Newspaper Page Text
V
9
thb sunny south;,
for
tUe Sunny South.]
Upward.
>at creati
I hold in soul of man
Of llR V,md birth so blackened,
Sot one f. j„to the plan,
S" " 11 , (in'll and slUKKish,
S" lH ; al ,„;, n iis lifeblood ran.
So hup* 1
Sly heart hurst?
over with music,
... ’V,! ti,o frail to sneak.
My HP- J11 , i„.;,uties of cloudland
ffisss
‘ Despite a
!> thorns at my feet,
strength from its Author
the earthly and v.eak.
,, \h. the hope, my heart’s lifeblood,
Thatn°i H • ' , v pravers and my tears,
for madly;
Tli 1
it! 1 am yi
anting
breakers and fears,
f my soul in communing
•each olhe ears.
Forgetting t h
That the thoughts o
1 "n some way may
. i veins—1 know not its purport.
A t •’hi,pi ~ vou have cherished and fed,
J ! " 1 not a life worth existence
® ut ~ e „.| )S to no high g' al were led,
■ pe that was worthy
time good reigned instead.
Win
in«l never a nj
If not gamed
but
oh' l think that the music of heaven
that at last have found speech.
, I the miens our hopes in full blossom
Too fair for clay vessels to reach,
* (1 Du* veto- are the beautiful heart thoughts
u> ivckotied deep buried in each.
Mattie A. Hallum.
Anarchy.
B y I'BOF. RICHARD T. ELY,
University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis.
The successful treatment of disease
requires correct diagnosis. Anarchy
is a social disease of a malignant type,
and the indignation and horror which
properly fill us when we hear of out
rages such as those which have taken
place in Spain and France—especially
tlie recent explosion of a dynamite
bom!) in the French Chamber—should
rn t deter us from a calm examination
of the peculiarities of this monstrosity.
What do these men want who are call
ed anarchists? Why do they so gen
erally propose to obtain their ends by
violence? IIow do they justify them
selves to themselves in a reckless dis
regard ot Immnn life, which can
scarcely he paralleled in the most bru
tal episodes of modern warfare.
If it is stat' d that the anarchists,
with but few exceptions, desire a co
operative commonwealth in which men
shall work together for their mutual
advantage, it does not follow that their
social programme is necessarily a bad
one. They have declared their pur
pose themselves in these words : “The
establishment of a free society based
on the co-operative organization of
production.” This may or irfay not be
practicable; but to strive for this is,
at first, at any rate, likely to strike one
as praiseworthy, rather than blame
worthy. Moreover, this is an end
which the anarchists have in common
with numerous other groups of persons
in modern society. Many men whose
names we all honor have wished to
contribute whit they could to the es
tablish men h of a free co-operative
commonwealth. We do not have, then,
in ihis statement of purposes that
which is peculiar to anarchy. We can
not find in it that for which we are
searching, namely, an explanation of
their awful violence. This must be
sought elsewhere.
There are various groups among the
anarchists, but they are agreed in one
fundamental and most dangerous doc
trine, namely, that man has no moral
right to exercise authority over his fel
lows. To the exercise of authority of
some men over other men they trace
the social and individual evils of our
time. It is authority, they claim, which
protects privilege, exploits labor, main
tains wage slavery, and stands athwart
the pathway which leads to the prom-
■sed land of plenty and peace secured
by co-operation. Men are held by an
archy to be naturally good, and to be
restrained from brotherly co-operation
by the authority of a few oppressors
maintained through church and state.
The evils of evils, then, is authority,
Even this may not suggest at once its
lull meaning to the reader. Let him
remember, however, what consequences
naturally flow from the principle that
authority has no ethical or religious
basis. Does not government then be
come simply a combination of individ
uals exercising force merely for person
al advantage? If government has the
character of any private combination
°t strong men to pursue their own ad
vantage to the detriment of others by
downright physical force,does not resis
tance to it become a duty? We are now
brought face to face with one of the most
►erious problems of modern times,name
ly : the true seat of authority in govern
ment and its ethical justification. The
anarchist can look upon resistance to
government at a particular time at the
oe P t as only a question of expediency.
+ ou may take the position that it is
<Mer to submit to a certain injustice
pugilist rather than to resist
with your insufficient physical
A"ou wish that you had the
power ,in,l eiirt at in t-*\ L-nnek him
anything but ordinary brute force in
government which renders anarchy
the most extreme social theory in the
world’s history, and the most danger
ous theory which civilization has ever
had to encounter.
