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\ ■t—iivi &/>e SUNNY iSOUTH Published Weekly by Sunny South Pubti/hing Co Bualne/k Office THE CONSTITUTION BUILDING ATLANTA, GEORGIA Subscription Terms r To thoao who aubtorlbo to GAo Sunny South only Six Months, 25c ^ Ons Year, 50c LESS THAN A PENNY A WEBS (w»m •( Uia rwMIBc* jilaujii| |)^|iiM«OHd-olu) Mall mum J0 Tho Jaany fmiM to M« midmat woohty pmpor mf Lltoraturo, Roma mom, t?adk and Station in tho Sooth ST St la mmam rm* Jimrmd tm thm original ahapo and will to pobllahod ma far* marly ovary taaak Sotandod in 1874 It grata until 7899, whan, ma m monthly, ita form wma ohangad aa on axparU tnmnt <0 tt nmm roturna to Ita original formation am a waakty with ronotaod algor and thm intontlon of oclipaa ing Ita moat promlaing period In tho paat. When Ho Women Get Old? RELIGIOUS institution in Philadel phia has been the means of reviving 1 a moth-eaten controversy, and light ening up the blistering “silly sea son” in truly refreshing style. The management is reported to have drawn the dead-line of youth at 35 years of age. When a woman has reached that milestone, she is con sidered as no longer “young,” and will be requested to “skidoo,” “bun- kidoodle,” “beat it,” “vamoose, “light a rag,” “shake a bush,” and various other choice selections from the Great American Vocabulary of Slang which—being compressed into understand able English—means to seek other headquarters. It is a tremendous responsibility that these parties are placing on themselves. It is singularly fortu nate that they are women,, since it is certain that no crawling worm of masculinity could be bribed, forced, cajoled or hypnotized into the role of arbi ter in this most maddening issue. We can easily imagine some of our trousered friends holding up a weather-beaten set of skirts at the end of a gat- ling gun, inspecting her teeth, examining her wrinkles under a high-power microscope, getting down to the real cuticle beneath a coating of art fully applied cosmetics, putting those questions which embarrass when they do not enrage the lady of “uncertain” age—and employing divers other tests to determine whether or not she had reached the limit when she should be shot forth from the doors of her cosy home. But just WHEN does a woman become OLD, in the sense we usually use that term? It is an ap palling question to ask and to ansyer. There is the proverb which declares a woman as old as she looks and a man as old as he feels. Within our own observation, it is a first-claSs, self-acting, putty faced. atrocious pnevaricatiou, founded only on the eternal conceit of man and the eternal martyrdom of SOME women. There is evidence in the experi ence of all people to refute such philosophy. But there is nothing to be gained by disputing a cyni cism which has become imbedded in public usage. A woman becomes old, it seem to us, when she allows herself to drift in that direction. She be comes old when she neglects her health, slaves away her vitality on housework with no. out-door recreation, forms the pernicious habit of going to excess in the drinking of coffee and tea, overeats (and although the suggestion is not poetic, that is the weakness of a great many women), and permits her mind to grow so absorbed in the worries of other people as to well night make them her own. She becomes old when she, by indolence, indif ference or through choice, refuses to admit outside interests into her life, living constantly in a petty ir ritating, fruitless round such as would sap the virility from any individual. She becomes old when, having reached mature years, she attempts to appear kittenish, aping the airs of girls in their teens, indulging in^frivolities admirable only on the threshold of young womanhood. She becomes old when she admits to her heart the emotions of jeal ousy, envy, anger, and malice. She becomes old when she gives herself over to scheming, to decep tion, to the harboring of plots in which self-inter est plays the predominating role. All of these influences, the psychic as well as the physical, act as the busy little chisels of Old Father Time, striking wrinkles into the faces of women, and chipping away the youthful blitheness from their hearts. . They make of the women, of twenty-five, a creature who appears forty. The qualities of self-control, of endurance, of observing the rules of hygiene and commonsense may keep their corroding teeth at bay, and cause the women of forty to appear twenty-five or even younger. Some women grow prematuerly old by a life of self-sacrifice, of absolute relinquishment of their own ease and pleasure and privileges and opportu nities that those they love may profit in mind, body and spirit. With these women gray hairs are a crown of glory, more beautiful and carrying a larger meaning than the laurel of the ancient con querors. At the last, it is a cruel subject—this. Woman is the one thing in creation we do not like to con sider as the victim of the cynical sacrilegious touch of time. The Folly of “Moods 99 T EMPERAMENT has a great deal to do with success. It is the quality which mot