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EDITORIAL PAGE THE SUNNY SOUTH t5he SUNNY SOUTH Published Weekly by Sunny South Publifhing Co Busine/s Office THE CONSTITUTION BUILDING ATLANTA, GEORGIA Subscription Terms: To those who subscribe Co 6>>e Sunny South only Six Months, 25c 'F One Year, 50c LESS THAN A PENNY A WEEK Entered at the ponroftlce Atlanta, On.tflu lecond-claRf mall matter starch 13, 1901 Sunny South Is the oldest weekly paper of Literature Romance, Fadt and Fldtlon in the South It Is now re* Stored to the original shape and will be published as for• fnerly every week X& Founded In 1373 It grew until 1399, ; when, as a monthly. Its form was changed as an expert" J ment X? It now returns to Its original formation as a weekly with renewed vigor and the Intention of eclips< tng its most promising period in the past. i interests will have a word to say before any inter- i vention is authorized which will affect their op- 1 portunities. It will likewise be interesting to j watch the outward development of these influences ) which, submerged though they be, are neverthe- 1 less among the most powerful. There is no doubt, i too, that however desperate her financial condi- j tion may grow and however strong the pressure | exerted, Japan will not consent to an abrupt end- ; ing of hostilities until she is assured that she will | not be despoiled of the advantages gained by her | victorious arms, as she was ten years ago. Incidentally, the cynic is furnished considerable ; ground for derisive comment, when we recall that | not the countless lives being snuffed out and the ! thousand homes devastated furnish the motive for i the present rumor of intervention, but the cold blooded one of—money. Finance Likely to Affect Far Eastern War RE we approaching the super-civil ized era when commercial interests will so dominate world councils as to control the declaration and stop page of war, at their pleasure. The question is at least worth consider ing in view of statements coming from apparently authentic sources, Unrest Preva lent in Russia USYIA is as civilized, pros- peious and free as any na tion need wish to be.” That is the verdict of many a foreigner who vis its Rt. Petersburg- or Mos cow for -.'he Hrst time with letters o' introduction to some of the well-to-do natives. Tie is agreeably surprised at their hospital ity, which, in truth, is generous and spontaneous: with their knowledge or foreign tongues, which Is often marvel ously thorough: with their prodigality in spendfhg money, and with their frankness in criticising their government. So he smiles at the absurd legend of a vam pire bureaucracy; a down-trodden people, a reign of terror, and an atmosphere of suspicion. It is a tissue of inventions, | thinks the visitor as he enjoys the good j fare set. before him. and drinks to the i perpetuation of things as they are. Hut t the simple-minded foreigner resembles a TTT . „ Belgian whom a. Russian once conducted HE puckered human lips emitting the OVPr thP Npva in winter and wh0 fanciPd staccato or the rhythmic purling h e was walking” over snow-covered Melds. whistle are instruments for expres- j ^ ,lok,n * at * h « improvised streets, divided . : « from each other by lines of spruce trees, SlOn of moods to which relatively a t the lamps, the watchman's booths. Or the workingmen with pickaxes and sledge hammers, and the electric ti-om* way cars plying to and fro every few minutes, he could not realize that, be— transfix neath the white, hard crust which boro the weight of all these persons and things, the broad river was swiftly flow ing to the Finnish gulf. And it is even more difficult for the foreigner who can not speak the language to discern at nrst any signs of unrest among tne people, and still more any reasonable causes for it in the government. But. none the less, both exist, and are as real and tangible as the rush of the cold current beneath U Along' the Highway By FRANK L. STANTON J JULY 2, 1904 57te Busy World AL The Man Who Can ways Whistle little attention has been paid the man with a quick ear for popu lar or classic music, who can “catch the melodies flying” anc them in his memory to be trilled out when he must furnish his own audience, has within himself sources of self-amusement and solace which are lost to the individual whose memory remains unresponsive to musical poesy, or whose vocal or- to the effect that the biggest finan-1 gans and gray matter are not in such accord that | the n< :va’s icy crust. IF LIFE BE A DREAM. I. This—when no star in the dim sky is beaming: If Life be a dream, it is well worth the dreaming! If thorns be a-plenty the way that Life goes, It still looks to God for the gift of a rose! Take heart in the trouble, And stem the swift stream, And if Life be a dream, dear, We’ll dream out the dream! II. Though the road maybe rough, and the night may be long, We are here for the sorrow, as well as the song!