Newspaper Page Text
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APRIL 4, 1903
THE SUNNY SOUTH
ELEVENTH PAGE
Was Aaron Burr An Arch Conspirator?
Written for 83Hm Sonny Soo»h
EARLY one hundred years
have elapsed since the
country was startled by
the announcement that
Aaron Burr, late vice pres
ident of the United States,
was engaged in an enter
prise of treason to create
an empire west of the
Mississippi river; while
nearly seventy years have
passed since all that was
mortal of this wayward
child of adversity was laid
to rest in the little cemetery at Prince
ton, where an unpretentious slab of mu
tilated marble may be seen today bear
ing this inscription:
AARON BURR. ;
Bor* Feb. Sth. 1756. •
Died Sept. 14th, 1836. :
Colonel in the Army of the Rev- :
olution. ;
Vice President of the United :
States from 1801 to 1805. :
W'hat the elements have been kind
enough to spare of this once attractive
piece of stone the relic hunters have
been industriously appropriating from
year to year until the. monument lias now
become very badly defaced; but in this
respect it bears no fanciful resemblance
to the man whose last resting place it
marks.
Everything about the place sharply
contrasts with the associations which
invest this particular grave, and the
monument seems to thrust itself upon
the view like an unwelcome intruder.
Occupying the narrow inclosure which
immediately surrounds it are buried the
presidents of Princeton college, Aaron
Burr, his distinguished father, and Jon
athan Edwards, his maternal grand
father, who, in the order named, were
the first to presidp over this famous
institution of learning, are buried in the
area just back of him; while old John
Witherspoon sleeps less than ten feet
away. Strange that one whose character,
if history does him justice, was little
governed by the precepts of religion
should find his last resting place in this
particular spot of ground which has im-
memorially been set apart to men of
piety; and it almost seems as if Burr
had sought this quiet corner in order
that by associating himself in death
with the princes of the church he might
escape the adiums which followed him re
lentlessly through life and branded him
as a traitor and a skeptic, when perhaps
he was neither.
t\ as it the irony of fate which caused
the body of Aaron Burr to be interred in
this place, or was it the spirit of proph
ecy?
Despite the fact that it sounds like
rank heresy to plead the cause of this
proscribed American citizen, there are
many independent Investigators who
contend that Burr was by no means the
evil genius which he is commonly rep
resented to be and that sooner or later
the world will come to regard him, not
with admiration perhaps, but with less
harshness of criticism than at present.
tin his death-bed Burr expressed the
wish to he buried in the spot which is
now marked by his monument: and so
when the end came his remains were
brought from New York to Princeton and
interred at the feet of his pious fore
fathers.
From an old newspaper which has been
preserved in the tiles of the college the
following brief account of the burial has
been obtained:
“On Friday morning, the 16‘h of Sep
tember. the body of the TSTe Colonel Burr
was put on a steamboat at Staten Island
and conveyed with a number of friends
and relatives from New York to Amboy.
Here it was received by the railroad
cars and taken to Hightstown. 9 miles
from Princeton. Carriages having been
Previously provided, the remains, with
the friends of the department, proceeded
to - rinceton college, where the body was J
deposited until the hour of interment |
should arrive. j
“At the appointed hour the profes- j
eors, collegians and citizens having as
sembled, the ceremony commenced by a
prayer to the throne of
Buried grace. It was succeeded
With *11 by an appropriate ser-
of mon, delivered by the
War’s president of the college,
Honor* after which the proces
sion was formed on the
college green and proceeded to the bury
ing ground under an escort of the mili
tary. accompanied by martial music. He
was buried with the honors of war. The
firing over the grave was performed by
the Mercer Guards. Many of the citi
zens united with the relatives and friends
in the last sad rites.”
Most of our school histories have taught
that Burr was an arch-conspirator sec
ond only to Benedict Arnold in the of
fense of treason, and most of us have
grown up with the idea that there was
no epithe-t in the dictionary too harsh
to characterize his perfidy; hut since
coming to Princeton, where the atmos
phere is full of the recollections of Burr,
my views of the man have undergone
some change. I am not prepared to say
that he was either immaculate or ideal, |
but I have been led to believe from the
local traditions that American public life
has been disgraced by worse characters
than Burr; and my sympathies are strbns-
ly enlisted in the effort which some of his
apologists are now making to show that
By LUCIAN LAMAR KNIGHT
the estimate w'bich is commonly enter
tained of him is not in keeping with the
facts. Isaac Jenkinson goes further than
any one who has yet undertaken to as
sail popular prejudice in defending Burr;
and he has recently published an inter
esting little volume in which he attempts
to show that the enmity of Jefferson is
really the source to which the woes of
Burr must be attributed. But the ear
marks of hostility to Jefferson are so
strikingly apparent throughout the book
that I cannot accept -the author s con
clusions without first subjecting them to
heavy discount. Nevertheless, much of
what he says concerning Burr is true.
