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SATURDAY, .TinSTE 36. The Upper Northern Route. We hare been shown some letters from gentle men of our State who had taken the railroad route through Columbia, Charlotte, and Raleigh, to Weldon, and they express themselves highly de lighted with the road, and the courteous conductors on it. Cotton. The floods in the South-west, in the early part of the planting season, were not regarded as very materially affecting the cotton culture, from the fact that the rich lands in that section mature cot ton in & much shorter time than in the old planta tion States. But the continued high waters since : the latter part of March, and the recently reported inundation of the rich cotton producing valley of the Yazoo country, of Mississippi, have changed the opinion of the merchants and planters in the West, and in other parts of the country. The New Orleans Prices Current , of the 19 th inst., says: “ A further large rise has been report ed in the upper rivers, and as the banks of the Mississippi are already very full, apprehensions naturally arise as to the effect of the flood, should it reach our cotton regions without a very mate rial abatement. To these apprehensions we at tribute, in a great measure, the excitement which has prevailed in our market within the last few days.” After the above paragraph was written, the tele graph conveyed to New Orleans the intelligence that the great Yazoo pass had given way by the swelling flood in the Mississippi river; and while the breach was also about one hundred feet wide, it was widening and deepening rapidly. The wa ter was sweeping forward with great fur}”, and it was thought the inundation would deluge the en tire valley. This valley contains the most productive cotton lands in Mississippi, and at this time it is impossi ble to estimate the injury which will result. An Interesting Case. On Wednesday night lost, while apparently in the.enjoyment of good health, Mrs. Johanxnaii O’- suddenly in this city. She was buried on Thursday. In consequence of some rumors that this wo man’sdeath was caused by the administration of an active poison, the body was exhumed on Sat urday morning, and the contents of the stomach removed, and the brain, heart and liver exam ined by Prof. Ford, and Doctor’s Bignox and Ford, but th<? result of their investigations we have hot learned. A jury was empannelled yesterday afternoon, by Coroner Baker, and witnesses examined. The testimony, so far as we had opportunity to bear it, was principally that of Stephen* Murphy, the child of the deceased, and about sixteeu or seventeen years of age. He stated that there was poison kept in the house for the purpose of killing rats, and that shortly after retiring to his room he heard his mother exclaim, “ O’Conners you have killed me—O’Conxbrs you have killed me.” He stated that it was a custom of his mother to drink beer every night before going to bed, and the ten dency of his testimony was to induce the belief that the beer which his mother drank on the night of her death contained poison. The death was very sudden, and, from the testimony, must have occurred within five minutes from the time of the drinking of the beer. The inquest adjourned late yesterday afternoon, and will resume their investigations on Monday. We understand that the testimony, so far, is con flicting; but we trust the labors of the jury will be prosecuted with diliigence, and if it can be estab lished that the death of this woman w as caused by poison, that no means will be spared to find out and bring the perpetrator of such a deed to pun ishment. This investigation is due to the living and the dead. The medical gentlemen in charge of the analysis of the contents of the stomach, ajad anexami na: organs they removedliTula the body, bad not made their report to the jury last evening. Speech of the Hon. A. K. Wright. j We devote a large portion of our space this morning to the speech of the Hon. Augustus It. Wright, delivered in the House of Representa tives, on the 81st of May, upon Central American affairs—the arrest of Gen. Walker by Commo dore Paulding, and the conduct of the Adminis tration in reference to that transaction. It will be seen that the Representative of the Fifth District occupies substantially the same posi tion upon the subjects he discusses as that which was assumed at the time of the arrest of Walker, by the distinguished Representative of this Dis trict—a position, we may remark, which is en dorsed and sustained by an overwhelming majori ty of the people of this State, and of the South. There are some expressions in this speech, having reference to the Executive, which many of our readers will disapprove ; but we commend it to all of them, as a bold and earnest protest against the course pursued by Commodore Paulding, (without the censure, if not with the approval, of the Ad ministration.) in violating the neutrality of Nica ragua to enforce the neutrality laws of tbd United States. His conduct was as wrong upon princi ple, as recent events upon the Isthmus have shown that it was wrong in policy; and we trust that when Gen. Walker shall again attempt to regain possession of Nicaragua, the instructions to our naval officers, in its waters, may be sufficiently ex plicit to protect them against the commission of another such ‘‘grave error,” as it was character ised by Mr. Buchanan. Health of Mayor Wayne. The Savannah Morning News, of the 25th inst., says:. “We regret to learn that the Mayor had another severe hemorrhage yesterday morning. At a late hour last night he was quite low, and great fears were entertained of a fatal termination of his illness. “ The City Council met last night, but in conse quence of the Mayor’s critical condition, adjourned without transacting any business.” Another Execution.