-— For the toil and the tears,—but no tear ever fell But a rain 1)0w was in it that whis pered: “All’s well!” Take heart in the trouble! — We’ll stem the swift stream! Oh, if Life he a dream, dear. We’ll dream out the dream! THE LITTLE TIME. I. A little time for sighs, dear,— A little time for song; Sweet questions and replies, dear, And then the Night—so long! II. Though Light this life’s adorning,^ How swift it is in flight! We only say, “Good morning,” And then, “Goodnight! Goodnight!” Nowadays It is much easier than it used to be to discern signs of the times and the shadows of coming events. For peo ple arc more outspoken than they were, although of course even now they dare not carry their hearts on their sleeves, for daws to peck at. But their- who fear to censure “damn with faint praise.” "What do you Russians want with more liberty than you have?” Inquired an ciers in the world are behind a he can reproduce it at will. Music surpasses even movement looking toward peace in j literature in supplying subjects fit for every men- the Far East. The reasons given tal caprice. There are the lilting, rollicking airs for such intervention are that “in- for the man who feels his spirits bubble within terest rates are being affected and him and demand lively expression; when inelan- the injurious influences e»f the war | choly grips your soul sore there are the thought- are spreading beyond the combatants. They are ful, pensive tunes to chime in with your solitary hurting the men who make and break kings. It is whims; if you are privately rehearsing a proposal j American senator, who rushed through petting more and more difficult to finance large j to a beautiful woman, certain tones rise in se-j thc empire two years ago. ana tnen pud- 0 . T . , , , • , V i , , , , • . , fished a thick volume on The people and enterprises. It is said that the war is not only quence to the memory to Unci absent-minded ut-i the country .. AVe want p rea thing spaca embarrassing the projects of European capitalists,! terance at the lips; if selfish plots occupy your land tibow room.” was the reply he re but that it is having a bad effect on railwav con - busy mind, the realm of “ordered sound” will pro- i ^ther f *Tuhough b n™tonger n babies ha we struction and other industrial enterprises in the; vide thc sardonic accompaniment to your swiftly are stiii kept m swaddling clothes, and, United States. Powerful corporations and indi-i moving mental machinery. It is a great, if some-1 i’ inin s for meat ami or viduals are bringing their influence to bear to end; what intangible pleasure, too, to yield to the mys- | hostilities. Those who understand the tremen- terious whim of the moment and lolling back in [official dous power of the corporate and money interests the porch chair of a droning summer night, let! Ana wlult d -2 > ou suppose was the tneme believe that they will eventually succeed in stop-1 ti e brain and larynx and lips conspire together toi olas x before and during the Crimean ping the war." While these assertions may not be bring out from your soul the fragments of half-| war. we dared not speak or comment on categorically and literally true, there is no dis- j forgotten songs with and without words. You will j c ' urrent topics ’ 1 took u v a -Russian news- A NOTE BY THE WAYSIDE. . j An old colored brother grot off a I good deal of philosophy in this home ly text: “We larn dis lesson from de Lightnin’: De reason it never strikes twice in de same place fs kaze it does its work so well while its at it, dat dey ain’t no use at all in its goin’ back to do it over!” a rhyming critic. A certain author sent a new book of his to a critic, accompanied by the following lines: “Just go ahead and read Writ in these heartless da>s. I’m certain, if you take a !oo ... You’ll say some word ot pre To the above the critic, with rnoI ’ N candor than kindness, replied. “I’ve read your book, with good d sign, And found there many matters, But. ah! the binding is too t>n« For me to tear to tatters. A DIFFERENCE OF OPINION. Referring to one of the' city po - ^ who was always praising the heautie of farm loo, one of the rural singe.s wrote: “Your rhyme I scarcely