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THE SUNNY SOUTH
THE B4TTLI FOR JHtlUL
Dr. Talmage Discourses on the
Labor Questions.
His Advice to Workmen Who Are on
Strike, Workmen Who Have Em
ployment, and Workmen Who
Have No Employment-
Anarchy Cannot Prevail
may —Kev. T. DeWitt Tal-
n»je, D. D., to-day began a series of Sab
bath morning discourses in the Brooklyn
Tabernncle on the al'-absorbing labor ques
tion. He discusses tho following subjects in
the series; “The Battle for Bread,” “The
Rights of Capital and Labor,” “The Hard
ships of the Working Classes,” “How Em
ployers and Employes Ought to Treat Each
Other,” and “The Greatest Foe of Labor,”
five in all.
The opening hymn of the service this
morning begins:
Arm of the l.onl. awake, awake!
Tut on thy strength, the nations snake!
And let the world adoring see
Triumphs of merry wrought by Thee.
After expounding appropriate passages of
scripture Ur. Talmage gave out the text
Genesis i, 2: “The earth was without form,
and void; and darkness was upon the face of
the deep. And the Spirit of GoJ moved upon
the face of the waters.” Dr. Talmage said:
Out in sp ice there hung a great chunk of
rock and mud, and water and shell, thou
sands of miles in diameter, more thousands
of miles in circumference. A great mass of
Ugliness, confusion and distortion, useless
ness, ghastliness and horror. It seemed like
a great commons on which smashed up
worlds were dumped. It was what poetry
and prose, scientist and Christian agree in
calling chaos. Out of that black, rough,
shapeless egg our beautiful world was
hatched. God stood over that original
anarchy of elements and said: “Atlantic
ocean, you go right away and lie down
there! Pacific ocean, you sleep there!
Caucasian range of mountains, you stand
there! Mount Washington, you be sentinel
there! Mont Blanc, you put on your coronet
of crystal there! Mississippi, you march there
and Missouri you marry it there!” Ana He
gathered in His almighty hands the sand
and mud and rock, and rolled and heaved
and moulded and dented and compressed
them into shape, and then dropped them in
four places; and the one was Asia, and
another was Europe, and another Africa,
and another America, North and South.
That original chaos was like the confusion
and anarchy into which the human race ever
and anon has a tendency to plunge. God
has said: “Let there be light of law, light
of justice, light of lave!" “No! No!’ say
anarchic voices; “let there ha darkness, let
there be cut-tbroatery, let there be eternal
embroglio, let there be chaos. ”
Such a social condition many are expect
ing because of the overshadowing contest
between Labor and Capital; there has not
been an intelligent man or woman duringthe
last two months who has not asked the ques
tion: “Shall we have bloody revolution in
this country?” I have heard many answer
the question in tho affirmative; I answer it
in the negative.
There may be, and there have been, terrific
outbursts of popular frenzy; but ih re will
be no anarchy; for the church of Christ,
the mightiest and grandest institution of the
planet, shall, laying hold of the strength of
the eternal God, come out, and, putting one
hand on the shoulder of Labor, and the other
on the shoulder of Capital, say: “I come in
the name of the God who turned chaos into
magnificent order to settle this dispute by
the principles of eternal justice and
kindness; and now I command you
take your hands off of each other’s
throats.” The only impartial institution
on this subject is the church, for it is made
of both capitalists and laborers, and was
founded by Christ, who was a carpenter, and
So has a right to speak for all laborers; and
who owns the earth and the solar system and
the universe, and so can speak for the' capi
talists.
As for myself, as an individual, I have a
right to be heard. My father was a farmer,
and my grandfather, and they had to work
for a living, and every dollar I own I earned
by the sweat of my own brow and I owe no
man anything, and if any obligation has
escaped my memory come and present your
bill when I descend from this pulpit and I
will pay you on the spot. I am going to
say all that I think and feel on this subject
and without any reservation, asking your
prayers that I may be divinely directed in
this important series of Sabbath morning
discourses.
That labor has grievances I will show you
plainly before I get through this course of
sermons. That capital has had outrage com
mitted upon it I will make evidenffbeyond
dispute. But there are right and wrong
ways of attemp ing a reformation.
When I say there will bo no return to social
chaos, I do not underrate the awful peril of
these tim.s. We must admit that the ten
dency is toward revolution. Great throngs
gather at some points of disturbance in al
most all our ci ies. Rail trains hurled over
the rocks. Workmen beaten to death within
eight, of their wives and children. Factories
assailed by molis. The faithful police of our
cities exhausted by vigilance night and day.
In some cases the military called out. The
whole country asking the question: “What
next?” An earthquake has with one hand
taken hold of this continent at the Pacific
beach, and wi.h the other hand has taken
hold of the continent at the Atlantic beach,
and shaken it till every manufacturing, com
mercial, agricultural, literary and religious
interest has trembled. A part of Bel
gium, one great riot. Russia and Germany
and Austria keeping their workmen quiet
only by standing armies so vast that they
are eating out the life of those nations. The
only reason that Ireland is in peace is be
cause she is hoping for home rule and the
triumph of Gladstonism. The labor quarrel
is hemispheric, aye, a world-wide quarrel
mu! the who e tendency is toward anarchy.
