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[COMMUNICATEE.] • Squatter Sovereignty better for the South than B. H. Hill’s position and Doc trines. For the Proof \ —The Kansas Territory lies above thirty-six degrees, under the Missouri Compromise, passed in 1820. It never could be slave Territory. Sc, never! The passage of the Kansas bill made it probable—depending on the will of the people who settled it If squatter sovereignty is in the bill of Kansas, ir would or would not, according to emigration from North or South, affect the slavery question, and make the Territory more probable for slavery or less probable as tbe ma jority preponderated North or South. Opposition to the Kansas bill and refusal to pass it, which act repealed the Missouri Compromise, would have barred and shut out every hope of making Kansas slave Territory. Without the Kansas bill, slavery never could go there—with it and squatter Sov ereignty it would have a chance. Mr. B. 11. Bill has thrown himself in open opposition to the Kan sas bill, and doing all he can to make it odious in the eves of the people. For what purpose? To keep slavery out of Kansas. Is it so ? Who says a»y other object ? If an opposer of the Kansas bill, which would thus forever shut the South out of Kansas Territory, is not worse for the South than the Kansas bill, with all its squatter sover eignty he may want in it, which gives the South a chance, then no proposition is clear. I have thus proved squatter sovereign tv, alien feature, and the devil, with the Kansas bill repeal ing the Missouri Compromise, is better for the South than B. H. Hill’s open opposition to the bill—as the one gives us a chance, and the other nCD -- Arithmetic. — t To the Wmocracy of Georgia. There is occasionally in the history of politics some strange freaks. Witness the hubbub that is made over the opinion of Gov. Walker, of Kansas. Here is a Democrat saying he has violated the Kansas bill, and commutes instruction, and must b** removed—here another, who says he has ex ceeded his instructions, and ought to be rebuked and brought to the mark. Here, others say they see nothing in him violative of the Kansas bill, or Democratic platform worthy of bonds or death— and as the slavery men iu Kansas do not complain of him, they will not. Now, to my mind, this is all for no good—follow out the demands of the'tirst—remove Walker—and what is gained? The appointment of another, who, seeing his (Walker’s) fate, would likely take the other ex treme. Then these removing would have to call another convention and have him removed; and so on to the end of the game, u sco-saw operation. The rebukes would cause a resignation, and proba bly the same thing be brought about as the first, 'i'be last, who see no sin of death or removal, should quietly and peacefully move on, and let the end justify them. What has Walker’s opinion to do with the ques tion before the people of Georgia? The princi ples of the Kansas bill, is the great question—the Democrats for, and the Know Nothings against it. Is the principles of the bill orthodox, as held by Democrats? or hetrodox, as held by the Know Nothings’ Here is the great issue—all others sink beneath this mountain wave, that will sustain and bear on its bosom the constitutional rights of the South in safety to port, if the Democrats are elected; or will bury deeply beneath its waters the constitutional rights of the JSouth, if the Know Nothings succeed. Say not this is declaration. Ask if the repeal of the’ Missouri compromise, in the passage of the Kansas bill, did not, and does not, secure the constitutional rights of the South ? It’s passage, in the language of another, was worth more than slavery to a State, for the South. 41 Equality for the southern States in the Union.’’ Then ask again, who is supporting and defending these equal rights? and the thundering answer is, the anti-Know Nothings and Democrats. Who opposing them, and asserting them to be heresies? The resolutions of I*. 11. Hill, the candidate of the Know Nothings, comes wailing on the ear as the deep death knell of the alarm bell at midnight— who dreamed of the fact, so startling to the w orld, that in the year 1857, a Georgiau could be found who would be aligned side by side—upholding the same banner—teaching the same doctrines— offering similar resolutions—as the three thousand Abolition preachers; who “balaam like for wages,” cursed the Congress of the United States for the Sassage of the Kansas bill—repealing tbe odious lissouri compromise— and yet the Know Nothing candidate for Governor personates the man. Such being itic strong*of hqw marvel ous is it, that way over in Kansas a Gov Or nor hunted as a lion ; when in our midst tbe hyena, that would cat out " equal rights ” under the Con stitnlion, is abroad in open day, and no tocsin is sounded. The hunt is tierce after the Governor in Kansas ; who, as is alleged, has departed from a principle deemed vital—while the would be Gov ernor of Georgia— who would destroy that very principle—is permitted to pass'/ Where is the thunder of old Elbert/ Is kausas lost in the dis tance—! hope not. The indomitable sharp shoot ers of old Troup, though few, are still on ram parts with their banners to the breeze, for the Kansas bill and the Constitution—“ oil, on, ye Brave! to victory or death Shall we still follow the shadow to strike llie blow, and let the substauce pass by untouched V Let us to Lorse and defend our own domicils, and let Kansas take care of herself—until the enemies of our constitutional rights—and second by the election of Judge Brown. Then we can go out on a camp hunt alter the runaways from onr non-in tervention fields ; if before that time they iiave not returned to work in the vineyard of— Equal Kiliits. [COWK t'NICATSD.J Hr. Jiditor: Permit me, through the columns of tbe Omst'dutlunaliet, to make some remarks on a portion of the Hon. !!. If. Hill’s letter of accep tance. In that letter he uses the following lan-' goage: “The Kansas-Nebruska bill had two construc tions during"the canvass—a northern and southern construction. Mr. Buchanan really believed jn the northern construction; indeed, he and Walker originated the doctrine contained in the northern construction. But he was supported in the South under the southern Democratic view of the Kan sas bill, and was elected.” Now, what does Mr. Hill mean, in the foregoing extract, by the “northern and southern construc tion ” of the Kansas-Ne’tiraska bill ? Does he re fer to the question of squatter sovereignly ? 