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T H E S ENTI N E L. William £. Jones. Culms —For the semi-weekly paper, Five Dollars pe annum, f paid in advanee or Six Dollars, f paid ax the end of the year For the weekly paper, Three Dollars in advance, o! Four Dollars at the end of the year. No subscription taken for less than a year,and no paper discontinued till all dues are paid,except at the option of the Editor. A.DVKRTISKMKNTS wiil be inserted the first time at Seventy-Five Cents per square, and Thirty-Seven and a Half Cents for each continuance : Monthly andother Advertisements, not published semi-week ly Seventy- Five Cents per square for each insertion on busines must be post paid. RAIL ROADS. From the Southern Advocate. PROPOSED KAIL ROAD. Connexion between the interior of Georgia, and some navigable point on the Tennessee River. It strikes us that there is no seetion of our country so much in want of commercial facil ities, and so utterly dead to their necessity and importance, as that of North Alabama. Pos sessing a climate of rare salubrity, an agricul tural surface scarcely paralleled for its beauty and fertility, it wants nothing but more abun dant and expeditious channels of intercourse with tho neighboring States, to make it the most desirable region in our whole South-west ern territory. Nature may do much, but she rarely does all for man. Something must be left to his own labor and enterprize. It is by a struggle with difficulties, by overcoming obstacles, that his highest genius, his noblest energies are dis played. YVhat has made the Western part of New York a world of itself l What has con verted the forest into cultivated fields—the lit tle village, of yesterday, into a splendid mart of commerce, to-day I The genius of man, co operating with those facilities with which na ture has surrounded lhe path of his enterprize ! If the friends of Internal Improvement in the great State of New York, (a Slate, in com parison with which many of her sisters arc mere pigmies in the scale of moral power, and physical resource,) had been awed by common difficulties in the road to success, she would not now be crowned with the imperial diadem of wealth and commerce. The South, generally, is beginning to he more alive, than heretofore, to the subject of Internal Improvement. She must be so if she means not to dwindle into absolute insignifi cance. She must have rail-roads, canals, and turnpikes, if she means to preserve her power, invigorate her prosperity, and sustain the lan guishing form of commerce. South Carolina Has taken a noble stand in this matter, Georgia is following in her footsteps, and Alabama must do the same thing. A large portion of the citizens of Georgia are anxious to form a Rail Road connexion be tween Athens, or some oilier favorable place, in that State, and a good navigable point on the Tennessee river, say about the Suck. This subject was much agitated at Knoxville be tween the Delegates from Georgia and Ala bama. The Georgians are deeply impressed with its importance. The Delegation from that State determined, while at Knoxville, to call a Convention, on their return home, to he held at Macon, sometime in the month of November, to take into consideration the subject of Inter nal Improvements generally—and more espe cially to bring to the notice of the people of that State the policy and advantages of a Rail Road connexion between the interior of Geor gia and some such point, as already suggested, on the Tennessee river; thro’ the medium of which the South-Atlantic ports (Charleston and Savannah) may be made accessible to a vast extent of Western and Southwestern territory. We are convinced, from all we heard and saw on that occasion, that the Geor gians are in earnest—that this improvement is practicable—and that it is of infinite importance to the interests of both States. Alabama is bound to meet Georgia on liberal and magna nimous ground—she must look at this project, study it thoroughly, and not pause until she has put her hand to the enterprize. Let us examine into the nature and impor tance of this connexion: Tho Tennessee river although tributary to the Ohio, is quite equal to that stream for steam boat navigation from its mouth to the point of the Lookout mountain, in tho State of Tennes see, a distance of 450 or 500 miles, with the exception of that portion embraced by the Mus cle and Colbert’s Shoals. Indeed, it is the on ly stream of the West which perforates entire ly the great Cumberland chain of mountains so as to adm.t of good navigation through them. Nothing then remains, to obtain the proposed connexion between the Atlantic and an immense portion of the West and the ad jacent. South, but to remove the obstruction at the Shoals, and to extend the Georgia Rail- Road from Athens, or any other convenient place which the Georgians may designate, to the point of the Lookout mountain. To counteract the oostructions at the Shoals, as our readers are already aware, a Rail-road, 42 miles in extent, has been constructed from - Decatur to Tuscumbia landing, and has for some years been in successful operation by which all the country above the Muscle Shoals, extending beyond Knoxville, even into the State of Virginia, has been supplied with groceries and other heavy articles of importa tion. As another means of overcoming these ob structions, a canal for steam-boats was pro jected some years ago by the General Govern ment. Os the condition and prospects of that canal our readers have been, from time to time, informed. 