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most convenient manner that
has ever been offered to our bo
nrvcal Students. Mr. fa
to Timor, J«ew-Holland
and Van Dicuhan’s Uand, whose knowl
edge of inanne zoology surpasses that
of everv other person with whom! have
converged* Mr. Maclure, long known
r our ablest geologist hits now come to
take the field again* with directing and
doing the most interesting works. Ad
miral Coffin, in addition to professional
merit of an exalted degree, is a trea
sure of ichthyological facts ? and much
tnay be expected from hiss'spirited exer
tlofiw to explore the depths of the ocean.
Nor ares these all.”
FEDERALISM AND DEMOCRACY.
We hope that we shall not be said
to mingle in the asperities of either par
ty, when we speculate on the probable
consequences resulting from both. In
this paper, we are proud to say» that
sofar as regards the points in contention
between our fellow citizens, we have no
political opinion whatever. Without
further preface, we will venture a pre
diction , that the two contending parties
under the mmes which now divide them
* will never unite. The terms Federalism
and Democracy excite such bitter feel
ings—the recollections of so many inju
ries, scorns, and indignities bestowed
and requited, so many indignant charges
and recriminations, that they will al
ways become the watch-words of party
ftncoirr. Whichever portion of our
fellow citizens is right or wrong, it does
hot become Us to determine ; but it is
abundantly sufficient for our present,
purpose, that the lines are drawn deep,
and indelible. A fire brand and an
•jcicle 7 seed-time and harvest; sum
mer and Winter, might be expected to
harmonize, as well as our two parties,
under the names which they theybear ;
we venture to say* that the thing is
morrally impossible* It has been, on
various and pressing occasions, attemp
ted , but the sequal has always invaria
bly proved the reverse of all our san
guine anticipations of harmony and con
fidence. This is a compendious picture
of the state of the Union at the present
moment; divisions fatal, deep-rooted,
v irriconcileable divisions corrupt and
poison the very fountains of social inter
course. Men who entertain the same
opinion on the great points of national
policy* are divided,inseparably divided
when they assume their respective po
litical names; men who would go
heartily together for the salvation and
prosperity of their country, who are
governed by high and honorable feelings
turn from fr ends to persecuting ene
mies, by the mere magic of a name.—
Such is the plain state of this nation ;
it presents the novel spectacle of two
parties perfectly agreeing in the
outlines of policy, and yet erttertainim?
such deep-rooted animosity, that they
cannot be brought to act with cordiali
ty, on any political question whatever.
If one declares in favor of a navy, the
other does the same ; is one in favor of
commerce, the other is the same ; does
one party desire the*strengthening our
frontiers and sea-port towns—does it
wish a respectable military force, to be
in a state of readiness for war the other s .
does the same. Qne would suppose,
that if two parties agreed m these grand
and essential points, it would be diffi
cult to conceive what subject they
would have to altercate about. And
yet they do differ as dedtdedl#, and with
as much acrimony now, as they have
ever done at, any , other period. The
question now arises, what will be the
consequence of this bitter acrimonious
spirit, of these parties united & divided in
names lWe think that the answtfr is
plain, and is almost anticipated already,
that these pay ties must, under some other
name, be amalgamated. We have used
the word pay tv in the common accepta
tion of the “term ; but to speak with
truth and sincerity, with the exception of
the name y there is no party ; for both the
fee e ah sis end dcmocra $ now make but
one i the ncm is the oly thing that prv?
vents them from uniting altogether • ihe t
old commercial |ostility of the north a
gainst the south, is rapidly subsiding ;
for commerce is evidently retreating to 5
a southern horizon. During the opera
tion of the embargo, the great merchants
of New-England invested their capital
in manufactures. They have gone too
far in such projects to recede, ahd they
must either stand or fall with the man
ufacturing interests. Commerce, being
in a manner exiled from the , waters of
New England, has already, though a
foreigner, become naturalized in the
south. This will give tb that portion
of the United States a steady and pre-
dominating character for op
in other, words, it will radically change
the politics of the south. Parties/ in
deed", there always f$ be, &hd it is de
sirable that there alwajs shotihd bfcsuch
—ibut the parties in our covnwry Will,
we believe, hereafter be known bf differ
ent names than they now are. We can
not expect, perhaps for centuries to
come, that Europe witness the
burning of such a tremendous political
volcano, as she has lately done. It can
not, therefore, be expected, that the
whole civilized world will participate so
deeply in the event of future commo
tions on that continent. We shall, on
this side of the Atlantic* read with an
easy curiosity, th% contest of the sever
al combatants for crowns and sceptres.
