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—asaasam
THE SONSY SOUTH ATLANTA. GBORGIA’ OCTOBER 21 189J,
S
JU
r fanned
broad corn
smart Socth.
FN ' a , k with Jtd s’e^PT tlde
^.tit ® n,f!
^ HirA pt&nd
.-HfHP * D ** h J a aaP8 HO BOf»ly W
#S«!SSSi«' re “
. JHWft »*‘"^irnro t*DP H ,eanl '
S^5»“» sbr,g ' ,tsl ““'
^ <nc- pane^ine eeern-^ BP^feing: to lie
,. fleeing the , .. .
)s k, i »n»S ,r ® 1 " ud<! tnat are fljatiDg h,gh ‘
1 , refl a nri the «f’d t»i rda trlll »
SSEsS^St^^Ionndsim.
^ fn0 mer’« wea th, bright autumn’s
prli* „. n H hnueb' npread •wide
;SKc‘^e<l to the cull winter-tide.
^Sn 8 come%hide,andare gone.
,u * —Ai.ce A. Sanders.
Our Society*
*1 have (freat confidence in tbe rev-
uHods which holidays bring forth,”
^id tbe Earl of Beacon^field in one of
l( famous speeches in the British
#a5e 0 f Commons. (Beaconsfield
„ a famous Commoner before he was
udea peer of the realm.)
I have the same confidence, but not
the way that D’Israeli had. I am
' r e that the social and domestic char-
c ter that is given to the keeping of
egiving Day in the northern
irtof this Republic, and the similar
harae’er of ‘keeping Christmas”
brougbout the Southern States is a
elation of the tenderer, kinder,
ore refined spirit that pervades the
brittiau world now-a-daj s than when
bristmas tables in the baronial halls
old England, groaned beneath the
eight of a whole roasted ox, tUnked
itb the boars head on a huge trench-
surrounded hy all the small birds
animals that men chased and
laugbtered for sport in those rude
ones.
* * *
Thanksgiving Day is of XewEng-
iOdorigin, aud the fiot Tbanksgiv-
Dgbymn was sung on that bleak
oruingon which the Pilgrim fathers
ndedou Plymouth Rock. But while
lis is our only religious, national
stival day, it has not so deep a bold
ithe hoaris or the entire population
the United States as Christmas and
ew Year's Day. It is regarded as a
ational rather than a religious holi-
j outside of New England. It has
it little social significance in the
>uth.
* * *
Do you know, my readers, that when
'er you thank a triend you promise
think of him? Do y ou know that the
ords“think’ and “thank” have the
me mot and origin in all the lan-
lages of Northern Europe and in old
nglaud? l)o you know thattheFrench
lerci,’ ‘thanks,” also contains a
omise of reward for favor received?
iai “merci” is from tbe Latin and
a french words that signify “pay,”
eward,” ‘ wages?” Do you know
in old English speech “thanks”
'*.^P re88p d “do thanks,” and not
imHiciiif s translation of the bible
[° kngi^h was “give thanks” sub-
itu.ed for “do thanks.” I offer
eseas thanksgiving thoughts for
approaching Thanksgiving Day.
* * *
rhat chicken and
nr a . 1 1 adorn more Thanksgiving
no year than the tirne-
i th A tradltlona l turkey. But for
, ’ A SOC,ety ” wil1 kee P the day in
is ano! f ler just as if there
the fr«! tre8 ?u n 0,jr beautiful “land
e aild home of the brave.”
