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By Luc■» Bramlatte Patterson.
In a few days will be held the centen
nial of the Moravian Institution at Win
ston-Salem. one of the most remarkable
in the country, and one of the most ven
erable. For 150 years a daily record has
been kept by the pastor of the Salem
church, and at the end if the year It is
tiled away In the archive house. In writ
ing his history of “Wachovia in North
Carolina,” Dr. Clewell, the principal of
the academy, translated these records
from the original German. To his sur
prise he found minute accounts of the
visits of Governor Tryon. Nathaniel
Greene, Lord Cornwallis and George
Washington, all their sayings and doings
faithfully recorded. This Is only a small
Instance of their very great historic In
terest.
It is from these records that much
of the following story is drawn, and The
Sunny South is the first publication to
print the account, though Dr. Clewell's
book will soon be out.
Written for BKt Sunny South
ground of the primeval forest, but they
also set out fruit trees arid' a medical'
garden, and planted and raised millet,
oats, flax, barley, buckwheat, turnips,
cotton and tobacco.
By the end of that year they had in
active operation a mill, carpenter shop,
tailor establishment, pottery, blacksmith
shop, tannery and shoe shop. The jour
nal thus describes the first Christmas.
"We had a little love feast, and then
near the Christ child we had otir first
Christmas eve in North Carolina and
rested in peace In this hope and peace."
Salem had distinguished visitors In these
early times. In 1707, one year from its
founding. Governor Tryon and Mrs.
Tryon came in state. To those who have
known this royal governor only as the
hated tyrant t>f Alamance, these Salem
records, as translated for Dr. Clewell’s
SNlrs. Lindsay Patterson, 'President of
cAlomnae c-Association, Salem
Female Academy.
Cedar Avenue, Salem, A[. C.
that time and still preserved, "God Save
Great Washington,” wiH again be played
by the trombones just as was done so ‘
long ago. The tableaux will be followed *
by a reception and bail complimentary
to the southern governors, given by Ad
jutant General Nelson Henry, of New
York, whose wife, vice’ president of the
alumnae association, was so much ail-
mired in South Carolina society as Miss
Sallie Rodgers.
The filth is commencement day with ad-
■ dresses by Governor Aycock, senators,
educators and other distinguished guests*
' closing with the laying of the corner
stone of Memorial hall, the centennial
glfrt of the alumnae association to their
’ beloved alma mater.
An Oxford View-Point ^ ^
^ ^ of: Rhodes* Munificence
N the middle of the fifteenth
century, that marvelous
blossoming time of the
mind and soul of the
world, a little company of
men. followers of Hus.
gathered together in Bohe
mia; seeking only to know
the "deep things of God,”
that amid the fierce strife
of religious factions they
might find the “peace of
God.” Such was the ori
gin of the Unltas Fratrum,
better known as the Moravian shurch.
Believing that the mind must be trained
even as the soul, in forty-three years
from the time of the founding of this
church there was a school in each of its
four hundred parishes, as well as higher
Institutions of learning, and by 1G00 the
best schools in Moravia, Bohemia and
Poland were all Moravian.
Deeply imbued with a missionary spirit,
in 1735 ten men left Herrnhut. Saxony,
for Georgia, when Count Zinzendorf had
secured a grant of 500 acres of land on
the Ogeechee river for a permanent set
tlement, but after starting an Indian
school the Spanish troubles of 1738-1740
broke up the colony, and they moved to
Bethlehem. Pa. In 1753, 100,000 acres of
land were bought In North Carolina and
here the Moravians founded Bethabara,
and in 1766 Salem.
For 150 years a daily record of events
in Wachovia, as the tract was called, has
been kept by the pastor of the church,
and today one can read in the faded, ye!-
law, crumbling pages an account of that
first year, beginning with the dreary
November evening when the little com
pany of men, weary with the six weeks’
Journey from Pennsylvania, gathered
around the camp fire to hear the word
of God.
The "verse for the day” came as a spe
cial message from their heavenly fa
ther. "I know where thou dwellest, in
a desert place,’’ and greatly cheered the
brethren had their first love feast and
sang a hymn.