understand, Though to the heights you raise it. It’s one thing for to plow the land Another thing to praise it. PROVERBS OF THE HIGHWAY. There is never rain enough in the world to drown all the roses. Thor, is always one for Love to w his breast. Sometimes the world rolls so close the great hereafter that one has an uncomfortable feeling that his r ment is scorching. Some men are so good natured that if they reached heaven, they d J 1 dancing if an angel happened to strike up a lively tune. Taking the world as we find it is good philosophy, but trying to take it. all is quite a different matter. Trouble comes to some of us be cause we spend more time in hoping for the best than we do in working for it. Sorrow teaches great lessons, but we’d all rather dance to the music of Joy. i Uncertainty continues I” pi < F ar Eastern situation, although cjstent rumors of the imminc: decisive land battle still circulai Japanese armies in south) r are now pushing steaculj outposts are constant! fighting, but nothing import > suited. ’ Viceroy Alexb fi - rr v battle of the Port Arthur squad the Japanese stops t)i Meets joined battle, nothin*? h learned by him as to th Admiral Togo, reporting th. the recent battle off Port Ar that one Russian battle arid three cruisers dam General Kuropatkin has doci-h back with his entire foro- anes e have succeeded in turnin Russian left flank and hold p< west of Mukden and Liao-Yai • ~ i.r M ... 11 in th the per ce of : - Bot; ; mchurl, "d. Th tged a slan force, consisting of . of infantry, two regiments < sixteen guns, was defeat) by the Tnkushan Japanese forts within the inner entr Arthur leave bee,, t , SP . says an uneonfirm Russi sumrr turely Th Tht beer Port Japanese, says rent in Tokio t Delfin hf ly and twenty-one m , Russian battle ship Nav mod at Kronstadt by the ron Mania. Most R. ’all Th ’anter! epted convent: Dr R T Dov’rixor, ! church nf the I’nited States rat Boston next October, here express the belief that the archbishop will result lotions between the wester the English church. Beside bishop of Canterbury. Dr. primate of the Church of prelate of the Order of th. also enjoys many other dist tUL Mf we are sus tained on milk from an infant's feeding I went yesterday to a meeting of , who almost all think as I do. counting' thc very real power of making of war. It is reliably reported that Rus-j the sia’s indebtedness, for instance, is so heavy that the czar's advisers find difficulty in negotiating sufficient loans to maintain the enormously expen sive military and naval establishments of the country. France is probabl}- the only sincere . . . I paper this morning; it had been read and finance m the j he surprised at the involuntary manner in which j censored, by ow rulers before n reached ft,„ -.-t-i,--. ! me, and had it contained a line ot wnich Wltn tne ouler ’ | any minister seriously disapproved it each separate one bringing hack scenes hitter and would have been sent back to be altered. r i. j , .• , , tr j r i r. "My books, foreign and Russian, are sweet, visions of dear delight, dreams of lofty rcad ; revlae( i, and bowdlerized m like ambition, of love hoped for or thwarted—a thou-: manner and reviews which we receive , , ■’ ■ . , , ; from abroad have whole pages cut out, sand and one varying emotions and phantasies, j whole columns blackened, before we are called back from the'fading past bv the magic of i f I!owed to gpt them, i go to church to . _ . . ——, . . . , . \ i • -. ° i hear a sermon, and I know that every triend which Russia has m Europe, and it is said 1 the musical whistle. Almost invariably, too. the: word the priest utters has been submitted that as the Russian fleets and armies lose ground I man who can whistle in bright or depressing, t ° th ® censor before he was allowed to b i ■ . preach it. I read advertlsemets about each day, the Parisian bankers become more and] times, is an optimist. He who goes about his'flats and cooks and coachmen; they, t more chary of advancing the sums 'eagerly re-'tasks with averted face or glum expression, lips quested by the Muscovite government. There is j tight sealed and soul seething with real or fan- no doubt of Russia’s eventual ability and inten-; cied resentments, is an object for pity and truly tion to pay, but the far-seeing Frenchmen fear fit for “treasons, strategems and spoils.” that whatever the issue of the war, the finances of Don’t he led into the erroneous impression that the empire will he so completely demoralized the whistling should be confined to rural lanes and government will defer payment