11 3-4 miles will be completed in a short time, and ready for operation the en suing winter. Its dimensions are GO feet in width, and G feet in depth, with locks 32 feet wide and 120 feet long. This portion of the canal overcomes 85 feet of fall, and renders navigable ranch tho most difficult part of the Shoals ; so that all that region of country, lying above them will derive great benefits from the facilities afforded by the canal in its present State. At low stages of the water this ob struction will continue to embarrass the navi- Sation of the river. The unfinished portion of le canal, it is estimated by Colonel Kearney, Will cost about I,(Hitt,(Hit). The funds gran- Htf'l by the General Government for this work ■Miiioariy exhausted. May we not -hope that power, when the importance of tins iif' m -re in ati i,v being cinii -r - - >'‘ i i i.-ispi ivemi'iits, to.-;. ami ,ia ke I in; .Ugadi-':; .'-I . put; m ! v • r '' !l "' I•1! I i, -i: !. I State.- State of Alabama, would probably be made to intersect this line of communication, at or near the Tennessae river, and thus would open to South Alabama an extensive connexion with both the East and the West. To point out what an extended system of improvements may be ultimately brought into connexion with this road, we must examine some ot the schemes already in agitation. — Measures are now taking to continue the De catur and Tuscumbia Rail Road to the Missis sippi river. Charters have been obtained for the whole route, and the stock has actually been subscribed for the Western end, from Memphis to Lagrange, a distance of 60 miles, leaving only 80 or 90 miles to uuite these por tions and make one continuous line of Rail Road, of 170 or 80 miles, from Decatur, at the head of the Muscle Stioats, to the town of Memphis, on the Mississippi. Let us cast our eyes over the map and en deavor to balance the cost of 150 miles of Rail Road against the immense advantages which would result to Alabama from its con struction! Take every difficulty and expense into view, and how paltry would be the sum total compared with the ultimate gain f The commerce of the East would be brought to our doors, and the entire trade of a large portion of the West could be made to circulate through our borders by building only 150 miles of Rail road ! When the work is done, the distance from Charleston or Savannah to North Alabama could be run in three days and one night, say finished on the morning of the fourth day.— Nashville could be reached in four days from the same points—The mouth of the Tennes see river in six days; that is, in three days over the Rail Road to the Suck—the night following by steam boat to Decatur, and thence by Rail Road 44 miles iu Tuecumbiu, and from that point by steam boat to the mouth of the river in two days more. From the mouth of the river the same boat could reach Louisville, Nashville, or St. Louis in two days, thus making eight days from Charleston or Savannah to either of these cities. Should the Rail Road from Tuscumbia be extended through the Southern border of West Tennessee to Memphis, then, that place could be leached in 51-2 or 6 days, thence Little Rock, in Arkansar, the upper Red River country, and even Texas might be brought within the range of these improvements. The advantages which would result from the construction ot this chain of interior com munication seem to us almost incalculable. The States of Georgia and Alabama, large portions of Tennessee and Mississippi—all the country lying upon the Ohio River below the Falls—and upon the Mississippi and its tribu taries from Memphis to the Falls of St. Antho ny—would participate to an extent, at present scarcely conceivable, in the trade and inter course flowing through these channels. Esti mating transportation at the rates usually paid on similar water courses, for like distances, we may safely conclude that transportation from the mouth of the Tennessee to the point of the Lookout mountain would not exceed 50 cents per 100 lbs. From that place the pro ductions of the West, destined for the con sumption, of the interior ot Georgia, North and South Alabama, could be conveniently and cheaply distributed by Rail Roads. The time required io perforin the passage from the mouth of the Fennessee to Charleston or Savannah would be about sor 6 days. We will not be so hold as to assert that commerce will be at tracted along this channel of communication, from the country bordering on the Ohio river above the Falls, or even from Louisville ; but we believe it would not be extravagant to sup pose, that Missouri, Illinois, and the region watered by the Wabash— countries equal” if not superior, in fertility and productiveness, to any portion of the West, and which will in a short time yield the bread stuffs, provisions, &c. required by the cotton growing States of Georgia and Alabama, would take this route in preference to any which could be presented. We have thus laid before our readers some general views in relation to the importance of a Rail Road connexion between some naviga ble point on the Tennessee river and the inte rior of Georgia. That State is alieady en gaged in the construction of an extensive sys tem of improvements within her borders.