Upon the idea that Burr was morally
depraved, I have carefully investigated
the record w'hich he left behind him in
college to see if there were any germs
of depravity sprouting in his mind at this
time, and save for occasional infractions
of the rules of dscipline I have found
nothing which shows that he was any
exception to the average run of spirited
youths. Most of his misdemeanors were
committed during his senior years and
none of them were so grievous as to pre
vent him from graduating at the early
age of 16 with the highest honors of his
class. While in college he even con
sidered the question of going into the
ministry and was dissuaded from taking
this course only by his stronger prefer
ence for the- law. In after years he is
said to have been contemptuous of re-
l gion, but this statement will hardly ad
mit of proof. He never embraced the
sacraments of the church, but he al
ways entertained the profoundest respect
for religion, and the fact that he wished
to be buried in Princeton with his pious
kindred still further supports this conten
tion. He possessed great faults as even
bis stoutest defenders must admit, but
throughout his entire life he was never
seen at the card table, and gambling at
least is not one of the vices for which he
will be called to account.
As thrilling as any romance is the
story of Burr’s military exploits during
the revolution; and while the part which
he took in the struggle for independence
can have no important bearing upon the
issue under discussion, it may be of some
interest in passing to narrate the following
incident which took place in connection
with the expedition into Canada.
On reaching Quebec, the young volun
teer, who was then scarcely nineteen,
was dispatched with -a message to Gen
eral Montgomery, at Montreal, tq an
nounce the arrival of the expedition and
to ask his cooperation in the contemplated
attack* Unaccompanied, he traveled in
disguise the entire distance, which was
something over a hundred miles, through
a hostile region, constantly exposed to
the danger of being cither captured or
shot. Montgomery was so attracted by
the intrepidity of the messenger that he
appointed him an aid on his own staff,
with the r,ank of captain. At the desper
ate attack made on the heights of Que
bec, the young officer, at his own re
quest, was put in charge of a detachment
of forty men, and, at the head of this
force, in the face of the blinding storm,
he climbed the precipitous heights above.
When the attack was made. Burr, at the
side of his general, with two other aides
and an orderly sergeant, led the column.
The British soldiers in the block-house,
taken by surprise, fled in dismay; but
one came back for a moment to discharge
his cannon, which was loaded with grape-
shot and ready for action. This was,
perhaps, the most fatal shot ever made:
it killed the general and his entire ad
vance party, excepting only Burr and the
guide, and it lost to the colonies the en
tire province of Canada. The column
halted, wavered and then precipitately
tied, leaving' the young officer alone by
the side of his dead commander. Slight
and frail though he was the heroic boy
gathered the stalwart form of Montgom
ery in his arms and staggering through
the darkness and the storm, carried the
remains of his general beyond the reach
of the enemies' guns. This act of Burr’s
made so strong an impression upon the
minds of those who witnessed it that it
was never forgotten. In extreme old
age. Dr. Spring, who was with Montgom
ery when the attack was made, happened
to be visiting his son in New York and
inquired about Burr. He was told that
Burr had lost caste and was advised nor
to call upon him; but the old gentle
man replied:
“My son. I must see Burr before T
leave the city. I went through the woods
with him under Arnold. I stood by his
side on the plains of Abraham, and I
have not seen him since the morning
Montgomery fell. The British troops
were advancing upon us, and little Burr
was hastening from the fire of the enemy,
up to his knees in snow, with Mont
gomery's body upon his shoulders. Do
you wonder I wish to see him?”
No further objection was urged and be
fore the visit was over the two old
friends met and spent an evening to
gether.
Su'h gallantry as characterized the
conduct of Burr on the field of battle
bore fruit in the honors which his fellow-
countrymen were by no
GaUant r 3 r means loath to bestow
On Battl* upon him in recognition
Field Was of his proven fidelity;
Fittingly and twenty years after
Rewarded the surrender of York-
towm we find him occu
pying the chair of vice president, having
missed the chief magistracy by only one
vote. But distinguished as his political
achievements were. Burr never consid
ered them of much value, as compared
with his military exploits; and down to
the end of his life, when giving instruc
tions to his biographer, he seemed to
be wholly forgetful of the former and
to be .concerned only for the latter.