Our political*contest Will be, we, think
exclusively American $ there will be the
opposition of the commercial, agricultu
ral and manufacturing interests ; these
collisions it will be the,duty of the gov
ernment to reconcile* and to reduce to
consistency and order. Such a state
of things will make our Jeelmgs more
exclusively American than they have
hitherto been. Looking upon Europe as
a matter of subordinate. concern, we
shall have no very violent foreign at
tachments or antipathies. As we can
not rationally anticipate, that any other
power will arise ip that quarter to put
the existence of the whole civilized
world in jeopardy we may raljondly
anticipate the’ hippiest re-mits. We
will ask any cand and mam if this is rot a
time, devoiuedly 1,0 be wished for ? Is it
not a time auspicious to,the best inter
ests of our dear and beloved country,
that the terms federalism and democra
cy should sleep together in one common
grave when it is evident, that so far as
regards the point m contention, the par
ties, if they can be called such, differ in
not Hi tig else . Is the mere triumph of a.
name at an election an object of suffi
cient magnitude to set one half of our
fellow citizens in battle array against
the other half ? Those who can con
tend for the reverse of all this, must
say that discord, ought to be eternal,
and that she must be allowed to quarrel
about names, when she is evidently un
able to quarrel about any thing else.
We hope that we are now clearly and
distinctly understood, that there is not
in fact, lit the present moment, but one
party in the United States ; that there
s no general plan, no broad outline of
national policy, in which afi do not
heartily unite : that so far from there
being any partiality pn this point the.
question is, which portion of ouV ieilow
citizens shall go the furthest in the sup
port of those projects in'which we ail
heartily agree. We Ijold further, that
it is beneath the dignity ot a great, ris
ing, and powerful people, to suffer noth -
ing but our names to divide u\ —$ call
a rose fsays SbakespearsJ by any oth
er name, *twil smell as sweet” Never
was there a time so favorable fpi a poli-
Itical union as present , for as re
gards the grand and majestic points of
our national policy, there is nothing
now remaining for us to quarel about
There will, undoubtedly, if such a un
ion takes place ? if our distinctive poli
tical names arfe abandoned be much to
be palliated, much tobe forgiven, and
much to be totally forgotten, there will
be sacrifices worthy, of a patriot. Poli
ticians, of all men living, should learn
to preserve a curb upou their passions.
Ihe honest politician pursues his own
plans with an enlightened zeal, forms
his political friendships, and incurs of
ten, not only political, but even private
resentments, not because they are desi
rable ; but because they are inevitable.
He does .this to procure some great,
substantial, permanent benefit to his
country, and in her prosperity he finds
.a refuge—he hears but to despise the
slanders on his name ; it is sufficient
and more than sufficient for him* that
Ins country is happy. If politics are a
dopted from any other motive ; if men
whether in the cabinet, or out of it,
are governed by principles
from these ; if they profess to feel that
patriotism which they* do not, we can
only say, that they are so utterly ben
eath our contempt, that we feel for them
no other emotions than those of pity for
their degradation.— Nat. Reg. . .
HARMONS’. , -
The. following paragraph, from the
Boston Patriot, a leading democratic
print, is copied with pleasure, as omin
ous of a returning spirit of conciliation
between the two parties m that hitherto
divided state The Legislature ot
Massachusetts, mow in session, will Have
jke of two Senators of the
nJnited-SiiiUs, jj the places of (sen. Var
T-jj ‘""IM *’ v -Hf’ ••-'• •%■ {••• • s vt|
Hum-, whose Mrfn spires n JVtarch tK **•
and of Mr, Gore, who “‘has- reeeriily'l* e ~
signed his seat* It is understood 10 fe”
in contemplation to make a onerous”
effort to bury party fbekngs and party
distinctions. by the app Skitment rtf one *
Senator fron* each of the polical parties
in the States. - A federalist, who kljiU
represent the commercial part of the
community, and a republican, who shall
represent the manufacturing part, will
give a fair representation of the two
great conflicting interests of the State,
as well as the two pdlitical parties which
so equally divide the Commonwealths
As the federalists acknowledge
that at present there exists no grpdn#
for continuing the bickerings of party*
it is presumed such an overture will cor
dially meet the wishes of the minority.
We congratulate the public oiyfhe^re-«
tbrn once more, of mutual forbearance
and conciliation.*’
ATHENS.
Thursday, July li*
EX i KAC 1 S’ OF LETTERS*
Paris,) May, 10—11-
\V ar soon between England [God j
knows who are to be her allies} on one
side and v ßussia, Prussia, and the Neth
erlands on the other.
The allies have taken from Wtiling
ton the command of fheirj joint- armies
in France-
The english wjll be driven from the
continent. Prussia'will take .Hapover,
and the whole of the teritory and navi
gation of the Ems, *of which England
swindled her in the time of her dis
r - tress. .j
To support their pretensions in Ger
many, the English cannot but evacu
ate France, and they must make haste.
, Qnjs event and they will be but a break*
,fast for Frenchmen.