The anarchists are natural and
avowed social rebels. The disease
which we are examining is an old-
fashioned one, with an old-fashioned
name which scarcely seems to have a
place in science any longer, namely,
srn, and that fundamental sin rebel
lion. Tt is said that Cain was the first
anarchist. But there is a story of an
older and far more powerful anarchist,
the king of all anarchists, that arch
rebel Satan. This does no injustice to
the anarchists, because the founder of
modern anarchy, Michael Bakounin,
delights to honor Satan as a rebel
whose conduct, if followed, will lead to
universal peace and enjoyment. Satan
is called by him “the eternal rebel, the
first freethinker, and the emancipator
of the world.” Bakounin stages, more
over, that Satan “makes man ashamed
of his bestial ignorance and obedience;
he emancipates him, stamps upon his
brow the seal of liberty and humanity
in urging him to disobey and eat the
fruit of knowledge.” Adam and Eve
are praised for their disobedience. It
is stated that they were little better
than the animals of other species, but
that in Adam and Eve there were two
precious faculties, namely, the power
to think and the desire to rebel, which
were the beginning of human pro
gress.
As the anarchists are rebe’s against
human authority they are, with per
haps scarcely an exception, rebels
against divine authority. The flag
which they wave is the flag of atheism
and materialism. Voltaire said that
if God did not exist it would be neces
sary to invent Him, because he feP the
need of the idea of God as a social
force. The anarchist says, how T ever,
in the words of Bakounin, “If God
existed it would b j necessary to
abolish Him.” The meaning of this is
that the source of all authority is God,
and it is possible to get authority out
of the world only by drivingout of the
minds of men the idea of God. There
is in this perverse statement of the
anarchist a profound philosophy. God
is indeed the source of authority, as
the apostle Paul longago said : “There
is no power but of God; the powers
that be are ordained of God.” The
only solid foundation of authority in
human affairs is God; and the anarch
ist, to break down authority, must en
deavor to annihilate the idea of God.
The anarchist then avows that the
two fundamental institutions of op
pression and slavery are church and
State. He calls these the vampires of
history nourished upon the blood of
millions of oppressed and down
trodden men and women. Religion is
to him but “a collective insanity.”
The “propaganda of deed” i* not dif
ficult to explain when we uuderstand
the fundamental hypotheses upon
which anarchy rests. This propaganda
advocates the use of violence by in
dividuals and groups of individual*,
either hoping thereby at once to break
down authority, or to attract attention
to the doctrines of anarchy, while they
trust they will receive general recog
nition as a result of enforced discus
sion. This “propaganda of deed,”
which has been accepted by a very
large proportion of modern anarchists,
although not now perhaps so generally
adopted as at one time, originated,
naturally enough, in Russia, where
free discussion and reform by persua
sion are rendered so difficult by auto
cratic power. One whose name has an
unenviable distinction as the first
clear enuneiator of the “propaganda
of deed” is Yetschajew. Some twenty
vears or more since he framed a
“Revolutionary Catechism,” in which
he describes the revolutionist. ln-
sortunately space is too limited to
permit a full quotation, but a few
sentences will give the reader a lively
idea of the terrible character of this
document:
The revolutionist despises aH dog
mas. He knows only one science,
namely, destruction. For this pur
posed for this alone, he studies
mechanics, physics, chemistry, and
possibly also medicine. He despises
and hates the present social morality
in all its leadings. For him there is
only one pleasure, one comfort, one
recompense—the success of the revo
lution. He must be ready to die, and
eaually ready to kill every one with
hi* own hands who hinders him in the
attainment of this purpose.