“Without touching upon the hopeless
encounter with Hamilton which marked
the turning point in his political fortunes.
we come on down to another episode of
his life which even more than the blood
which he wrung from Hamilton is re
sponsible for his undoing. Between the
affair at Weehawken and the close of
Jefferson’s first term of office nearly a
year intervened and at the expiration of
this time Burr, whose tenure of public
service was now at an end, decided to
make a tour of the western frontier for
the purpose of becoming better acquaint
ed with this part of the union. Some
say that he was actuated in the move
ment by the desire to change his resi
dence, but whatever his plans may have
•been he was very greatly Impressed by
what he saw and prolonged his trip for
several months. Threatened hostilities
with the Spaniards then carried him to
ward the southwest, where he improved
his opportunities for investigating the
condition of things beyond the Mexican
border line. Just as Hamilton had at
one time in his political career been anx
ious to pose as the liberator of South
America, so Burr was eager under like
conditions to become the Instrument of
giving an independent free government
to the oppressed Mexicans. He prob
ably never dreamed of disrupting the
union in order to accomplish this design.
On the contrary, there is strorg rea
son to believe that he was prompted
by the purest of motives. True, he was
acting under no commission from the
government .but he sought to carry out
his plans only in the event of war with
Spain. Both Andrew Jackson and John
Jay, with whom he had discussed his
lilans at some, length, assured him that
there was nothing to be said against
them, and Andrew Jackson even went
so far as to pledge his support to the en
terprise in the event of an open erup
tion; and as we have already seen the
enterprise was predicated upon this con
tingency alone. While in the west Burr
was assured by General Wilkerson, who
was then the commanding officer of the
t United States army stationed on the Mex
ican frontier, that war was imminent,
and that he himself could be relied upon
to assist him in putting his project into
effect. Thereupon Burr addressed him
self to the task of arousing the enthu
siasm of the western people over the
scheme which he hoped to accomplish.
Catching an intimation of Burr’s in
tended purpose his niert enemies in the
east, finding that no commission had
been given him by the government, took
advantage of his absence in the west
and began assiduously to alarm the fears
of the country by trying to make it
appear that instead of being engaged in
an innocent enterprise he was actually
seeking to organize an empire west of
the Mississippi river to embrace not only
the whole of Mexico, but also an inte
gral part of the' territory of the United
States. At this early period there were
no facilities for ascertaining promptly
the truth of such rumors, and naturaly
enough the cry of treason, fed by Burr’s
loss of popularity, took possession of the
public mind and grew apace until it
became the sensation of the hour. Even
Jefferson, with his characteristic equi
poise. became excited over the report and
hastened to acquaint congress with what
he believed to be Burr's effort to disrupt
the union. Meanwhile Burr had appeared
on the borders of Kentucky, where an
attempt had been made to indict him be
fore the grand jury of the state; hut
Henry Clay came to his rescue and the
charges were dismissed as lacking the evi
dence necessary to support them. How
ever. on account of the inflamed condi
tion of the public mind other pretexts for
arresting him were found, and Genera!
Wilkinson, who until this time had been
his professed friend, now became his pro
nounced foe and ingeniously devised the
bill of charges upon which his celebrated
trial in Richmond was ordered. Except
upon the idea that he was either brought
up by Burr’s enemies or was led to be
lieve that his official head was endanger
ed by his relations with one whose mo
tives were suspected, no explanation can
be given of this change of front. Prob
ably the truth of the matter is that he
feared the power of Burr’s enemies and
sought to clear his own skirts by going
over to them as soon as he caught an
intimation of what was in the wind. He
knew that as commander of the United
States army he. had much at
stake; and since he was equally
as much to blame as Burr, if
an % \* wrong had been done the govern
ment. he saw that his salvation lay in
making it appear that Burr was really
the culprit and that he gave him as
sistance early in the game merely for
the purpose of entrapping him. On the
charge that Burr at the head of an armed
force was moving with hostile designs
upon New Orleans, which was then mea-
gerly garrisoned and ill-prepared to sus
tain an attack, Wilkinson succeeded in
compassing Burr’s arrest; but when the
trial occurred it was shown that, he
was simply leading an inoffensive body
of less than three hundred immigrants,
made up of men, women and children, en
route to settle upon some lands which
Burr had purchased on the Mississippi
river. Whatever may be thought of
Burr's morals, it is not to be supposed
that he was capable of such stupidity as
to dream of marching against New Or
leans with hostile intentions at the head
of an insignificant handful of unarmed
settlers; and the whole affair only goes
to show the desperate recourse to which
Wilkinson was put in trying to make a
mountain out of a mole hill. While Burr's
ultimate object in projecting his settle
ment upon the Louisiana bottoms was
to be prepared for developments in the
Mexican situation, there is nothing to
show that this plan of campaign involved
any designs against his own country,
and when he was brought to trial he was
given an unequivocal verdict of acquittal
i Yet, in spite of this solemn deliverance
I of the courts. Burr is still held up to
I publjfc execration as the legitimate suc
cessor of Benedict Arnold in the role of
treason. Jenkinson throws some addi
tional light upon Burr’s motives, and
briefly stated the account which he gives
is as follows:
“In 1806, when Burr made his first visit
to the west, he met with General Wilkin
son, by whom he was assured,that war
with Spain was imminent; and here he
thought was his long looked for oppor
tunity of engaging in the Mexican enter
prise. He sounded Wilkinson and foujid
him already interested In a project of the
kind. They talked over the matter and
agreed upon plans of procedure. These
were substantially that Wilkinson was
to give the earliest possible notice to BiiVr
of his orders to move upon the Spanish
army, and that the instant war was in
augurated Burr would issue his call for
volunteers which, under tlje war feeling
that w'ould be engendered by the actual
presence of war, would receive prompt
response. Thereupon Burr would join
Wilkinson and together they would move
to the conquest of Mexico and when this
was accomplished Burr and Wilkinson,
with all who chose to join them, would
remain and organize an independent gov
ernment.”
