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s?lmahdn;qc bis son ibc nvs- ,
ai^?*^sr. Suier>op‘iri>*fT*. bis *» r niit
«-t!*uok aa a^by-abU
%v to epftfny b : s With attoo-*
t:;vi tnu.y s> hV might paint hi y picture
osqb>s<S#s aftd£ nature ;«bid
tiius ibsor-lsd in*
> lt - only noticed the voicV thjf fare,
*’ • action of his father- without mty
in.:- t attention to the, truth or
ijik’-hupy of the charge ”
dapt. Baker arrived at
from St. Thom vs. 10 days, informs,
Ch ;t a number of gen. Bolivar's officers.’
h',,l arrive 4 from the Spmivi
Ma'oe, who relate'! the disl-tei &ot their*
chief and that only about ‘2OO of nismeu
escaped death inflicted by the Spaniards,
‘i he people were 111 ililv enraged at. his
proclamation declaring the. of
the hacks, and instead
V he pciml.ttion, he (BohvtrJ fmftfi
hiUk-seif in t#e“midst of a ferocious pie
aivry, thtro -■ ps. *■ fell
Upon him? “aui annihilated
force;* * ; ■ . •’ 7
% . , |lf v
A paper printed kt Louisville,
jitafea that are four steam boat*
on the waters cf that state : to .wit, the
Despatch from K n u ky
felizabeth, from the upj!br*part*ot %‘p
tuefcy
OHeans i and the Governor SiVeibf, just
ftnfttjjfed at Louisville. f
Bistort, Oetn»er\.o
% \ArssT £RoM FB V^GE
Ship Gov. Carver, Capt. Do en arriv
ed here on Tuesday from Havre de
* Grace, papers to the *5. a
August. Upon an exa mnatioh <T these,
papers, we find nothing of much imereti
to the American reader ‘ sota word is
mentioned of .the famous expedition of
Lord Kxmourh against Algiers. Gc/ic-
th- younger, has beer*
sentenced to death oy a military tribu
nal Fortunately, ;ito saie rn this hap
py land
{ he King of the Motherlands has is-
SU; i positive order- .o ex el icon nis
ddm- ions the e*iU* included in me or
dma*- eof the 24ih Juty* 1 n~y aie as
f () |. « s;—Gens- Vanda.nme, La H i qua,
HuG , Lobau 1 C om tin and Meiiitu t ;
nlessrs. Pa m mere ah G.n-ii-i. L. >e *
1 l Despres, Barrere, Vnau i
Sk razin and Me rim of Donia —Louis
4 N'CuUas ijtmtißi continued m the pris
ons of the Neiue i lands.
1 he time tor the opening of the Diet
of the German Confederation at Fr. nk
lort remained uncertain That Empire
is yet far from being settled*
The did leavan of r.valship between
Prussia and Austria seems to be again
icßihentinj*. V “ 4e -.
In France thingi continued tranquil
and settled. The public 4 stocas were
tiauona.y, but low. Executions for po
jit,cal offences had ceased’ The birtn
day of Louis 18th ffcas of Bt, LoursJ
was celebrated > » the 25th August vri”
gftjat splendor and festivity.
In all ttie nations ol Europe reductions
#f the armed sere. 5 we**e dad, taxing
place-
i rjnslations from the paper.s
PARIS, vug 24*
The trials of ihe uauoib metudvd in
Ihe decree of Julv* 1815, and who arc*in
’ * iftd* hav e ended ; and they
kaW ail been condemned c«niuma
• fy j to deat|SKji he generaL Lalle naad
were the las t condemned. $
terri le quarrelHtook pGce tn« 1 1th
lost. : at Mci.tz, oetween wo parties of
Austrians fc PrubSiaifs in gaiMson there,
They tirad upou each other, and
W eVe Rilled and waduded before tue ot
jfilee'rt Could ‘SUppi CSS i iie riou¥ 4 r.e \
r <v f Bi usseis, Aug* 2L
Numbers of the F ctich exiles remain
©eai his city. M- Pemmercud and
Gavreau ha\ u been arrested oy or »er of
oußkmg. and the lormer ordered out of 1
the kingdom ivi Ai pault ib under sur
veillance. ->i Mcrim, of Douay, remains.
