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TRtf Til AMD ELOQUENCE*
FROM THE BOS f’ON PATRIOT.
Speech of thp fion MK Holmes h
the Seuate of Massachusetts , June
8. 814, during# the debate on th,
answer to the Governor s Speech, i
Mr. Puksiijicwt,
When I considered the pefniciou
and unprofitable adoptee
by the legislature last year it w
to have been expected that gentle
men would have taken a course
somewhat different from that em
braced in the answer to his excel
lency’s address* Taught by the er
rors of the past, it was to be expect
ed thgft they would have been can
ful of the future. Finding that the
had neither provoked the people t.
opposition, driven the governmen
from its ground, nor obtained thv
grace and fdgpr of theenemygit wa
reasonable to hope that gfei&iTic’
would have been cured of tjieir frer»
zy—■that hii excellency would hav
confined his observations to the busi
ness of the states and that the answe*
of the senate wdtild have beSn of tin
same disdtiption. But we find that
gentlemen are not yet discouraged
Xho’ tS eir inflammatory course w * -
utterly discountenanced by the peo
ple, still they persist. We have an
other rdrnifesto to be published in
British papers, assevidence that Mas#
saenusetts had receded from the Uni
on, yet we find you in this ve
ry answer, boasting of the forbear
ance of the legislature of Massachu
setts. Forbearance sir l VV iat is
the forbearance you boast of! Alt
that could be done, was*done to ex*
cite the people to opposition. Le
ters and emmissaries were sent from
this toWptothe remote the
state, informing the people that they
were oppressed, urging them to get
up meetings, and pledge them-’
selves-to support the opposition
which the legislature had projected „
And what r was the success. Some
twenty or thirty, towns out of more
than five hundred, and many of those
totally disconnected with commerce
were induced to complain. And
bow did you obtain even these l Sir,
tne people weVe imposed on. Even
the poor fishermen were ashamed
of the business and signed a recanta
tion. \'. ’’ * *? '*'•*• •••
This is the forbearance so full of
iberit 1 You forbore y to be sure, but
it was because you were afraid to do
otherwise. The last legislature mis
sed their aim. The people were not
dissatisfied with the embargo. It
Iwis a measure approved by both
parties at the tinfc. Speculators
were purchasing provisions for the
enemy, the country was about to be
drained.; this temporary check was
salutary. ‘But it disappointed taio
descriptions of people. Fh econtrac
tors because they could not get the
money,*and tne Brit is h because they
could not get the provisions; and
ihese were the authors of all the
complaints.
But we find it again repeated,'that
1 the rulers of the nation have discov-,
ered an ifcveterat« hatred to com
merce. :By this charge coming so
oken from this state , we should be
led to conclude that Massachusetts ,
was the grand mart of tne trade ol
the world, and that Boston was the
commercial centfe. And we should
further conclude, from the modest
assurance of her merchants, that
metcahtile knowledge was exclu
sively confined to the people of Bos
ton. Sir, it is with much ditfideuce,
i confess,that i attempt asubject of
which, if you take the gentlemen at
their words, they are such
masters. .However, if these* exclu
sive gentlemen will, pardon me 1 , I
will call the attention of the board
loan enquiry into thertlative com
mercial importance ol the different
sections of the 4? States. Hr, the
southern or of ¥ the
United States have an interest to de
s roy if they view New
England ‘as their competitor, there
may be good ground for this charge,
it will scarcely be believed that
iney will destroy commerce,” When
their manifest'and immediate inter
est lequiies its preservation ; lior
l will it do ior-gcmkiucu to pretend
.
ATHENS, , THURSDAY JULY 21, 18U.
that the rulers of the nation are op
posed to the interest of the people
in this tiling. ‘An administration
surely, whifch has discovered an u*
niform ‘hostility to commerce for
more than twelve vears, must it
»s presumed, act conformably to the
vishes of the people who created
lem. The question returns, what
»re the interests of the* Southern and
middle divisions of the United States
i» regard to dommerce ? let us look
U the exports. 1 take the year
because, i£ I remember right
ly, that year was particularly favor
ible to the NeW Engl aud States, t The
xports* from New England were
twenty four millions ; of the middle
states, forty-nine millions*; of the
southern twenty-one millions.
1 give millions entire, though thi r e
were tractions of a million to each
division, the largest fraction if I
mistake not, was in the southern
division. But in this period, the
exports of the domestic growth
and manufacture Were, in the south,
l>uble those of the New* England
states. portion of these fiortl
efn exports were the products of
the southern and middle states*/ I
it-ave to the merchants to deter
nine# Further; In the year ending
3Ji.ii September 1813. the exports
from Maryland were double those
irojn Massachusetts ; and this too
i time of war, when the Chesa
peake,’\vvas infested by the enemy,
and Massachusetts was the object of
special grace and royal favor.