—Thompson, who was found guilty of the murder of young Calhoun by the Superior Court of Muscogee county, is to be hanged at Columbus, on Friday, the 2d of July. The Galveston News, of the loth inst., says: “We learn from all parts of the State that the crops of corn and cotton never have been known to be as good before. The corn crop is made, and the yield is said to be almost incredible. One hun dred bushels per acre is a common estimate on bottom lands. One of the largest sugar planters saj'S, for twenty years past the cane has never promised so well as it does now.” The State Department, it is said, has received dispatches from Minister Reed, announcing his iu teuaed resignation and return from China. An umbrella has been manufactured in Connec ticut, called the “lending umbrella.” It is made of brown paper and willow twigs, intended exclu sively to accommodate a fheud. The New York correspondent of the Wash ington Union , under date of the 20th inst., writes : “ Senator Toombs, of Georgia, and Senator Brown, of Mississippi, are at present in our city, to spend a few days. They dined last night with Geo. N. Sanders, our popular Navv Agent, where a party of prominent citizens was invited ta meet them. Senator Toombs proposes returning almost immediately to Washington, en route for Georgia, and Senator Brown will take a tour through some of the North-eastern States, and probably visit Canada.” Governor Hrown and the State Road. The following paragraph, in reference to the re cent discontinuance of the accommodation passen ger mail train on the Western and Atlantic rail road, appeared in our issue of the 12th inst., and has attracted the attention of our contemporaries of the Federal Unton : Reform on the State Road.—A. writer in the Cass ville Standard . of the 10th inst., who sigus his remarks “ Rip Van Wiukle,” seems to congratu late the superintendent upon the economical re sults of recent reforms on the road. The writer says the morning passenger train on the State road has been dispensed with, and while it only delays the mails some ten or twelve hours daily, it is really a considerable saving in the running expenses of the road. The suspension of the other passenger or express train will doubtless still further pro mote economy, inasmuch as the freight trains could have passenger cars attached to them, and the visiting and traveling public would be greatly pleased as they could stop several hours in the night, somewhere on the line, between Atlanta and Chattanooga and enjoy a very pleasant rest. The following is the concluding paragraph in the writer’s remarks: “ Another idea suggests itself to my mind, but I have not yet been able fully to decide upon its merits. I will however give it to you. Would it not be well for the passenger trains to remain in Atlanta until passengers accumulated in Chatta nooga sufficient to fill at least three passenger cars, and then the telegraph man could dispatch to the master of transportation at Atlanta, and he could send a train up for them? By adopting this course, it would save at least three or four trips a week, which would be an immense curtailment of expense. What think you of it ? It seems to me there is no use in hurrying through life.” The Union re-publishes this paragraph in its issue of the 22nd inst., and remarks: If the Constitutionalist was anxious to attack Gov. Brown’s management of the State road, why did not the editor do it in a bold and direct w*ay ? Why did he strike at Gov. Brown over the shoul ders of an anonymous correspondent ? Was the Con stitutionalist in search of facts? Why then aid he not lay before his readers the refutation of these charges against the management of the State road contained in our article last week on this subject? Or why did not the editor copy the editorial en dorsement of the Governor’s policy from the Cass yilie Standard , and not publish approvingly the irresponsible slang of an anonymous correspond ent of the same paper ? It seems to us, that the Constitutionalist would have been more gratified to praise than to blame the management of the State road, particularly when he could have done so without violence to the truth, or the feelings of his friends. The paragraph upon which the Union animad verts, contained no slang, as any one will see who will take the trouble to read it, and no charges against the Executive or the officers of the State road, but simply expressed in a pleasant way, oar disapproval of the policy adopted by the Superin tendent, as we understood it, of cutting down the business of the road to cut down its expenses. It appeared, as we have stated, in our issue of the 12th inst. A few days afterwards we received a carefully prepared official statement, explaining and defending the course which the Superintend ent had pursued. That statement we had reason know, was official—we did not know that the editorials of the Federal Union in reference to the management of the State road were—and w*e con sequently published it, four days in advance of the last issue of the Union. The publication of this official statement was a sufficient explanation oi our omission to publish the article of the Union , to which it refers, and ought to have protected us from the charge which it insinuates, that we are disposed to injure Gov. Brown, by attacking his management of the State road. W'e desire to state that we have given no occa sion for any such insinuation, and have exhibited no disposition to attack the administration of the State road in the very slight references which we have made to it and to its affairs, cilice it has been under its present management. At the same time, we recognise no obligation to approve of everything which may be done upon that road, simply because it is under Democratic control ; and shall not hesitate to disapprove its management whenever the occasion presents it self and the public interests demand it, despite i. ~!tf.inrvyja.np P vuhirh iW JZuUwl ImUM disposed to exercise over our columns. In thisconnection we would refer our readers to a communication in reference to the affairs of the State read, which may be found in another column. The Charleston Courier of yesterday says: “The Charleston Standard newspaper, together with type, press and office materials, was offered for sale at auction yesterday, as per advertisement, but we understand* that no sale was effected.” The cause assigned, we believe, for discontinu ing the publication of the Standard , was the disa greement among the owners of the establishment in relation to some leading political question. Kaf” We are requested to state that Cook Lewis, Esq., of Columbus, Georgia, will deliver the ora tion before the Phi-Kappa and Demosthenian Societies of the University of Georgia, on the 4th of July next. The small pox is prevailing to a considera ble extent in Brooklyn, N. Y. During the week ending the 19th inst, there were ninety deaths re ported. Improving.