But one way in which wo may avoid
anarchy is by letting the people know what
anarchy is. We must have the wreck
pointed out in order to steer clear of it
anarchy is abolition of right of property.
It makes your store and your house and
your money and your family mine, and
mine yours. It is wholesale robbery.
It is every man’s hand against every
other man. It is arson and murder and
rapine and lust and death triumphant It
means no law, no church, no defense, no
rights, no happiness, no God. It means hell
let loose on earth, and society a combination
of devils incarnate. It means extermination
of everything good and the coronation of
everything infamous. Do you want it?
Will you have it? Before you let it get a
good foothold in America take a good look
at the dragon. Look at Paris, where for a
few days it held sway, the gutters rid with
blood and the walks down the street a
stepping between corpses, the arehbi-hop
ihot as he tries to quell the mob, and every
man and woman armed with knife or pistol
or bludgeon. Let this country take
CM good, clear, scrutiniz.ug look at
anarchy before it is admitted, and it will
never be allowed to set up its reign in our
borders. No, there is too much good sense
dominant in this country to permit anarchy.
All good people will, together with the
officers of civil government, cry “peace!”
and it will be re-established. Within six
months there will be a kindlier understanding
between Labor and Capital than has ever
been known in this country. They have
had demonstrated as never before, their ab
solute depen lenceupon each other.
Meanwhile my brotherly counsel is to three
classes of laborers:
First, to those who are at work: Stick to
it. Do not amid the excitement of these
times drop your employment, hoping that
something better will turn up. He who
gives up work now, whether he be railroad
man. mechanic, farmer, clerk or any other
kind of employe, will probably give it up for
starvation. You may not like the line of
steamers that you are sailing in, but do not
jump overboard in the middle of the Atlan
tic. B • a little earlier than usual at your
post of work while this turmoil lasts, and at
tend to your occupation with n little more
assiduity than has ever eharacterlz si you.
My brotherly counsel, in the second place,
is to those who have resigned work. It is
best for you and best for everybody to go
back immediately. Do not wait to see what
others do. Get on board the train of na
tional prosperity before it starts again, for
start it will, start soon and start mightily.
Last year in the city of New York there
were forty-five general strikes and one hun
dred and seventy-seven shop strikes. Suc
cessful strikes, ninety-seven; strikes lost,
thirty-four; strikes pending at the time the
statistics were made, fifty-nine; strikes com
promised, thirty-two. Would you like m«i
to tell you who will make the most out of the
present almost universal strike? I can and
will. Those will make the most out of it
who go first to work.
My third word of brotherly advice is to
another class of laborers, namely, those who
have been a long time out of work. How
many of them? Before this present trouble
began there were nearly two million people in
this country out of work, and could not get
work. I have for the last ten years been
busy much of the time in trying to get peo
ple work who asked for it. I have worn
myself out again and again, as many of you
have, to get employment for those who be
sought it In some cases we succeeded, in
others failed. My brotherly counsel
is to the nearly two million peo
ple who could not get work before
this trouble began. and who have
themselves aiid their families to support,
to go now anifi take-the vacated places. Go
in and take those places a million and a half
strong. Green hands you may be now, but
you will not be green bands long. My senti
ment is full liberty for all who want to
Btrike to do so, and full liberty for all who
want to take the vacated places. Other in
dustries will open for those who are now
taking a vacation, for we have only opened
the outside door of this continent, and there
is room in this country for eight hundred mil
lion people, and for each one of th?m a home
and a livelihood and a God.
So, however others may feel about this
excitement as wide as the continent, I am
not scared a bit The storm will hush.
Christ will put his foot upon it as upon
agitated Galilee. As at the beginning, chaos
will give {dace to order as the spirit of God
moves upon the waters. But hear it, work
ingmen of .America! Your first step toward
fight and betterment of condition will ba an
assertion of your individual independence
from the dictation of yOur fellow workmen.
You are a free man, and let no organiza
tion come between you and your best in
terest. Do not let any man or any body of
men, tell you where you shall work, or where
you shall not work, when you shall work or
when you shall not work. If a man wants
to belong to a labor organization, let him
belong. If he does not want to belong to a
labor organization, let him have perfect
liberty to stay out. You own yourself. Let
no man put a manacle on your hand or foot
or head or heart.
I belong to a ministerial association that
meets once a week. I love all the members
very much. We may help each other in a
hundred ways, but when that association
shall tell me to quit my work and go some
where else, that I must stop right away be
cause a brother minister has been badly
treated down in Texas, I will say to that
ministerial association: “Get the© behind
me, Satan I” Furthermore, I have a right to
resign my pastorate of this church and
say to the people: “I decline to work
for you any longer. I am going.