Burr lived to see this work which he
proposed for himself accomplished br
others. He lived to see. Texas an inde
pendent state and the
Bu rr Lived American adventurers
To Sa» who brought it about
His Own lauded as heroes and pa-
Plans triots. He was old and ill,
Matured but he watched the strug
gle with Intense interest.
After Texan independence was accom
plished a friend calling upon him one
morning found him all excitement. lie
had just learned the result. “Here,” he
cried, pointing to the new-spaper, "you
see I was right. I was only thirty years
too soon! W'hat was treason in me thirty
years ago is patriotism now.” Burr was
right; his proposed conquest of Mexico,
an enterprise which he had greatly at
heart, was precisely in principle the same
as Hamilton's proposed liberation of
South America and exactly yrhat Houston
did in winning the independence and or
ganizing the state of Texas. Yet men
guided by prejudice and regardless of rea
son condemn Burr, while they excuse
Hamilton and extol Houston.
“Burr’s intention to raise an independ
ent volunteers corps without a commis
sion from the government was not un
patriotic or unlawful; it was exactly
what Andrew- Jackson did some few years
later. Jackson had been a faithful friend
of Burr and approved his Mexican project
if prosecuted as Burr proposed during a
war with Spain. He had been outspoken
in Burr's defense during his trial at
Richmond and had thereby gained the
lasting enmity of Jefferson and his sec
retary of state, Madison. When the war
of 1812 began he was perhaps the best
soldier in the country. He offered his
services to tbe government and was re
jected. Madison had not forgotten that
he had been the friend of Burr and Mad
ison believed w-ith Jefferson that Burr’s
friends w-ere his accomplices. Jackson
could, therefore, get no commission from
the government. Madison was obdurate;
hut Jackson determined to force himself
into the service. Upon his own responsi
bility he issued a call for volunteers and
soon had a force organized and enlisted.
He tendered It to the government. Madi
son, frightened at the failure of the war
up to, this time, dared not refuse, and
the tender was accepted. Thus it appears
that there is some ground for calling
into question the verdict of ostracism
which, has so long condeftined Burr in
tlv eyes of the world. Jenkinson, as we
have seen, credits Jefferson with being
at the bottom of the plot to destroy
Burr, and he dates this enmity from
the time of the presidential contest in the
house of representatives. He says that
Burr could have received the election had
he been willing to accept proposals which
he could not honorably consider and that
Jefferson, realizing his influence with the
masses, sought to get him out of the way
as effectually as possible. But this state
ment appears to be far-fetched and is not
at all necessary in vindicating Bur’s mo
tives. So far as my own investigations
have gone it seems that Wilkinson is the
man who is most conspicuous in the
whole affair and my belief in his ras
cality in confirmed by the efforts which
he subsequently made to collect the sum
of $200,000 out of the Spanish government
for his services in preventing Burr from
accomplishing his project. 'When tl»e
claim was presented it was promptly re
fused on the ground that he was enti
tled to no consideration whatever, and the
party who represented him at the Spanish
court was politely kicked out of the
country and told not to present himself
again. Perhaps there was no man whose
ability to scent treason was more gen
erally recognized than Andrew Jackscon,
but Andrew Jackson could never be con
vinced that Burr was guilty of this odlus
offense and he warmly defended him
whenever the provocation arose. Though
Burr is credited with having dragged
Blennerhasset into the Mexican expedition,
the evidence all goes to show that Blen-
nerhassett made the first overture to
Burr, being captivated with the idea of
financiering an enterprise which his large
means might help to make successful
and while in the end might recompense
i him with splendid returns.