t greafrt S ° C ' ery pa * e of any of
e wonm a ' y new? Papers of the day
'*« in n ° onc, ude there wai no dis-
rlone.ti rUn ^ ick ^ none along the
n e ai«J C ° ast ° f Sr * uth Carolina;
itive Atf be Glllf c °ast; none in
r J and ama; D . one in Washington
'sion of J. unea " ,nt -8s about the con-
iCiLnf deba,e of the 8i,ver
wl ‘> tha, co'"olS a °i"*: e88 ' “ 0r 0,6
»”«m" co'. r t°k i" e “ atooks ” of ■>>»&-
ods, seen in dry *5 oods and fancy
lanta,wear 0 e h ! leadin * stores of
ygay fes'iv 6 t0 1 ’ ave an exception-
or Ria and 8anddre ssy winter in
most everv n >pecial l y in Atlanta,
ivagant f^rin P ‘ f that the most ex ’
manpou'd\i dlous . and fashionable
tfl tor h er for her winter’s
n the wVillf trou98ea u can be
Hi of tie f dows or within the
ase ealoop M'hHeball street. rr * COl3S
'he verv ‘-n. * * *
tyof Athens "r de la creme ” of So-
•nta peonlp’w ie ° r<Zla ’ and a few
ey-stov-n , ere agserD bled in the
Wedding of*?!®* 0n T lhe occasion
'band Mr 'vvifr 188 K 'anche Lips-
e.eoi”* 0 "; sm , Ellis, oo
lion at the hJ h 18l nst. A re-
iber, Mrs. of the hide’s
ib, on Milled** 0 ® 8 Ad<?ate Lips-
oharcb wedding avenue ^ foll owed
THE H&B8HALL BOUSE,
Where Col Ellsworth of The New
IforK Zouaves Was Killed.
ROBABLY no surviv
or of the Army of tbe
Potomac visits Alex
andria without enquir
ing for the Marshall
House. It became fa
mous in history in the
early days of the late
war, and has so re
mained efer since. It
was in this building
that one of the bloodi
est tragedies of the
which two
in a terrible
men
encoun-
streets of Alexandria, little dream
ing that in less than half an hour’s
time bis lifeless body was to be
borne over the same street to the
boat from which he had ju=t landed.
Cameron street, a commercial thor
oughfare, up which be wended his
way, was comparatively deserted.
But a few people were moving, the
the city’s inhabitants - - --
war was enacted
met their death
ter.
The spring of 1861 found Alex
andria, as well as many other South
ern cities, in a ferment of excite
ment. The place was held by a few
companies of Confederate sold : ers,
who flaunted the stars and bars liter
ally within sight of the Capitol and
under the guns of tbe Federal steamer
Pa w nee. which was anchored oft the! i7qo'lred for'thTpro^wioV.'
city at the time. ^
One beautiful Saturday afternoon, a
few weeks before the lamentable trag
edy, which concentrated the attention
of the country on Alexandria, Jamet-
Jackson, who was the lessee of tbe
Marshall House, a sortot tavern, more
than a hotel, situated on the sout heast
oorner of Kiogand Pitt streets, flung
to the breeze from the roof of that
building a large-sized Confederate
flag, with the defiant assertion that
the man who low*red it would do so
over his dead body. The occasion was
one of some rejoicing and enthusiasm
among those who had cast their for
tunes with the Confederacy, or who
sympathized with the disunion move
ment.
A few days before the capture of
bulk of
asleep. The iumates of the Marshall
House were still in the arms of Mor-
pheu*, oblivious to the lact that tbe
rebels had vanished before tbe defen
ders ot the Union, while the flig of
the Confederacy was hanging limp in
the absence of any breeze. The ill-
fated Colonel Ellsworth soon reached
the fatal tavern, and with his half
dozen followers obtained an entrance.
Meeting with no opposition, and not
creaming for a moment tney would
encounter any resistence in the face
of the faot that the city had been cap
tured, the colonel proceeded Immedi
ately to the roof for the purpose of
taking possession of tue coveted flag.
After passing through the front
door a stair case was encountered
which ran spirally, the first turn lead
ing to the secona floor, the third to
the next floor, and the fourth to the
garret and roof. The Co'onel and his
men, before they reached the roof,
met a man in bis night clothes Cuming
out of one of the rooms, of whom the}
inquired for the proprietor. The man
replied that he was a boarder himself
and knew nothing of the whereabouts
of the proprietor.