Good-by. ” But I have no right, af
ter 1 have quit this pulpit, to
linger around the doors on Sunday mornings
and evenings with a shotgun to intimidate
or hinder the minister who comes to take my
place. I may quit my place and continue to
be a gentleman, but when I interfere with
my suece-sor in this pulpit I become a criminal
and deserve nothing better than soup in a tin
bowl in Sing Sing penitentiary. Here is astate-
ment that I would have every laborer put in
his memorandum book or paste in his hat,
md every newspaper put at the head of its
columns. There are now about twelve
million people in this country re
ceiving wages and about six hun
dred thousand belonging to organizations
that control their labor. I would have a:l
the six hu dred thousand do as they please,
and I would have all the other eleven
million four hundred thousand do as they
please. You will admit that the six hundred
thousand in such organizations ought not to
control the eleven million four hundred
thousand laborers not in them. Your first
duty, O laboring man, is to your family.
Let no one but Almighty God dictate to you
how you sha 1 support them. Work when
you please, where you please, at what you
please and allow no one for a hundred mil
lionth part ol a second to interfere with
your right When we emerge from the
present unhappiness, as we soon will, we
shall find many tyranries broken and Labor
and Capital w.ll march shoulder to sroulder.
This day I declare the mutual dependence
Df Labor and Capitol. An old tentmaker
put it just right—I mean Paul—when he de
clared: “The eye cannot say to the band, I
have no need of thee. ” You have examined
some elaborate machinery—a thousand
wheels, a thousand bands, a thousand levers,
a thousand pulleys, but all controlled by one
great water wheel, all the parts adjoined so
that if you jarred one part you jarred all
the parts. Well, society is a great piece of
mechanism, a thousand wheels, a thousand
pulleys, a thousand levers, but all controlled
by one great and ever-revolving force—the
wheel of God’s providence. So thoroughly is
society balanced and adjusted, that if you
harm one part you harm all the parta The
professions interdependent, all the trades in
terdependent, Capital and Labor interde
pendent, so that the man who lives in a man
sion on the hill, and the man who breaks
cobblestones at the foot of the hill, affect
each other’s misfortune or prosperity. Dives
cannot kick Lazarus without hurting his
own foot. They who throw Shadrach into
the furnace get their own faces scorched and
blackened. No such thing as independence.
Smite society at any one point and you smite
the entire community. Or to fall back on the
old tent maker’s figure, what if the eye should
gay: “I am overseer of this physical anato
my; I am independent of all the other mem
bers; if there is anything 1 despi-e it is those
miserable and lowlived fingers!” What if
the hand should say: “I am boss workman;
I am independent of all the other members;
look at the callous in my palm and
the knots of my knuckles; if there
is anything I hate it is the human
eye. seated under the dome of the forehead,
doing nothing but look!” Now, we come in
this morning to break up that quarrel, and
we say: “Oh, silly eye, how soon you would
swim in death if you had not the hand to
support and defend you. Oh, silly hand, you
would be a mere fumbler in the darkness if
it were not for the human eye.” The eye
cannot say unto the hand: “I have no need
of thee.”
R alief will come to the working classes of
this country through a better understanding
betweeu Capital and Labor. Before this con
test goes much further it will be found that
their interests are identical; what helps
one helps both; what injures one
injures both. Show me any point in
the world’s history of six thousand years
where Capital was prospered an 1 Labor op-
presse l, or where Labor was prospered and
Capital oppressed. What is the state of
things now? Labor at its wits’ end to get
bread; Capital at its wits’ end to pay
the taxes and to keep the store and factory
running. Show me any point in the last
fifty years where Capital was gel ting large
accumulation, and I will show you the point
at which Labor was getting large wages.
Show me a point at any time in the last
fifty years where Labor was getting
large wages, and I will show you the point
where Capital was getting large profits
Until Ihe crack of doom there wifi be no re
lief for the working classes until there is a
better understanding between Labor and Cap
ital and this war ends. Every speech that
Capital makes against Labor is an adjourn
ment of our national prosperity. Every
speech that Lab ir makes against Capital is an
adjournment of our national prosperity.
When the Capital of the country maligns La
bor it is the eye cursing the hand. When La
bor maligns Capital it is the hand cursing the
eye. The capitalists of the country, so far
as I know them, are successful laborers. If
the capitalists in this house to-day would
draw their glove, you would see the broken
finger nail, the scar of an old blister, here
and there a stiffened finger joint. The great
publishers of New York and Philadelphia,
so far as I know them, were bookbinders or
printers on small pay. The carriage manu
facturers of the country used to sandpaper
the wagon bodies in the wheelwright’s shop.
On the other hand, you will find in all our
great establishments men on wages who used
to employ their one hundred and five hun
dred hands.
Peter Cooper was a gluemaker. No one
begrudged him his millions of dollars, for he
built Cooper Institute and swung open its
doors for every poor man’s son, and said to
the day laborer: “Send your boy up to my
institute if you want him to have a splendid
education.” And a young man of this church
was the other day walking in Greenwood
cemetery and he saw two young men putting
flowers on the grave of Peter Cooper. My
friend supposed the young men were relatives
of Peter Cooper and decorated his grave for
that reason. “No,” they said, “we put these
flowers on his grave because it was through
him we got our education.” Abraham
Van Nest was a harness maker in New York.