indefinitely. grass-carpeted forests. There it is natural, spon- The Birth and Slow Evolu= tion of “Old Glory h; been perused by ^he catos of the p. I retire to ml Ijtudy In disgust and take up the letters which the post man' has bropght me from Germany, Spain and the i’nited States, and I am aware that they, too. have been read— perhaps copied as well—by the cabinet noir. And those are but a few- examples of what we have to put up with.” SPIES EVERYWHERE. Thus Russians who know exactly wnere In Japan the actual situation is probably a slight taneous, with a thousand inspiring influences and I the shoe pinches have a mo. improvement over that of Russia. Without the stupendous expenditures of the latter country and with probably less corruption, the mikado has not only been able to accumulate a considerable war fund, but has also well preserved the national credit. Tentative negotiations it is said have re cently demonstrated the ability of the government to secure sufficient fun for some time to come, tage enojyed by Japan hankers and larger commercial houses of the is land are understood to have, almost unanimously, offered their aid to the government and the masses of the people have evinced a willingness to empty their private coffers into the national treasury, should such a step become necessary to the con tinuance of the war. ost dismal talc no untoward restraint. Import it into the busy I t0 tel1 of s p' ps wh ° cross their path in , , , , , , . , , protean shapes, of eavesdropping in pri town and cities, where , ' 1 u —’ - — 1 ~-~ u —' J 1 the wheels whir busily and the office clock ticks its monotonous measuring of the day’s task. Let it lighten the tedious round of your labor and tuFsoine of the elements of joy and abandon i/uc-the day’s work. Remember the words of the old ,s > .g which stanchly aver, ; to prosecute the war! “whistle and hoe. whistle and hoe. shorten the \nother decided advan- I rows of the corn, you know.” > domestic unity. The We greatly fear, however, that thc habit of whistling is one regulated by temperaments, and doubt if it ran he acquired td any extent. Still, we ha’’e seen it prove infectious, and a single, blithely whistling man set all of his silent com rades diligently to imitating his method of infus ing variety into toil. This much is undoubtedly true; joy or sorrow are almost equally communi st the same time it is not difficult to convpre-1 cable and if you, the man who believes in whist ling when he is woeful or joyous, will take the pains io indulge your propensity when von see those around you in need of encouragement, you will have set in that one day of your life the pearl of a good action. Let us hope that in these days of feverish, im petuous money-making, this good, old primeval art of whistling will not suffer the decadence into hend the effect on other nations of a protracted war of this magnitude. Money is diverted into an unprofitable channel, uncertaintv prevails as to what the other powers may expect, commercially, at the close of the war, and rates of interest are affected in higher ratio as the war progresses. The one restraining factor is the fact that the present war is a physical solution of the open or closed door in the Far East the international trade! which it seems to be falling. Big Percentag'e of the Wounded In Great Battles Now Recover ODERN warfare differs from ancient and me diaeval conflicts not only in the weapons used, but in the percentage of the jLU wounded who survive a battle. Jn the days of hand-to-hand fighting with fflr BBJ ift pike and sword, battleax anc * <Jagger - the casualties I of a bPaten army in a I hotly contested battle J were apt to be final losses. The wounded were usually taken prisoners or slain. Few men hurt seriously escaped and fierce •nd close pursuit of the victors. Even the winning side had a far small er proportion of losses which were mere ly temporary or technical than armies suffer in these times, when every man hit by a rifle ball figures in the list of casualties, and nine out of ten reported wounded recover soon and rejoin their commands. In modern war the so-called losses published after a battle can r.e cut dow*. *Q 25 or 30 per cent of tho official nuwrisers In ascertaining the per manent diminution of the forces en- gaxed. In this respect, however, battles differ widely. Sometimes actions Sought at close quarters under peculiar conditions, as. for instance, in cases which involve the storming of strong works defended iby heavy artiUery, the proportion of casualties which mean death may rise to eomething like the terrible mortality rate of mediaeval wars. When file Russians flung themselves i upon the French and Sardinian lines at j the Tchernaya river, before Sevastopol, ! in the summer of 1855, they left about ! 