Perhaps nothing more extreme was
ever uttered, and such a statement of
nrinciples could not count upon any
th SgTike universal accepi Mice among
anarchists, even if it may. be a logical
deduction from their principles. Prob
ably less to-day than formerly would
ft meet with the general approbation
of anarchists
j me SKill LKJ
, n .* Jcu know that should you pun-
ls n him *-«- • • - 'i—
v as the brutal fellow deserves
i,Ji eilIlliuct would be only praise-
There are anarchists who
■ * a t resistance in government at
lonw U ' s f°Ey, because it nas no out-
,y rsuccess; but there are no an-
arehi-*- there are
!ts ; so far as the writer knows,
wrnni'°^T U P un resistance as morally . t must
wron S- i t is thig refusal to recognize | society m
The firs impulse is to determine to
att^ok these wild beasts of. society, to
exterminate them as enemies of their
kind Yet the first impulse here is not
wholly reliable. Looking at tie mat
ter thoughtfully, we find it «
0|t *T tamake disfci ncLions» -Li £ p
naeanda of deed ’ must, in fact, be sup-
rSed Violence must be punished
with severity; public peace must be
ni.fl«prved at all costs, l ne power ui
PS, must he brought to bear upoa
rebellion and put it down; and so
ciety, we may all rest assured, is equal
to this task. But this is not sufficient.
The philosophy underlying anarchy
cannot be rooted out by physical force.
Wise thinkers have long recognized
that the only cure fora bad philosophy
is a good philosophy. We must replace
the philosophy of freedom and happi
ness through rebellion with the philo
sophy of real freedom and real happi
ness through oiedience. We must
learn to recognize the state as some
thing sacred, or e se we must be pre
pared to deal with anarchy as a per
petually menacing force. AVe most
establish upon a firm foundation the
right of man to exercise authority over
his fellows, showing in what this right
originates, what maintains it, and
what holds it within desirable limits.
Indeed, if government is mere hrute
force, why should it not be resisted by
brute force? Is the policeman’s club
the beginning and the end of au
thority? If this is so, what ethical
reason can be deduced to show that a
stronger thin he should not wresc his
club frbin him?
It has been stated that the anarchists
themselves recognize God as ihe
source of authority. May we not ask
ourselves in all seriousness the ques
tion whether modern science has not
become too materialistic, and whether
we have done wisely in driving out of
our political science the idea of God?
Shall we, in our economics and politics,
shrink from this idea as something un
scientific? If so, we must be prepared
to accept the consequences. We per
ceive therefore, that anarchy is to
some extent—inderd, to a very great
extent—an ethical and a religious
question ^requiring the attention of
the moral teacher and the preacher.
Yet there are those who tell us that
the preacher should let alone political
and social questions, and confine him
self to “the simple gospel of Christ,”
whatever that may mean.
But this question of anarchy is also
a question of economics. It is impor
tant to add to our ethical and religious
teaching a sound political economy,
and this political economy will show
the impossibility of the attainment of
the end proposed by the anarchists by
the means which they propose, alto
gether apart from the ethical nature
of these means. The economic impos
sibility of anarchism is a topic which
is worthy of serious treatment.
There are dangers against which we
must guard in the present emergency.
One of these is that the strength of the
anarchists will be over estimated.
They are but a handful of people, and
perhaps in a dozen years have not been
weaker than they are now. Desertions
from their ranks have been numerous,
and those who lead other and, rela
tively at least, saner movements are
frequently persons who have turned
their backs upon anarchy. The deeds
of violence which have occurred re
cently must not be misunderstood. They
represent no general movement what
ever. These deeds are not seen to pro
ceed from any of the leaders of the an
archists, and it may be very much
doubted whether they represent even
a general movement among the few
anarchists. Probably the best heads
among the anarchists regret them as
inexpedient, and it may be found that
the individuals here and there who
have been guilty of these deeds are
halt insane.
The recent violence is to be regarded
like an epidemic of crime, such as takes
place from time to time in different
cities, for which a comparatively few
individual are responsible.
Another danger is that society will
fail to discriminate between the vari
ous social movements, and thus, on the
one hand, lose much useful support,
and, on the other, by acts of persecu
tion, will tend to drive some to the an
archistic philosophy and practices.
The chief discrimination which should
be made at the present time is that be
tween socialism and anarchy, which
have so recently been confounded. The
two are far enough apart, and where
the one thrives the other languishes.
The most effective force, for example,
in keeping anarchy out of Germany
has been social democracy. And if
this social democracy were stronger in
Spain, there would be less anarchy
there. The abhorence of the deed of
violence in the French Chamber of
Deputies expressed by the French so
cialists is doubtless very sincere and
genuine. There is, no doubt, very
much to be condemned in social de
mocracy, but this is something differ
ent enough from anarchy, It is one of
the most useful antagonists of anarchy,
because it opposes the social demand
of anarchy from a standpoint which
the masses can understand. It is some
thing which is to be attacked and over
come by very different methods,—
Harper's Weekly. __
“ The Life Line” is th* name of a
new Prohibition monthly paper re
cently launched in Atlanta by Mr.