*ick G o. Hutlu* and M- Barrera are
Jbdie wit. other name. Gen-T Lamar
tuv been ordered avypy, add G-n.
is mdght alier. Ocu.
aim M. Courun continue nei‘C|,ahd Gen
at Gueau , j : s
• v. Algiers.
{/’ • * .iIJ-.tng. J IBJ
get.ciui a. aaiiiciHS.oi Ediopc
ama rulecd of America, are tiow o. .
the*” «v.) to the aiuci ol this io ft res’
o* ihd as acGsunt* may saoru>
t>e ti .-.o cii ot heir ©pc; a ions, the
.pubi.c iatnd» -Li ay 3 auxins 4 o: the gfo
i O toe cduiury, j» nru.ar.uly dirdUed
Sff3kk ..UUCJ. U;* A L do tuc Di.J-
Oi tins Ano
e !f£ua.iy a^> 4 -ih> %irti|t*e toe sccae
w -J*- * 1 • a©? &■* 2okrJur,ir ’s?
k so Tfrucle fro mineral knnvfrt
frW sAprehensrsni on Ac me tfirt
;tn3 the bo’fyiiSpiMii the oMier
|£o «r> to ally beyond’ *ll
ilvt if becopaen thedutv .ojfsticli of 1 tic
vjuibllc “journals as profess impart;,*]. :r,
to correct vifcw the actual
sta 4 .? of the entefprizit, of fts cxptdien-
its probable rssu.'.
Upon the fi rht question, the duty and
lypedieO'Ctf of this expedition, we should
have thought that a doubt could not
h ive existed,, an <J at * 5 onr settle tmeufc
in the Med He iraaean have, rendered
that sea in a„, great; pvrta B.hthh chan
nel so it was incnmbeTVt upon
opr commercial interests, as upon our
national dignity, to % cieir that sea of its
igfratek ‘To a commer* ill nation like
Mn&laod. the oceans. seas ? and naviga
ble river?; rre th* highways of Me vprj«
antL it would appear, therefore, o-ir
manifest cfea*’ the of ras
hers and murderers. In all trading qa
■ |rpns the security of the roads has been
regarded a* their first interest. But
the sea, is vre have said, snot ilvs hi • n
road of a mere nation, but the
of the world, the jiueans of inteicoursc
of nation with nation* and rann with
man. It wil] be |cKnowkdged we p*‘e
sumc, fthtft this representation makes
out a stroivg’ case.- and to counter
weigh it, and stronger muse be |«idv out
OP side. But the oaly con
trary argument which we have met with
is alleged difficulty of victua ing
and Malta unless by the Ba;-
bary states. But tais argamqnt i*
grounded upon a supposition that tftc
object of the expednio.i is to
not only the hut the Siatc©
rhcmselves ; nol only tiieu* ci y an.’
forts, but their cu >vaicd fields But
thss we presume is wot the o >j ct of the
expedition. We %hould .hope trut the
purpose is a© root oat the P aus, an 1
; replace *tjicm by. Chnstam ;ar n««r s.
We retain Gib alter m the v«ry t etii of
Spain ; why not Algiers j.% desp.te .of
Morocco ? If ‘he expedition proposes
less than this, the * gu.ihnp.in obj c
tion to it is not without some grounds.