3.300 dead on the field, and their wound ed seemed to number only < bout half j that number. But these proportions are ] so remarkable that it must be taken for j granted that many slightly wounded | Russians were sent to the rear and ! never reported as hurt in records which | the allies had the means of comparing with their own statistics, j Keeping in mind, then, the broad fact ! that losses in battle may mean any thing, from death to slight h urts, and the temporary absence from roil call of troops which rejoin their colors later. loss, loss, -French fcss. loss 3.000; allies. 55.000; allies, loss, 14.000; 40,000; allies. 20.000; allies, and remembering that all records of ; 000 Dresden—French 27.000. Leipsic—French 53.000. Jena-Auerstadt Prussian, 35,000. Blenheim—French 13.000. Malpaquet—French 18.. 000. Rose, bach—Prussian Zorndorf—Prussian, 24.000. Kttnerdorf—Prussian. 16.000. Magenta—Freifch-Sardinian, 4,000; Aus trian, 17.000. Solferino—French-Sardinian, 18,000; Austrian, 20.000. Sadowa—Prussian, 9,000; Austrian, 44,- 500; allies. 7.500. 11,000; Russian, 18,500; allies. csaualties in war are disputed by oppo site sides and open to more or less doubt, it is extremely interesting, ot this time, to look over a list of losses, as the figures have gone into history, in some of the more famous battles of modern wars. FIGURES FROM MANY BATTLES. The following shows how greatly the i lighting which has taken place so far in the Russo-Japanese war falls short of ] the havoc which has marked many no- I table battles of the last 200 yearat Borodino—French loss, 30.000 Russian, 40.000. vate houses, of private letter reading by the detective department, ot secret de nunciations and of sudden Imprisonment ; and exile. One of them lately said to me: “As our national s.atirlst constantly used to remark, thero is but one way of escaping from the meshes of this irk some net; acquire a taste for dissipation and rakishness, for gambling or for drink- | ing, and you are promoted like a con victed felon for good conduct in prison. . At the present moment the system or espionage has become so perfect and ex tended that if you read aloud in your own room a play ol Shakespeare’s in which passage occur lacking in respect toward the government ot his time, it Is : known in the police department next day, but what will not be known, of course, is that you wore merely declaiming the work of a world poet, i nave a lackey j here who has been with me ten months. A good, honest, willing fellow. X have I had no complaint against him. He does not drink, nor quarrel, nor gossip—a treasure, in a word. Now and again he : asked leave to absent himself at night, and several times in the forenoon, and, of course, 1 willingly consented. Well, last week I discovered that he is a mem ber of tlie secret police and that his absences were caused by the obligation he is under to report from time to time j about the people wno visit me and tne : things they say. And. as I am ratner I outspoken with my friends. I can guess j what sort of a record they have against ; me in the police department. ! “I have a friend, living in an aristo cratic quarter of the city—a man wno hears a historic name, frequents tiie high- ; est society and is an intimate friend of ! some of the most influential personages jin the empire, and he himself occupies a position which presupposes wealth, pa triotism and loyalty, all or wnich he j possesses. Well, his servants make week- | ly reports to the police about tne names j and conversation of the officials and oth- j ers -.vho frequent his house, uot because | he Is suspected—the idea is monstrous- hut because the instructions given by the ; minister of the interior to the doorkeep- I ers and other servants to keep their eyes j and ears open and to confide their ob servations to the police are binding on all ; the serving class in the capital, without : exception. “Then take the postofflee; it is a star chamber of extorted secrets. The time, labor and money spent upon that branch of our lay inquisition would almost suf fice. if turned into the right channel, to regenerate the empirp. Never before were so many private letters read and copied. I That explains. In part, why such fre quent and wearisome delays occur in the ; forwarding of missives, i know or let ters which spent nine days in getting from St. Petersburg to Moscow. “Formerly tne system was simple; all i letters to suspected persons were care fully read and copies kept, and only a certain percentage of other letters were taken, generally at random. Now the rules are much more rigorous, thanks to ! the organizing talent of the minister or nfeder- tllp interior, who has introduced the Na poleonic system, improved and adapted to Russian needs. Letters to and from foreign countries are closely scanned: en- Gravelotte—German, 21,000; French 14.000. Sedan—German. 