William Walton Hopkins, who desig
nates himself as the “ Thrower”—quite
a novel substitute for ihe term Lditor.
A few years ago the anti-whiskey tide
in this city rose to an extraordinary
height, which seems to have been suc
ceeded by equally as extraordinary an
ebb. If prohibition, Ttnd not govern
ment ownership, js the remedy it
would seem to be high time for anoth
er flood.
For The Sunny South.]
“Let the Punishment Fit the Crime.”
Justice appears to miscarry very of
ten. Here is one instance out of a
thousand, and a representative one,
too: The other day a man who h..d
defrauded a bank in Yew York several
years ago out of about a million of
dollars and then fled to South
America, and subsequently brought
back, was sentenced by a court in that
city to imprisonment at hard labor for
ten year*. About the same time a boy
in that city who had stolen some prop
erty valued at only a few dollars, was
given fifteen years in the Sca*e prison.
The boy was the son of poor parents
and himself but little better than half
witted, hut these facts rather consti
tute a bar to nier *y than otherwise;
but the rascal who had wrecked a bank
was a “good fellow” in the parlance
of the times, and had friends whose
influence could tell upon courts and
juries, and did tell in this very in
stance; and the result is there is no
fitting of the punishment to the crime
in i hese cases.
How often do we see this thing ex
emplified in this country, not in any
particular section, but everywhere? A
“poor devil” may steal a piece of meat
or a sack of flour to appease the hun
ger of children whose cries nerve him
to desperation, and he is “whipped up’
and sent to the penitentiary in a trice
for a term of one to five years, accord
ing to the caprice of the jury or the
court or both; and the people say,
either by word or act, “served him
right.” On the other hand, a man sup
posed to be wealthy and of standing in
the social realm, intrusted with a re
sponsible position, “appropriates” to
his own use thousands upon thousands
rf doPars of other people’s money, and
he and his family “live in clover.”
When the day of reckoning comes the
sympathetic, the tender-hearted yearn
for the fate of that man’s family, used
as it has been to a life of luxury and
ease. That is natural. We all shri tt*
from contemplating the suffering they
may have to endure. But strangely
enough our sympathies did not go out
to the family of the poor fellow who
stole something wherewith to appease
the hunger of starving wife and chil
dren and twine tendrils of mercy
around the suffering hearts of those
lowly ones. Yo; they belong to a dif
ferent caste, and have no claim upon
us who belong to a higher order of be
ings. Our acts, which are said to
“speak louder than words,” say as
much.
The “goody good fellow” stole thou
sands upon thousands from rich men
and poor men, from minors’ estates
and lrom charity funds, but those who
did not suffer from his peculations
have a warm and exhuberant sympathy
for him and his family, and especially
for the latter, and think it little less
than sacrilege that as fine a fellow, as
he should have to suffer for his mis
deeds as oth-rs less refined, less social
in their turn, and of less notf do. It
is this mawkish sympathy that causes
justice to misscarry so often. Our
sympathy goes out tenderly but
strongly for the family of a wrecker
of banks or an “appropriator” of other
people’s money, of which they knew
nothing and for which they are in no
sense responsible; but that does not
blind us to the fact that he should be
punished as other criminals are pun
ished. “Let the punishment fit the
crime.”
There must be recognized no caste
among the criminal classes which
shall operate to the punishment, severe
in most case*, of the lower caste, while
those who hold themselves higher by
virtue of wealth or social position, may
snap their fingers at courts and the
minions of the law. “Offenders against
law must be punished, and punished
in proportion to the offense com
mitted,” is a sound axiom that com
mends itself ro every law-abiding citi
zen, as well as to those to whom is
committed the administration of tbe
laws, and when that sentiment is car
ried out in its spirit and intent we
will have a better and happier people.
“Let justice be done though the
heavens fall.” J. M. McK.
Nashville, Term.
“ Songs of a Day.’
BY F. L. STANTON.
The poems of Frank L. Stanton have
sung their way into the hearts of the
Southern people. That they are appre
ciated is proven by the fact that the
first edition has been exhausted and a
second edition has just been issued.