It has since been suggested that
the unknown individual was Jackson
ifimself. It took rne zouaves but a
?ew minutes to lower the flag and de
tach it from the pole which protruded
'Tom the trap door, and Colonel Ells
worth having taken it in charge be
gan his descent. About half way
down the flight of stairs leading from
the garret he saw Jackson, but par
tially dressed, emerge from one of tbe
rooms on the landing armed with
a double-barreled gun. Ellsworth,
little dreaming of the bellicose nature
of the man with whom he had to deal,
pleasantly remarked to him, “Ive got
ten a prize.”
MARSHALL HOUSE, Alexandria, Va. .
Where James Jackson killed Col. ElLworth—1861—
filled a space about two yards square
and it was necessary to walk upon tip
toe to avoid treading in it. There was
a pool of blood about a foot square
where Ellsworth had fallen.
Colonel Farnham succeeded E'ls-
worth in command of tbe zouaves. On
the 21st of July following tbe regi
ment participated in what proved to
being the Federal army tht*. inglorious battle
"‘of Bull Run. The zouaves and the
famous Blackborse Cavalry engaged
in hand-to-hand ei counter through
out that eventful day, with terrible
carnage to both, Uu iug which Colouel
Farnham was struck on the ear by a
piece of a shell, from the effect of
which be died a few weeks later. In
the stampede from the fatal field the
zouaves suffered greatly,and the Mon
day following, the survivors straggled
into Alexandria in a bedraggled, de
jected condition, many of thrir com
rades being then stark and stiff on the
bloody field of Bull Run. A cold rain
bad set in, and no provi-ions had been
made lor their reception, and they
were on the verge of suffering. It
was iu this emergency that numbers
of the prominent people of Alexan
dria, though Southern sympathizers,
exhibited a Christian spirit which the
good-natured zouaves were not slow
co appreciate. Houses were opened
ADd entertainment afforded many of
thtm and their str»gg]iug confreres
by parties who?e political predilec
tions were hostile to the principles
for which the vanquished had fought
The zouaves lingered about Alex
andria for a few months and, the term
of their enlistment having expired
they were mustered out of service.
Jackson, the destroyer of Colonel
Ellsworth, was a typical Southerner
Though brave and fearless, his polit
ical predilections had run riot with
bis judgment, and rather than let the
rash threat of protecting his flag
come to naught he preferred sacrific
iog his life. There is little to bs eaid
in palliation of his act save that he
lived at a time when men’s blood had
reached tbe f* ver-heat of excitement
and when rashness was occasionally
exhibited by the champions of both
sides.
The killing of Ellsworth produced
the greatest sorrow as well as exas
peration at the North, and Alexandria
wa-» immediately besieged by parties
from a distance anxious to inspect tbe
scene of the tragedy. A piece of oil
cloth on tbe landing on which tbe col
onel fell was gradually cut up and
carried away by relic-hunters. The
flooring subsequently met the same
fate and finally the bannisters
were cut away, piece by piece
and carried North. For several
years the old Marshall douse
was looked upon as a sad momento of
wir times by soldiers of both sides
—by the Federals as the place where
a brave and promising young officer
laid down his life at the b-ginniog of
the four years’ conflict, and by the
Confederate* as the spot where a de
termmed sympathiser of their cause
showed a courage in the face of inevi
table aeath equalled by few on either
- jde
About seventeen years ago on a cold
weird night, the Marshall House was
found to be on fire, and despite the ex
ertions of the fire department but lit
tle more than the bare walls were left
standing. Upon being rebuilt it, ceas
ed to be a house of entertainment and
tbe new building is used for other
purposes.—Alexandria (Va.,) Gazette
The Climbing of High Mountains.
Alexandria, President Lincoln and
his cabinet, from some elevated spot
in Washington, with field-glasses,
viewed the objectionable flag, and in
the course of the conversation that
followed Mr. Lincoln remarked that
the ensign of treason would not re
main there long; nor did it, as on the
night of Thursday May 9 3, 1861, a sil
ent move was made on this defiant
city, which resulted In its capture
and the stampede of its Confederate
garrison to Manassas Junction, on the
Orange and Alexandria (now Virginia
Midland) railroad, about twenty-
seven miles distant.