Through economy and industry and skill he-
got a great fortune. He gave away to help
others hundreds of thousands of dollars. I
shall never forget the scene When I, a green
country lad, stopped at his house, and after
passing the evening with him he came to
the door and came outside and said: “Heye,
De Witt, is fifty dollars to get books with.
Don’t say anything about it.” And I neter
did till the good old man was gone. The
wealthy men of the Twentieth century are
in these last fourteen years of the Nineteenth
century, sitting with their feet oirdks
shuttle, or standing up swinging the pickax,
or doing some kind of hard work, and from
the same classes are to come the philosophers
and poets and orators. Henry Clay was
“the Millboy of the Slashes.” Hugh Miller,
a stonemason; Columbus, a weaver; Halley,
a soap boi'er; Arkwright, a barber; the
learned Bloomfield, a shoemaker; Hogarth,
an engraver of pewter plate, and Horace
Greeley started fife in New York with ten
dollars and seventy-five cents in his pocket.
The distance between Capital and Labor is
not a great gulf over which is swung a
Niagara suspension bridge, it is only a step
and the laborers here will cross over and
become capitalists. Would to God they would
shake hands while they are crossing, these
from one side and those from the other side.
The combatants in this great war between
Capital and Labor are chiefly, on the one side,
men of fortune who have never been obliged
to toil and who despise labor, and, on the
other hand, men who could get labor but
will not have it. will not stick to it. It is
the hand cursing the eye, or the eye cursing
the hand. I want it understood that the la
borers are the highest style of capitalists.
Where is their investment? In the bank? No.
In railroad stock? No. Their muscles, their
nerves, their bones, their mechanical skill,
their physical health, are the highest
kind of capital. The man who has two feet,
and two ears, and two eyes, and ten fingers,
owns a machinery th^t puts into nothing
ness Corliss’ engine and all the railroad roll
ing stock, and all the carpet, and screw, and
cotton factories on the planet I wave the
flag of truce this morning between these con
testants. I demand a cessation of hostilities
between Labor and Capital. What is good
for one is good for both. What is bad for
one is bad for both.
Again, relief will come to the working
classes of this country through a co-opera
tive association. I am not now referring to
trades unions. We may hereafter discuss
that question. But I refer to that plan by
which lab. rers become their own capitalists,
taking their surpluses and putting them
together and carrying on great enterprises.
In England and Wales there are 765 co
operative associations with three hundred
thousand members, with a capital of
$14,000,000, doing business in one year
to the amount of $57,000,000. In Troy, N.Y.,
there was a co-operative iron foundry asso
ciation. It worked well long enough to give
an idea of what could be accomplished when
the experiment is fully‘developed. Thomas
Brassey, one of the first of the English par
liament, declared: “Co-operation is the one
and only solution of this question; it is
the sole path by which the laboring
classes, as a whole, or any large
number of them, will ever emerge from the
hand to mouth mode of living, and get their
share in the rewards and honors of our ad
vanced civilization.” Thomas Hughes, the
ablest and the most brilliant friend of the
working man; Lord Derby, John Stuart
Mill, men who gave half their lifetime to
the study of this question, all favor co-oper
ative as-ociation.
The principle was illustrated in Ireland.
One day a mail coach traveler found a man
standing in the water repairing a dam. “Are
you working by yourself?” inquired the
traveler. “Yes.” was ihe answer. “Where
is your stewardT “We have no steward?”
“Who is your master?” “We have no
master. We are on a new system.” “Then
who sent you to do this work?” “The com
mittee.” “Who is the committee?’ “Some
of the members.’’ “What members do you
mean?’asked the visitor. “The plowmen
and laborers who are appointed by us as a
committee. I belong to the new svstemitea.”
You say that there have been great failures
In that direction. I admit it. Every great
movement at the start is a failure—the ap
plication of steam power a failure, eicctro-
telegrapby a failure, railroading a failure—
but after a while the world’s chief successes.
I hear aome say: “Why, it is absurd to talk
of a surplus to be put into this co-operative
association when men can hardly get enough
to eat and wear and take care o; their fam
ilies.'’ I reply: “Put into iny hand the
money spent in the last five years in this
country by the laboring classes for rum and
tobaqpo, and I will start a co-operative in-
utitution of monetary power that will sur
pass any financial institution in the United
States. ”
Again: I remark that relief will come to
the working classes through more thorough
discovery on the part of employers that it is
best for them to let their employes know just
how matters stand. The most of the capi
talists of to-day are making less than 6 per
cent., less than 5 per cent, less than 4 per
cent on their investments. Here and there
is an anaconda swallowing down every
thing, but such are the exception. It is
often the case that employes blame their
employer because they suppose he is
getting along grandly, when he is
oppressed to the last point of oppression. I
knew a manufacturer who employed more
than a thousand hands, f said to him: “Do
you ever have any trouble with your work
men? do you have any strikes?” “No.” he
said. “What! in this time of angry discus
sion be ween Capital and Labor, no trouble?”
“None at, all—none.” I s lid: “How is that?”
“Well,” he said. “I have a way of my own.
Every little while I call my employes
together, and I say: ‘Now, boys, I
want to show you how matters stand.