If !t proposes this it will establish in
permanency the security which it pro
poses 10 restored
Another argument has been used a*
gainst not only us expediency but oar
right. It is urged, Mi at tne late mass*
“;cre was that of a mot>, wh ’rising r v > rt
bell ion. a gain at*-- their o#a
and acti ?g in§ despite and and ha i * >
them should not oe con faun led wit.
tfte governme t i tae it ; mala., <j • ‘&*»•_
require as satisfaction for -?uch aa o.i •
rage is,nthat the government snoaoj
av<sw, and in so jar as ts powers
should punish toem ,da tnai s airea
dy done ; it so. But nas not the ex
isting Algetmc g vernmen, acuaily .a
ken up arms to defend the iesoint»©.i ol
the new I>ty and o:vau to - annul the
otmtr ue#y ? Docs not the spnir in
hich the late massocre arose prove the
lolly of ail *acn ;reaii with suen pow
ua ? Mid is not their system onu of
piracy and robbery ; autl with respect
to the alleged passes, English crews fee,
is it not notorious, ('*veare now speaa ,
from to© a tiirti knowledge of cf a Inc ad
-of our ow J is U not, We say notorious
i Avgkrine pirates in order to
get r:u 01 any English, compel them to
walk over Board immediately i.nat*ti*ey
take the vessel, and then carry the ves
ael, ini'* port as tne ship another
t|bn*’ This custom is «• uiuch; a iwatr
ter ot course, that tne pirates eXecute ic
With as much eoolnc&s as ci usity Tacy
lay an inclined plank iron vessel
side, and compel uic crew, on* by ua
• ant iy of them, only a* are
iwa a into toe sea Psrua ».□ ,ne pro
babie issue of this expedition, we should
hope that |«cre Cun be n > doubt of a
ter dkation suited tp.Che present gl >ty
of the English arms-; it is perfbcily
true that “Algiers is not in so deplorable
a. state oi wea&hess as fias heen rep re
Seated m some our papers, and that
two sail oi the line will ccruimy not b<.
su.fu eit to ninj.w ani destroy u
Bdt as so many p.jweiu iiav© pr#/eedad
a 4i,Giie tait- We WU* aiiMbs«
.. Xe upon ourselves »b say that at icai,
\aaiy sail of t.ie me wdi ke laid abieas.
of it* arid as we nave a.iig«u to fecaon
upon the| characterise t gallantry oi
Englisa scaiucn, we ye periectly tran
quil as to the event. Inc battle wot
certaiiuj oe lor»indabic. The
ale stated to have neatly taree tiund ed
ptoces oi caunou cuir mandtng taeir ©JM ‘
‘boy i and amongattn© lencg-does they
will doUßtless hhd wretches wu»
.fill srrve and manage them* oi. a
Beet wnicn succecdsd a.
,can hive nompig to fear a .Algiers- '’
Via the f eVcfitoi the success ot tire cxr
on in expelimg tho Algerines, of
w’jir.h we caftfic£?&'iow otirselvc; lo ; en
tertain any jjkuiyxtV ane-o! t*.vo
!*» V* - fir.ifc js Hiu of citUVe^-
J'nJC th-. se towns and cities into ilie hand
>pf.. 5 * Or. -as m et., *v•rs of
dominions, and tt*€ *&rcond tU*»t of
establishing in them Chmugn-g&rrt*?ni
TV c Vill irot a(W purse! v«s a in -jmentai
ry consideration of the former, as it
must be as repugnant to the feelings, of
our readers, as ive feel it, t« be to %
own’ minds. We m\tst express oar
hopes that the toiler writ be adopted and
we must confess thjMTwe ,sec same*” thf
ficuities in accomplishing it out they are
neither inshperaWf nor too ranch nor
too many for the impdfrtane* of the ob?
ject- Wc certifinlyMsee no reason why
w$ s&puld not meet rh<* ignore at: and
fanaticism of Mahometihs by flier civilfl?
eatron and tempered i zeal of Christian
nations an 1 why we slv-mul-not
funder a manifest op 6&
i%i- the establishment of a
CiiriiUia £-mgirc or* the coasts
,of th£ vieduerransaa Oid of
tht evils ol ihe present u ne \ 15
unuoaotediy itit excess ol our
popuuuon beyond our ac'utl
means. vVoaii it noi apj.n?,
that tile moll natural re me ly
would be what was me remedy
of the nations >f the ancie,u.
world tinder similar cucuimtan*
ce» colonisation. v
Ihe - present *S’jvereigis of
Africa* o>* of the
ittnanean, re four *, the tir&t
oi he Lnapjrpr t oio-
|he oiner airee\3re ihe
Dey U Algiers, ihe bey of IV
hi-%-\ai-1’ hie Bey *of%rrips|i.