—The United States Treasurer's week ly statement for the week endiug on Monday last, June 21, shows somewhat of an improvement, in somuch as the increase of receipts is set down at about three million five hundred thousand dollars over the preceding week. Charles Dickens in Trouble.—Charles Dick ens, the author, who did not like the moral habits of some of our countrymen, has just given the English world the opportunity to scan his own. CnAULES has had a taste for private theatricals, which into frequent intercourse with a Miss TEUNAwPin actress of celebrity. His atten tions becoming something more than was required by fictitious passion, Mrs. Dickens rebelled, and a separation between her and Mr. Dickens has oc curred. This is the common report, but Mr. Dick ens has published a letter, in which he pronounces all the rumors in relation to the matter “abomi nably false.” He makes the following admission, however: “Some domestic trouble of mine of long stand ing, on which 1 will make no further remark than that it claims to be respected as being of a sacred ly private nature, has lately been brought to an ar rangement which involves no anger or ill-will of any kind, and the whole origin, progress, and sur rounding circumstances of which have been throughout within the knowledge of my children. It is : amieably composed, and its details have but now*to be forgotten by those concerned in it. Professor Agassiz. —lt seems from a statement in the Athenaeum, that “after all, aud in spite of his many formal refusals, Professor Agassiz, of Boston, will be won over to the directorship of the Museum of Natural Historj'of the Jardin des Plantes, at Paris. It appears to.be a favorite wish of the Emperor Napoleon to draw this celebrated scholar, whose personal acquaintance he made in Switzerland, to Paris. Agassiz has been offered a salary of twenty-five thousand francs, add the im mediate Senatorship, which brings another thirty thousand francs; and at last he has consented to go over to Ptfris for a verbal and personal ne gotiation.” If girls would have roses for their cheeks, they must do as the roses do—go to sleep with the lilies, and get up with the morning glories. Washington, June 21.—The dispatches from Great Britain relative to the late outrages on American vessels in the Gulf are said to be of a very satisfactory nature. St. Louis, June 21.—Dates from Leavenworth to June 15, say Gen. Harney and staff left for Utah this morning. - The U. S. Court and Polygamy fin If tab. A correspondent of the Washington (fniafc wri ting from Camp Scott, Utah Territory? under date of the 29th of May, furnishes t.hat paper with a copy of a charge delivered by Judge Echols to the grand jury of the Territory, at a term of the U. 8. Court, held at the headquarters of the army, in which he denounces polygamy as a criminal practice, coming within the perview of the territo rial statutes against adultery, and instructs the jury that it is their duty to find indictments against those who practise it. The following is the copy of the charge, which is published by the Union : “We cannot conceal from ourselves the knowl edge of the fact that certain domestic arrange ments exist in this Territory at war with those which pertain to all other Christian communities, and destructive of the peace aud good order of society Polygamy exists in Utah to a very con siderable extent, while it is forbidden bv every , other State and Territory of the Union. It is not for you to inquire where this institution had its origin, or when or what were the consequences resulting from it. It is our duty to inquire wheth er it is authorised by law, and if not, by what statute, if any, it is punishable. “ It is understood that the United States acquir ed all of this Territory that is inhabited bv treaty from Mexico. As the law of Mexico stood at the time of the treaty, polygamy was prohibited in this country. The municq>al law in this respect was not changed by its cession to the United States. Has it, then, been altered since we acquired it ? After the most dilligent search and inquiry I have been enabled to make, I have found none, and presume the law is therefore unchanged; and hence all marriages after the first, whilst it re mains in full force, are illegal and void. Is there any law in force in this Territory under which this practice is punishable ? I find no statute punish ing polygamy, but there is oue, however, for the punishment of adultery; and illegal intercourse between the sexes, if either of the parties have a husband or wife living at the time, is adulterous and punishable by indictment. The punishment prescribed by this statute is i m prison meufr fora period of not less than three nor more than twenty years, or bv fine not less than three hundred nor more than one thousand dollars, or both by fine and imprisonment, at the discretion of the jury trying the cause. “No consequeuces in which a large proportion of this people may he involved, in consequence of their criminal practice, will deter you trom a fearless discharge of your duty. It is yours to find the facts, and to return without fear, favor, affection, reward, or any hope thereof. The law was made to punish the lawless and dis obedient, and society is entitled to the salutary effects of its execution," This charge, it appears, was delivered by Judge Echols on the day upon which Governor Cum mini; left the camp for the capital of the Mormons upon his mission of conciliation, and at that particular juncture in the affairs of the Territory, nothing could possibly have been more ill-advised. The policy adopted by the administration, to wards the Mormons, has been violently opposed in Congress and in the country. There were some who strenuously objected to any interference by the Federal Government in the