In 1811, Baltimore exportqi aboilt
■ en, and Boston eleven millions ; per
haps three out of eleven were
iroUght coastwise frcrni Baltimore—
yet Baliimore i» inimical to com
merce , a meie mob town ; and Boston
is the prop of the commerce of the
world# The back-woods state of
Louisiana , this intruder into the
Union, which does not contain 60
thousand inhabitants, 4 during the
year ♦ 813 ; exported but one third
less than Massachusetts ; and if you
take into consideration what'U Car
ried coastwise, this bacl| r woods state ?’
exports more than Massachusetts
This is not aIU In tWsame period
Massachusetts was down td y the sixth
grade in point of commerce while she
stood the fourth in point of populati
on* Sir, it is insufferable arrogance
for this section of the Union to boast
of their commerce. I am aware
that gehclemca will attempt to get
rid of thnv reasoning by recurring to
the imports. But this will hot avail
them. What are the sources of im
portations ? The products of your
soil, the products of your waters , your
manufactures i the ‘abor of your seamen y
the use of your me - chaits. These
l believe are all the so irces of import
tgtloas. Money is a medium, out
not a source of commerce. , With- *
out your products and yonr manufac
turesy of what avail, are the rest ?
You may, to be sure/to your ships
and sailors to other nations, and the
small their earnings, may
be coihlfned into a Return cargo, but
this would be at mere trifle. This
is an imperfect view of your com
mercial importance. These are the
men who are perpetually babbling of ,
their commerce. A fine figure
would the New England states make
iii the commercial World, were they
ciit off from the southern marketer
even upon a repeal of the tonnage du
ty. It is not long since your ships
were neglected in the soufhern ports,
while foreigners could obtain good ■
freights and a profitable trade, if
they punish you as you deserve, you
would soon be in the same situa
tion.
Let us look at another charge a
gainst the nation. * The local aggran
dizement of the south and west is to
be at the expellee of New
England. This jeaiousy of others
is a very natural weaxness# ! / Wheii
a man sees his neighbor glowing
rich fastest ban himself, he suspects .
that consequently he * is growing
poor—and the weak ruiersuf a state
will indulge the same feelings. And
yet, siiyl do not perceive any good
reason why the south should be hos
tile to the commerce of Njew England.
They do not want to be yfifir earners,
for you have nothing to carry. They
*have cargoes and you have ships nad
sailors, li you will conduct with ci
vility, it will be tor their interest to
employ you. It is their Interest and
their wish to cultivate a spirit ot com
mercial enterprize m New England
—and sir, should the western
people be your competitors in com
merced Have they pb interest in
commercial prosperity l i very well
I * *■ ‘■ ,-ur’ .. . : ’ i ’ .. li MW .K
remember that in 1813. the naviga
tion of the Mississippi was of such
importance to the pieople who inha
bited the western waters,, that it
must secured by a resort to force.
Because Spain had withheld from us
the right of deposit at Me w Orleans
the present peace party called ou t for
v)ar. Their dear jbrethern of
west were to be deprived of their
commerce, so lucrative, so important
tot he nation, and so essential to their
existence. We heard nothing then
of the anti-commercial spirit of these
people ; they must have commerce ;
war, immediate energetic, decisive
war was inevitable* , It was evenxlis
graceful to wait the isstie of a pen
ding negociation. I remember a
Mr. Ross of Pennsylvania, a Mr.
Morris of IJew York, and if I do not
much mistake„ a certain honorable
Senator from Massachusetts, felt so
much sympathy for the western peo
ple, that they were willing to spill
the blood evlen of New England, td
preserve their commerce. , Louis
iana must be ours ; she who is now
an must be forced into the
family against her will. Our nation
al honor had* been insuited, and na
tional honor was national independence ,
*and one couft not exist without* the
other.
Now, sir* those very commercial
people are all at pnce determined to
crush New England by a destruction
of commerce. Truly, sir we indulge
in very childish jealousies. > Mas
sachusetts is forever exciting, some
groundless suspiciuod. I remember ‘<
that not long since a resolution wis
offered to Congress by a Mr. Jack
son of Virginia,, for altering the (Son <
stituiion so as to authorize Congress
•to lay anexportduty ; Massachusetts
took the alarm, and resolved that the
object was to destroy the Eng
land commerce, and m ike her tribu
tary to the southern states! when
these same southern states furnished
five dollars for exportation where
New England furnishes one. But ‘
we are old, and I admit with trut *
that,the influence of the northern
staies is annihilated But how ? Are
we not represented agieeable to the
Constitution f, Sir* bur representation
in the Senate and House is more
than equal to our free population—
we have not one-foUrth of f(te free
population, and yet we have ten Sen
ators of thir|y-stx—-and this excess
will more than compensate for the
loss by the slave representation ,in
the House. It is Capable of demon
stration. Why is your, influence
1 It is your wayward con
* traced, inconsistent policy, which
has done this; your groundless com
plaints against the administration of
the general government your at
tempting to excitg local jealousies
and animosities ; your pertinacious
adherence to : the enemies of your
country, have bra't. your state ■ into
that disrepute and contempt of which
she now complains , Massachusetts
has been, and of right Ought to be a.