What you turned out this year brought so
much. You see it isn’t as much as we got
last year; I can’t afford to pay you as much
as I did. Now, you know I put all my
means in this business. What do you think
ought to be my percentage, and what wages
ought I to pay you? Come, let us settle this.’
And,” said that manufacturer, “we are al
ways unanimous. When we suffer we all
suffer together. When w-> advance we ad
vance together, and my men would die for
me.” But when a man goes among his em
ployes with a supercilious nir, and drives up to
his factory as though he were the autocrat
of the universe, with the sun and moon in
his vest pockets, moving amid the wheels of
the factory, chiefly anxiou lest a greased or
smirched hand should touch his immaculate
broadcloth, he will see at the end he has made
an awful ‘mistake. I think that employers
will find out after awhile that it is to their
interest, as far as possible to exnlain mat
ters to their employes. You be frank with
them, and they will be frank with you.
Again, I remark, relief will come to the
laboring classes tbrr ugh the religious rectifi
cation of the country. Labor is appreciated
and rewarded just in proportion as a country
is Christianized. Why is our smallest coin a
penny, while in China it takes six or a dozen
pieces to make one penny, the Chinese carry
ing in his own country the “cash,” as it is
called, around his neck like a string of beads,
a dozen of these pieces necessary to make the
value of one of our pennies? In this country,
for nothing do we want to pay less than a
penny. In China, they often have to
pay the sixth of a pennv, or the
twelfth of a penny. What is the difference?
Christianity. Show ma a communi'y that
is thoroughly infidel, and I will show you a
community where wages are small. Show
me a community that is thoroughly Chris
tianized, and I will show you a community
where wages are comparatively large. How
do I account for it? The philosophy is easy.
Our religion is a democratic religion. It
makes the owner of the mill understand he
is a brother to all the operatives in that mill
Born of the same Heavenly Father, to lie
down in the same dust, to be saved by the
same supreme mercy. No putting on of airs
: n the sepulcher or in the judgment
An engineer in a New England factory
gets sleepy, and he does not watch the steam
gauge, and there is a wild thunder of explo-
g : on, and the owner of the mill and one of
the workmen are slain. The two slain men
come up toward the gate of heaven. The
owner of the mill knocks at the gate. The
celestial cate keeper cries: “Who is there?”
The reply comes: “I was the owner of a
factory at Fall River, where there was an
explosion just now, and I lost my life, and I
want to come in. ” “Why do you want to come
in, and by what right do you come in?’ asks
the celestial gatekeeper. “OhP’ says the
man, “I employed two or three hun
dred hands. I was a great man at
Fall River.” “You employed two or
three hundred men,” says the gatekeeper,
“but how much Christian grace did you
employ?’ “None at all,” says the owner of
the mill. “Step back,” says the celestial
gatekeeper, “no admittance here for you.”
R ; ght after comes up the poor workman.
Ha knocks at the gate. The shining gate
keeper says: “Who is there?” Ho says:
“I am a poor workman; I come up from the
explosion in Fall River; I would liki to
enter.” “What is your right to come in
here?” asks the shining gatekeeper. The
workman says: “I heard that a shining
messenger came forth from your world to
our world to redeem it. I have been a bad
man. I used to swear when I hurt
my hand with the wheel; I used to be angry;
I have done a great many wrong things, but
I confessed it all to the messenger that came
from your country, and after I confessed it
he told me to come up here, and that you
may know I have a right to come, there i-
his name on the palm of mv hand; here is
his name on my forehead.” Then there is a
sound of working pulleys, and the gates lift,
and the workingman goes in. There was a
vast difference between the funerals at Fall
River. The owner of the mill had a great
funeral. The poor workman had a small
funeral. The man who came up on his own
pompous resources was shut out of heaven.
The poor man, trusting in the grace of the
Lord Jesus Christ, entered heaven.
So you see it is a democratic religion. I
do not care how much money you have, you
have not enough money to buy your way
through the gate. I do not care how poor
you are, if you have the grace of God in your
heart, no one can keep you out If the
shining gatekeeper, smitten by some injustice,
should try to keep you out, all heaven
would fiy from their thrones, and they would
cry, “L-'t him in! Let him ini” My friends,
you need to saturate our populations with
the religion of Christ, and wages will be
larger, employers will be more considerate,'
all the tides of thrift will set in.
I have the highest authority for saying that
Godliness is profitable for the life that now
is. It pays for the employer. It pays for
the employe. The religion of Christ came
out to rectify all the wrongs of the world,
and it will yet settle this question between
Labor and Capital just as certainly as you sit
there and I stand here The hard hand of
the wheel and the soft hand of the counting
room will clasp each other yet. They will
clasp each other in congratulation. They
will clasp each other on the glorious morn
ing of the millennium. The hard hand
will say: “I plowed the desert into a
garden;” the soft hand will reply: “I
furnished the seed.” The one hand will say:
“I thrashed the mountains;” the other hand
•will say: “I paid for the flaiL” The one
hand will say: “I hammered the spear into
a pruning hook;” and the other hand will
answer: “1 signed the treaty of peace that
made that possible.” Then Capital and
Labor will lie down together, and the lion
and the lamb, and the leopard, and the kid,
and there wid be nothing to hurt or to de
stroy in all God’s holy mount, for the mouth
of the Lord hath spokeu it
IKailroad SSttirie.