* The Qrange party in France and Ger
* Ifceiiy is no longer a mystery, it is
supposed the will send the duke I
oi Orleans to France, who was very J
{. popular last’year. If he came from \
any where else, lie might neutj alize tlm
Orange party., if you’can call that a par
ty wh en is composed ol all the repub
licans, all the constitutionalists, and all
the Bon apart istsU-in a woyd,, of all
Trance,, excepting the old nobles, valets
and priests- France perceives that the
house of Orange at this day* offers her
the only means of ridding herself o« her
present tyrants, and restoring any Itfijig
lijce vigour or health.
If this great and change
takes place, it will immortalize the enir*
peroi oi Russia. His sister, the prs
sent princess royal of the Nethe.jancks j
is both able and amiable She has in,
herited the mind of a Catharine, and is
a great man in the frame of a woman.
Her husband, a brave and skilful gener
al, fought against the French lor a while
with Wellington; he, however, appre;
elates the two nations and may be the
means of restoring France to honour and ;
liberty.
NoW that Louis the great [ajyresent
que le gros cochan\ and his amiable family*
see that they are to be abandoned by,,-
the English,*they are quite active in
making money. The tigres of Anguu
leme is mad l She foams in rage 1 On
iron cos mantres laches etforoces P r£g
le ierres assez dese*-tts i es. caelierotit ? \
There are sending money to Xnyenca by
an agent, &c. &c* tor in England the*
indignation against them is greaf as
in Franck'and in the re Aof Ei|ro^
General <Carnot,.and the qther dis
tingutshed men who had been in Rus
sia, were expected at Brussels by the
beginning of May. Marshal Souit, gen
eral Vandamrae, Merlin, See. Monsieur
Merlin/ M. Seys, and other eminent
characters are treated there with dis
tinction ; and as these things are now
understood in France, the families of
the refugees are crowded with visiters*
; in spite of police officers or the strugles
of an expiring gpvo foment.
The head quarters of the Austrian/
army are in Uie neighbourhood ol Gre
noble. In all that province in l*yo # .«us,
in Burgundy, the national flag is fly ing
, and the Austrians permit it.
The English were impolitic enough
to put to death, m a moral sense,
poieon Bonaparte. At present ail Eu
rope think only to disembarrass them-
selves of ihem The ‘©f FrodwW
hin her soil apd her population* It i? A
i -.msical That of EHfgland is alto- 1
gether artificial* pv*
T he count D'Artpte i* accused by the
(itifee df-Rictitfieu to have wished to
dethrone hiSbrother in order to take his
place. AU this family are at daggers
pow.. You recollect the picture ot the *
damned reproaching each other with
their crimes* , 4 , .
Havre. Mcy 12* |
I have this instant arrive and from Paris.
AII is consternation among the royal- ■
ists* The people breathe nothing but
Vengeance. i
*The tribunals of blood dare no lon*
gev to There has been with
in three days more than five hundred)
persons arrested*; but they are afraid i
to try them in their hulls. We are on*
the eve of a great explosion. a Our se
paration will not be as long as we ex
pected six months ago.
# \ * * Boston, June 14,»
Separation bf Maine • +.
yesterday the joint committee ,
on the subject, reported to the
senate, that they found the num
ber of votes in Maine for separ
ation was 10 534 —the number
against it 6,49 l—and the whole
number of qualified Voters in the *
towns which furnish the returns,
37,933.
she Committee also reported
a bill providing for the separation
of said district and calling a con
vent! m of delegates for the pur.
pose of forming a constitu ion.
Which report ahd bill were
read, and this day, at 10 o’clock,
was assigned for the second
reading of the bill, and six hun
dred copies ordered to be prin*
ted. A ii i(!f
• ‘ Jf*
”* Steam Boat Powhatan, * *
We may safely say that the
performance of the steam boat
T’pwhattanis exceeded by, few, if
by any other ves .el of her de
scription heretofore constructed.
It has silenced all the objections
of would be’ judges, and com
pletely answefed our most san
guine expectations. In making
her:first trip from Richmond to
Norfolk, an experiment was
made tp ascertain her capacity
fqr towing; the brig Seaman,
Capt. Vickery, laden with 150
hogsheads tobacco, bound down
the. river, yyas lyiv.g wild bound
above what is called the Dutch
Gapv Her was madq_
fast to the Powhatan, and she
towed the.brig, around the Gap
(a bend in the river, counted
eight miles in its circumfluent
course;) in ohe hour and two
minutes, with the wind directly
ahead. This fact proving that
the velocity oft he boat is not re
tarded by. towing vessels of the
largest size that can navigate the
river to Richmond, is of great
importance to the proprietors,
as the boat maybe employed in
carryingfreight without interfer
ing with her other engagements,
The Powhatan started from
Richmond on Saturday at 10 A.
M. with fifty-odd passengers,
and arrived here yesterday mor
ning at half past 8, having suf
fered considerable detention in
on the way,
. &tc. In crossing Hampton Hoads
the wind and waves were un
commonly boi teroyts, but they
had no other effect than to check