only governs many of our inner thoughts and motives, but through which we express ourselves to the exterior world. An equable temperament is to be desired above luck or great riches, since it not only assures us that plans carefully laid in the past will not be upset through any self-caprice or indifference when the time comes for their fulfillment, but that we will be kept in an even, stable relation to men and women with whom we are every day brought in contact. On the other hand, if we are moody one day, optimistic the next; energetic dur ing one hour and sluggish a few hence; courteous and cheerful toward one man, snappish and over bearing toward another—we may expect to give ourselves quite an amount of unnecessary trouble and inflict many wounds where we should have extended a helping hand. Very few of us there are who do not know one or more members from this type. One day a friend will meet us with a broad smile and cheerful slap on the back; when we encounter this same party again often his face is pulled into a scowl which resembles a stormy day in midwinter, his manners are abrupt and repulsive, and his sen tences, if any, snappish and expressive of a desire to be left entirely to himself. We also know the man who is cordial and condescending one day, and the next so haughty and top-loftical that we are hardly sure of his identity. His twin brother is the friend who tells you one day what a really clever fellow you are .and the next time he meets you is just as liable to label you in a manner more ] picturesque than gratifying. We are too often wont to excuse these little eccentricities on the plea that the offender may have “gotten out on the wrong side of bed” that morning, or that his unpleasantness is the result of a trifling physical derangement, perhaps of a temporary nature. It is a question, however, whether we are not doing the man himself an in justice in thus excusing what hardly amounts to more than a foible at first sight. Granted that the first proposition is correct, and that the disagree able attitude of our friend is only the result of some misplacing of the system’s intricate nervous arrangement, we are pampering a deplorable lack of self-controll, and encouraging others to whine and vent their spleen on the nearest convenient ob ject. Whether this will conduce to our own or others’ happiness is a matter for grave doubt. We have always been of the opinion that the “sometimey” man either held an exaggerated esti mate of his own importance to the general scheme, or lacked the ability to combat small obstacles. If you have a tinge of this complaint, you may satisfy yourself that it does mot render you. very popular with your friends, and if an applicant for the world’s favors, that you are imposing a serious handicap upon yourself. Boston Bold. “Polly want -a cracker?*’ The bird cocked his head meditatively. “If you refer to one of those villain ous detonations -wrapped in red paper ar.d associated .inevitably with a .wanton youth,” toe replied. “I am forced to an swer your courteous inquiry with a de cided negative.”—Philadelphia. Ledger. The Retort Chuaxshly. “Judging from Miss Thumper! on'a treatment of the organ.” sarcastically remarked the choirmaster, who objected to the new organist engaged by the reo- 6or, "you prefer to buy your music by ■the pound.” "Well,” replied the rector, quietly, "it isn’t always supplied by the choir.”— The Catholic Standard and Times. Essential Knowledge. "What is the most important thing about handling a sailboat?” The old salt looked the novice over thoughtfully and then replied, "Know- Ins how to swim.”—Washington Star. The Shirtt of Nlessus. “Try the H Improved shirt and you'll stick to it.” This is bad news for the hot weather. —.Comic Paper. A Dumas Story. In connection with 'the recent com memoration of Alexander Dumas his’ birth, one of his admirers 'has Just pub lished a selection of witty remarks which the author of “Da Dame aux Camellas” is said to have made. One of his jokes, which has the advantage of being true, is not among the collection. It is worth relating. One day Dumas was enter tained 'by a pompous parvenu, who took 'him over his country house. In the center of ttoe .park was a tiny pond, which the owner proudly called “the lake.” “Last month a man called on me,” the host remarked in an important voice, “and was drowned In that lake.” “That man was a flatterer,” replied Du mas.—Bystander. Diamond Cut Diamond. Question for debating societies: When life insurance agent tackles a 'book canvasser, will the canvasser get his life insured, or will he sell a book?—Somer ville Journal. Pood. “But food value. Has your compound a food value?” “'Certainly. Don't I tell you it can be cooked in less than one minute and eaten in less than another?'