powerful and influential ( member of
the Union—but this influence is des
troyed. The disgraceful , proceed
ings of last Winter roused the people
in the neighbouring states. New
York, a state which you boasted
would join the cabal, rose, and in the
tpajesty of her strength* hurled de
fiance in your teeth ; and instead of
discovering our errdrs and our follies
and profiting by them, we are now
publishing to England otner evidence
of our disposition to secede ; and pro
oably Admiral Cochrane wdLlin con
sequence, issue another proclama
tion to the oppressed people of Mas
sachusetts, to abandon their tyranni
cal government and come and .par
cake ot thfc sweets of monarchy.
vVere he he£e and probably he has
some agent or representative not far
off, he would discover in you total
disrelish and contempt for fepubli-
He would hear gen
tlemen openly express their prefer
ence for tne government of GV tt. 1
‘ monarchy and all; and he would,
lrom motives of compassion, to be
sure, relieve them from the burdens,
turmoils and cabals of democracy.
i do not hesitate to express my belief
that this proclamation, this invitation
to revolt, was issued m consequence
of. the complaintsOf a*restless, ambi
tious and daring faction among us.
And, s\r.wc have enjoyed tne honor
able distinction oi being the object of
the enemy’s glace and forbearance ;
and consequently we have excited the
suspicious and detestation of the
mendsoi our country*. No wonder,
sir, out influence is annihilated—it
ougtu to ibc fcQfie have to*
covered that you,who all the
commerce, talents, integrity and pat
riotism, have none of eithei to spare .
The proceedings of last winter are
viewed with detestation and abhor
rence. Massachusetts is become a
bye-word, and is despised by her
own political friends. It is perceiv
ed that we are ready to barter away
the essential rights of the people for
profit. The gentleman from SmT'dk
dMr. endeavoited to
-rove the injustice of the war t>v a
calcul ition of debit and credit. The
gentleman professes to be a mer
chanti and he would settle the right*
of the nation as he would the procet ds
of a voyage. He says, if I under*
stand him that we spilt more blood#
or lost more men, in this war, than
we should ever lose by impressment.
And his inference would be, I. sup
pose, that we should ‘submit. If G*
B should, in time 6f seace. wan.
tbnly butcher a hundred Americ ibs,
and it would be likely,, tp cost two
hundred to punish her, wp ought to
pocket Ithe outrage. (This is the de
grading course adopted by some of
our comiptrcial politicians. If «ve
can make money,no matter how. Sell
your fellow citizens, sell your fights,
your honor, your independence—my
thing for the p+ofiu Suppose t‘-«
South and West should tabe you’ at
your words , you say impressment
is a British right, and might not to
be resisted; agreed.. That no in
demnity is due for tlie operations of
her Orders in Council; very w *ll.
That free ships do not nuke free
guilds, no matter; let that go.
That it is national law io prohibit
neutral trade between an enemy’s
.country and h«r cronies ; Vpry well*
That the allegiance of a British sub
ject isperpetuafand unaliehabie— nit
t «*at of an American is not ; w*: will
.ot contend. , Nj w, sir % l have heard
i very one of these concession’- advocated
at this boards and gentlemen wj.uid
have no reason to complain if a peace
is mule upon their own terms and
.if you wish it the U. States will t>-
andon the tonnage duty and the isa
v.i i:s.—The t>outh and West can a*
well buy British fish, md t npJoy
British ships, as to confine them
selves to yourcuaom. ...These cud
cessions would ifqt injii’ e thtAn—
but how would you like them? \ul
what encouragement have the people
of the South and West to
their blood and treasure for you,
while you are cursingthem- for it j< v ‘
The gentleman tn the next place
tell us that amidst ail these operations
and, distresses, the people turned
their eyes towards the State Legis
lative for relief. This, Sir. is amu
sing. The people turned their eyes
towards you! \ Nosir, you turned
?our eyes towards them ; but they re-,
iised to look towards you. They
wou|d,not engage in project-*
they were, alarmed you should
attempt; for them, a relief which
they did itot . need. And after all
you * artificial excitements and thea
trical exhibition of distress, h
many memorials. did you ge
You got back with as goo
as you could , and call it fj
We are next brought
and its objects. We .are
founded in falsehood. F
less’ I do not understand
is unjust—-uiw it do untie
That its objects are the extec
territory by conquest, and aid
tyrant of Lurope. I am not
alarmed at these charges, for 1 t
if I mistake not, I have heard th
before.
The objects of tie war are a re
lease of our own citiafens from con
finement, an indemnity for past
injuries, and a suitable pledge for
Tuture security. Fhe war is not un
justf its objects are not conquest or
aid to any tyrant. Wes want ao
more British subjects or refugees o
be added to the nation; we. nave,
too many already ; their deliterious
influence has well high prostrated,
the liberties of our country, I know ,
very.well that the British are and n
gerous neighbors, and 1 yegret ~s
niuch as an* one, that the line of
1783 gave them a territory which will
give them not omy an influence over
the northern states., but will en
able them to urge the Indians to
barbarous massacre. I perceive that
; the northern : states are embraced
by British power. . Fhe ocean, you
. say, is htr exclusive domain ; she is
s on the v oasi, the north and tne west;
and to increase the dangei, she is »n
the mulat of <|er partisans a e
numerous ana powerful. I tiunlc
♦she wul mate pe«w-*tor »he|fedl
Nj. XX II