PIEDMONT AIR-LINK ROUTE
Richmond & Danville System.
CONDENBED SCHEDULE IN EFFECT MAT
2d, 1886.
Trains run by 75th Meridian time—One honr
fatter that 90th Meridian time.
Northbound, Daily.
No. 5L No. 53
Leave Atlanta 5 00pm 8 40am
Arrive Geineeville 7 08 p m 10 37 a m
“ Lola 7 30pm 1100 am
“ locoes 8 54pm 12 03 pm
“ Benera 9 59 p m 12 57 p m
“ Easley 1104 pm 2 05pm
“ Greenville 11 32 p m 2 30 p m
” Spartanburg 12 45 am S 43 p m
“ haffney 138am 4 32pm
“ Gastonia 2 fl a m 5 41 p m
“ Cbarlstte 4 06am 6 25pm
“ Sansbsry 5 48am 801pm
“ Greensboro 7 35 am 9 35pm
“ Raleigh 1 35pm
“ Goldsboro 4 40pm
“ Danville 9 42am 1126 pm
“ Richmond 8 37pm 700am
“ Lynchburg 12 45 pm 2 10am
“ Charlotttesville 315pm 4 25am
“ Washington 8 30pm 8 45 a m
“ B-ltin ore 11 25 p m 10 13 a m
“ Philadelphia.. ... 3 00am 12 35 pm
“ New York 6 20am 8 20pm
Southbound, Daily.
No. 50. No. 52.
Leave New Tork.... 12 UC n'gt 4 30 p m
“ Philadelphia 7 20am "fOpm
“ Baltimore 9 50 a m 9 45 p m
“ Washington ltiSam 1100pm
“ Charlottesville 350pm 800am
“ Lynchburg 6 15pm 5 15 a m
“ Danville 9 25pm 8 04am
“ Richmond 3 25pm 2 10am
“ Goldsboro It atom
“ Raleigh 5 (Op m
“ Greensboro... 1121pm 9 59am
“ Salisbury 1 ll am 11 23a m
“ Charlotte 3 CO am 100pm
“ Gastonia 3 49 a m 1 42 p m
“ Gaffney's S 14am 2 49 pm
“ Spartanburg 5 56 a m 8 84 p m
“ Greenville . 7 14 am 4 49 pm
“ Estliy 7 42 a m 5 14 p m
“ Seneca 8 55 am 6 12 p m
“ Toccoa 9 56 a m 1 (9pm
“ Lnla 11 08 a m 76pm
“ Gainesville 11 84 a m 50 p m
Arrive Atlanta 1 4i p m 10 40 p m
SLEPING-CAR SERVICE.
On trains 50 and 51 Pullman Buffet Sleeper be
tween hew York and Atlanta.
On trains 52 Bnd 13 Pullman Buffet Sleeper be
tween Washington and New Orleans; Washing
ton and ingueta. Pullman bleeper between
Greensboro and Bicbmoid.
Through ucket6 on seleat princiial stations,
to all pointe. For rates and information, apply
to any agent of the Company, or to
E. ,B THOMAS, C. W. CHEARS,
Gen’lManager, Aee’t Gen. Pass. Agt.,
Richmond Va.
THE GEORGIA RAILROAD.
GEORGIA RAILROAD COMPANY.
Office Genrral Manager,
Angnsta. Ga., Nov. 81at, 1885.
Commencing Sunday, 22d proximo, the follow
ing passenger schedule will be operated:
Trains run by 90th meridian time.
FAST LINE.
NO. 27 WEST-DAILY.
Leave Angnsta 7 40 am
Leave Athens.,. 2 « anl
Leave Gainesville 7 55 am
Arrive Atlanta 1 00 P™
NO. 28 EAST-DAILY.
Leave Atlanta 2 45 pm
Leave Gainesville 5 55 am
Arrive Athens 7 40 pm
Arrive Augusta — 8 15 pm
DAY PASSENGER TRAINS.
TEXAS ft ST. L0UIS RY.
THE NEW THROUGH LINE
Between the
Southeast and the Great
Southwest,
BEST ROUTE to all points In
EASTERN ARKANSAS
And Southern, Eastern and Central
Texas.
The Equipment was built by the Pullman
Company, is all new and elegant. Pullman
Palace Sleepers, Pullman Parlor C^rs, i-ndDay
Coaches Specially good accommodations for
all classes of travel. Low Pates and Pound
Trip Tickets to all principal points. For Maps,
Time Tables, Ac., Sc., apply to any Agent to the
Company, or to
A. S DODGE, J. S. LEITH,
Gen. Pass. Ag’t, Southern Pass. Ag’t,
Texarkana, Tex. Nashville, Tenn.
W. P. ROBINSON, Traffic Manager,
St. Louis, Mo.
QUICKEST TIME
ATLANTA.
MEMPHIS
—IS BY THE—
East Tenn., Va., & Ga., R. R.
AND
MEMPHIS & CHARLESTON R. R.
NO. 2 EAST-DAILY.