affairs of that peo ple, even to vindicate the authority of its officials and of its laws—others who opposed any demon stration of force against them; and others still who believed that other means might be employed, which would more effectually break the neck of their rebellion, than those which were adopted by ! the Administration. But the administration per sisted in its policy, despatched an Army to Utah to act in conjunction with the civil authorities of the Territory in establishing the authority of the Federal Government without interfering with the social customs of the religion of the Mormons; aud the result has been an avoidance of a collision with them and the prospect of a speedy and peace ful settlement of one of the most difficult and dangerous domestic questions,, with which the government has ever had to deal. But such a settlement cannot be effected, if the administration of the laws of the Territory is to be controlled by the spirit which dictated the charge of Judge Echols to the grand jury at Camp Scott. In that charge he proposes to punish the Mormons, and to illegitimate their children, who practise po lvgainy, which is sanctioned by their religion and by the example of their priesthoods 4Cius is amunut writ * —ifcliH'fll iff tin Administration, and if it is serioffslr attempted will thwart all the judicious efforts at conciliation which Gov. CcMMiNG is now making—defeat the policy of the Administration —justify the opposi tion which has been exhibited against it, and result in a long and expensive war with the Mormons, which will end only with their extermination or withdrawal into Sonora, out of which it is our policy to keep them, if we desire ever to acquire that Territory. The \Vashiugtou Union, we are glad to ob serve, utterly disapproves of the charge of Judge Echols, and we suppose that instructions will be given, which will prevent him, or any other judi cial officer of the Territory, from interfering with the policy of conciliation and of peace which Gov. Cummixg is pursuing. Major Cooper’s Railroad. This road, from the Western and Atlantic rail road to the Etowah rolling mills, is now almost complete, having been built by the indefatigable industry and enterprise of Major Cooper, at his own expense. When we consider the almost in calculable benefit which this road will le to the State road directly, and through the State road to the people generally, it is almost difficult to per ceive how it is that* the claims of Major Cooper have heretofore met with so little encouragement from the legislature, m liis applications to that body for a loan of some material aid. Did his application involve in its consequences, if grauted, the precedent of a State loan, lor private and spec ulative purposes only ? We confess that such pre cedent might, and would be a deleterous, and per haps a dangerous one. But when we consider the circumstances under which this application has been made, and the manner of its fate before the legislature, we .can but exclaim, ungrateful. For, when we see a man of Major Cooper’s fortune, character, energy, talent and great moral worth, invest that all in such an enter prise in our own State, and even in our own county and midst, in the constructing of iron foundries, rolling mills, and merchant nulls, for the manufac turing of iron, nails, implements of husbandry, and flour of the finest and best quality—equal to that of the finest and best Genncsee brands, or that made by the Richmond and Baltimore mills— thus furnishing labor, at remunerating prices, to some four or bve hundred hands, thus dividing the labor of the country, and developing the rich, and heretofore valueless mineral resources of the State ; creating a home market for every spare vegetable raised within reach of these works, and a home market for the rich harvests of our fertile valleys; receiving daily, per the State road, large quantities of grain, coal, tim ber and other material, to be used in the manufacturing and trans-shipping of the products, and shipping daily large quantities of iron, flour, Ac., over the State road to other markets, showing thereby, and by his indefatigable industry, sus taining and proving the capacity* of Georgia to maintain herself in the products of her soil and manufacturing, in any market in the world; not only thereby greatly enhancing the value of real estate in this region of country, but m point of fact enhancing the value of every foot of land in Georgia, and furnishing to the State road one of the main sources of profit in its operations; is it not a matter of astonishment to allthe enlightened citizens of Georgia, that this matter should be overlooked by the legislative wisdom of our State? Georgia has built a railroad to the Tennessee river, some twenty miles or more upon Tennessee soil, for the purpose of facilita ting intercourse with the great West—will not Gaorgtans see to it, that this home enterprise is sustained and countenanced ? Such public bene factors as Maj. Cooper are not every day to be met with ; such public aids as that under the manage ment of the Etowah Manufacturing Company, are of rare occurrence in any country; such an oppor tunity to legislate for the public good, seldom oc curs to the Georgia legislature, as that which they have had of building this short road of some four or five miles from the State road to the Etowah works. Whether Maj. Cooper will afford the State another opportunity to do its plain duty, we do not know. But we feel prepared to say ‘that Ma?or Cooper, for what he has done for Georgia in Jiis enterprise, stands well entitled to public esteem; and that his name must pass down the future his tory of old Georgia as a public benefactor. Cartermßs Erprm, June . The Atlltttic Telegraph Enterprise. The telegraphic squadron, consisting of the Niagara, and the British steamers Agamemnon, Valorous and Gorgon, left Plymouth Souud on the 10th inst., for the point in mid-ocean,• where they are to begin the operation of laying the telegraph cable across the Atlantic, and if no accident oc curred reached that point several days ago, and alter splicing the cable, separated for their reap'ic* tive places of landing—the Agamemnon