The problem of food was the first to be
met and solved, and the old diary gives
all details. "The first days we had chief
ly corn meal and pump
kins. and when we killed
Fru^al Diet a stag in November we
for Firs* were glad, as grubbing
F«w Days trees and undergrowth is
difficult with meal only
as our food. In Decem
ber we went 60 miles for salt, securing
two bushels. In January we made maple
sirup. In July we made vinegar from
blackberries. In August we made the
first butter. Our fare daily, morning and
evening, was mush, and for dinner green
Winston-Salem Academy.
recent history, "Wachovia In North Caro
lina,” will come as a great surprise.
"Lash and Bonn went 10 miles to meet
the governor. The trumpets and French
horns greeted him as he entered the
-town. All went to dinner in the Breth-
rens’ house. During the meal they were
entertained with music. The governor
and his party examined the stables, the
farm and the potters' shop,, and he ex
pressed himself as pleased with every
thing. The governor remarked as he saw
the happy children before the houses
that ‘this section would be blessed in its
happy young people.’ ” The governor’s
lady conversed with the sisters in a love
ly and familiar manner. In the afternoon
she tried the organ. The girls sang and
this pleased her. The governor came
over from his room and they were enter
tained for an hour. When supper was
announced she seemed sorry to leave
them.
“The governor said we ought to have
a representative in the legislature to
protect our interests. Lash said this
would bring about Jealousy on the part
of our neighbors. The governor said this
would be the case, anyhow. The governor
and his party left expressing great sat
isfaction at everything. May the good im
pression continue.”
He was less welcome when, after the
battle of Alamance, he, with three thou
sand troops, made his headquarters here,
pardoning or condemning "regulators"
and destroying property. Cornwallis,
with seven thousand soldiers In pursuit
of Greer*. Just before the battle of Guil
ford court house, came later, levying
contributions of "spirits,” bread, meal
and meat. The women of the town spent
the night In baking bread for the sol
diers.”
But the most distinguished guest, and
one upon whom Salem still prides herself,
was George Washington. The faithful,
untiring record never fails us. but nar
rates how the inhabitants of the sur
rounding country gathered in Salem, and
that his excellency made them a speech
and came out on the porch and grac
iously allowed them to gaze upon him.
To the librarian church must always
belong the proud distinction of being the
pioneer of woman’s education in the new
world. The first acade-
Th. my for girls in the
School United States was the
mwxdi Moravian seminary at
Ita Bethlehem. Pa., founded
Mothodl in 1747. The first in the
• south was that at Salem,
N. C., dating from 1802, while the only
three in the United States having a cen
tury's continuous existence, with the ex
ception of the Ursulein convent at New
Orleans and that at Georgetown, D. C.,
eighteenth century. That Boston city
father but voiced the sentiment of his
age who, when the question of having
schools for girls came before the coun
cil, remarked scornfully: "Educate
women? They will be educating cows
next.”
That advance guard of civilization, the
brilliantly intellectual Scotch-Irish, may
be traced from state to state by their
colleges for men—never one for women.
Puritan New England, with her compul
sory educational laws and splendid col
leges for men, had none for women until
In 1785 Dr. Dwight established his "Young
Ladies’ Seminary” near Boston. The
Dutch did not educate their women and
in their old land deeds the men write
their names, their wives "make their
mark.”
But from their first settlement, Mora
vian and Quaker educated girls as well as
boys. What it meant to southern wom
anhood to have in its midst for a century'
this intellectual and moral leaven, let
Salem’s more than twelve thousand alum
nae gratefully testify. Once more we turn
to the records to read of that first year
in the school’s history. The standard of
admission was not very high. The pupil
"must have had smallpox and measles
and be between the ages of 8 and 12
years. At the age of 15 their education
was considered finished and their stay-in
the school terminated.” This seems rath
er remarkable until we remember that
the "strenuous” life was the rule in
those enterprising times and our great
grandmothers married at 14 and were old
maids at 19 if by that time some young
Lochinvar had not appeared out of the
west.
in the first circular Issued by the school
we read the branches taught: “Reading
grammar, writing, history, geography,
arithmetic, German, music, drawing,
plain, and fine needle work.”