11 he does, he is correct in saying there were two con structions, a northern and a southern, of the bill. Tbe Know Nothings of the South, and, perhaps, some of the northern Democrats, contended that the bill contained that principle, and that Mr. Bu chanan was also in favor of tbe doctrine. And the southern Democracy believed and insisted that the doctrine of squatter sovereignty found no place in the Kansas bill, and also that Mr. Buchanan was opposed to that doctrine. But, is it in rest renee to the principle of squatter sovereignty that Mr. Hill's “northern and southern construction” in tl e above quotation is spoken of? If so, he is certainly in great error, when he says that Buchanan “really believed in the northern construction.” For, in his “inaugural address,” Mr. Buchanan comes out in uninistukable language in opposition to the north ern construction. After having stated that Bu chanan “was supported in the fitouth under the southern Democratic view of the Kansas bill, and elected,” and after having stated that he (Buchan an,i had adopted the plan of eoading the Territorial act of Kansas, “by falling back on the northern construction of the bill,” Mr. Hill goes on to elfarge, indirectly, that the honest men of the South “were misled, under the circumstances of the can vass, to support Mr. Buchanan.” We ask him how, or in reference to what principle, were the “hones! men” of the South misled during the last canvass into the support of Mr. Buchanan? What was the “southern Democratic view” of the Kansas bill, un der which Mr. Hill says Buchanan was supported? Was it not, that neither Mr. Buchanan believed in, nor the Kansas bill contained, squatter sover eignty ? If so, the “honest men” of the South were not “misled,” for this odious doctrine has been repudiated by the President, and it has no practical tr theoretical existence in Kansas. If this is what Mr. Hill means by the “southern Democratic view of the Kansas bill,” the people have not been misled in reference to it, but it is well known that Mr. Hill and his party, in tbe South, did endeavor to mislead the people by teaching that squatter sovereignty was in iheKan sas bill, and that it was approved by Buchanan. The people, however, had too much intelligence .and sound sense to be thua deceived. But what does Mr. Hill mean by “northern construction,” when he says the plan was to evade the act (the , territorial act of Kansas) bv falling back on the northern construction of the Kansas bill’ Is i “northern construction” used by Mr. Hill as synonymous with squatter sovereignty ? If so he 1 must mean that Buchanan and Walker are’en deavoring to carry out that principle in Kansas. : But it is evident to every one who knows the . meaning of the phrase, squatter sovereignty that , it is not being enforced in Kansas. , Thus far we have been considering that Mr. ' Hill > by the phrase, “northern and southern con i strucuon, ’as applied to the Kansas-. Nebraska bill, . had reference to the different opinions entertained during the last Presidential canvass, on the sub ject of squatter sovereignty. Eut if he referred to that doctrine, he certainly fell into some gross er rors. Perhaps, however, he did not have refer s once to that doctrine, but to some other feature of the bill, upon which there was a difference of opin ion between the northern and southern people. If so, what was that other feature? Was it alien suffrage ? There were not two constructions about that part. True, some may have liked that fea ture, whilst others disliked it. But there was on ly one construction of it. What do his two con structions refer to? Judging from one part of his letter, we might be induced to think that his two “constructions” had reference to the ques tion, “ whether the convention which shall meet to form a Constitution for Kansas, should refer it back to the people for ratification or not?” Yet he certainly cannot have intended to be thus understood ; for all intelligent men know that the question of refering the Constitu tion of Kansas, when adopted by the Convention, to the people, for ratification, was not a question mooted or agitated during the last canvass. What, then, once more we ask, does Mr. Hill mean by his “northern and southern construction of the Kan sas bill,” as used in his letter of acceptance? It is our own candid opinion that he did not mean anything, but that he intended it to effect a great deal, if possible. It is a sheer trick to ex cite prejudice against the Democratic party of this State, and to catch votes. In a prenous part of his letter he had charged Mr. Walker, in the se verest terms, with having violated the “ great prin ciple of non-intervention, and had condemned Mr. Buchanan for not repudiating Walker. What, then, the use of all that long paragraph about ■ northern and southern construction ? Does his charge in it against Walker and Buchanan amount to anything more than a violation ot the principle of non-intervention? The gist of the charge in that paragraph is that they “ insist that while the Convention may frame, yet all the • actual residents must vote upon the Constitution before it should be adopted,” Ac. Is this carrying out squatter sovereignty, or is it anything more than, or different from intervention, or improper i interference? We think not. But to charge Walker i and Buchanan with tlie political crime of inter ven , tion’y is not sufficient for Mr. Hill. On that ques tion, during the last canvass, there was no differ ence of opinion in the South. All believed the hansas-Nebiaska bill embodied that principle ; and all—both Know Nothings and Democrats—be lieved that Mr. Buchanan was in favor ol that bill and the principle of Walker and Buchanan have violated that principle, the Democracy of Georgia and the South are not to blame for it. Neither does such treachery enti tle the Know Nothing party to any credit or re ward. They, too, have been deceived as much us the Democracy. They never once told us that Mr. Buchanan would prove unfaithful to the principle of non-intervention. So far, then, as the principle of non-intervention has been violated, (if at all,) the Democracy of this State are not to blame for it, and this Mr. Hill, knew the honest, sensible people of the State would see. Therefore he must bring up some other charge, by which, if possible, und the exercise of all his sophistry, lie might render the Democracy of Georgia particeps crimints with Walker. For this purpose, he introduces his “northern and southern construction,” and en- I denvors to affix to the southern Democracy the guilt of having misled the “honest men” of the South into the support of Mr. Buchanan. That the southern Democrats had a certain “view” of the Kansas bill; that they succeeded in making thepeo ple believe that Buchanan concurred in their “view’ of that bill; but that, instead of their view of that bill and Buchanan’s agreeing, that he “really be lieved in the northern construction.” And hence, that the southern Democracy were either too much prejudiced or too ignorant to understand aright Buchanan’s position of the Kansas bill; or of course, that they knew Buchanan’s opinion was one way, and they “misted” the people by making them be lieve it was just the opposite. This we think was one object Mr. Hill bad in view, by his “north ern and southern construction” paragraph. To i make the people of Georgia believe that the Dem ocratic party of this State induced the people to support Mr. Buchanan, by making them believe that his construction of the Kansas bill was differ ent from what it really was ; and hence, that the Democracy of the State deserve the condemnation for misleading the people, and that Walker and fcfJMP have b*eu consistent all the time. But Mr. iiill is not satiiye'J wim mmugnie ocratic party, for that would itmplr place it on *. level with "his own, which is condemned by the great body of honest American people; he wishes to eulogize. the Know Nothing party, to build it vp “upon the ruins ” of every other party ; and to do this, was another object of his “ northern aud southern construction” paragraph. Ah ! yes, the Democrats, either purposely or through ignorance, “misled” the “honest men” of the South to sup port Buchanan, by teaching that he was in favor of that which he was really opposed to; but we, the Know Nothings, were neither deceived ourselves nor did we mislead or attempt to mislead any one. We are wisp and virtuous—we have the sagacity to see the right and the goodness to follow it; we can see danger far ahead, we snuff it in the breeze, and we warned the people of it; therefore, do not trust the Democrats, they are either too ignorant to see the truth, or too dishonest to tell it. But we, the Know Nothing party, know everything; we are capable, honest and faithful; rely upon us, or rather, vote for B. 11. Hill, and elect him Gov ernor. *Such seems to be the purport and aim of Mr. Hill, in that portion of his letter to which we ! have so often referred. We have before shown that tbe “ honest men ” l of the South were not “ mislead ” into the support >of Mr. Buchanan—that they were not deceived as I to the construction of the Kansas bill, nor as to ! Mr. Buchanan’s views of it; but that the Know i Nothings were in error in both respects, and that i they endeavored to mislead the people into the . | same error. Folk. [ COMMUNICATED.] Ellerton, Ga., Aug. 10, 1857. Mr. Editor: I learn from several friends that tbe classification of Judge Wright, of Floyd, as a Southern Rights man in 1850, in my letter of the ’ 20th July, was incorrect. I did not intend to do him injustice, and I know he will readily acquit me of any such purpose. There was no material 5 difference in principle between Judge Wright and myself in relation to Walker’s conduct in Kansas. ' His substitute declared that the Inaugural Address * of Gov. Walker was “ a direct and palpable viola- L tion of the covenant of the Kansas and Nebraska act and of the Cincinnati Platform,” and further, ' “if it did not involve his removal, calls for the unqualified disapprobation of the President.” I ; preferred to express further, that fidelity to bis \ principles demanded of Mr. Buchanan liis removal > from office. This 44 direct and palpable violation” has continued ; there* h-is been no disapprobation 1 of the President made known, either qualified or unqualified, and Gov. Walker has not been re -5 moved. In view of these facts, Judge Wright and those who voted for his substitute stand, I presume, where they ought to stand— 44 in direct and palpa ble” hostility to the Administration, in its efforts : to turn the Georgia Democracy into a Freesoil par ty, by making them approve or excuse Walkei’s , treachery m Kansas. Claiming them, then, as al lies in the great work of contending against this infamous scheme, I could intend them no injustice. ’ On the contrary, I rejoice that the Democracy of the Fifth District selected a standard-bearer who had the honesty and boldness to tell the 44 Presi dent of our choice” that the conduct of bis ap . pointee was a “ direct and palpable violation” of the law of tbe land, and that the case called for his, the President’s, unqualified disapprobation or W alker s removal from office. If these bold decla rations of their candidate are any index to the feelings and views of those who nominated him, Mr. Buchanan will get but little aid and comfort from the Cherokee Democracy in his vile efforts to abolitionize the South. 1 It seems, also, I was wrong in attribnting the ar ticle signed “ Equal Rights,’ y in your paper to a member of the Convention from the county of Clark. This mistake occurs in the article signed 1 44 Troop,” which was written by me and published ; in your daily of the 6th inst. In this also I cheer fully stand corrected. With these two exceptions, no point of fact or conclusion in either of my letters has been success -1 fully controverted. Respectfully; Thomas W. Thomas. (COMMUNICATED.) • Mr. Editor: Our worthy standard bearer for the Second Congressional district, Hon. Martin J. Crawford, opened the campaign in behalf of the national Democracy, at this place, with an address to the citizens of this part of the county of Pulas ki, in which he effectually vindicated the princi ples of our party. The Democracy were satisfied upon the conclusion of his speech, (which was of some two hours duration,) that a more able and eloquent exponent of our principles could not have been selected. He has served us faithfully m the last Congress, and the people of this Districi in tend to show their gratitude for his past services by rc-electiug him with an increased majority. You may be assured that Pulaski county will give Drown and Crawford a majority equal to that she gave for Johnson and Crawford in 1855, and will probably increase it. To-day, Mr. Crawford will address the people in the eastern portion of the county, at Gum Swamp, and then proceed to fulfil his other appointments throughout the District. Yours, truly, 8. Hawkmaville, Aug. 12,1857. [communicated.] Democratic Meeting m Putnam* The Democratic party of Putnam county are requested to meet at the Court House, in Eatonton, on the first Tuesday of September next, as busi ness of importance will be brought before the par ty for their action. It is further expected that each district will be represented, and that each Militia district send at least five delegates. Dem ocrats don’t forget the day. Many Democrats. Eatonton, August 11, 