and Val orous for the head of Valentia Bay, Ireland, and the Niagara and Gorgon lor the head of Trinity Bay, Newfoundland. Within a week we may pot sibly know the result of this second attempt to lay the Atlantic cable. In the meantime, the follow ing extract from an article in the New York Her ald, of the 24th inst., in which that paper speculates upon the chances of the failure and success of the enterprise, may be interesting to our readers: The reasons for supposing that the experiment will be more successful this year than it was last, may be briefly stated. The entire machinery for laying the cable was then defective—brakes, indi cators and wheels—all were not wbat was needed; they were put on board the ships iu a hurry, with out trial, and naturally failed in their purpose when put to the test. This year the entire ma chinery—the fruit of experience and combined mechanical skill—has been made with the utmost care, and has been thoroughly tried in the Bay of Biscay. Every part is pronounced to be perfect. Last year the operation was under the charge of Mr. Bright, whose capacity for the task is general ly questioned, and to whose mal-adroitness the failure of last year was ascribed. This year Mr. Bright has charge of but half the operation. He superintends on board the Agamemnon; Mr. Everett has charge on board the Niagara. Last year, with so little caution was the work under taken, that had the cable been laid, it is almost certain that no one would have been able to send a message through it. This year this part of the question has been fully tested; aud though Ur. Whitehouse’s experiments have not been particular ly successful, Mr. Hughes,with his process, has been enabled to send three, and—as we learn from another source—as many as seven words through the entire length of cable in a minute. In a word, men, machinery and methods have all been im proved during the twelvemonth which has elapsed since they last endeavored to unite the two conti nents; it is fair to conclude that their chances of success are better. At the same time, and while every man’s wishes and hopes for the success of the enterprise arc so strong as to almost render it painful to listen to any suggestion of doubt or difficulty, it is but right that a few grave obstacles should be kept in view. The first great doubt which attends the enter prise relates to the transmissibilitv of the electri cal fluid through two thousand miles ot submerged wire. It proved that the spark cun be transmit ted through this length of wire ou land ; but will it travel as well when this wire is at the bottom of the sea? This can only be ascertained by experi ment. Previous experiments—as, for instance, the success of the submarine wires in the Black Sea and the Mediterranean—afford no reliable cri terion for an experiment with a wire five and ten times as long us those used in these cases. The principle can only be elicited from practice. The danger of breaking the wire is very great. No submarine wire has ever yet been laid suc cessfully without some such accident—unless the wire to Newfoundland, which was cut, be an ex ception. The Mediterranean wire was broken several times before it was laid. And it was orni* nous that on the recent trial trip of the Atlantic telegraph fleet in the Bay of Biscay, the wire snapped very quickly. True, it,was a” piece of old cable, known to be weak; it is to be hoped that no parts of the cable to bo used this year are in the same condition, and that no oxidation has been suffered to take place. It is also to be hoped that Mr. Bright, the late engineer of the expedition, and now the engineer of the operations on board the Agamemnon, will conduct his operations aud organise his force in such a manner as not to lay himself open to a charge of having twice defeated the.aims of the expedition by his incapacity. At any rate, a few days will now decide. If the operation fails, it lies over for another year—per haps for another company. That it will be perse vered in, in spite of failures however frequent and accidents however deplorable, until it is an ac complished fact—there is no more room to doubt than that the sun shines overhead. Z3T" The Democratic State Convention of Maine, for the nomination of a candidate for Governor, will be held at Augusta, on Wednesday next. - ~ BS3f~ Thu. Okuhliatuir of the Home iiouthtrner *k Advertiser announces that paper for sale. J'jgT’The Chattanooga Advertiser. printing office is advertised to be soldundera decree of chancery, ou the 12th of July next. 23?" We are getting on with lightning speed. An exchange paper says, “ Electricity is about to be applied to music. A performer seated before a piano, constructed for the purpose, in London, Moscow, or St. Petersburg, will play a moceau, every note of which, by means of the electric wire, will be repeated by another instrument in one of the concert rooms in Paris." When the cable is completed, we may enjoy the music of some of the European musicians without being bothered with their presence. The Santa Fe Gazette says that there are not more than four hundred lwna fid* residents within the whole Territory, out of which it is proposed to form Arizona. A large number of the operatives at the Law rence mills, in Lowell, Mass., were on a strike on Monday last, and threatened violence to those who continued to work. Advices from Texas are to the Oth instant. The State Gazette says a gentleman who has travelled from Arkansas to Austin by land, reports that he never in his life saw such abundant crops. The wheat crop exceeds anything ever known. The authorities of Salisbury, N. C., have passed the following ordinance : Ordered , That any per son who shall engage iu cock fighting, either for amusement or profit, shall forfeit and pay the sum of ten dollars for each and every offence. The miuers at Jeanesville, York Town and Au denreid collieries, Pa., are all out on a strike. The men at the two last collieries were perfectly wil ling to continue working, but a gang of ruffians, numbering some two hundred, came from Jcanes ville to York Town, and threatened the men with death if they continued working. The Utica Herald locutions the death