The first principal -was Rev. Samuel
Kramach, a native of Silesia, a man
splendidly equipped-for his arduous du
ties. In these days of gardening and
multiplying of books on the subject, it
is particularly interesting to note that
one hundred years ago the first principal
of Salem academy was such an enthusi
astic botanist that -'fach “daughter of
the school” was given her own little plot
of ground in the general garden, where
she transplanted wild flowers from the
neighboring forests and fields aitl learned
their names and habits from personal
observation. What a Joy this was only
those can imagine who are familiar with
the glory of bloom in a North Carolina
forest, that meeting place of northern
and southern flora. This love of flowers
is still cultivated and the graduate of
1902 will count as her most treasured
< Dr. John H. Ge<well. Principal Salem Adademy
not carry away in her pretty head, she
will have a thorough knowledge of her
Bible, her Shakespeare, the start in the
heavens above and the flowers of the
field.
So today, with the strength of youth
and the authority of age, this venerable
mother of schools Is celebrating her God
fearing, world-serving, hundred years.
And from north and south and east and
west her daughters are coming to do her
honor.
The centennial celebration will be a
review of the history of the century in
the town, the state and the nation. Dr.
~ Kemp P. Battle, the
The Con* "father of the North Car-
tennial olina university,” will
in the Ns* deliver an address on
tursofa "North Carolina in 1800.”
Review Senator William A.
Clark, of Montana, will
speak on "The United States in 1800.”
General Ransom, of North Carolina, and
Captain Richmond P. Hobson, of Ala
bama, will speak of the civil war. Music
will, as always in Salem, be a special
feature and great care has been exer
cised to have it appropriate as well as
good. On the evening devoted to the
history of 1800, only music, composed dur
ing that year will be given. On “war
night" only soldiers’ songs will be heard,
such as "Tenting Tonight.” "Bonnie Blue
Flag,” "Maryland,” closing «,with a med
ley of national airs. So we shall have
a review of the century’s music as well
as its history.
Tuesday, May 27, is alumnae day with
art exhibit, alumnae meeting, addresses
by prominent women, reception and drive
to points of interest. May 28 is Gov
ernor’s day, when addresses will be
made by visiting governors, followed by
banquet and reception given by the acad
emy. The day’s festivities will close with
a series of tableaux, giving the history
of North Carolina from the "spacious
times of great Elizabeth," the royal god
mother of the Old North State, to the
present less imposing if more peaceful
times.
Great care has been taken to have these
tableaux absolutely accuiato, and as far
as possible original records have be^a
closely followed. As on the other nights,
the music will be strictly in keeping with
the times presented, and most unusual.
For the Elizabethan tableau the song La
copied from an old manuscript In the
British museum, and what is most re
markable, it was composed by Henry
VIII. Another song is an old hunting
chorus dating back to 1500, also copied
from manuscript in the British museum.
“DeGraftenreld Among the Indians” is
arranged from his account of that ad-
By A Cynical Undsr^radoate.;
THINK Mr. Rhodes was ia
Very- gfeatjman indeed.: jl
mention this because people
might cah me a pro-Boer, or
something ecmailv objec-
tio*»ble. If~T criticise his
great . and. noble bequest.
But' there are certain points
over which we in Oxford
are considerably exercised
in spirit. The undergrad
uate sees reason for abso
lute alarm In the size of tho
Invasion. A nightmare vis
ion rises of some day upon which sixty
colonials, one hundred and four Ameri
cans and fifteen Germans—a total of one
hundred and seventy-nine in all, selected
not for learning so much as for physical
prowess—will advance down the High
street, Oxford, carrying banners, like as
not, after the fashion of a labor demon
stration. Furthermore, it is possible that
they will sing appropriate songs in defl-.
ance of authority.