1857. [communicated. J Mr. Editor: The course pursued by those Demo crats who are endeavoring to defend, not only the President in his appointment of Walker as Gov ernor of Kansas, but the inaugural of Gov. Walker, also,is strange,inconsistent and amusing. The*Sbu£A ern Banner being llie most rampant and reckless defendants of Walker and the Administration in Georgia, we will make it our example to prove everything charged, to be true. Ever since the meeting of our State Convention, the Banner has been “whipping the devil round the stump,” and trying to produce the impression, that it stands upon the third resolution of that Convention; but the editors of that paper have succeeded in deceiv ing no one, not even themselves, as to their position. From its issue of July 23d, we make the following extract, and leave the candid reader*to locate for himself, the whereabouts of the Banner upon the important issues now before the country: “We have thought these opinions of Walker’s were ob jectionable from the first, but did not think them sufficient to demand hie recall.” Now, the third res olution distinctly states, that “ this Convention has full confidence that Mr. Buchanan will mani fest his fidelity to the principles which earned him into office, by recalling Gov. Walker.’* Will any, can, any sane man read the above extract from the Banner , aud the third resolution, and then say it endorses the action of our recent State Conven tion ? Can it be said, that the Banner is defending the interests and the rights of the South, instead of patting that vile traitor, Walker, on the back, and saying—“ Go it Governor, Mr. Buchanan ap poihted you, and if you do make Kansas a fret* State—if you no rob us of the South of every ves tige of our rights in Kansas, we will, neverthe less, defend you in your Abolitiou mission, rather than wound the feelings of Mr. Buchanan and When southern men, men who have been born and raised in the South, will thus endeavor to de fend those men who are working for the annihila tion of our institutions, it is time for every true Southerner to ask himself the question, “Whither are we drifting f” All candid men admit that Gov. Walker has vio lated the principles of non-intervention, as estab lished by the Kansas bill; and this bill being a law of the Union, he has, of course, violated the laws which it behooved him, as Governor of that Territory, to abide by and to execute. This being true, the removal of Walker turns upon this ques tion: Ought public officers to be sustained in the violation of the laws of their country ? We say not. President Buchanan in failing to remove Genernor Walker from the Governorship of that Territory, has rendered himself equally as reprehensible as Walker himself. Mr. Buchanan we pronounce as unworthy of the confidence which the people of the South reposed in him, in elevating him to his present responsible position, and the only way in wo cad m«n\fs*t our dUMipruOaUuD of hit ' treacherous ness, is to cut loose from TTTr tratiwn and deliver it into the hands of its Repub lican friends. This course has been object ed to upon the ground that by so doing, we will destroy our national organization, and thereby aid in the election of a Black Republican to the Presidency in 1860. This is the same as saying, that if the southern Democracy does not aid in abolitionizing Kansas, the northern Demo cracy will unite with the Republicans, and defeat the next Democratic candidate for the Presidency. Now, those men who entertain such an opinion as this of the northern portion of our party, certainly do not think it a very sound one. So far from be lieving this to be true, it is iny candid opinion that the Democratic party North, docs not endorse the violation, by the President and his official, the principles of the Kansas bill—principles which they ratified by voting for Buchanan, as he pledged himself to them in his letter of acceptance. But even admitting that the cutting loose of the south ern Democracy from the administration would drive the northern wing of the party into the Re publican ranks, we are nevertheless bound by a decent self-respect to denounce the men and mea sures which have dealt such a fatal blow to the cause of the South in Kansas. What—yes, iu the r.ame of all that is reasonable what, I say, arc we to gain by a union with northern Democrats, if we are bound to sustain measures so detrimental to our own interests, in order to prevent the bursting up of such uuion ? I am proud of the National Democratic party —I rejoice at its prosperity and its victories. But, Mr. Editor, lam prouder still of the South, and to advance her interests, I am willing, if it be necessary, to burst asunder the fetters of party ties, and‘rally under the banner which has inscribed upon its folds —“ The South before Party” But, as I have said, the disconnect ’ iug of ourselves from the President and the ad : ministration, will not injure the party. No trie 1 Democrat will abandon principles w hich he be . lieves correct, simply because the party has aban doned an official in whom we have been deceived. , A portion of our party say that we are too hasty in condemning the President—that we ought to give him time. How long are wt to wait? Is it until Gov. Walker succeeds in making Kansas a free State, that we are called on to wait? No, we will not wait; Buchanan and Walker have sold out to Greeley, Bennett, and Raymond, aud how can we, as honorable men, as men who are actuated by patriotic motives end T eve of the South and i her instimlions, give ‘.hem our support? G WIHNETT. The Tax Returns ol Greene County. The follow iug is a computed list of the Tax Ile i turns of this county. We extract it from the ’ book of the Receiver: ■ Polls 730 1 Professions 22 , Free persons of color 10 ■ Children between 8 and 18 years 805 i Number of slaves 8,230 • Acres of land, Ist quality r..... 13 i “ “ “ 2d “ 47,592 “ «* “ 3d “ 208,740 s Acres of Pine Land 27 '.to Aggregate value of land $1,8» f Aggregate value of city and town pro ► perty 24 .8511 ■ Aggregate value of slaves 3,56 1 >l ’ > ■ Muney and solvent debts of all kinds. . F Merchandize . 108, , All other capital invested in stocks of any kind, manufactories, Ac 114,136 Value of household and kitchen furni ture, over $300..... 23,335 Aggregate value of all other property not before enumerated, except plnnta -1 tion and mechanical tools, annual crops, provisions, Ac 320,447 Aggregate value of whole property 7,411,744 Tax on professions, dentists, polls, free persons of color, Ac 423 00 Temperance Crusader. Law Department in Franklin Collloe.