of Patrick Rilet. While plowing, his hands came in con tact with poisoned ivy, and the swelling being neglected, increased for four or five days before he consulted a physician. At that time his arms were swollen to an immense size, and his limbs and body continued to swell and mortify till death en sued, in spite of the doctors. Col. John O’Fallon, a St. Louis millionaire, lias signified his intention to donate one hundred thou sand dollars for the endowment of the O’Fallon Polytechnic school in that city. The Hartford Courant says a dictionary is soon to be published, which will contain ten thousand more words than any of its predecessors. A man died, a few days since, aged ninety-four years, in Cambridge, Mass., who had lived very poorly, and was not supposed to own any proper ty, except the house and lot in which he lived. His heirs, however, on searching the premises, discovered specie of various countries and denom inations, to the amount of fifty tnousand dollars. The Exchange Bank at Grifiiu. The Empire State , published at Griffin, on the 24th inst., says: “The Exchange Bank has suspended specie pay ment. We know but little of its affairs, of our own knowledge. Those who have bad the man agement of it, inform us that the liabilities are small, not exceeding fifty thousand dollars, and that the suspension will only be of temporary du ration. We would suggest to bill holders not to dispose of their bi!!s at a very great sacrifice." [COMMCXICATED.] Western and Atlantic Railroad. Mr. Editor: In reply to the very specious state ment of a writer “in behalf of the officers of the road," which appeared in your paper of the 18th instant, let the whole fucts be submitted to a can did public. ' With regard to the splice received for the trans portation of mails on this road, the official reports state that for the year 1855 it was sixteen thousand one hundred and thirty-four dollars and fifty-two cents—for the year 1856 it was twenty-two thous and seven hundred and fifteen dollars and seventy three cents—for the year 1857 it was twenty-two thousand seven hundred and fifty dollars, and the writer says it is the same this year; it will oe per ceived, then, that the price allowed for mail ser vice in the year 1856, was considerably greater than in the preceding year; and about that time* if rightly recollected, a double service was put on the road, say a day passenger and a night passen ger train, which has been continued some two or years, till the present authorities discontinued the former. Now, by this act the mails are delayed about ten hours, not only to those on the line of the railroad, but at all the post offices in the interior whose mails are carried on this road. None can doubt the very great annoyance occasioned by this delay —this of itself is sufficient to condemn the change. But this is not all. The traveling public are also greatly inconvenienced and delayed, in as much as no additional advantages are afford ed, by attaching a passenger car to a freight train; from the fact, that this freight train runs about the same schedule of time it did before the passenger car was attached, so that passengers might have availed themselves of this line before the day pas senger train was discontinued. The writer seems to harp very much upon the convenience afforded to travellers by this freight passenger train leaving Atlanta and Chattanooga some two hours and forty minutes Idler than the train which has been takeu off. but conceals the fact that while this latter train reached Atlanta and Chattanooga at about nine o’clock, A. M., the freight passenger train reaches those points at about five or half-past five o’clock, P. M., a difference of only about eight hours and a half. This freight passenger train takes about thirteen boars to make the trip, each way, between Atlanta and Chattanooga, a distance of one hun dred and thirty-eight miles; it leaves Atlanta eight hours before the prevent passenger train, and reaches Chattanooga only about two hours before it; it makes no connection with other lines at either end of the road, and although it carries a few passengers, it is really and truly a freight train; and this is doubtless the cause why the Post master General will not dignify it by pnttiug ou the mails. The main excuse given for taking off the day passenger train, seems to be that it will save the State twenty thousand dollars per annum. Now, it is not at all certain that this will be the lvsult. True, by taking a train ofl’ the road entirely, would lessen the expense the amount it would cost to run that train; and it would be good policy if the business could be done without it, if you had a regular established revenue from the road; but when it is so well known that the revenue of rail roads is so sensAtive and uncertain as to require the very best judgment, and the most enlarged ex perience, the subject should always be approached with the greatest caution, lest in attempting “to save with a spigot, you might lose at the bung." Now, suppose the Superintendent should decide to run but one passenger tram a week from Chatta nooga to Atlanta; while it would greatly diminish the expense in operating the road, it would still more greatly decrease the revenue, and thereby cause a loss to the general operations of the road; and why may not the same be the result with re gard to the change in question? for experience has fully demonstrated that the greater facilities offered, the more travel will be induced. The fact that a few thousand dollars has been paid into the State treasury by the present authorities, is luggod into the statement byway of (jlarificatiotu Far be it from us to attempt to pluck one feather from this cap; but really, we think this glorifying is rather premature, when it is considered that the present Superintendent, in bis payments into the treasury, has fallen so far short of the estimate of the late Superintendent, whose last report says : “ But judging from the past, in connection with my short experience on this road, and its present condition and equipment, I can safely, and do most confidently, assert, that with even the same amount of business in 1858, that the road has done