Two things operated to prevent the
j public from ratifying the verdict of the
| jury which acquitted Burr of the cri'mc
of treason, viz: his duel with Alexander
Hamilton and his reputation for b'emg
an immoral man. Had it not been for
such considerations as these. Burr's fate
might have been altogether different, but
since he was already credited with pos
sessing an evil genius, it was natural
enough for the public to believe him cap
able of almost everything. So in spite
of the verdict of file *iry, there existed
an undercurrent of belief that he was
nally guilty of the charge; and this con
viction has seemingly gathered strei.gth
as time has elapsed. But it is altogether
fair to Burr, whose shortcomings are no
doubt grievous enough at best that he
should still be branded with the crime of
which the courts have acquitted him? My
own convictions are that Burr differed
from most corrupt men in making no
effort to disguise his faults and that con
sequently he appeared to’be much worse
than he really was. Investigation will
show that mingled with his faults he pos
sessed many sturdy traits of character,
such as are seldom found in men whose
integrity is not above suspicion, and even
his reputed vices perceptibly diminish
when it is remembered that nature rarely
falls to punish with keen retributive jus
tice the violators of her laws and that
men who persistently lead abandoned
lives seldom reach the patriarchal age
of four score years.
Following his trial Burr spent some
time in Europe, where he was graciously
received by many persons of distinction,
although there were numerous unpleas
ant incidents in connection with his so
journ abroad which served to remind him
of his ostracism at home. While in Paris
be obtained an interview w-ith Napoleon
and endeavored to interest him in bis
Mexican enterprise which ho thought
could still be successfully accomplished
in spite of the turn which affairs had
taken; but either from distrust of Burr
or because he felt that he had enough en
terprises of conquest on hand already
without transferring his operations to
America, he refused to give him any co
operation. On his return to this country
Rurr rcoixmed his law office in New York
and resumed the practice of his profes
sion. Contrary to the notion w-hich is
very widely entertained, he enjoyed an
income from his labors at the bar which
not only supported him in comparative
comfort but also enabled him to pay oft
some of his old debts. By his brethren
at the bar he was treated w-ith uniform
courtesy; and whenever he appeared in
the court he was heard with eager in
terest. Usually the room was crowded
with spectators. Conscious that the
querulous gaze of the public was fixed
upon him, he carried himself w-ith an air
of dignity which compelled respect. To
begin life anew under the circumstances
which surrounded him was no easy mat
ter, and he made it purposely still more
difficult by returning^ the tie stronghold
of his enemies in New York, resolved to
show them that the man who was once
vice president of the United States could
still walk with his head erect, and in
spirit at least was superior to his mis
fortunes.
None of Burr’s immediate relatives sur
vived him and his latter days were spent
in comparative isolation; but when final
ly stricken w-ith paralysis and rendered
helpless, an elderly lady by the name of
Mrs. Webb, w-hose father had made his
acquaintance during the revolution, took
him to her own home and tenderly nurs
ed him until his physicians thought it
best to take him to the hospital, where
he soon afterwards died.
Unfortunately, most of his manuscripts
shared, the fate of his beautiful and bril
liant daughter, Theodosia, wife of Gov--
ernor Joseph Alston, of South Carolina.
During the year 1813, Theodosia, to whom
Burr had entrusted his papers before
starting upon his European trip, sailed
for New- Y'ork, taking with I.**-, at her
fathers’ ^quest. all of the documents
which she possessed; but nothing was
ever subsequently heard of the vessel, and
presumably it was lost at sea. Some have
thought that possibly it may have fallen
into the hands of pirates, but there seems
to be little ground for this conjecture.
How keenly Burr felt the loss of bis only
daughter, whose wealth of personal and
intellectual graces made her an object of
tender pride to him may perhaps be bet
ter imagined than described. Even the
■ minutest detais of her education had been
| planned by him w-ith the utmost care,
I and no expense was considered by him in
j his ambitious desire to perfect her ac
complishments. But she fully rewarded
with her gifts, she gave him an affection
I w-hich his subsequent obloquesy only serv-
| ed to bring out in bolder relief: and when
i I think of this broken old man turning
to his daughter in the hour of anguish
! and being encouraged by her faith to be-
| gin the fight anew-, I cannot believe tnat
I the heart which cherished sqch affection
could be wholly base.
Frinceton, N. J.
Attractive Girls Are These
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By FLORENCE B. CROFFORD.
Wrii.en .or TTfjf* Sunny i"ou♦ ’-x
HE Creek tribe, though
small and fast disappear
ing down the trail that
leads to the setting sun, is
easily the most interesting
of the five civilized tribes.
This is true in part be
cause of their excessive
clannishness and conserva
tism, but principally on ac
count of the frequent and
futile uprisings of the full-
blood element of the tribe
that opposes bitterly the
innovations of the hated “paleface.” This
dissatisfied faction wants nothing to do
with progress and civilization, refusing
to mix w-ith their white neighbors, and,
under the leadership of a miserable “fire-
eater,” known as Crazy Snake (his “store
name” is Wilson Jones), they band to
gether in a secret order called “Snakes”
and go on the war path w-ith an energy
that is a little disconcerting to Uncle
Sam.
These disgruntled red men demand the
restoration of their happy hunting
grounds, where in the old days buffalo,
deer and antelope roamed in herds, but
where today the ever-present and greedy
home-seeker has erected his pioneer cabin.