But, seriously speaking, the problem of
the Rhodes scholars is a difficult one to
solve. Will they elect to join one college
or will they be split up among many? In
the former case, the home-grown Variety
of undergraduate will joe entirely swamped
—for it is a big college that has more than
180 members. And the things which will
occur within its ancient walls are terrible
to contemplate!
Consider the position of the aged tutors,
men of peace, "children,” as Mr. Rhodes
called them, upon whom will devolve the
control of sixty energetic colonials filled
with their native snap and energy; of one
hundred and four Americans, some studi
ous and obedient, but others, perchance,
from the "wild and woolly” western
states, who have acquired such a ‘"light
ness and freedom" In their touch of tho
revolver that their election as athletes by
the local educational authorities was at
once 0 assured; of fifteen Germans, whose
skill in the duel has established their
right to the scholarships under the terms
WnUtn for SAe Sonny South
of-the will. It is enough to make a senior
proctor'take out in additional life insur
ance, and even a dean turn pale!
Again, if the Americans, as is ii
way probable, mass together, wl
riot Invent a college yell which vtli,
all the strict and solid laws of dwmi .
that custom has drayyn up for unde^gra^t* •
uate behavior? Will they introduce base-
bail to trie neglect'of the cricket field, an j
will the national ' cocktail displace the
more Innocent college ale? Will the cow
boy contingent from Colorado, Wyoming.
Arizona and Nevada pursue the university
drag hounds upon broncos or gallop along
the towpath beside their boat in the
"eights” discharging encouraging revolv
ers? These be questions indeed!
Once more—the Germans! Their ways
are not Oxford ways. A drinking competi
tion would not recommend itself to the
college authorities, nor, though the turf f
college lawns Is admirably suited for the
purpose would the clash of the schlager
and its subsequent scars be considered de
sirable for the Teutons, who participated
in the duel.
If we prefer the second theory, and
imagine that the scholars will be split up
into small detachments, they will sttll be
in sufficient numbers to leave their mark
upon Oxford. At present there is an ever
growing tendency to snobbery among the
. undergraduates—snobbery less than that
of a man about town, but more than that
of a schoolboy. It takes the form of
sneering at all ancient customs, of abol
ishing those few remnants of old-time un
dergraduate ceremonies that are in any
way distinctive. Indeed, the modem Ox- ’
onlan wishes to pcse as very much of
a man of the world.
It is otherwise with less distinguished
branches of the Anglo-Saxon family. The
Americans have laboriously set about en
couraging tradition in their universities
They have their secret societies, class
cries, and a variety of youthful ceremo-
Contlnuott on last pare
...Just a Few...
Of the Good Things for Next Week.
This week the interesting story of Queen Wilhelmina will interest thou
sands of Sunny South readers. Next week the interesting story of the crown
princess of Roumania will be presented. Illustrated.
On Thursday, May 15. England’s most famous woman will celebrate her
eighty-first birthday. Do you know who it is? The story will be told in The
Sunny South next week. Illustrated.
How many of our readers, although acquainted with General John Mor
gan’s famous raids, know the details of his death? The story will be told next
week. Illustrated.
The Society of Cincinnati Is internationally famous. Its origin in the south
and famous names associated with it Two installments. Illustrated.
The first of a series of prose poems by Frank L. Stanton will begin next
week. There will be a half dozen of these artistic and delightful bits of
word painting.
Story of the movement in St. Louis to prevent the dismantling of the
houses in which Jefferson Davis and General Grant were married. Illus
trated.
Tales of the effort to build an ocean-to-ocean railroad. Mississippi. Geor
gia. Alabama. Kentucky, South Carolina and Tennessee were all interested.
First anti-Caucasian plot was scotched by Zeb Vance. The story will be
told in next week's issue.
Colonel A. S. Colyar, of Nashville Tenn.. who is writing the "Life of Gen
eral Jackson.” contributes an absorbingly interesting story of the rupture be
tween Jackson and Calhoun.
Tlx* fors^olntf srtlcUi *r* just * portion of rhtl poo
mrsmm