9,000; French. 38,000. Inkermann—Russian, 9.000; allies, 2.500. The Alma—Russian. 5,500; allies,’ 3,300. Sevastopol fflnai)—Russian (?); ail., s 10.000. Plevna—Russian, 40,000; Turk. 55,000 Gettysburg—Federal, 23.186; ate, 31,621. Antietam—Federal, 15,856; confederate t 3I.62T. T Chickamauga—Federal, 15,851; con fed- I velopes coming from Germany, especially erate, 17.804 Cha noellorsville—Federal. 16,000; federate, 12.821. Wilderness—Federal 12.469; I 1.400 Waterloo—French 22,000. loss, 31,000; allies, Seven days before Richmond—Federal, 15,249; confederate, 17.583. Ausfteriltz—French 35,000. loss 7,800; allies. Stone River—Federal. 11,578; confeder ate, 25.560. IVagram—French trlan, 35.000. loss. 30,030; Aus- Petersburg—Federal. 10.586; confeder ate, (?). Hried 1 a nd—French 19,000. loss 8,000; allies, Shiloh—Federal, 13,573; confederate, 10.699. Evlau—French l-oss, 18,000. 20,000; allies. Spottsyl vania—Federal, 14,931; confed erate, 9,000. Hohenlinden—French los^ 5,000; Aus trian, 20,000. CONTINUED ON EIGHTH PAGE. j Stuttgart, where an anti-governmental eon- Russian paper is published, are opened, and if the forbidden journal is there it is confeder- j confiscated and the addressee is ‘shadow ed.’ Letters to and from diplomatists are conned and copied. Once a letter was thus read and by an egregious act of for getfulness the copy was Inclosed In the envelope as well and then sent on to the diplomatist. This gentleman complained, of course, and the authorities blandly as sured him that they deeply regretted the mistake and would guarantee that such a painful blunder should never occur aeain. and never since has a copy of a r -ad missive heen forwarded together with the original to any one.” By HELEN HARCOURT. Xfrii.cn /or 7ohf> Contjs AR, far hack, in the olden times, before history was, the flag or banner was born. Almost as soon as men began to collect to gether for purposes of com mon interests, of defense and offence, of rejoicing or of commemoration, some kind of conspicuous object was used as a sym- of the common sentiment, and as a rallying point for the common forces, wheth er eiv’liart or military. It is easy to un derstand from our modern experiences, how necessary standards or emblems were even in those early times, wherever there was a military organization or discipline. They were needed to mark out the lines of stations and encampments, and above all, to point out to the armies the posi tion and course of their leader, as he swept onward in tihe fierce turmoil of bat tle. The standard was something tangi ble to look to. It was held aloof over and in -ront of the fighting hosts, and used as a guide and a signal, much as our •’wig-wag” flags are used now-a-days. Its possession wavs an honor, its loss a disgrace, and this feeling, strong to the death in the olden time, is no less strong today. Among the remains of that people which have left behind them the earliest and clearest traces of civilization, the records of the various objects used as emblems or ensigns are frequently found. Each com pany of the Egyptian army, had its own standard. These were not floating flags, those were evolved later on. but figures borne aloft on poles or staffs, of objects associated in the minds of the Egyptian nation with feelings of awe or worship. Sacred animals, such as the cat, croco dile and bull, and the scareb beetle, or a tablet bearing the name of one of their kings, and fan and feather shaped sym bols, all these were borne aloft at the head of the companies as they marched to battle. Then, as now. it was consid ered to be a special honor to be the bearer of the revered standard, front whose charge only death itself could re lieve him without dishonor. FLAGS NOT NEW. Banners and ensigns are often men tioned in the Bible, and the Jewish tribes and warriors, had each “the ensign of their father’s house.” The Persians bore an eagle fixed to the end of a lance, and on their great standards was pictured the sun which was their deity. Even our own North American Indians