri
prices and directions for planting
varieties of Vegetable and Flower Seeds, Plants, Roses, Etc.
Invaluable to all. Send for it. Addre.-j
D. M. jFEEHY&CO. Detroit Mich.
1200
IMPORTANT
TO
SHIPPERS OF FERTILIZERS,
GEORGIA RAILROAD CO.
Office Gen’l FkeightAgt
Augusta, Ga., Ft b. 2u, 1379.
The ten per cent, reduction beretoi- re allowed ™,n'
shipments cf Fertilizer, to s a.irns uuon .hi? rf a “
branches wall be discontinued on ai d !: |t. r 28,h inst
rates as quoted in tariff book of:
From that date
her, 16th. 187S will pn vai I.
J£. R. DORSEY, Gen.
eptem-
Freight >gt.
WANTED CAN YASSERS of tnte ligence
and aiijeii
ME
Mon 3y .8 made aLd
,, aud fP ,;d character in Georgia
n„ mates, for the publications ef
,r:. A1 U^hTON & CO.. New York,
ood is accomplished in this work
JOS. VAN HOLT N \SH,
Gen, Manager for Georgia,
a d adjoining States,
44 Marietta St, Atlanta, Ga