.Exchange. August A day of torpor in the sullen heat Of summer’s passion; in the sluggish stream The panting cattle lave their lazy feet, With drowsy eyes, and dream. Upon, the gleaming harvest field remote The thresher lies deserted, like some old Dismantled galleon that hangs afloat Upon a sea of gold. The yearning cry of some bewildered bird Above an empty nest, and truant boys Along the river's shady margin heard— A harmony of noise— A melody of wrangling voices blent With liquid laughter, and with rippling calls Of piping lips a/ml trifling echoes sent To mimjc waterfalls. The dusty highways, like a cloud of dawn, Trails o’er the hillside, and the passerby, A tired ghost in misty shroud, toils on His journey to the sky. And down across the valley’s drooping sweep, Withdrawn to farthest limit of the glade, The forest stands in silence, drinking deep Its purple wine of shade. The gossamer floats up on phantom wing; The sailor vision voyages the skies And carries into chaos everything That freights the weary eyes. Till, throbbing on and on, the pulse of heat Increases—reaches—passes fever’s height. And Day sinks into slumber, cool and sweet, Within the arms of Night. —JAMES WHITCOMB RILEY. Leaves from an Oldt »Scrap BooK Chari varia. In consequence of medical strictures a new form of stocking suspender for children is about to be placed on the market. After being fastened to the stocking, it passes twice round the waist, onco over the shoulders, once round each arm, _ twice around the neck, and once over the head, and the strain is thus fairly distributed. We fancy that after what has hap pened to a Mr. Kraus, of Budapest, thefts of crocodiles will become less com mon. Mr. Kraus broke into a circus at night time to steal a crocodile, but when, in consequence of Mr. Kraus’ squeals, assistance came, it was found that the crocodile was stealing Mr. Kraus. Motorists are still expressing their In dignation at a recent disgraceful inci dent when one of their number, because lie could not pay a fine at once, was taken to prison and forced to don ugly convict garb in the place of his becom ing goggles and motor coat. Few of us achieve our ambitions. Dur ing his recent visit to Kiel, the kaiser several times conducted the special or chestra on board the Hamburg. At one time, it will be remembered, he con ceived the idea of directing the concert of Europe.—'London Punch. The Flight, Capture and Imprison ment of Jefferson Davis IN THREE PARTS—PART I, By HELEN HARCOURT. Written for The SUNNY SOUTH. By A GEORGIA COLONEL. T WAS thought at one time that the confederacy would receive substantial help from the Choctaw In dians, a lazy, worthless tribe that infests the Mis sissippi valley on IPearl river. I find the following about the Choctaws in the old war scrapbook: “A gentleman from northern Texas, says Tho Mobile Register, has Just left with us the annexed resolutions re cently adopted by the Choctaw council. We publish it with much pleasure, as no people have shown more devotion to the southern cause than the Choctaws. “It seems, from his statement, that ru mors were afloat to the effect that some few of that 'people were talking about the propriety of the nation assuming the •position of neutrality in the present war. The commissioner of Indian affairs. Colo nel 8. 8. Scott, hearing the report, pro ceeded at once to the Armstrong acade my, the capital of the country, where the council was at the time in session, and made them a speech. If any dis satisfaction really existed In the nation. It was entirely removed by his state ments to them. In regard to the matter of neutrality, the resolution in question, which had been passed (previous - to the arrival of the commissioner, shows that even allusions to suoh a subject by one *f the nation are denounced by the coun- *— «.s tra-tarmiB. 'Be it resolved by the genera! council of the Choctaw nation assembled, That any person speaking sentiments of a character tending in anywise to desiroy tr,^ eiSifidence of th« Choctaw people Is foe ability of the confederate states to sustain themselves In the present strug gle, and advising the people of this na tion to take any steps tending in any manner to induce the (people to occupy a position of neutrality ,or withdraw their united support from the confeder ate states shall be deemed and considered an enemy to his country and Interest, and deserving tho death of a traitor,’ eta.” TOMB OF JOSEPH DAVIS. Thare was much affection felt for the young eon of President Jefferson Davie, who was accidentally killed. I find the following in the scrapbook about erect ing a monument to the boy's memory: A handsome monument has been erect ed over the grave of Joseph Davis, the son of President Davis, accidentally kill ed during the war by falling from the porch of his father's residence. The monument Is chasto and elegant In de sign, and was elaborately decked on yes terday with rare and beautiful ilowers and evergreens. It bears the following inscription: JOSEPH, Son of our beloved President, JEFFERSON DAVIS, Erected by the little boys and girls of the SOUTHERN CAPITAL. The feeling that prompted this tribute of affectionate regard will be appreciated by every generous mind. He who would with tender care have guarded zealously the spot where lie the remains of his darling child. Is a primmer, suffering the penalty of the action of his people. To every magnanimous