The plans of the Federal troops,
through some miscarriage, proved in
effectual so far as capturiDg the rebel
soldiers was concerned, and only a
-mall company was netted. The Fed
eral troops were sent in three direc
tions when the move on the city was
made—some by way of Chain bridge
above Georgetown, others via
the Long bridge, where trains
now pass from Washington in
to Virginia, and the remainder by
water. The Confederate pickets
around the wharves and on the out
skirts ot the city gave the alarm in
time to allow a safe retreat, and when
Uncle Sam's soldiers entered the city
those of the Confederacy were well on
their way south.
The New York Fire Zouaves were
among those who reached Alexandria
by Water. No doubt their young and
patriotic, though ill-starred Colonel
had viewed the obnoxious flag from a
distance as well as Mr. Lincoln aod
had longed for the opportunity of low
ering it. _ ^ „
The Marshall House Is situated five
blocks in a westerly direction from
the wharf where the Zouaves landed.
It was very early m the morning
when Colonel Ellsworth, with a small
eqnad of his men, proceeded up the
Jackson made some defiant retort,
and, before any one could divine his
intention, raised his gun and dis
charged it at tbe Colonel. An extra
ordinary charge of buck-shot had been
placed in the weapon, and a hole was
torn in *he unfortunate Ellsworth’s
breast large enough in which to place
one’s fist.
Colonel Ellsworth, it is said by some,
fell without a groan, though others
have asserted that he gave vent to an
audible sigh. In bis descent he tell
on his face on the landing, and while
his life’s blood was flowing his follow
ers were avenging his death.
The weapon Jackson used was an
ordinary double-barreled shotgun,
and after killing Ellsworth he took
aim at those who were with him, but
before he could pull trigger the sec
ond time the gun was knocked upward
by the Zouaves and the charge entered
a door frame. Francis E. Brownell,
one of the sqnad, then sent a ball
crashing into Jackson’s head, and as
he fell sword-bayonets were thrust
through him. Jackson’s body was
forced down the flight of stairs lead
ing to the second floor and fell on the
landing. The body of Ellsworth was
subsequently raised by those who bad
accompanied him into the fatal build
ing, covered with an American flig,
and silently and sorrowfully borne to
tbe boat from which he had a short
time before landed.
Considering the terrible tragedy
which had been enacted, the day
proved a remarkably quiet one. Jack
son's body was soon picked up by hi*
friends, washed, and placed in a cot-
fin, and it lay in state throughout that
day and night.
The scene of the tragedy was visited
by numbers during the day. The
landing upon which Jackson fell and
where he bad writhed in death agony
presented a sUkening sight. Gore
All crafts depend fupon knowledge
and acquired skill—knowledge of the
material to be handled, acquired skill
in the handling of the material.
Pioneers of mountaineering had
first to learn what mountains actually
are alike, the details of their struct
ure, and the forces in action upon
them.
Rock structure,which has one mean
ing for a geologist, has others for a
mountaineer. One kind of mountain
masonry forms ridges and gullies,
another forms ledges and precipices;
one texture and dip makes staiicase>
that can be rushed, another makes
slabs that can i-carcely be adhered to:
one kind of sub-tauce is firm and
trustworthy, another is friable and
treacherous to band and foot If there
was so much to be learned about rocks,
snow and ice were at first far more
unknown. The anatomy of glaciers
had to be discovered, the secrets of
crevasse formation to be learned.
There were the varied phenomena im
plied in the phrase, “state of the
snow,” to be understood.
Both foot and eye had to be trained
to recognize by feel and glance what
the “state of the snow” at any time
might be. Avalanches bad to be in
vestigated—avalanches of snow, ice
and rock—when they might be expect
ed to fall, where they were to be look
ed for, how far they would go
Climbers bad to Darn to distinguish
afar off between snow and ice slopes.