We have a few copies of this edition,
cloth bound, lettered in gold, and ex
ceedingly handsome. The regular price
of the book is $1.00, but we can offer to
our subscribers the copies be have at 75
cents each, .
We have only a few c >pies, so if you
want the book you had best send at
once, as w T e are not selling them regu
larly, but happen to have a few copies
which we purchased at a discount.
Address, The Sunny South, Atlanta,
Ga.
Selection in Seed Growing i* a valu
able pamphlet published by W. Atlee
Burpee Co., Philadelpaia. It embraces
papers read at the World’s Horticul
tural Congress, 1S94, and abounds iu
the latest scientific discoveries in seed
growing.
A Great Dictionary.
Volume I. of the two-volume edition
of the Funk & Wagnalls Standard Dic
tionary of the English language will be
issued on December 16th. This volume
has been four years in making; two hun
dred and thirty-eight editors and speci
alists have been employed upon it; and
the cash outlay has been about a half
million dollars. The advance orders for
the work mount up in the tens of thous
ands.
The following letter was received by
the publishers from a well known gentle
man, prominently identified with the
late World’s Fair at Chicago.:
Mines and Mining Building,
Jackson Park, 111.
Messrs. Funk and Wagnalls,
Gentlemen: I am pleased to inform
you that the Standard Dictionary has
been granted an award (diploma and
medal; in group Yo. 150. The exact
wording of all the awards will not be an
nounced for probably three or four
weeks.
The dictionary exhibit consisted of a
number of proof sheets, as the work was
only part in type—this fact makes the
award more significant. The award of
diploma aud medal is the only class
of awards granted. A gentleman
who was present during the examina
tion informs the publishers that the
judges devoted nearly three hours to a
critical inspection of the sheets (it was a
very unusual thing to devote so much
time to tlie examination of any exhibit),
comparing the definitions with those of
other dictionaries, and 1 that they fre
quently expressed themselves as highly
pleased and in favor of the features of
the Standard. At the close of the exam
ination, one of the jndges remarked: “I
have the best of other dictionaries, hut
this work has desirable features that
others have not. I must possess a copy
when it is published.”
The vocabulary of the Standard is ex
traordinarily rich and full, that of no
other dictionary nearly equalling it, al
though great care was taken to throw
out all useless words.
The following is an actual count of
words and phrases recorded under the
letter A:
St ok Mont n Dictionary, total terms in A.. 4,692
Worcester Dictionary, “ “ “ “ .. 6,1)83
Webster (International) Dictionary, to
tal terms in A : 8,3 >8
Century Dictionary, total terms in A — 15,621
The Standard Dictionary, total terms in
A 19,736
The full number of words and terms
in these dictionaries for the entire al
phabet is as follows: Stormontli, 50,000;
Worcester, 105,000;^ Webster (Interna
tional), 125,000; Century (six volumes
complete), 225,000; Standard, 300,000.
The Old Liberty Bel!.
On the 6th of July, 1835, John Mar
shall, Chief-Justice of the United
States and one of the very last promi
nent actors in the drama of the Revo
lution, died at Philadelphia; and two
days later—July 8, IS35—while the re-
mains of this honored and revered
patriot were being borne through the
streets of the city en route to iheir last
resting-place in Virginia, the old bell
sent forth its solemn, measured tones
in mournful requiem for the departed
jurist. In the midst of these solemni
ties, and as though in sorrow for the
passing away of the last of its honored
contemporaries, the graifd old bell
broke asunder and was thenceforth
silent—silent as the tongues of the
knightly heroes whose lives were so
interwoven with its own existence.
But its voiceless eloquence to-day,
like the memory of the giants of its
age, is still more potent to sway the
hearts of men than are all the most
brilliant efforts of modern oratory.—
Blue and Gray for December.
The idea of an ancient tropical conti
nent at the south pole, uniting South
America, Madagascar and Australia, is
arousing considerable interest and dis
cussion in scientific circles.
Professor Elihu Thompson says that
an umbrella with brass chains hanging
from the ends of the ribs makes a com
plete protection when held over the head
during a thunder storm.
(UtiCBLj
TSOAP ^
The most Effective Skin
Purifying and Beautifying
Soap in the World.
The Purest, Sweetest and
Most Refreshing for Toilet
Bath and Nursery.
Sold throughout tbe world. Potter
Drug St Chem. Corp., Sole Props.. Boston.