L’ve Atlanta.. 8 00 am
Ar.Gainesville 8 25 pm
“ Athens 5 30 pm
“ Washington. 2 20 pm
“ Miiledgeville 4 48 pm
“ Macon 615 pm
“ Augusta 8 85 pm
NO. 1 WEST-DAILY.
L've A ugnsta.. 10 50 am
“ Macon 710 am
“ Miiledgeville 9 38 am
“ Washington. 1120 am
“ Athens 9 00 am
Ar. Gainesville 825 pm
“Atlanta 5 40 pm
NIGHT EXPRESS AND MAH
NO. 4 EAST-DAILY. I NO. 3 WE8T-DAIDY.
L’ve Atlanta ..815 pm I L’ve Augusta.. 9 45 pm
Ar. Angnsta.. 5 50 am | Ar. A lan ta... 6 45 am
COVINGTON ACCOMMODATION.
L’ve Atlanta.. 5 50 pm I L’v- Covington 5 40 > m
Decatur 6 26 pm I L’ve Decatur.. 7 20 am
Ar. Covington. 8 80 pm | Ar. Atlanta... 7 55 am
DECATUR TRAIN.
(Daily except Sundays.)
L’ve Atlanta.. 9 03 am I L’ve Decatur... 9 45 am
Ar. Decatur... 9 30 am I Ar. Atlanta.... 1015 am
CLARK8TON TRAIN.
L’vdAtlanta ..1210 pm 1 L’ve Clarketon 1 25 pm
L’ve Decatur. .12 40 pm 1 L’ve Decatur.. 1 45 pm
Ax. Clarkston .12 52 pm I Ar. Atlanta... 2 20 pm
Trains Nos. 2,1,4 and 3 will, if signaled, stop
at any regular schedule flag station.
No connection for Gainesville on Sundays.
Train No. 27 will stop at and receive passen-
8 ere to and from the following stations only:
Irovetown, Berzefis, Harlem, Dearing, Thomp
son, Norwood, Barnett, _ Craw ford ville. Union
Point, Greensboro. Madison. Rutledge. Social
Circle, Covington, Conyers, Stone Mountain and
Decatur. These trains make close connection
for all points east, southeast, west, ronthweet,
north and northwest, and carry through sleepers
between Atlanta and Charleston.
Train No. 28 will atop at and receive parcen
ers to and frem the following stations only:
-rovetowu, Berzelia, Harlem, Dearing, Thomp
son. Norwood, Barnett, Crawfordville, Union
Point, Greensboro, Madison, Rutledge, Social
Circle, Covington, Conyers, Lithonia, Stone
Mountain and Decatur.
No. 28 stops at Union Point for snpper.
Connects at Angnsta for all points east and
aonthe< at.
J. W. GREEN, E. B. DORSEY,
Gen’l Manager. Gen’l Pass. Agent.
JOE W. WjHITE,
Gen’l Traveling Passenger Agent,
Angnsta. Ga.
THE
CORGIA PACIFIC RAILWAY
COMPANY.
General Passen er Department.
BiBmNGHAM, Ala., Jan. 1,1888.
SCHEDULE OF PASSENGER TRAINS.
WESTWARD.
No. 54. Mail and Expreea.—Leaves Atlanta 806
a. m. daily. Stops at all stations. Arrives at
Birmingham 8:55 p. m. _ ,
No 50. Fast Line-New Orleans, Vicksburg and
Shreveport.—Leaves Atlanta 4:80 p. m. daily.—
Stops at Chattahoochee. Taller oosa and inter
mediate regal' r e ations. Anniston and Oxana.
Arrives at Birmingham 11*5 p. m.
No. 52. Night Passenger — Leaves Atlanta 10:00
p. m. daily—Stops at all stations. Arrives at Bir
mingham 9*0 a. m.
EASTWARD.
No. 55. Passenger and Mail—Leaves Birming
ham 8*0 a. m. daily—stops at all stations. Ar
rives at Atlanta 8*0 p. m. .
No. 51. Night Paseenger—Leaves Birmingham
5:45 p. m. daily—atopa at all stations. Ar, ivea
at Atlanta 9*0 a. m.
No. 58. Fast T' am.—Leaves Birmingham
1*5 a. m. daily—stops only at Anniston, Oxana,
Tallapoosa, and s ations east of Tallapoosa. St
ines st Atlanta 7*5 a. m.
Maim Boudoir Sleeping and Dining Cara be
tween Atlanta and New Orleans via The Georgia
Pacific Railway and Queen and Crescent on traine
Trains 51 and 58 Connect at Atlanta with E. T.
V, A G. B. B., C. B. B. of Ga. and Ga. B. B. for
ointe in Georgia and Florida and with Piedmont
_ir-Line for points in the Carotin as, Virginia
and the North and East. , , „
The fastest line to Washington, Baltimore Phil
adelphia and New York.
Pullman Caw, Atlanta New York without
change. *
Trains 50 and 52 leave Atlanta on.arrival of New
York trains via Piedmont Air-Line and make
the faeteet time via New Orleans and Shreveport
to all points in Texas. .uni
All trains arrive at and depart from the union
Gen’l Knp’t
Gen’l Pass. Agent.