man, fhe solitary prisoner, pacing with weary steps the narrow casemate in Fortress Monroe, or feebly walking across the enclosure of Ills prison, will be a greater object of sympathy and reverence than when three millions of men were guided and directed by his loftey will. To him. In ht s dreary incarceration, it will be a consolation be yond all price to know that he is loved and remembered by those whom he still represents, and It will bring a thrill of pleasure to his aciiing heart, and to that of the noble partner or his Joys and sor rows, to know that the people of Vir ginia have taken under their protection the last resting place of their son, whose voice is now pleading before the throne of God for that mercy to his earthly fa ther which vindictive, fanatical men are not willing to bestow.—Richmond Dis patch. CAPTURE OF MOBILE. The following telegram appeared in several of the war paper*: “New Orleans, April 10, via Cairo, April 16. 1865. “The Times publishes an official dis patch of the capture of Spanish fort, and of the town of Blakely. ‘The former was captured at 10:30 on the morning of the 0th, with 700 pris oners. “The latter wm captured on the same day by assault, with over 5,000 prisoners and a large amount of ordnance stores. “Our gunboats and troops were pro ceeding unresisted toward Mobile, which place was captured last evening by a portion of General Smith’s command, as sisted by the light draught gunboats, after a short resistance by the enemy. NEW ORLEANS MARKETS. “The cotton market Is very unsettled under the recent news. There is some inquiry at a heavy reduction in prices. Middling Is selling at 30c. Sugar and holasses, retail sales cannot toe made at greatly reduced prices. Flour, sales of fair extra at SI0.25. Freights to New York—mail steamers are taking cotton at 2@2%c. per pound, sailing vessels to New York and Boston are taking flour at 50c. per barrel.” GALLANT COLONEL CAPERS. The following) appeared in the Rich mond Enquirer in 1864: “The following note was brought to the Stuart hospital by a lady from the bed side of the author. It contains so much manly sentiment and true sympathy that we presume upon the liberty of publish ing it for the benefit of the wounded of the gallant 'colonel's command who may be located elsewhere. The effect of such evidence of regard from commanding of ficers can toe better imagined than de scribed: ‘My Brave Men: I am grieved to learn that so many of you are among tlM wounded. It speaks well for gallantry. Keep your manly courage, and you'll soon again rejoin your comrades around our glorious old battle flag. My wounds are not dangerous. Thank God, I shall yet lead my gallant men against the enemy of our common country. With such ministering angels as the ladles of Richmond to minister ! to your wants, you must discover lhat the wound of a musket ball but intensi fies the ardor of your patriotism. “ ‘Your affectionately attached colonel, “ ‘H. D. CAPERS.’ ” A HERO AND PATRIOT. The following was published In The Chattanooga Rebel under the headline "Example of a Hero and Patriot:” ‘ General Lee has set a truly patriot'c example to those officers who avail themselves of hardships in the army to Continued on fourth Page. Traits of Well-Known Authors. (A la the literary magazines.) Edith Wharton always likes to see her novels, when published serially, appear in consecutive numbers. There is noth ing distresses Mrs. Wharton so much as to have an installment crowded out by advertising. Jack London usually cashes or depos its all checks lie receives from Ills pub lishers. Mr. London has no sympathy with the custom of framing checks for the adornment of cozy corners. \ peculiarity oif William Dean Howells is that he persistently avoids the use of more than one climax to a chapter. Mr. Howell rigidly adheres to this rule even when writing essays. When Hall Caine is engaged in writ ing a novel he always works either In the morning, afternoon or at night. Mr. Caine says lie can do his best work only at these times. Mr. Booth Tarkington is sojourning In Italy at present. We understand that Mr. Tarkington's next novel will be a piece of fiction. An odd but interesting fad of Kath erine Cecil Thurston’s is her fancy for seeing her latest novels among the six best sellers.—Puck. Room for On© More. A visiting bishop in Washington was arguing with a gentleman friend of his on the desirability of attendng church. At last he iput the queston squarely: “What Is your personal reason foT not attending?” The gentleman smiled in a non-of- 'fenslve intended way. as he replied: "The fact is one finds so many hypo crites there.” Returning the smile, the bishop said: "Don’t let that keep you away; there is always room for one more." Ex change. As She Is Spoke in Halma. T. Spilde Is a doing some fine work on his houee this week; he will have the best looking house in town when he gits finished, We hear that the Halma nine is a going down to play the Deer nine: Now boys you must do better than you did at Bronson the other day: Just give them a good hot game and beet them In good shape for once. Olllver Folland is kept busy these days a sitting up cream eepraters. If you would like to have one of the best cream Seprators that money can buy. Then you will do well to call on Oliver Foliand, Halma, iMJnn. The People here come out In large crouds to attend church for we have a Preacher that comes a mong us with a smiling face and kind words to all who he speaks to and he also preaches good surmens for us.