Moreover, t he tools of mountaineering
bad to be invented.
Many were tried aGd discarded ; a few
were retained and improved. The
form of the ax was slowly evolved,
and its uses learned. The way to em
ploy tbe rop* was a yet more difficult
discovery. Even now the proper form
for climbing-irons is only being ar- »
rived at.
Acoidents, usually fatal, were the
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lessons wherefrom these facts were
derived. The great Matterhorn acci
dent finally demonstrated how the
rope should be used, and proved that
large parties were a source of danger.
The Lyskamm accident showed the
peril ot cornices. Unroped climbers
met their death on many mounlains.
From almost every aoc.Qent some
thing was learned.
The safety o' iLe many has been
bought by the death of a few. We
can now plunge into the world of
snow without undue peril. We know
its dangers and can guard against
them; we know also when we are safe
and where we can freely go. Our
forerunners went aloft as neolithic
navigators put to sea—badly equipped
and into a misunderstood region. We
are on the footing of tbe modern
sailor; snow, as such, has no more
terrors for us than sea for them. Ill
luck may overtake us and we
may fall, as they may be drowDed,
but with guod equipment and ex
perience the climoer and the sea
farer are about as safe as the towns
man at home. The patent result of
the last fifty years of mountaineering
has been the approximately thorough
exploration of the Alps. Minor dis
tricts are still insufficiently known,
but all tbe larger mountain groups
have been completely explored. The
importance of this fact from a scienti
fic and geographical standpoint, is
considerable, and ui untaineers may
regard it with pride, but tbe less fre
quently emphasized invention of the
cumber’s craft—which has advanced
parallel with, and resulted from, the
exploration of the Alps—is likewise
important, and will hereafter lead to
developments that can be but dimly
foreshadowed.
The development of the climber’s
craft has an immediate significance.
The same half-century that nas beheld
its growth has likewise beheld al-
un st the completion of the explora
tion of the habitable regions of the
wor d. Most details remain to be fill
ed in, but all the large areas have been
traversed, and even the great deserts
are kno*n as far as their general con
tents are concerned. Tbe Arctic and
Antarctic regions remain for the fu
ture, and so do all the great moun
tain ranges in the world.
The Alps alone are explored. The
exploration of the Caucasus has been
well begun, perhaps half done. Mr.
Wbymper has accomplished as much
as one man can do in a season in the
great Andes of Ecuador, but the An
des as a whole are little known. A
good deal has been done in part of
the R »cky .Mountains. Our New
Zealand fellow countrymen have
boldly attacked tbe beautiful moun
tain fastness which belongs to them.
All these are hopeful beginnings, but
the mountains of Central Africa and
all the ranges of Asia are practically
unknown. Thus the future explo
rations is in the hands of climbers.
The exploration of the Alps is a mere
specimen on a small scale of tbe great
er work which remains to be accom
plished over areas incomparably vas
ter, and among ranges loftier and far
more difficult than the Alps.—W. M.
Conway, in the Fortnightly Review
for September.
«I list as Ksprrsentcd.
The following letter is a good one
and we are always glad to find our
subscribers pleased with anything
which they purchase from us. A pre
mium which gives poor satisfaction is
the worst advertisement a paper can
send out. Oq the other hand where a
genuine bargain is secured through
your favorite paper it becomes all the
dearer to you in consequence. We
are fully aware of this, and for that
reason we represent our premiums ex
actly as they are. If you buy our ma
chine and do not find it well worth
twice the money you pay us lor it,
send it back to us at our expense aod
we give you our word we will refund
you the money paid us for it. Every
machine is sold with this guarantee.
But see what Mrs. Boykin says:
flADSDES. Tenn., August 24th 1893.
Editor Zuxkv south
1 must write you how well pleaded I mm with
our ne« machine: It i* just ipt* very thine it
this represen tea to be. We are very proud of
it, and It does as good work as the fifty ur sixty
douar machines. I will canvass some for yoa in
was neighborhood as much as I can.
Bespt.
Mil. Mur B. Boyk».