the past year, it can, and should, with proper man agement, pay into the State treasury three hun dred and fifty thousand dollars.” The present Superintendent has only paid into the Treasury in the last five months sixty-seven thousand dollars. The difference is easily calculated. But the writer says: “The Nashville and Chatta nooga Railroad Company took off their train, Ac.” True, this was done sometime in last November or December, or perhaps earlier; but why be govern ed by this outside railroad alone V Are not the prin cipal railroads in the little State of Georgia running two daily passenger trains, and are they not con necting roads with the Western and Atlantic? Was our great State work conceived and earned out, to build up or to be managed for the sole benefit of Chattanooga and Nashville enterprises? Are oar own cities to succumb to and be over shadowed by such a system V What say Savau nab, Augusta, Macon, Atlanta, Columbus, West Point, Athens, and all the beautiful towms on the different railroad lines of our own State ? Is it right, is it just, is it in accordance with the obli gation of the of the Western and Atlantic railroad; to make this discrimination against the railroads of Georgia, which have been paid for by the hard earned dollars of our own peo ple? It is worse than useless, it to at tempt to shift the responsibility of this measure, upon the Post Office department. The Postmas ter General has done his whole duty in expediting our mails. The authorities of the Western and At lantic railroad have made the issue and thwarted his object; and not satisfied in exercising their wis dom in its proper sphere, they seem desirous to take charge of bis department also. The people, yes, the whole people of Georgia, are interested in this question, and will be very apt to place the re sponsibility where it properly belongs. A Cherokee Democrat. [communicated.] Fourth of July. Mr. Editor: We have children in our house, and have had a wedding in the neighborhood. As a matter of course, some of the good things from the wedding found their way here for the little ones, aud among them a toy, or sugar ornament, from one of the cakes. Rather a fanciful one it was, for the occasion, being nothing more nor less than the Goddess of Liberty! But the children were de lighted, and made pilgrimages to and fro about the little image, admiring the blue and red shield, and gilt eagle on the base of the pillar, the Liberty cap, aud the Americau flag, which she carried in her hand. But there was one thing which puzzled us all; we could not account for it. The base or pillar m this toy was surmounted by a globe; and upon this globe, in very short garments, poised upon one toot, her attitude almost that of flight, stood or rested the goddess. Why was this ? The Soint touched was, of course, America—the United tales. Why was her attitude that of flight? Why was she not standing firm and erect, both feet planted upon her chosen soil, proudly waving defiance, and throwing her arrows against every foe who Bhould assail it ? The Goddess of Liberty taking flight! Where was she going? Couldn't tell—-nobody could answer—guessed and guessed in vain; save it up ; and the children danced off ,to find other amusements. Left alone, I threw myself into an arm chair— and vague, wandering thought*, commonly called ! day-dreams, fluted about, if.awatha! Pluribustah f Azure robe of night! Fourth of July-OoddeßS Liberty—were all one tangled maze, Suddenly the toy before me gfew larger! yes, positively, ■' the foot whieh had rested, seemed now to spurn The tace grew stern—the banner drooped, wae ■: tailing—the stars and stripes would touch the ground ! In an agony I tried to spring forward 1 to save them ; I coaid not move ; I was paralysed; ;; my gaze was rivetted upon the Goddess ; she was moving! and my ear heard distinctly—“ Patriot ism is dead ! my dav, my glorious fourth is neg lected ! lam going!” Agony gave me power. I gasped out, “ 0 Goddess, stay —you are mistaken ; we mean to—to—to—put on our uniform—and— and to-to hear—to listen to —to— a sermon. Stay, ’ S Goddess!” A smile of ineffable contempt beamed from every feature. “Recreant!” was the thundering » reply. 44 Call you that honoring my day! You dishonor God’s day ! Why do you not celebrate ■ the fifth? Where is American enthusiasm ? Where are the military shows? Where is the national 8 holiday V Where are the shoutes of the people ? [ Where are the glad voices of the children? | Where is the ringing of the bells ? Where is the blazing bonfire—where the flaming fireworks— ] | where the pealing artillery—where is the univer sal joy—the loud hurra for Freedom— tMjpraticm, l in my honor? Your statesmen ar^Ssleep— your orators dead—you have no life. I am going —vou are unworthy of the stars and stripes — l t take them with me. I leave with you all you have* souls to value!” In an instant the air was darkened—a shower of dollars was falling! The merchants ran to gather them. The Mayor and Aldermen pitched into the thickest. I tried to get away, to move, to run.- - | In vain! I could not move ; I could not even cry aloud. I gazed at the Goddess. The stern face grew sterner. She kicked at America with such %. vigorous scorn that the world was all reeling. I became giddy. She spruDg aloft, her tresses flew in the wind—the beloved bauner waned in the. I breeze. She stopped! She had repented. Alas, no! For a single instant she had stayed her flight. r Her look was mournful. She was passing over the house of the Vice- Regent of the Mount Vernon. Association ! At that instant a great silver dollar | struck me! I fell, down, down, down. I stopped, ■'*! panting, breathless. I was in my own arm chair. f The sugar toy was before me. The Goddess, iu L her short petticoats and painted cap, was still 1 poised, still waiting. f But in earnest, Mr. Editor, are our orators jn- ft -deed dead? Are our statesmen asleep? The JE tourth is at hand ! Can we not, as in the like cast; always before, honor it on the fifth? Shall we-not give our servants, our children, our hard-worked £ clerks, their holiday, the nation’s holiday? City fathers, open your coffers, pour out the dollars for V,!. S noble