They even accuse the “great white fa
ther” at Washington of violating the
treaties made with his red children, whose
lands he.has gobbled up.
Thus it is with the full-blood Creeks,
and rumor has it that several thousand
of them are preparing to remove them
selves. en masse, to the mountains of
Arizona and New Mexico.
Many know-ing ones believe that the real
inspiration of the Creek rebellions is one
Chinnuobie Harjo, the Creek poet and his
torian; but when one reads his dainty
verses and quaint Creek folklore tales
he is loath to believe it of him. In real
lire this red-skinned genius is Alex Posey,
a half-breed, editor of The Indian Jour
nal and superintendent of the Creek
schools.
The origin of this belligerent little na-
been called the Grand Old Man of the
Creeks.
Then why should not these daughters
of royal rulers be called in all serious
ness American princesses?
They are, in truth, of royal lineage,
their beauty and grace cannot be surpass
ed in fill the land, they are being educated
in the best schools of our country, and
the fractional portion of strong, rich
red blood that courses through their veins
but gives to them an added grace of car
riage, a richer coloring, and a super
abundance of vitality that is the heritage
of a forest people.
And as a last appeal to those of mer
cenary minds, I might urge that they are
heiresses in their own right, for the
“head right” of a girl owning Indian
blood is not to be lightly put aside.
She shares and shares alike the tribe’s
wealth with the most ignorant
full-blood that hides away from an en
croaching civilization in the foot hills of
the interior.
Miss Mayme Porter, who according to
rigid court etiquette takes precedence of
our other “princess,” is the daughter of
the ruling Creek chief. She is not yet out
of school. An eastern woman’s college is
moulding this plastic young Indian maid
after culture’s most finished form.
Though almost a full-blood. Miss Porter
in appearance is quite handsome, and it
would be altogether impossible to imagine
this well-gowned and accomplished young
woman in the elk-tooth squaw dress of
deerskin, the brilliant blanket and liberal
application of red and yellow paint af
fected by numbers of half and even quar
ter breed girls of the nonprogressive In
dian tribes. Miss Porter is not only at
tractive, “per so,” but will inherit consid
erable wealth from her father in addition
to what her tribal rights will bring her.
The family of Isparhecher, from which
our second type of royal Creek women
has sprung, have ever been celebrated
for the prowess in war, wisdom in
council of its men and the beauty and
virtue of its women. Miss Leoti Crabtree,
a granddaughter of the old chief, is no
exception to 'the rule. Her beauty is of
that fresh, lovely type usually attributed
to young goddesses, and her bright mind
6Mb' NEWTON BICYCLE, lUmd
10 DAYS’ FREE TRIAL,
OUR BENT’S NEW NAPOLEON BICYCLE
EBT BRICE .th.r Ham altar Mercies.
We use the Highest QraSe tnmMhm
made and furnish the "
BICYCLE eilMUMTEE.
FOR ASTONISHINGLY:
LOW PRICES, £' ,arlowor
BHB| far the meet liberal Mej-ole
offer ever heard of, for large beautl-
I fut Illustrations and complete des
criptions of aU oar new 1S03 bicycles
and bicycle supplies, for prices,
Hu— end conditions that will our*
prlaa you, writs See aar Tree Wry sis
Cstalesse. Our Free Bicycle Cats-
LOBUE taBs hew to Bet a Mcyeto
free. a* BABY CONDITIONS, talla
bow to buy a bicycle outright for
about one half the lowest price any
othar house will name, talla how you
caa make Uto-Oa to WOO.OO In to days
by devoting only your spare time.
OUR RICYCLE CATALOGUE
is free, riyjxiursrs.
go to you by return mafl.
SEMS, MEMCX t M.
CHICAGO, nLL. ,|
Miss Leoti E. Crabtree.
d-32 Creek.)
tinn is so closely interwoven with that
of the Muskogee Seminoles of Florida
that it is difficult to distinguish between
them. Muskogee is really the Indian
name for Creek, and these Creeks are
merely a branch of the old tribe. In the
dense everglades of Florida there stilt
hide a few hundred pure-blooded Se-mi-
noles whose language is the same as that
of the Creeks of the Indian Territory.
This tongue, which is admitted by phil
ologists to be tbe most perfect of all
the American Indian dialects, is soft and
flowing, and so musical is it among the
Creek women as to resemble the singing
of birds.
Hence it is not surprising that among
tne patrician classes of the Creeks are
found many women with that most
charming of all gifts, a low, sweet voice;
also that talented musicians, as well as
gifted vocalists, are not rare with these
people.
Not all of the Creeks, by half, have
stubbornly rejected civilization. There
are numbers of cultured, educated men
and .women among them; some few are
full-bloods, but the majority are from
that class known as the Intermarriage
citizens—the happy result of the ming
ling of Hie white and red faces In the
Indian Territory.