OPIUM
Mention this paper.
and Whiskey Hab
its cured at home with
out pain. Book of pari
ticulars sent FREE.
B. M.WOOLLEY, M. D.
Atlanta, Ga. Office
i66tt Whitehall Street.
(Ml)
73 MILES SHORTEST LINE
FROM
CHATTANOOGA to MEMPHISi
Only 17 Honrs from Atlanta to Memphis
Leave ATLANTA every day, - 12:15 n’n
Arrive CHATTANOOGA, every day, 6:00 pm
Leave CHATTANOOGA, “ 6:10 pm
Arrive MEMPHIS, “ 5:20 am
OVER 7 HOURS QUICKER
Than any other line leaving ATLANTA in the
afternoon.
CLONE CONNECTION AT MEMPHIS
FOR TEXAS. ARKANSAS, KAN-
KAS AND MISSOURI.
Call and see JACK JHM, Met
Agent Atlanta, Ga.
C. H. HUDSON, C. N. KNIGHT,
General Mannger. Div. Pass Agent.
B. W.WRENN.
Gen. Pass. & T. A.
EAST AID WEST R. R. OF ALABAMA.
CHANGE OF SCHEDULE.
O N and after Jan. 15th, 1886, passenger trains
will run as fo lows:
No. 1.—Daily Passenger Train going West
Leave Cartersville 9 55 am
“ Rock mart... 1110 am
“ Cedartown 12 01 pm
“ Cross Plains I 45 i m
Arrive Broken Arrow 5 30 pm
No. 2.—Daily Paseenger Train going East.
Leave Broken Arrow 6 55 am
“ Cross Plains 1130 am
“ Cedartown 125 pm
“ Rockmart 2 25 pm
ArriveCartersvil’e 4 00pm
No. 8.—Accommodation. Going West.
(Daily except Sunday.)
Leave Cartersville 4 50 pm
“ Rockmart 6 35 pm
Arrive Cedartown 7 35 pm
No. 4.—Accommodation. Going East.
(Daily except Sunday.)
Leave Cedartown 615 am
“ Rockmart 7 15 am
Arrive Catersville 9 00 am
No. 4 makes close connections at Rockmart
with E. T. V. A G. tr in reaching Atlanta 9:40 a.
m., and at Cartersville with W, A A. train reach
ing Atlanta 11*5 a. m.
No. 8 makes direct connection • t Cartersville
with W. & A, train leaving Atlanta at 1*0 p. m.,
and with E T. V. & G. tram at Rockmart leav
ing Atlanta a’ 4:20 p. m.
No. 1 makes connection st Cartersville with W.
A A. train leaving Atlanta 7 50 a. m., and with
Rome Express from the North.
No. 2 connects at Cartersville with W. A A.
train reaching Atlanta at 6:87 p. m.
FRED M. WILCOX, T. J. NICHOLL,
Gen. Pass. Agent. Gen. Manager
—TO THt—
SUMMER RESORTS
1886
—VIA—
Birmingham, Ala., the Georgia Pacific
Bailway and Atlanta, Ga.
The Fast Mail and Expreea Line from the
Southwest 10 the Mountains and Seashores, in
Palace Parlors snd Sleeping Cars.
Fast donble daily passenger schednle.
Leave New Orleans
35 am
“ Shreveport
00 am
“ Meridian
CO pm
“ Birmingham
bam
1
CS
pm
Arrive Atlanta
00 pm
7
20
am
“ • harlo te
.... 4
15 am
6
46
pm
“ Danville
... 9
45 am
11
06
pm
“ Washington
... 8
25 pm
8
40
am
“ Baldmore
.11
28 pm
10
Ui
am
“ Philadelphia.. .
... 8
00 am
12
35
pm
“ New York
6
2.' am
3
20
am
For maps, pamphlets, etc., giving a descrip
tion of the different Resorts, call on, or address
G. S. Barnum, ALEX. 8. THWEAT,
Gen. Pass, Ag't, Trav. Pass. Ag’t,
Birmingham, Ala.
QUICKEST TIME
WITH
THROUGH PULLMAN BUFFET CAB
VTLANTA TO NEW YORK.
VIA
East Tenn. and Shenandoah Valley
Routes, Through the Virginia
Springs and Mountains
ROUTS
-E.T..Y. AG. Daily. 5 40 pm
. “ “ 8 35 pm
H. T. EXrRESS.
L’ve Atlanta
Ar. Rome
“ Dalton “
“ Knoxville ”
“ Bristol "
" Roanoke. N. A W. B R
“ Shenandoah Jnne.S. V. H. B.
“ Wsahirgton B. & O. K. R
“ Baltimore H. & P. B. B.
“ Philadelphia ,... l'ene.R. R.
** New York ........ “
Stops at Lunar tVvorne. Natural Brioge. and all
other pointe of Tntereet er route in Virginia.
Our Hnmnier Tourist Book wvl be ready for
free distribution during month of May.
BEVERLY W. WRENN.
General Paseenger A Ticket A.cut,
Knoxville, Tenn,