—Halma (Minn.) Pilot. Tco _ Mild. Stella—Isn’t that Mr. Bachelor kind and gentle? Bella—That’s Just the trouble: he otando without hitching.—Brooklyn Life. EW men have been more noted, and more critielzei and misjudged than was Jefferson Davis, from the moment that he became president of the confeder ate states. Many years has it taken to erase from the minds of our now forever united country, the tense feelings of the so-called “sectional’’ intolerance, and personal hatred that were aroused during that terrible period of onr nation's history embraced in the stirring events of the years from I860 to 1865. But, thank God, those turbulent times that tried men’s souls, are done with long ago. “Let the dead past bury Its dead,” and let the living present view with honest, dispassionato eyes, the deeds and beliefs of the many heroes who fought for their ■principles on botli sides of that most inappropriately named “civil war,” for in truth, it was a very (uncivil war in deed. First and foremost among the promi nent men of the south at that time, as to the rank conferred upon him by his fellow citizens, stood Jefferson Davis, the first and the last president of the Confederate States of America. But revered as his memory still is to day by tlie thousands of survivors who per sonally love him, there are other thou sands of tiie later generation who are “groping in the darkness” as to the true inwardness of the events that closed the public career of the president of the “lost cause.” From some of these among our subscribers comes the request that we take a backward glance at the stirring incidents that attended the fall of the confederate government, and the flight, capture and imprisonment of Us chief executive. LEAVING RICHMOND. First of all, let us note the events that led to the necessity of abandoning Rich mond. the. capital of the confederacy. When General Grant began hts campaign of 1864, it was with the set ,purpose of capturing Richmond. Keeping this ob ject ever in view, he crossed the Rapidan with a large army, fighting battle after battle between that river and the James. Finally he attacked Petersburg, toeseig- ing it, and presently captured it. The totvn was not so Important in itself .but rather as being on the line of communi cation with the other southern cities, and because it offered another approach to the quarry, Richmond. It had not been an easy task, this advance and final selge of Petersburg. Every foot of the way had been hardly disputed. Months had been occupied before the end of the struggle came in sight. But at last General Robert E. Lee, shut up in Petersburg, was compelled to abandon hope of further successful resistance. The evacuation of Petersburg was in evitable, and so he informed President Davis, in a conferenee held in the early part of March. It Is only a question of short time," he said. This meant of necessity, that Richmond also must fall into the hands of the federais. The loss of the capital would be the more severe, as the workshops and foundry located there, had been the chief reliance of the confederate states for the making and repair of ammunition and arms in all lines of the service. The only silver lining to this cloud lay in the fact that the Richmond foundry and workshops were not quite as important as they had been, since some smaller establishments of the same kind had been erected at Selma ,Ala., Augusta, Ga., and Fayette ville, N. C. A large armory had also toeen established at Macon. Ga. In this conference between General Lee and President Davis, it was acknowledged that Richmond must toe very soon aban doned. It was arranged bhat the army was to retire to Danville .and there Join the troops under General J. E. John ston. Then the combined forces were to march /to meet Sherman In North Carolina, In the hope of defeating hlm before reinforcements could be sent to his relief. From this statement it will toe seen that even now. In the face of i.'he dark cloud closing down on the con federacy, hope of ultimate success was by no means abandoned. But “the best laid scheme o’ mice and lyen oft gang aglee,” and this Is just Johnston to give, battle to Sherman in North Carolina, he never even reached his starting point, Danville. A series of unexpected reverses on the one side, of successes on the other, of 'the con tended armies ended in the surrender of Lee at Arpomafox court house. Be fore this momentous event occurred, how ever, the main line of the defenses at Petersburg being broken, and the confede rates .driven back to tlieir last entrench ments in the city itseif. General Lee sent a telegram to the president at Richmond, advising the evacuation of the latter city