Two of the most beautiful and talented
young women of the Creek tribe are
daughters of chiefs celebrated for their
wisdom in council and
Big Guns their astute statesman-
Among ship. One, the leader of
tig* the progressive, educated
Intelligent reeks, ( Hon. Fieas-
Creeks nt Porter, now
principal chief of the
Creek nation; yie other, Isparhecher, a
full blood and an aged ex-chief of the
council, one of the most influential mem
bers ol the tribe. Indeed, Isparhecher has
Miss Mayme Porter,
(Half-breed Creek.)
lends itself readily to culture. Miss Crab
tree is a very fine musician and is at
present engaged in finishing her musical
education in the east.
This fair Creek maid shows very little
of the aboriginal strain. In truth, the
most acute observer would not think a
moment of crediting her with having one
drop of Indian blood in her veins. She
is only one thirty-second Creek, but a
fraction of Chickasaw Indian blood is
also mingled with the Creek and Cau
casian. Her Indian name is Chitto Mekko,
according to the nomenclature of the
Chickasaws. hut in polite society this
name is not used at all, and Miss Crab
tree knows nothing of society that is not
polite.
The manners of these Indian girls are
faultless and Itheir social accomplishments
would win applause in any select gath
ering throughout the civilized world.
All honor to these girls who scorn not
the noble race’ from which they have
sprung! May the world soon come to
understand that there are Indians other
than those that wear blankets and dwell
in tepees!
HOW'S THISP
We offer One Hundred Dollars Reward
for any ease of Catarrh that cannot be
cured by Hall’s Catarrh Cure.
F. J. CHENEY & VO., Props., Toledo, O.
We, the undersigned, have known F. J.
Cheney for the last 15 years, and believe
him perfectly honorable in all business
transactions and financially able to carry
out any obligations made by their firm.
WEST & TRUAX, Wholesale Druggists,
Toledo. Ohio.
WALDING. KINNAN & MARVIN,
Wholesale Druggists. Toledo, Ohio.
Hall’s Catarrh Cure is taken internally,
acting directly upon the bl-ood and mu
cous surfaces of the system. Price 75c per
bottle. Sold by all Druggists. Testi
monials free.
Hall’s Family Pills are the best.
TIE
1900” FAMILY
WASHER FREE.
Createst Invention of the Age. La*
borand Expense of Washing
Clothes Cut in Two.
No More Stooping, Rubbing or Boiling e4
Clothes.
Every Household Needs One.
THE “1900” BALL-BEARING
FAMILY WASHER SENT FREE
to anyone answering this advertisement,
without deposit or advance payment of
any kind, freight paid, on 30 days'
trial. he 1900 Ball Bearing Wash
er is unquestionably the greatest labor-sav
ing machine ever invented for family use.
Kntirely new principle. It Is simplicity it
self. There are no wheels, paddles, rockers,
eranks or complicated machinery'. It re
volves on bicycle ball-bearings, making it by
far the easiest running washer on the, mar
ket. Xo strength required, a child can oper
ate it.
Xo more stooping, rubbing, boiling of clothes.
Hot water and soap all that is needed. It
will wash large quantities of clotheS (no mat
ter how soiled) perfectly clean in 6 minutes.
Impossible to injure the most delicate fab
rics.
Would Not TakeS5D for If.
Spring Hill. Texas. Nov. 3, 1399.
My wife would not take $50 for her 1900
Rail-Bearing Washer and do without one. The
more she uses it the more she likes it. I
think yours the best machine in the. world.
J. C. MATTHEWS.
It Ih n Wonder.
Savannah Yacht Club. r
Savannah. Ga., Jan. 21, 1901.
After a thorough trial of your 1900 Washer
on all kinds of washing, 1 think you have
a “wonder." We have a very large washing,
and have always had two women on Monday
and one to finish on Tuesday. Our wash
ing cost us SIO per month. With your
washing machine, our cook and the yard
boy' did the washing in 4 hours, much better
than it was done before. Your washer i3
all you claim for it.
W. M. KIDWELL, Supt.
Xo Roiling, Xo Rubbing.
Christianburg. Va., March 4. 1901.
T write to say that I have given the washer
a thorough trial, and am delighted with it.
I followed instructions carefully, and was so
surprised to find that it did its work well.
Xo boiling, no rubbing, and my' clothes on
the line as white and clean as I ever saw
them, with half the work.
X. B. WILSON.
Write at Once for f 'ataloerue anil Full Par*
tirularrt.
“1900” WISHER CO.,
JO K, Satate Si., Binjcliinton, X. Y.
WANTED—Persons to learn drawing and paint
ing by our copyrighted method. We are the
only institution in the Country making a spe
cialty of this system. Both collegiate and cor
respondence courses. Samples of our work sent
prepaid, to all applicants. Address THE ELK-
HURST ART INSTITUTE, Tyrone. Pa.