carried poles fledged with feathers from the wings of eagles. The anc’ient Mexicans and the Peruvians also carried their own peculiar standards, from which they parted in battle only with death as their conquerer. The Greeks bore a piece of armor on a spearhead in early times, while each of its cities had its own stand ard. The Athenians, for example, car ried into battle an owl and an olive on their standards, the Corinthians a pega- sus, and the Thebans a sphinx. The sig nal for the Greek armies to advance was a purple tunic waved from the point of a lance. This signal, starting from the commanding general’s side, was repeated by each division, until the order had been thus communicated to even the most dis tant troops. Although drapery was occasionally used in the earlier times as a standard, it did not come into common use for military and other ensigns until well on into the middle ages. It was not until the science of heraldy had attained “a habitation and a home” that we find any emblem that was, in the modern sense, a flag. These at first took the form of pennons attached to the lances of knights and nobles. They were small and pointed, sometimes with one point, sometimes with two or three, according to the rank of their owner! From these humble little pennons were gradually evolved the flags of the na tions as we find them today. Their sig nificance and Value can (hardly be over estimated. even in an individual sense. It is a well known fact that flags have often served to rouse to enthusiasm those sentiments of pride, honor, personal de votion, patriotism and religion, upon which, as much as upon good general ship. success in battle depends, a coun try without a flag is but half a country The powerful aid of religion seems al ways to have given a peculiar san. ity to national flags, and the origin of many of them can be traced directly to the old time banner of the nations. The oriflame exampl j of France is an and the crescent of the Turk i i Seeing then, that every j from the earliest time 'as a rallying point In of this class, notlier. nation desired ;, its own banner time of i iilbib: xnd J. e of country in y followed that an colonies of attain their in- and set up housekeeping for one of their firZt thoughts ! a symbol of reverent lo\ time of peace, it’natural j as soon as the Amcrii j Great Britain resolved to dependent ! themselv) and inds oud j was of a suitable banner to lead their | armies to victory. And just now, with I the glorious Fourth of July close upon us, land the thoughts of over seventy mil- | lions of people turning to the Stars and J Stripes—just now is the right time to ■ look backward to the starting point of | that dear flag that is generally acknowl edged to ’be the most beautiful flag among I the nations of the earth. ! There are other national clays that we j celebrate in one way or another, days when our beloved flag is thrown proudly to the breeze, but when the "Glorious I Fourth” comes around, we feel that “this i is the day we celebrate” above all others. That is why tho Star Spangled Banner [and all that it stands for is just then uppermost in the minds of every Ameri can patriot. Silver-tongued orators ; poets have told in voice and song of th ; dear old flag. Thousands and thousc I of brave men have followed its pr folds to victory, and other thousands to their death in its defense. There are i other thousands, too. in these present I days, who love the flag none t lie less be- j cause Lhcy live, literally, live bj r it. 'mesa | are those who earn their living, and a good one. by making United States Hags, big and little. All the year round they [are at work, and still the demand never j fails. Every year the people of the ! United States buy over three million | flags of their great republic. These flags serve for the special occasion for which j they were bought, and then they dis- 1 appear (like the pins) and no one knows (where they go to. There is one curious thing about Americans in this connection, j Their reverence and love for the flag of their country can be surpassed by no other nation, and yet when they are not j flinging it to the breeze, they do often I ; ! put it to all sorts of irreverent uses, or ' what would seem so to people of most other nations. \Ye are utilitarians, and [ carry this quality to such an extent that wo do not like to see even our flag lying idle. If we can find a use to put it t.” it is very apt to be applied to that use, ■"regardless.” It is this that keeps so ! many people busy making new flags all j the time. It is only the largest and most [expensive flags. 