simultaneously with that of Petersburg. The latter was to take place that night, longer delay being impossible if the army was to escape capture. All that couid •be done under the circumstances was to hold the inner lines during the day, while hasty preparations were making to re tiro after nightfall. Lee’s telegram reached Richmond on the morning of Sunday, April 2. Presi dent Davis was at service in St. Paul's church when the message was handed to him. He rea'd it, waited a few too roents, so as not to excite 'the congrega tion toy the appearance of urgent haste, and then quietly rose and leflt t'lie build ing. lie hastened to his office,, and ifnence sent out in all directions the needful orders for the evacuation of tho city that night. The most difficult point to meet ■was that of t’he transportation of the troops guarding the defenses east of the city, and along the line of the James river. THE CAUSE. All was hurry and confusion. Tihe evac uation, although, as we have noted, for- seen, had become necessary much sooner than either Lee or the president bad anticipated. General Lee had never for a moment harbored the thought of a surrender of his army. He believed that no conditions could arise which he could neither retreat nor fight. If forced to re treat to the Virginia mountains, it was his avowed belief that he could there “carry on t'he war for twenty years, if need he.” Neither had he contemplated the sad ending of his military career under the confederacy, when lie sent the telegram giving notice of the impending evacuation of Petersburg. Yet, within a few days thereafter ,the blow had fallen. Falling of the intended junction with Gordon's army, which was intercepted by the enemy, and himself surrounded by a force of eighty thousand men, there was nothing left for the great general tout to surrender. Retreat was impossi Me, resistance meant only the destruc tion of thousands of lives entrusted to his care. And so The offered terms of sur render were accepted, since they were 'generous terms, suoh as an honorable sol dier could accept without shame. Quietly and calmly as the president had left the dhurch on receipt of Lee’s tele gram, his action had been noticed, and several of the leading men of the city soon followed him to his office. It was well that they did so, for he needed their 'help. Being Sunday, the offices of the departments were closed, and their heads and clerical force had to be hunted up ■from all over the city. Their offices were thrown open for business and that too, t/he most hurriedly important that 'had ever been transacted. Some prepara tions had been made, it is true, for the coming evacuation, but the necessity had not toeen anticipated so soon, and much remained to be done. Mr. Davis and his staff wore occupied until late in ttoe after noon in arranging and packing the most important executive papers. The othej beads of the government were equally Z5f>e Busy World and DUKE NICH OLAS NICOLAIE- YITCH, uncle of the reigning Russian em- j eror, who was fired at by soldiers recent ly at Krasnoye Solo, Is the real head ef the Romanoff famiry rid by his firmness cf character has made himself even r jo re hated by the revolutionists than ’» Duke Nicholas the czar himself. Outside of General Tre.ooff he is prob ably tho w»>rst hated man In Russia by l‘ho liberal elements. The czar and him self are represented as having diai<- g.-od, within the last few days. ov<? methods for suppressing the incipient revolution. ' ‘ 'll AID STRAUSS, who is provoking wonder, anger and s' :-prise by the mau- i, . r in which he is training bis orches tra at Prague for the jroduction of his f.jora, “Salome." hag 2 mg been eminent a3 p composer. The >:>ora is based on Uscar Wilde's orien tal drama, and the Richard Strauss theme by Strauss is bp-14 to have caused a rupture between him find tho German emperor. Herr g-mura bus bean conductor of the Berlin Royal orchestra for several years. Four years aso h» was sought by the Met ropolitan O. era Company of New York tts the successor of Maurice Grau. but declined for financial reasons. He has been a prolific writer of high-class mu- etc, but a large part of his fame rests llpoh his interpretation of Mozart and Wagner. His wife is Pauline de Ahna, a famous singer. T7.ABETH, queen of Roumania, who is building a city for the blind at Bucha nst, is known to tho Roumanian people ns “ilieir mother, their queen and their poet, the triple-crowned t oman.’’ As a writer •f stories and verses he ha? won world wide fame under the pen-name cf “Car- Queen Elizabeth men Sylva,” and sh ims toiled unceasingly to hotter the con dition of her sex in her adopted count! y. Queen Elizabeth, the daughter oi tea late Prince Herman of Wied, was born in Neuweid in 1843, received a thorough education, and is noted as a linguis After she was married to Prince Chare s, now king of Roumania, in 1869, she speedily won the love of the ; eople. . i.d during the Russo-Turkish war she ten derly nursed the wounded soldiers, but at al! times has been known as an au- gel of mercy to the poor and sick. E decree granting Vaud Gonne Mae- Sride a judicial sep aration from her hus band, Major Mao- Pride, has been con firmed in Paris by the civil tribunal. Jlrs. MacBride was awarded custody of her child, but not an absolute divorce, on ground of her Irish nationality. She has been known for the Joan of Arc," bo- Maud Goune several years as cause of her advocacy of the nationalist cause. She Is of English birth, her father having been the late Colonel Gonne, and the oppressions of her people that she witnessed while in Ireland caus ed her conversion to extreme radicalism on the home rule question. Her mai- riage to Major MacBride, who was con- V-icuous in the Boer war, took (place In the spring - f 1902, bnt their domesti happiness was short lived. The divorce suit was begun early in 1905, and fiut' ing the trial the accusation was made that Mrs. MacBride is subject to hal lucinations; that she thinks herself the incarnation of an ancient queen, and that MacBride was the spiritual representa tive of an old-time hero otf the Celiio race. SECRiE/TS OF THE AIR. (From The Edinburgh Review.) Among the most fascinating and elusive of scientific studies is that of the movements of our terrestrial atmosphere Ever since men began to go down to the sea in ships the needs of the navi gator must have led him to note for his own future guidance, and for the benefit of other adventurers, the general direc tion of the wind at various seasons in different seas. Gradually as the world widened the prevailing winds of the globe became accurately known and tho common knowledge systematized, so that now for probably every part of tho ocean outside the polar circles there are official and published records of tho winds that may be looked for at any sea son of the year. Then, too, the student of physical geography has noted how large a part the prevailing winds of any region play in determining the climatic ■characteristics of different countries. In recent years, however, science has not been content with studying only what are. after all. movements merely in the lower strata of the great ocean of air on the floor of which we live and move, but has sought to penetrate the mysteries of the upper air and to find out its secrets. Both Rotch and De Bort have devoted considerable private resources and talents of no mean order of meteorological re search, and when, in *.toe summer of 1905, these two scientists united in a joint expe dition for t'he exploration of the upper air currents in the trade wind region of the north Atlantic, the results of their obser vations were aaited with great interest. The trade winds are the most Important of what may be called the “permanent'* winds of 'the globe. Thus Tn the north .Atlantic the northeast trades are in sum mer found in full force about the Canary islands, and serve until within l~Z degrees of the equator. In winter the belt shifts rather further south, but at. all seasons a wind from at least 25 degrees north lati tude for fully 1,0OO miles southward. The busy in their own departments. Mounted j expedition of Rotch and De Bort appears messengers galloped through the streets, j to have differed in its methods from that bearing dispatches to and from .the out- of the prince of Manoca in tfie more . , , ,, ■ Aral lien “halluns qaimIas ” nrhuth vaoji •posts and government bureaus. ■what they did in the present instance. Instead of General Lee's marching wit* The rattle and rumble of heavy sup.- ply wagons, of artillery, of the lighter roll and clatter of hurrying vehicles of all sorts, laden with household goods, and their fleeing owners, filled the streets during the latter hours of the Sunday that had opened so quietly. For long before the day had begun to wane the news had gone forth over the doomed city that it was at once to be evacuated, and that in a few more hours it would be in possession of the federal troops. The weary chief executive, walking heme after his official preparations were com pleted, was assailed with questions as to its truth. His admission of the unhappy fact was tempered by the expressed hope that he and the other members of the Continued on Fourth Page. eral use of “ballons sorvles." which rose 'to great heights, and by their line of drift Indicated the direction of the atmos pheric current at different altitudes. Kites also were used, but in the trade wind region no great height can be reached by their agency. The northwesterly current was found t» be drier and more rapid than the main northeasterly current and there was al ways a quick rise of temperature as soon as the level of the anti-trade was reached. This phenomenon of “temperature Inver sion” is one of the most interesting to be met with in atmospheric exploration. To give a single example: On one occasion, with a temperature of 70 defrees Just above the sea the air, at an elevation of 3,500 feet, was found to haare a tempera ture as high as 86 degrees Fahrenheit. For our knowledge of the upper currents outside the region explored by Rotch and De Bort we are still chiefly Indebted to studies of the direction of movement of the Irrus clouds.