A HANDSOME WATCH
GIVEN AWAY.
You can obtain one of our hand
some Watches without cost, if
you sell 20 cases of our Perfume
at 6c. each among your friends,
and send ns the One
Dollar thus received.
We are distributing
these Watches simply
to advertise our busi
ness. There is no mis
representation or hum
bug about this—so if
you wish to secure one
of our W at< lies, all we
ask is that when you
received it you will
show it to your friends.
Thousands are receiv
ing Watches from us
and are delighted with,
them. This is a grand
opportunity to get a
handsome Watch,
without, paying a cent.
We give a beauti
ful Wateli as a present to anyone who sells 20 cases of
our Perfume at 5c. each and remits tie $1.00 for same. Send
your name and address and we will mail you the Perfume
postpaid. When sold, send us the $1.00. and we will for
ward vouthe handsome Hold laid Watch. We trust you
and take hack all you cannot sell. No catch-words in this
advertisement. We mean iustwliat we say. ^ on require no
capital while working for us. Satisfaction Guaranteed.
Address, PERSIAN GO. Box 180. New York City.
A SOI!D GOLD WATCH
is not any better than the watch we are
S£4 D .?J ou for *4.95. SEND XO
”ON Ex . Send us.vour name, address
and express office and we will send
you this elegant ivatch; Solid 14-K
bold Killed, beautifully decor
ated. Genuine American Movement
jeweled, adjusted, stem wind,
stem set and best time piece
ever offered for the money.
Guaranteed 25years. Examine
the*
Isflel
gain pa* express
•cent audit is your* together with
cheiu »nd eh*rm for cents or b AO-lach
Iorznette chain for ladles. Order at once.
I'N’TFD STATES 4KWKLRY CO.
dent. c” Morion Bide.. CHICAGO#
FREE
CURE
RUPTURE
No operation, pain, danger or detention from work. No
return of rupture or further use for trusses; a radical
cure In every case, old or young. Sample treatment free
to all. It will cost you nothing to try this famous method.
Don’t wait, write to-day. Dr. W.S. Klee. Box 50, Adams, II. Y«
ME
OH
W OM
L $150 per Month
Salary or
Commis
sion
Introducing our King Butter Separator and Aera
tor. Produces Creamery Butter from Cream or
Milk,Sweet or Sour In less than five minute*.
Kverv owner of n Cow a customer. Write today
for Sole Agency stating territory desired. Our
free sample and salary proposition will inter
est you. (’iirtiss-Williams Co., Dept. G5 Clii-
rago, 111.
inn Lots free—Send stamp for deed 25x100 feet.
I UU Suburb X. Y. Title guaranteed.
SOtli Century Realty Co., <> Wall St.. X. Y.
33%
paid by the Mexican Plantation Asso
ciation, 1602 Title and Trust Building,
Chicago, III. Oldest of its kind in
Mexico. ESTABLISHED 1897. Has
6,000 shares, or acres, planted to per
manent crops, rubber, coffee and va
nilla. The Association’s contract is
like an insurance policy—in case of
death the money is refunded. 4S deaths
have ooeurod since 1S97. These shares
will now be resold. For full particu
lars. address as above.
rW^SPECTACLESf*^K # i“n?.
COKLTEBOPTICALCO.
Two Rings Free!
We will give these Two SOLID
©OLD laid J.’ings, one set with largo
Garnet and three Pearls, one with Ruby
ami two Brilliants, FREE to anyone
that will sell ItS of ottr Gold Plate
Enamolrd Brooch***. set with dif
ferent colored stones at 10 cents each,
and sends us the *l.RO. No money
required until brooches are sold. We
take back all not sold. Address
Howard Mfg. Co., Providence, R.|»
New Electric Power Plant in Canada
The current to Montreal is sent over
*he long circuits at a pressure of 50,000
volts, on nearly 5,000 poles from the adja-
ctnt forests, and the wire cables are of
riuminum instead of copper. The circuits
row up will carry 8,000 horse power, and
nt least 30,000 horse power Is thus to be
flashed from Shawinigan to the receiving
station at Maisonneuve. The aluminum
itself is being extracted by this power
up in those remote woods, and otner
products are already being made or aio
in contemplation. The big generators,
transformers, etc., are of American ori
gin; and the chief engineers. Messrs. Wal
lace C. Johnson and Ralph D. Mershon,
me men who have won their reputation
fn the United States. As noted above,
Quebec is at about tho same striking Jis-
£>rce from Shawinigan as Montreal, and
hopes also soon to see the resources of
its own beautiful Montmorency Falls re
inforced by this remarkable development,
so far and yet so near.—From “Long-
Distai*c.“ Power-Transmission in Can
ada,” by Thomas Commerford Marlin, in
T he American Monthly Review of Re
views for Marco.