0 r the small silk ones [that get treated with the respect due to their national rank, and yet no disrespect ! is meant to the others. GRADUAL GROWTH. | Bat where did it come from, this beau tiful flag of ours? It was not born «u in one day, but was gradually evolved I from others. The “great union flag.” ( which was flung to the breeze at Cam bridge, Mass., on January 2. 1776. by [ Washington's command, originated in a | combination of ideas that grew gradu. j ally out of the cross of St. George, and ; the saltire of St'. Andrew, through the medium of the British Union Jack and the “commercial flag.” ] t had its being more directly, however, from the stand ard of the Philadelphia Eight Horse, of 1774. This was a military organization that has ’Preserved Its formation to this day. and has been fr r many years tne pride of its city, under the name of the i “First City Troop of Cavalry.” Us mem bers are drawn almost entirely from the I oldest and richest families in the city as indeed they must needs he. since Vaon man furnishes his own equipments and I uniforms, and steed, and these are all of the finest and best that money can p ro - 'firlt' ^ T. a , S a select company from the fust, and this may have been one r e-is, >n why its flag attracted particular alien ; tion. 11 The ’’Star Spangled Banner” nf today grew out of the “Great Union Flag,” md ' the replacing of 'the or “Union” by the of thirteen white stars The majority ,.f ollr , ■ - their beloved fl a .» -,s only about one hundred and t wentv-emiU volt's old. the age of our nation. But^jts P" ul Afnr/'-r? ton. Sf riculture in the Cleveland was born at Detroit in 18 age of 16 he became a clei lington office, and at 21 ■ assistant general freight system. In 1886 he was passenger agent. Tfe res to engage in the coal and ■being for a time vice pr Colorado Fuel and Iron Co 1885 he returned to railroading, ing his present office with the road. Mr. Morton is an onte conversationalist, and is said Senator Depew as an afto 57 dent field. Mass., and Georgetown Starting in life as a legal v porter, he speedily made a himself for accuracy and ness, and became the pri nographer of many legal fir for f< ur wa th. this came out . i British “quarter American "union’ j in a blue field, [people look upon “fern ’’nr nation. But its raisers crack ar ; age dates much farther back s 0 lar ‘r i toughest military nut it ha leas . as its genesis goes. 'y u an ’ (dd ! «P"n to crack since the war Iiingrlish nrmt 1(1 ;i n fl cat, . - English print, of the date of flag of the East India company H shown' and m its thirteen red and white p "’ mue stripes, it is identical with “nm G.ory.” But it did not hav ° ld held, bearing, instead the preparatory schools at New York, in 1389 entered the public serv. private secretary i 0 federal ofli • : ■ • the eastern metropolis. Reeomn ■ : as an export and as a man to he ti ;. President Cleveland appointed Mr telyou to he his stenographer in he was speedily promoted executive clerk. He was made secretary to President McKinley in i and became his secretary May l i This office he held until" Fe’.ru.i:- year, when, upon the organizat; n f department of commerce and 1 ib ir P d.nt Roosevelt appointed him it- secretary. Upon being chosen nat irman Mr. Cortelyou at once res e hip. to take effect upon of his successor. IDLE, according he latest rep’ Sir Donald Curri recovering from recent severe illr ais advanced age —makes it unit that this friend Gladstone and ’ nyson and g English captain industry will much longer. Donald’s most sir Donnia Currie cent portra panics this sketch of him. His hair whiskers have long been snow white parting to his thoughtful, earnest fa. marked aspect of .benevolence accords well with his character shown the other day by UIs munifi. donation of S500.000 to the London \ ersity. bir Donald has a town re.sidi at 4 Hyde Park place, and among hi® treasures there are more Turners t ['"'. found in any other private 1 El'TENANT 6 E R A L V TROTHA, comm er of the Sixte infantry divisio the German a recently sailed German south rica to take ch of the cam; against the kai rebellious subje the Hereros. I warlike natives, 000 strong, have k army with > been c with Fr; months of blundering rank the gmperor fficer from tho ge. ction. Ge. den. Voi vided th.' Troth kaiser’s era / and after six leaders of l.v dded to send t-> the Ul \ on . rotha, who enjoys a fine r. • in as an organizer and tactirh men n and ^ , 1Um repnfr ’'veme n ts of mtiv» h0rses ’ anJ fi p will assun j Ute tn colonial