—We understand the trustees of Franklin College have appropriated ten thousand dollars for the erection of a building on the site of the old Presbyterian church, opposite the Newton House, to be used as a law school. —Athens Banner , Aug. 18. From the St. Paul {Min.) Advertiser. Letter from Mr. Toombs—The Land Grant lor Minnesota Railroad* St. Paul, April 30, 1857. Hon. Robert Toombs— Sir : At a numerous meet ing ot the citizens of St. Paul, and citizens of Alin nessota sojourning at St. Paul, held on the 26th of March, it was determined, in addition to general arrangements for a suitable celebration of the pas sage by Congress of the Minnesota land grant in aid of railroad construction, to express the gene ral and grateful appreciation in which your disin terested and valuable advocacy of that measure is held in this community, by inviting you to visit the Territory during the ensuing summer, and to accept the compliment of a public dinner at St. Paul, upon some day to be designated as most con venient to yourself. As a committee appointed by the meeting to communicate this request, we would express the hope that your engagements will admit of an ex cursion to’Minnesota during the summer, aud to a further acquaintance with a community, with whose future prosperity and progress, your name will be conspicuously identified. We remain, sir, yours respectfully, James W. Taylor, Wm. Hollinshbad, W. L. Banning, A. G. Fuller, L. A. Babcock. Washington, Ga., July IStb, 1857. Gentlemen : Your letter of April 30tb, enclosing me the resolutions passed at St. Paul, by a portion of the people of Minnesota, inviting me to a din ner, has been duly received. It was my hope and earnest desire to visit the Upper Mississippi (in cluding Minnesota,) during the present summer, and I expected until recently to be able to accept the honor tendered by your public meeting. But a recent accident prevents me temporarily from traveling, and I am therefore reluctantlv compelled to deny myself that pleasure. In the ’exercise of its large constitutional power to “ dispose of” the public lands, it is the duty of the Federal goveri - ment to promote the prosperity and interest of the new States and Territories to every extent compati ble with the rights of the common owners. This should be a fundamental principle governing such disposition. The policy of granting alternate sec tions of the public lands to the States and Territo ries in which they lie, for the purposes of internal improvements, under the conditions embraced in the act to which you refer, falls within this principle, and is sound, wise aud constitu tional. Its judicious application has been ap proved and supported by me since my entrance into the iederal legislature. It does not cost the treasury a single dollar, and it develops the resources of our new* settlements with a ra pidity and solidity hitherto unexampled in the history of the world. Appeals are constantly made to the old States against it, and it is often asserted by the opponents of the policy, that it appropri- I ates a common fund to promote local interests. If ; this was true, the objection would be well taken, but its whole force rests upon an error in fact! After exposure to the highest bidder at public sale, all unsold public lands are subject to entry at one dollar and twenty-five cents per acre, until further reduced by the late graduation act. Then to grant alternate sections of such lands for inter nal improvements and doubling the price of the remaining alternate sections, brings precisely the same amount of money into the public treasury. Our experience shows that such improvements do in fact double the market value of the sections re served by the government, and that they are more readily sold at the double price than other land of equal natural value, not affected by such improve ments, can be sold at the minimum price. This single fact, attested by the records of the land of fice, wholly overturns the objection. And it is perfectly clear that if the railroad companies, whose great profits arising from their enterprise are frequently referred to for the purpose of excit ing hostility to the system, by arousing the baser passions of human nature, liad entered and paid for, at the minimum price, all the public lauds within the limits of their grants, their pro fits would have been enormously enlarged. Yet this can be done at any time by any who may choose to do it. The government would not thereby get a single additional dollar, and the profits of the companies would be greatly increas ed. It is true that the new Stages are greatly bene litted by this policy, but the old States are in no wise injured and partake iu the general prosperity which it promotes. Until nearly the end qf the last Congress, the benefits of this policy } ia d not been granted to Minnesota, notwithstanding the earnest, able and indefatigable efforts of your dis tinguished representative, the ilon. H. AI. Rice Sinister influences outside of your Territory in the face of his stern, upright and manly opposi ti< n, sought to make your great interests subser vient to schemes of private speculation. I deemed t '“ B cr **«is to interpose to aid him in his effort-to secure your equal and just rights, to rescue tbriagrant from the grasp of mercenary specu 1 plyo it solely under the conj ■ * iewe ob iP. ct - 8 wc ‘ 10 IVV nVUr**t\7 grZuf, tmmmm hands by Congress, un tramme)ied,NM7l be faithfliUv applied td the noble public ujes for which it was designed, and that the million* of freemen who are destined to occupy great State may receive its benefits through distant ages. Thus to use it will be the best vindication of the policy, aud of those who sustain it. Please return my thanks to those whom you represent for the honor tendered me, and my regrets for my inability to accept it. 1 am very respectfully, your obedient serv’t, It. Toombs. : Alcssrs. Jus. W. Taylor, Wm. Ilollitishead, W. L. Banning, A. G. Fuller, L. A. Babcock. Additional by the Canada* Halifax, Aug. 11.—The royal mail steamer Canada, from Liverpool on the Ist inst., arrived here this afternoon. Liverpool. —Cotton closed with an advancing tendency. Sale* for the week €2,«XK) bales, of which speculators took 9,000, and exporters 4,500 bales. Orleans Fair, 8%; Middling, 8%; Uplands Fair, 8%; Middling, P.