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. M mmrnm *sfk J?%} An (n( mi fpL *Tm- f.. tik *lKi».7* I |l7nV|/, Kjy Kl\li 9\ y Jt VKif ■?■/i /gw m^imrTS^s^ lJWyaßai I , ™-»i mi 4T» KirEHjmmMm Mgßlilafl JMB Bf/rap^yy 1 JEa* JNEW JEUIES,) ' VOl. 11. i NO 30. How to Improve Negro Labor. The following sound advice we copy from the Nashville Union and Ameri can : “The most difficult problem ol solu tion, and upon which the future pros perity of tlie South, in a large measure, depends, is the best method of manag ing negro labor. This problem is greatly complicated by the fact of an abnormal, or unusual relation having existed heretofore between the negroes who labor on the farm and the persons who employ them. It is difficult for the people of the South to realize the fact that the negro is a free man, en titled to all the privileges of native boni citizens, subject to the same law's and claiming the same rights. The negroes, on the other hand, have been in structed to believe that the white ]>eo- 1 pie of the South would deprive them i of their freedom, and remand them i back into slavery if they only had the ! power. These two ideas, acting ini antagonism, have served to repel the j magnet, distributing therr forces in op posite directions. With few excep tions there has been but little sympathy and but little good will bet wen them, other than that which results from a mutual dependence upon each other. This, in the impoverished condition of the South, is greatly to be deplored. She needs the hearty concurrence of every force, moral, intellectual and physical, to regain her lost ascendancy, and to place her on the high road to wealth and prosperity. “We propose to submit a few sug gestions founded on experience, by which both races may be benefitted. “1. As the white race has more in telligence and more experience with the world, the beginning of a reform should commence with it, and the first step is to make the negro more per manent in his home. A wandering laborer, with no ties to bind him to any locality, is deprived of those incentives which make edterprising and industri ous citizens. They should be furnished with comfortable houses, in which they may board themselves, have their own gardens, their own milch cows, a bee hive or two and such comforts as a laboring man feels that he ought to have. They will then know that they reap the full measures of their laboi, and that superior skill and industry will be rewarded by increased enjoy ments and comforts. “2. As the introduction of machine ry into the operations of the farm is becoming more general each year, so a large degree of intelligence is con stantly demanded. The senseless ex ercise of muscle cannot compete with the precision and intelligent action of machinery. Each succeeding year will show a diminished demand for ignorant labor and increased inquiiy for skilled labor. The highest interest of the South, then, demands a recognr tion of this fact, and the adoption of some measures by which the laboier may be instructed in the higher re quirements of the farm, for all the ex perience of this country goes to prove that it is more economical to employ intelligent labor to direct machinery than to employ ignorant labor and dis pense with machinery, Hhe produc tion of cotton, since the invention of the cotton gin ; the increased produc BY THE CHRONICLE PUBLISH® COM^ifesiJpGA. FOR THE WEEK ENDING SATURDAY. 10AY ml ! f’ on °f wheat since the invention of the reaper, are cases in point; and so far from machinery reducing the average price of labor, the producing ! power of g day’s labor is greater than j it ever has been ; employment is more constant; Rales of agricultural products | more certain, and a gradual elevation j°f the laborer in the scale of dignity i and intelligence more decided. “3. No labor can be made perma nently profitable that is not contented. Whatever then is done to make it con tented and happy, redounds as much to the interest of the employer as to the laborer. For this reason we think every large employer of labor should have a school-house erected on his farm, so that the children may be in snstructed in the elements of ‘learning, virtue and science.’ Apart from the happiness which it gives the parents, it fits the children for more intelligent labor demanded by the advance of a true civilization. The largest profit ever paid by any cotton factory in the South, was by one in Georgia, where ■ekl furnish com^ keep a teacher constantly employed’tof" the ins‘ruction of their children. The operati res consider it a rare privilege to be employed, and the owners of the factory brve never been troubled with ‘strikes’ oi a scarcity of labor. “Some regard ought also to be had to their enjoyments. Every class of people have their special pleasures. The Germans, for example, have their beer gardens ; the Irish their ‘wakes;’ the French their soirees; the Span iards their fandangos. If the negro shows a predilection for ‘big meetings, loud prayer and doleful songs, it must be set down its one of his ‘peculiar’ pleasures, to which he has a right by nature, and a desire by instinct, Let him enjoy them; nay, let him be as sisted in enjoying them, if it will make him a more effective, reliable and honest laborer. “4. The confidence of the negro must be secured, and be must be made morally certain that he will get the full value of all his labor, and that he has a right to spend it in any manner that he pleases. lie may need advice, but advice should not be forced upon him. When he is fully convinced that bis employer is looking to bis interest, he will not be tardy in seeking and follow ing his advice. A laborer should be paid also in proportion to his real value. The habit of having a fixed rate for grown men, and so much for boys of equal age, is discouraging to those who wish to excel by the quality and quantity of iheir work. It retards, progress in the right direction. It stretches all upon a Procrustean bed, cuts down good qualities and elevates bad ones to the same level. “5. The most liberal rates should be paid for good labor. The best interests of the farmer require this. In this manner he can always secure as many laborers as he may wish on his farm and be able to secure the best. Knowing that they are receiving the highest wages they are not so easy to take offense and ‘quit,’ but are willing, in flushing times, to move forward with alacrity and a will which the poorly paid laborer never feels. More satisfaction is felt and greater energy secured and developed in the manage ment of the farm. “6. The employer should be kind and act with iinparti|*y and kindness towards his employs^. Fretting ans fault-finding penusteoHK will rum tlr* best set of farm laboflSjin the world! Rules should be rensMßle, butrigidly ell forced. Too man should not be given at once. THjMgm should be supervised by the!* l qHK s sad the laborer should be madojfrj&el his re sponsihility for Occa sional holidays shoulUKip&ven, and ■for good and faithful ht'rvice well and truly performed, a (/rfistifaa preset# or New Year’s gift wMld btjjuo bad in v vestment. It is not .ojf the gift. It is the mani®tktiolSp%sf‘ good feeling; it is the sfMflHetiffnjijc that unites the superiosP^Kinferioj l ; it is an evidence of kindlor’fcgard that is always appreciated I®'. the most ig norant. One of the 'Luost successful business noil ill the mate, when in Rome on a visit, number of beads blessed by the Jrfipe, itnd the proper distribution of lljpe mqwig hi* house servants lias | of attachment bet ’ vant Torn Pafdie vfasm a'&ift bought' for him in Paris by Sir Walter. It it not the gift, said ToinJ that I prize so much as that the lord should think of me so far from home, j Let the negro become identified with, and attached to the soil upon which he lives, and he and the land owner and the country i ill be benefited by his labor. Long-Horn Cattle- Yorkshire, Eng., has the credit of giving rise to tin# Long Horns. They enjoyed a considerable local reputation. The district of Craven w*s their origi nal. home. Before Hake well's time Culley described them as “Long bodied, big-boned, coarse, flatsided, one of .en lyery or black-fleshed.” But many even of these t 'raven cattle were noticeable for rotundity, length of carcass, mellowness of skin and the excellent quality of their milk. The improvement of the breed dates from 1720. Sir Thomas Gresley and a blacksmith named Welby did much to improve this stock. Mr. Webster of Canley near Coventry was also a Long llorn breeder of local note. Bake well improved the breed and they were known as Improved Leicesters. His breeding was close and there was little risk run by crossing. He com menced with two heifers from Mr. Webster’s herd at Canley, using on them a bull from \V T estm Orel and. His aim was rotundity of form and apitude to feed. In this he was successful. But the result was not an ability to fill the milk pail like the old breed. Mr. Marshall describes the characteristics of the 1 mproved Leicesters, or Long- Horns, as follows;—“Fore-end long and light (this we may observe is a fault apparent in the few herd remain ing in England;) neck thin, head fine but long and tapering, eye large, bl ight and prominent. The hoi ns vary