Oar first bUMueas is with uie
i)ey oi Algiers, and *herwards
wuh the B yo ol and
Tunis* £„ is a mater of some
do.?, jpirntterme Empexpr of
. jCc * (iw so we presume
wc u tat call this barbarian) *ill
not declare his neuiraiuy, and
renew the piece for mra*cl£
’ *nyrr'■”■'■■ 1. •• ‘■• * : ?£&&&&?
: AT HEMS,
Thursday, NbYfcAißq r r
■■■■ ■.mi - v*» . . wUMMMkg|Ma» -
FOR THE GAZETTE, ( ‘ >
COMMERCE.
Commerce may be defined t© be the
exchange of the hatij|pl>; spjartificial>
productions of one country fofr ihpsy of
another, either by way of barter, or re
presentative signs of their value. The
mqst early mode of carrying
was evidently by barter- In this stale i
will bor manifest t© riiimV
that commerce was nearly coeval w in
the creation, and that it was suggested
by its milky to convenience of do
na *stic life. But after a
increase of population the coaauiereial
intercourse of men became -nore exten
ded, and instead of Sts being intends.l
only to supply their tie cess* ies, ptrbtit
became an inducement. This gave t*£e
gj© the invention of representative sign, 4
ot the value of commodities. In this
situation, commerce at ore -ent cits,
though conducted on a for m- re exten
sive scale than formerly. Ad?hough it
be denied that commerce pro
gressively increasing with-r Hte exten
sion of tri|4e praddcad t luxury and -.ex
cess and thereby secretly
th* simplicitr of mannersnnd perverted
the primeval?state of society ; yet the
increase ot mankind, and the consequent
peopling of different parts of tije world
r.eydsred’thexorvtinuation of commerce
v necessary to their comlbrt and sup
port-
Instigated by the desk e cf v/in, met
have made those tujsrercus ciscovencs
which ley bid for v.gtrs ; alike regerdie-s
oi difficulties and dangers, the peasing
prospect Os acquiring nebes and prefer
n et.is ai inwtd them to iresh tngage-
Ctctiis, ltd a lejUiilotv ci these, c penal
ie&siVe of tr hc r o*z
tvs* i x Vft'atexer wcr* the motive* vr
those d\r m * enter qriz*. s oßformer age*;,
it mube Cos »fess-d thoi w ■* oLtf*is a £«r
are grea|ly inrfebted tc/tlutm P,r mains
of the c6n?forts and pf life#-
fjie advantages pfj|pmmcrce arc m-il-
and conspitsiipus. ‘ Bnt i r won A
be.pttlile »n arty nation >o cuctiiru": it
only in proportion ter it* mtfbary re»
sources. Althei-gu comm fee m some
decree is undeniably benefita! to a i-a*
tion. yet it is equally evident that it 19
attended witjj its evils oc raiher !\ .i
beep frequently She subject of abuse.—*•
By rcferir.g to ttie history of nati ns»
Oic fatthfui reeprds of all ages will . -
sentub with some m controvertible fac r s«.