%. Stock in port 496,000 bales, of which 403,500 are American. Breadstuff's were steady and quiet. Flour closed steady. Western Canal 30 a Southern 30 a?la., Ohio 223. Wheat had a declining tenden cy, and prices were easier, but not quotably chang ed. Corn was quiet. White, 455. The weather had been favorable for the crops. Provisions. —Beef closed buoyant. Pork was firm, with an advance of 2s. on finer qualities. Bacon was quiet. Lard closed buoyant at 06 aCBs., and 60s. for choice. Richardson A Brothers quote flour dull at a de cline of Is. a 2s. The Brokers’ Circular quotes sugar quiet. Cof fee quiet. Rice dull. Tea, holders demand an advance. Rosin steady at 4s. 2d. for common. Spirits of turpentine steady and active at 10s. London Markets. —Baring’s Circular reports money iu an increased demand at 5% a 6 per cent Bullion decreasing. Consols for money. Wheat had a declining tendency. Sugar quiet. Tea firmer. Rice quiet. American securities were nominal. In the House of Commons the government was in a minority of sixty on a division forasccoud reading of the superannuation bill, a motion for a second reading having been carried. Lord Palmerston said the government would offer no further opposition. Fourteen horses ran for the Goodwood cup. The American horses were fifth and sixth. The first favorite and two other horses fell so heavily that the race can hardly be regarded as a criterion. The Emperor aud Empress of France were ex pected at the Isle of Wight on the 5th.2 The government intends to send ten thousand additional troops to India. The Bombay Times says the rebellion is univer sal in the Bengal army, and even the seventh na tive infantry, which had been publicly thanked three weeks before for loyalitv, had been disarmed. The Madras army manifested the most perfect loy ally. A list had been given of fifty-six regiments, j - portions of regiments, which had mutinied, ! while tweuty were disarmed and one disbanded. The Bengal army had ceased to exist. iGerritt Smith’s Experience with Free Negroes* A New York correspondent of the Charleston Courier , says : 44 Gerritt Smith, a notorious Abolitionist, and I believe a genuine philanthropist, in his way, has been letting out some ennous facts as to the free negroes of the North. Air. Smith being a man of large means, gave lands lying in the interior of this State to three thousand negroes, upon which they were to live and show the world their capaci ty for usefulness and independence. The donor, in a letter just published, confesses with chagrin that his expectations were not fully realized. He continues in this 6train: “ 4 Os the three thousand colored men to whom I gave land, probably less than fifty have taken and continue to hold possession of their grants. What is worse, half of the three thousand, os I judge, have either sold or been so care less as to allow it to bo v ” South-Western Railroad. A proof copy of the annual report of the presi dent, directors, and general superintendent of this road, for the year ending August Ist, 1857, has been laid on our table this morning, by John T. Boifeuillet, Esq., treasury and secretary. We have ‘ only room to-day for the following items from the president and suberintendeut’s report, showing the general condition of the road : FROM PRESIDENT CUYLHT'S REPORT. “After paying dividends of February and Au gust, interest due on bonds, and all extraordinary railroad expenditure, there remains a considerable surplus, which, as intimated above, is kept to , guard against any casualty that may occur. That surplus is shown as follows : • Net income for the year, after deduct ing all ordinary current expenses $199,397 04 i Dividend declared in Feb i ruary last $45,160 00 . Dividend declared to-day. 55,964 00 Interest on Bonds and an nuity to ihe city of Ma i con 29,060 02 Extraord’ry expenses, as by Superintendent’s re port 49,509 54—179,693 56 Surplus $20,203 78 The bond debt of the Company has been in creased ten thousand dollars, by bonds issued to the contractors on the extension. There is no floating or other debt, of any shape, due by the Company. The outstanding engagements for ma terials, do not exceed the sum of twentv-five hun dred dollars. FROM THE SUPERINTENDENT'S REPORTS. Total earnings for the year has been $365,213 92; previous year $353,092 46. Showing an increase of $12,121 46. This gain is almost en tirely from merchandize and passengers, to wit : Merchandize, (westward,) $15,790 26. Passen gers, $21,966 96 ; while eastward freight, princi pally cotton, has fallen off $24,370 81. From the Xashville ( Tenn.) Union. The Crops in Tennessee.—From every portion of the State, we have the most gratifying’ accounts in regard to the prospects for large crops. The wheat is rapidly being garnered, and although the rains which fell upon the crop standing in shocks in the field, has done some injury in certain quar ters, we nevertheless believe that the present is the largest wheat crop ever produced in Tenues* see. Corn never looked more promising. The same may be said of Tobacco. The difficulty of obtain* iug early plants, caused by the backwardness of the spring would, it was feared, cut short the crop. This, however, is not at all likely to be lhe case. Personal observation in most of the heavy tobacco growing counties of Middle and West Tennessee, corroborated by reliable information from others, | authorizes us to predict, that with an ordinarily ! favorable fall, the present crop will exceed that of any previous year by at least fifty per cent. We , mean, should we have no killing frost before the 25th ot October—the average date for some years past. We wish we could speak as hopefuliv of the j prospects of the cotton planter. We fear, how- i ever, that the present crop of cotton will fa)! even below the yield of last year. Such is the calcula tion oC many well informed planters with whom , we have conversed. But granting a falling off in j cotton, it may yet safelv be said that the crops of ! the State, taken as a whole, were never better, if even as good, aud we shall look hereafter to see the year 1857 referred to as the great crop year in Tennessee. The Lawrence (Kansas) Herald of Freedom is sued an extra on the 3d inst., containing the fol lowing : “Official evidence has reached Governor Walker, through the commanding officer at Fort Rilev, that the Cheyenne Indiaus, in force, have reached that station, where there is no fortiScation, and only half a company of infantry. The commanding officer at the Fort asks for immediate assistance, attack being hourly eorpectedj* and the garrison tilled with the wives and children of absent offi cers aud_ men. The Official report represents that •the Indians had driven in all settlers and com mitted several murders in sight of the post.’ “ leader these circumstances Governor Walker hkS sent Col. Cooke, with the whole force under his command, to the point of danger. Col. Cooke started with the advance at eight o’clock a. m., to day, aud by forced marches nopes to reach Fort Riley to-morrow evening, accompanied by the Governor. The rest of the troops follow imme diately, and will proceed with all possible expedi tion. It seems to bo wisely ordered by Providence j that the troops, who are now here so much uearer > Fort Riley, should thus be enab'ed to reach that \ point in so brief a period, to give speedy protec- j tion to the garrison and settlers, and it is hoped, I inflict summary chastisement upon this hostile and warlike tribe.” Trouble at ClaytonciUe, K. T. —The sheriff of Brown county started yesterday morning in pur suit of a band of desperadoes, twelve in number, ' USJfip.iflSifwa »«sajrs^ji*«swra3BySß.\ some horses and cleared themselves. The party live on Pony Creek, Kansas Territory. St. Joseph Journal. Death or Senator Rusk.—The Nacogdoches (Texas) Chronicle , extra, of the 30th of July, brings us the melancholy intelligence of the death of Thomas J. Rusk, one of the United States Sena tors from Texas, by his own hand. The Chronicle says: ! A great calamity has befallen the State of Texas. I One of her most distinguished and Doblest sous has fallen. Thomas J. Rusk is no more. I A gloom hangs over our people—a mystery, thus far, is connected with the matter. We can only give the facts and mourn the sad stroke which thus has deprived Texas and the South of a valued and useful champion. Gen. Rusk has, ever since the death of his lady, . suffered under a mental depression which at times bore him down beneath its weight. He has, to a great extent, secluded nimself from society, and lately that dispondency has been more marked and apparent to those familiar with him. A severe illness, from which he was just recovering, had prostrated him for weeks, and he was suffering greatly from a rising on the back of his neck. On yesterday evening, about two o’clock his ' family’ hearing the report of a gun and the fall of a body, ran to the spot, and found him lying dead upon the ground, behind the gallery at the back 1 of the house, with a rifle under him. A coroner’s * jury was summoned, from whose verdict we ex > tract the following: “The cause of his death was a gun shot (rifle) wound on the fore part of the head, inflicted from a rifle gun held iu his own hands and discharged ■ by himself.” 1 No further clue can be given to this mystery. No papers or writings of the same day have been found; except a letter addressed to a gentleman in New Orleans, ordering a tombstone for his wife, with this inscription : “ BLESSED ARE THE PURE IN HEART, FOR THEY SHALL SEE GOD.” Let the people mourn the loss of a man, who, on the field of battle, and in the councils of the State and nation, has proved himself to be worthy the proud place already accorded him in the affections of the people. We cheerfully give place to the following communication: Warrenton, Ga., August 13,1857. Mr. Editor : In your daily of yesterday, in com menting on the proceedings of the American Con vention, held in this place on the 6th inst, you say, “In looking over the published list of dele gates to that Convention, we find the names of George Stapleton, Benning B. Moore, and As. M. ■ Cody, (we suppose M. D. the right initials of the delegate from Warren). These three geutlemen were members of the Legislature of 1853-*54, and voted for the following resolution, referring to and ■ quoting the Kansas resolution, so well known. In , justice to my friend, Mr. M. 1). Cody, who was my , colleague from Warren during that session,and who . is now absent from home, f will state that he was not in the Convention of the 6th, and that Air. M. M. Cody was the delegate. I have no idea that Air. AI. D. Cody knew of the resolutions of that Convention uutil he saw them published. I make 1 this correction as a simple act of justice to him. Your obedient servant, Edw. 11. Pottle. Col. Richard M. Johnston.—This gentleman has been elected Professor of Belles-Lettres in ’ Franklin College, and will accept the position. He is the very man for that department, and will unquestionably prove a valuable acquisition. It suits his literary taste and elegant scholarship much better than law or politics, or tbe department offered him in connection with the Presidency of Mercer University. We only regret thd necessity of his removal from a circle of friends, whose best , wishes and prayers for his success iu life will ever follow him. . j BandsrsvUle Central Georgian , 1-th inst. j New York, Aug. 13.—The United States store j 1 i ship Supply, from Rio, has just anchored below. Supposed Suicide.—A yonn/ man, known s. Thomas Durham, died yesterday morning, at Col. Mcßain a Hotel, irom the effects of laudanum It is not known whether he took the drugon purpose «"° * his existence; but it has Te“n *7“ ,h " t h ® had *aken at least an ounce and a half, and before it was suspected, he was too . B° ne *o administer any antidote or give reliel L“ He was barkeeper for the hotel, and nown as a moral and industrious young man. The deceased was about twenty-one or two® years of a ge. America* Republican, Aug. 13. the Aug f 11 • —Advices from Kansas to or had b , een received - Governor Walk troops the V awr . eDce wi,h ‘he United States pS^nX P ss ehenSlon ° f 8D lDdia “ »«** COMMERCIAL. Market, August 13—ft f» \t nobles iSnO WHEAT.-The market continues unsettled, and sales arc daily made at prices varying from 10 to 15 cents ? bushel The largest lots always command the highest prices, while small parce.3 ore the most irregular in price. Cotton Statement. The New Orleans Prices Current, of Saturday, Sth August, furnishes the allowing Cotton statement: b ’ Decreased receipts this year . " exports to Great Britain;'.'.:::::: u'irZ to other f.irelgn ports tcaiS “ to all foreign pons :.; TlffaS? . ' .. “ to northern ports Increased stocks and on shipboard ; ;;;;;;; This statement, of course, refers to tlie latest dates received at New Orleans up to the Sth August of this year, compared with the same dates received last year at New Orleans oa the same day. Galveston Cotton Statement—Aug. 1. g ~ S^STfci.-«i'.;:'::::;;:; ;;;;;;;;;• •;igvjj Total 39,361. Exported since Sept. 1, to Great Britain.. ..btdeeV.fcTfe’' i ranee 4,4.23 < Kber i 'ontineutal ports 6,687 New Orleans \\ w* Mobile * Baltimore* Philadelphia .!!!*!!!! !!!! New York *2y.4V{ Bo6ton ’.‘. 19,*59;:—37,59G Remaining on hand and on shipboard, not cleared ftSM From the Xcw Orleans Prices Current , Aug. 3. _ , , Stock us Cotton. Below will be found a statement of the stock of Cotton in presses, and on shipboard not cleared, on Wednesday morning, the sth instant. The amount found, after maUog the propor allowance for made bates from waste and damaged cc-ttcn, sample?. &c., requires the addition to our receipts of 7,609 bale-. The particulars of the stock are as follows : Orleans l*ross bales. .2,901 Pelican Pro*s 2,y77 Levee Pit s.