with the sex; those of bulls com paratively short, from fifteen inches to two feet. The oxen extremely large, from two and a-half feet to three and a half feet long. Cows nearly as long, but fine and tapering. Most of the bonis hang downward by the side of the cheeks, and then, if well turned, as in many of the cows, shoot forward at the points ; the shoulders fine, thin, full when fat, but hollow when lug ha ■ a left in *ii<ikZ!riT shire, Westmoreland, Lancashire, and Yorkshire, which were their original homes. The Short-Horns are dormant. A recent writer says:—“Sixty years ago the Long-Horn was the most im portant and fashionable breed of cattle inhabiting the counties of Derby and Stafford, and there still linger in the district wondrous tales of the quanity of milk yielded by some favorite cow, or the more marvelous weights which the oxen and heifers attained, when grazed on the rich, alluvial pastures of the Trent, the Dove, or the Derwent. From some cause or other, the breed has gradually receded in public estima tion, and the only herds of note now existing in England are those of his Grace, the Duke of Duckingliam, at Stowe Pa k, Bucks; Sir John Harper Crew, Bart., Calke Abbey,Derbyshire; John Godfrey, Wigston Parva, Hickley, Leicestershire, and It. 11. Chapman, of Upton. Nuneaton, War wickshire. The Duke of Buckingham has a herd of fine animals, numbering at the present time nearly 100 head; they are directly descended from the Bakewelj, Canley, ltollright, and some of the purest old Warwickshire fami lies. The herd is of long standing, and has been bred with great care and judgment. Animals from this herd frequently distinguished themselves in the show-yard. “Sir John Harper Crew, who was formerly an admirer and breeder of pedigree Shorbllorns, and though it is scarcely ten years since he commenced to cultivate the Long-Horn, now possesses a herd offorty breeding cows, which, for uniformity of type, could scarcely be excelled by their great rivals, the Short-Horns. They come to hand mellow to the touch. The skin, though thick, is covered with a profusion of rich, soft hair; the rib is well sprung, eliinc broad, shoulders well placed, barrel round and deep, the general appearance in unison, denoting a healthy and vigorous constitution. They are good milkers, and, as a rule, prolific breeder’s. What appears to us as their only weak point in these days ot high feeding and quick returns i3, that they are longer in arriving at ma turity than the improved Short Horn; consequently they give a less return of ?Vo>slßp|r eon ' im [ Us -“ r* v Pxkif>od liei-,1, ■ jgftjfcnl of o .. ~of VfSSpksliiiv ■g*l§gh iu ‘ i making are practised at-Spond -,, p M';-’ •:<-•!' tl Vof the "■ 1 !■ sieeih;'fts#'"'sislpi off to '■ : ■ • a hair i tJiO- ;>*,g M a SUe fi-tei < xibo.roi’ St the r ! fas well Mlpam tat ’’ IP* **L neighborhood. The •v have been celebrated to, keeps a herd of tjjwrfjj they are butter By a fibrt animals tew to earljF maturity, the Longorloras might let regain much of their an cient /popularity.” —Moores Itural New Yorker. Georgia Crop News. Floyd County—Rain needed to give young com and cotton a start, says the Rome Bulletin. Morgan County—Rain is needed. Drought hurting wheat. Corn not growing. Planters cleaning corn well. Cotton not flattering. Few’ have a stand, and not one a tolerable stand on his whole crop. Some who had a fair stand a week ago, have not half a stand now. Some are siding and chopping cptton to secure a stand, says the Madi son Appeal. Gwdnnett county—Vegetation going it. Corn making a fine start. Early com doing well, a good stand generally reported says the Eorcross Courier. Spalding county—Rain needed. Corn, wheat, and oats doing well. Cotton lately planted suffering. Fanners well up with work, says the Griffin Brar. Terrell county—. High lands needing rain, and bad stands of cotton. Com doing well. The low lands in this county and Calhoun county not finish ed planting yet, the farming area hav ing been so much submerged, says the Journal. Wilkes county —Not a great deal of wheat, but growing crop looks well. A little rust. Fruit trees overloaded, says the Gazette. Newton county—Crops looking well, but rain needed says the Enterprise. Muscogee ceunty—Despite drought corn and cotton look remarkably well, and have not suffered, save when baked ground kept plants from coming up, says the Columbus Enquirer. Chattooga county—Mr. Penn has the best field of wheat, which was a clover fallow last year says the Adver tiser. Crop prospects good in spite of dry weather. Fanners have cleaned com and finished cotton. Wheatpromising, NO. :<>