We will find ll#ut conm.eioiai iuii»* n*
l?hve shrays been d. or i w
greatness fleeting, or their happn.
transitory. At .present it is very and tj*
cult to find a person wlio i> not pi*eju«#
and eecl in favor qS* an extensive commercti
But it is aitvays proper to e truer
punches how disagreable soever they
may be tOrthe hor prejudiced. Is
is aiwayrj ah utygraciou?. to contest
generally received opinions, as me m<*
quirerht»s to contend not only with b:d
subtilly of argument but w.’.h the p.*s
sions and .prejudices of men. It would
inert* foi e tic no easy ‘mailer.to convince
the, respect aide body of mere bruits lit
the United htsttes, that commerce r*
only of secondary importance i » a na
lion, and that its we--ii.li and power art
principally ho.n ns fertility ol :
bou which is (lie bn* us hi ah n t.anai
gatatuess, aiufdhe only sure luirtidaUOu
on which an empire can be rsmeu.**—
And y»itii ninety be everted that*
Ihe -f people .do confi lenny
believe,' ’ tlui a. nation increase . in pow
er and opulence or remains weak juA
ai.jcct Iti^proportion to iluir encourage-
Went o! cd;f«mci oe .but it is a lit a
? tiul .ruuVaie that the Tynans wound
timir accounts sp unfavourable for thc;nu
and to the pbTiubal opinion oC
the piescfit age. But s hat it still worse*
rhe. Uarthagcuiank with ail ‘heir wa.iut
and.extensive commerce should a laUjf
b.miiat to that of ilia Tyrian*. Arm t€
wt will approach Beater to cur ovr*
times we w iii find that Jie ia-anstaiio
confederacy affords not a single argil?
ment in favour of the pos tion »h<*t com*
fierce alone will insure national gr at
nessi It would be foolish to >y?£pccs
tnatany nation can lor a
period emjoy an undisturbed coivunei
without nniiiary strength to support it*
Tor notwithstanding the faith,of ticat cs.
and of several other civil insuuiuon-,
the weak arc to lac ag
gressions pf the strong Tor military
power, guided by superior ek.ib wll
always determine the uesumes til im»
lion / ai ctjustice and nmnamty wid at*,
ways pc dibrtguiticd by lie evil cii* po-*
ted. Yv uiioui a support ot this to f#
an i xVeusive cen nu ice will involve is
ncticii in fhexincotk .ii
ter tins ijkliect.on’ it. s not sui i*m
h and that i yit ich be tine t..c
liiah ccnqueier, or u oto
Home. \Vith these slates coruniefCo
was tfieir main dependence, and wnl%
such states wai must be t xtieir.etj c
■ uiudrve, icr it impedes ci uimerer, o.i
which hinges their very existence# <c
wou:d‘bc uncoiußien tor any comma-*
Ciai na: on to enjoy ihe biessuig. et
peace k£»**,k s for ll *c tx»uil;niiciiy ol u»cit*
cx nee rut* li.c onpcrtuiicc and extent ‘ f
und %e may tcia ir.o
restless muuic ol cpoin;crcc whiefk
searches tdUseas and pervade# «.l coua
tnes, cannot fail of clashing w.th
interests ol other Qaiionv cl »«.riugj
with their policy and oi finally tcrrmiv -
ting in open % war. Besides coiiii. en *
by introducing luxury thereby uiMioy*
public spirit aud vinue without wimi i
ißis impossible for a democratic*.! go/-
emmentfo be permanent.
It is difficult to determine any data
for theprolit commerce
its advantages are so blended wt h
tlie produce of ite earth, & ma»|| t *cu.-
rC c Sorf >t »s Tmpossible to tcpaia s
obierts so intimately connected- But
when we allaw ’.hat comitVarce by the
intercourse it induce/ oimrb nes tr>
and to d.iiuse kuovi -
with those i emit menu wm<;:\
proceed from human we raise
ts Value fisher ;n the scale ol impor
temee lK,n The ‘rigid who «*-
tiniatfes it by p H But wh .t
--, vt;r ~a y be the pi evil on foreign can..
r- er re. its ikeung and precarious nature
tends trreatiy to dimmuft »u impovtaw.o,
to anv « ationr Besides tor iu situ, it/
mariumy power, c.r navui sdpcno,»-y is.
nete.uary, wbicfi also uds
many f contmgeut • <ncu«ulm4lViam.es,
icr WithhP OUl* oVt U V, utr.\w