- * 45. l Plante-.?* Press * j *742 Alah.v.o.l Press 1 450 Freret’s Press 10^7 Shippers’ Press ...1! 1,061 I .otilsiana Prcas 79»; U nlon Press *] ’ ’ 712 Mlssisaipjd Prrss 711 Tesasi^.. m Wood's Press !«.<« Ship Levi Woodbury 1,324 Ship Jhbasticook 1.100 Ship Ann Washburn 044 Ship’ Milton 153 Nhlp Glad Tidings ’ ‘' 152 Ship .luliet 51 Ship Jane D.Cooper I.'. n_ ,440 Actual stock found In preMess and on shipboard.) not cleared on the morning of Wednesday, the;- *21,804 Add amount received since taking stock. . *274 „ , . iiiia Deduct amount cleared since taking stock ‘220 Stock in presses and on shipboard, not cleared on) A . O the 7th instant \ 2i * m STATEMENT Or COTTON. Stock on hand Ist Sept., 1800 bales— 0,996 Arrived past week 483 Arriv.-d previously, 1,511,745—1,512,228 Additional bales made from waste and damaged cotton, samples, Ac 4,000 „ 1,5*23,228 Exported past week 1,541 Exported previously 1,499,734—1,501,276 Stock on hand and on shipboard bales.. 21,94$ SAVANNAH, Aug. 11, 4 p. tu.— Cotton*— We report one sale to-day of 85 bales, at 14 X cents. MEMPHIS, Aug. 11.—There has been but very little anima tion in the market for some time: and the light stocks have caused prices to be maintained for many of the leading articles of consumption that would otherwise materially decline. The reports <»t the crop continue favorable, aud the weather is pro pitious for both Cotton and Corn. Cotton.—The Cotton market is quite, dull; the receipts being slight, and but few transactions oeeuring. H'Affiit.-Tbe receipts of Wheat are qnite equal to the de mand. and prices are prettv well sustained. The ruling rate# from inferior to extra qualities, are 90c. to #1 05 bushel. Provisions.— The priced in Provisions are fully sustained, owing to light stocks. ;i-|to •I ■ ' * :V*. ' Corn.— The market to-day was firm; sales of 80,000 bush els—mixed 84 )s<*£BS cents. , , , ... , Fork. —The market today was firm, with sales of Mess at ♦*2l 300*3* 40. Jleef.— The market was firm at former rates. • Lard.— Has advanced Me.—sales at 15|k cents. Whisky. —ls unchanged; sales at 81 cents for Ohio. CHATTANOOGA. Aug. B.—The river rose about three lect last, night, unexpectedly disturbing lumber. Ac., too near its domain, to the Injury ol the owners. It is still rising fad up to 12 M. to-day. The steamer Holston is at the wharf. Other steamers have arrived and departed during the week. The arrivals of wheat have boon heavy, so as to command the advance prices. The rapid decline, as shown by our quo tations, will cause a rapid declension in arrivals. Those who afford to do so, will hold back their Wheat at present prices but we apprehend prices will not improve. Ourex change papers from everr part of the country, give most fiat teriug accounts of the Wheat crop, which with the prospect ct an abundant yield of Corn, must keep the prices ot these cereals down to something like living rates to consumers. We quote this week : Bacon, nog round, 14@15.: Lard. 17c.: Corn, sacks included. 7-V- 39c.: Corn Meal. T-VrtSOe.; Flour, from new whe.it, #6 50; Wheat, 75Q80; Whisky Ss<*«:4o. ATLANTA, Aug. 11.—We have had frequent showers dur ing the past week, and much wanner weather than for several weeks previously. The receipts and sales of the week have been quite large. We hear of sales of leading articles, by one house, which amount t*» over #10,500! Receipts per Western and Atlantic railroad, for week ending August ?th, 1857: Wheat. 3,700 sacks; Bacon, 10 hhds. and 10 boxes ' T Flour, 250 sacks ; Lime, 95 bbls.: Whisky, 120 do. MACON, Aug. 12.— Cotton.— Sales generally from 12 to 14 cents. Some fine Cotton has been sold at 14 of which there is very little in market. _ NEW YORK, Aug. 18.-Kowr.-The market to-day was tin'.: ; with sales of 4,500,bb15. at #6 45f'i#6 60 for common to good Stale; Southern #7 20GV #7 50. Wheat.—' The market to-day was firm: with sales of 70,00$ bushels—red #1 70tt*l 72; Southern white #1 80C*si#l 82M. Com.—The market to day was firm ; sales of 89,000 bush els—raised SC cents. Fork.— Prices have advanced 10 cents for Mess, ami 10 eeul/v on Prime, with sales of Moss at #2l 60@#24 60, and Prime #l9 508*19 60. Beef.— The market was firm at former rates. 1 Lard. —The market to day was firm—sales at l ' \' cents. Whisky—ls unchanged—sales at 30 cents for Ohio. CINCINNATI, Aug. 11.—Flour, SCQ#6 10 for Superfine. ' Wheat active; Oats<KX£7o ; Whisky 25.5 c.; Bacon 12@s4c.; Pork 24c.; Lard, li>c, „ ST. LOUIS. Aug. 11.—Flour *6; Wheat #1 75®*1 26; Com, mixed 706972 c.; white 74c.; Oats 40054 c. Hemp #! 16 ®*l 25; Tobacco to 13c. Fram Jtrtwer <£ Caldttcirs Circutar. NKW YORK, A-e. 12.—Cotton—Is exc'edingiy firn:* c no time during the be.uwn U:vs the article beeu in greater ta« • , or held with more confidence as to the fuiurv—-yet d .! 7 operations are moderate, as the exporters or ahippcn are v! ..g very little, In consequence of their orders living generally lim ited below our present range of figures: therefore we have to depend mainly on our home spinners, who my verv sp iring, y and pay * u rcluct uitiy the present prices. Ihe impress: 1 prevails that the mills will neither resort to very short tim© 1 nor close. If this prove correct, and accounts ot growing crop continue unfavorable, (as they are per latest mats dates,> • with the moderate stock we liave, and the improbability or - s l)oing materially replenished for some time to come—we must «re d Mglier wale of Hc.irea. \\ tnw our qm.trtlonssliEhtlj, , Upland. St. Marks. Mobile. 6.U.&Texis Orulnarv 12Ji013 12X@W Middling IBX 15M Middling Fair 16>< of‘S «h JSf N- VSk SUtO 1 Hour (old) )u» advanced l'«»S0 cents * bWj. there beln* light • receipts aid a good demand. Now #« r. I >d *m re gen >{ , has declined; our citv nidlcrs are ’JES?~h 1 ‘»d & made at £I 5 -f The quotations are as follows : flew York State common brands, *6 450*6 60; do. Extra, St Southern-Old mixed and good brands, *< 35® f' wf- 1 Ifliorv gnfi #;» oa, atter for choice family, : !o 7 w° : NgSTwiS? «-n ne „:. ft S renort. the receipts having hc.n thcsc twSstitrea'coiSrableportion Is out of order owing o *Com—f I'-wTlfSKed 3<?C4 cents since our report of the sth in ataiit We mentioned in our last, 60.000 bushels on Uiews-/ from Chicago to Buffalo—it should have been OdO.ooo bushe.s; upward of 21S,0(j|bf this arrived, and was offered for sale cn the 10th In this market. We quote white 95@98c.; yellow, bS ®9oc.; Mixed Western DIED At Rural Hill, near Lexington, Oglethopc county, on theTßth lost.. Marti.x Mocknino, child of Lewi? J. Dupree, aged 1$ months .mU 15 days. ztr Christian Index please copy.