uses. Citizen soldiery! give your banners » to the breeze, and fau the flame of patriotism,* which is burning low. Stay the Goddess of Liber* tv! Stay the genius of our country before she , I? * takes her flight. . «,*• t Correspondence. t Wasuingtov, D. C., June 21,1538. Mr. Editor: I arrived here Saturday evening, three o’clock, after a pleasant day’s travel, from Richmond. It is a great relief to get off the rail road car into a good boat on the beautiful Potc mac, after a day and night’s travel on railroads, and escape from the dust, cinders and noise. We spent our time in Charleston very pleasantly. Our friend Geo. W. Williams placed at our service his carri age and horses and aervants, which enabled us very comfortably to visit all the objects of interest —amongst which the “ Magnolia Cemetery ” con tains some over which we are disposed to linger. There is the monument on the grave of the lament ed Tabor, who fell the victim of that barbarous practice that ought to be looked upon rather as criminal than honorable. There, too, is thnjomb of Col. Washington, of Boyce, and many Others 3 who are remembered. We spent an evening on the battery, decidedly the must pleasant place I have seen* where a few hours may be spent every evening amongst social men and beautiful women in great numbers. We (that is S. and myself,) left there Thursday evening fifteen minutes past three, traveled up the North-east road, the best and smoothest I have traveled ; reached Wilming ton at five o’clock next morning, where we got an excellent breakfast, and reached Richmond at seven o’clock m the evening. We stopped at the Ex change Hotel, a capital house ; and next morning proceeded at once to the great attraction, tho Washington monument. It stands on 'the public grounds near the captto!, and is imposing in its appearauco, so as to fix itself strongly on the mind. The monument is made of granite, neatly dressed uod w*H put together; is some thirty to thirty-, five feet high—l should think it may be taller. On > the top of this is the bronze equestrian statue of i Washington and his stallton, both of which are as striking as you can well imagine, rather larger than life, facing South. The horso is represented as • jjg;; in motion, the left forefoot thrown forward taking a step, the right hind-foot resting ou the side or point of the shoe, as if iust raising it to take the step. The horse is bold and furious, and is a most strik ing representation; while the rider is seated on him gracefully, and looks like he was made to com mand. The color, dark yellow. Around, and con nected with the monument, are several pedestals, on two of which are the bronze statues of Henry and Jefferson—rather dark—the others are to bo occupied by Lee, Marshall, and others, as I was in formed. We came here Saturday evening, spent a few hours on the c&pitol grounds listening to the fine music of the Marion band, and trying toijnd some beautiful women. We returned to the hotel at night. I went to church yesterday, and when we re- , turned, found our friend, Gov. Cobb, waiting for us; we spent the evening at his house most pleasantly. There are a few members of Congress still here. The City very dull, and the treasury, low. I say nothing of politics, as everything is a little uncer tain. 1 think there is mischief ahead. We shall make a few calls this morning, and leave for Bal- . 1 1 more this evening. As ever, yours tialv, * / H. Baltimore, 2*2d June, 1856.' I We called and paid our respects to the Presi dent yesterday, and found any quantity of visi tors and other patriotic citizens wishing to be heard on the subject of their violated rights, which you are aware cau only be redressed by an application of “Treasury pap.” The President had a long audience with Col. Kune, on the sub ject of Utah, and from what I could learn, matters in that quarter are progressing satisfactorily. Our British and Central American relations are not so satisfactory—but there is no telling what shape these may*finally assume. The President takes everything quietly and calmly, and will, I hfive every confidence* adopt and pursue that course which will be best calculated to protect the inter ests of the country. Our friend Gov. Cobb enjoys his usual good humor, and is a favorite with all who come in con tact with him, except those who consider him in their way of promotion. I frequently hear his name mentioned in connection with the next Presidency—and Judge Douglas is making all necessary preparations to enter the lists. Whether he can lead the Republicans, I think doubtful. We arrived herein time yesterday evening to make a general survey of the city, and S. and my self conclude that it is rather interesting. It seems to be a place of large trade, and doing a good business. We have this morning visited the places and objects of interest not seen yesterday, and leave for Philadelphia to-dav. The greatest drawback on Baltimore is its large number of free negroes. I am told there are more free persons of color than slaves. It will not take a great while to Abolitionise the city if there is nothing done to change this state oi things—and Washington will be, if not already, a standpoint for Abdlitiomsm. About one-sixth of its population, I am told, is free persons of color. Slavery caunot continue under such circum stances. We are at Burnum’s, a capital bouse—alt southrons going North ought to spend a day here. From the Sacann June 23. Suprem#Conrt. The Court delivered the following opinions yes terday morning : Green Martin vs. the State.—Murder front Washington county —new trial ordered. Jenkins A Harris for the Plaintiff in Error; McLaws, (Attor ney General) contra. Smith ts. McDonald.—Claim from Ward county —judgment affirmed. Warren & Gordon for Plain tiff in Error; Wm. B. Gaulden, contra. Sutton re. Sutton.—Mortgage from Bryan county—judgment reversed. W. B. Gauldea for Plaintiff in Error; Ward, Owens A Jones, contra. McLeland vs. the State.—Adultery from Screven county—judgment reversed. Geo. A. Gordon for Plaintiffm Error; A. H. H. Dawson, centra. Moody vs. Morgan.—Attachment from Appling county—judgment reversed. W. B. Gaulden Plaintiff in Error; Cole A Sessions, contra