— Cbaiters have been obtained for roads running from Savannah to Macon, Forsyth, &c. which roads will probably be extended' to the line of road to the Tennessee river; and, in this way, we shall have a choice of the ports of Charles ton and Savannah. YVe might here enlarge upon the advantages which would result, especially, to Huntsville and the contiguous country, from the consum mation ot this important enterprize ; but our limits will not permit us to dwell longer on the subject. To be able to travel to New York in 6 or 7 days—to have our merchandize delivered here in the same time—to command the mar kets ot the West—are benefits, the importance of which it requires no warmth of imagination powerfully to enforce. From the Miner’s Recorder. Tlic Western a.nd Atlantic Rail Road. Mr. Editor. — While so much of public at tention is directed to the subject of Internal Improvement in the States adjacent to us by Rail Roans, designed to traverse extensive tracts of country, and bind together whole communities in the strong bonds of mutual interests, it is absolutely necessary that the citizens ot Georgia should immediately adopt some general system in furtherance of those grand designs, a like advantageous to every great section of our own State. In attempting this, every thing like local interests, prejudices and feelings should be sacrificed at the shrine ot the greatest public good. Georgia has such natural advantages by her Geographical position between the East and the West, and at the termination of the Apalachian chain of Moun tains, ns to invite most strongly the transit of any great Road from the East' to the West, across her Territory. If the proper means of transportation could be had, the trade of both the South-west and the North-west, could be poured into the bosom of our State, as it seeks ports on the Atlantic Ocean from which it could be exported, or countries in the South where it would be consumed. I will not stop to dilate on the incalculable advantages to be derived from such a state of things, but pro ceed to show, that in conjunction with what is now being done in our own State, and in those around us, this most desirable object can be obtained. Our first great object should be to procure the passage of the contemplated Rail Road from Cincinnati to Charleston, through Georgia. I know that many are disposed !o despair of that object, but those who do, certainly have not duly considered the subject, ft is presumed, that the Charter will bo so amended as to embrace Georgia amonv the other States interested in this great enterprise: and there can be no doubt that when the stock shah have been taken and the company organized, they will direct their enquires when they come to locate the road, to two objects. |G>t. W Inch will he the cheapest route, and when completed, will yield the Stockholders. Any ••xaimiieil t Reports I!ir late K llly-ali.-tie.l t hut 1 1,,■ tli-ttl which will be much more expensive in the con- 1 etruction of the Road, and whicli will make the road much less profitable after it has been built. It they should, the West will abandon the enterprize. The State should at the ap proaching session of the Legislature, grant a liberal clvarter, similar to that granted by the State of Kentucky, Tennessee, North and South Carolina, and provide as Kentucky has, that after passing the Blue Ridge in Rabun County, that a Rranch of the Road should be brought along down the Chattahoochee Ridge to some central point or points in Georgia.— That this is practicacle, so far as the most for bidding mountainous part of the route is con cerned, we have the assurance of Mr. Thomp son, tl e Engineer of the Georgia Rail Road, and of Col. Brisbane, one of the most scien tific and distinguished of the South Carolina Engineers, and that too without the necessity of any stationary engine on any part of the route. Let us suppose that one main branch of this great North-western road, bringing the produce and manufacture of Western Pennsylvania of Ohio, Indian", Kentucky and Tennessee, should be carried a'oug the Chattahoochee Ridge to where the Ridge between the Oconee and Ocmulgee routes intersect it, thence down that Ridge eight or ten miles west of Madison, in Morgan county, by Monticello to Milledgeville. Then cast your eye over the charters granted by the last Legislature, and over the map of the State, and you will per ceive, that by extending the Georgia Rail Road thirty miles west ot Athens, it would intersect this main branch. An extension of the con templated road to Madison of only eight or ten miles, would again intersect it. Near the same point, a road might diverge to Forsyth, a distance of some twenty-five miles which, by moanc ” e I’nntpmrilaied Road to West Point, and of that to Montgomery in Alabama, would complete the line of road continuously from Charleston to Montgomery. Continuing from Forsyth to Macon, by the Forsyth and Macon rail road. And thus uniting the termina tions of the Central rail road at Macon and Milledgeville, it would make the line of rail road complete to Savannah. Charters have also been granted to construct rail roads from Macon to Brunswick, and from Macon to Columbus. Thus the bringing a branch of the Cincinnati rail road into the centre of Georgia, would secure the trade of the North-west, and ultimately, its distribution to all parts of the State. Oar next great object should be to secure the trade of the South-west, by diverting a portion of that which flows down the Mississippi and her tributaries across the country to the Atlantic Ocean. This may be effected by a rail road from some point on the Chatta hoochee Ridge, along the Valley of the High tower, to or near the Alabama line,thence the most direct and practicable route through North Alabama to the Tennessee River, below the Muscle Shoals, to meet the contemplated rail road from Memphis to that place. This route would also pass near the upper termination of the VVetumpka rail road, on the Coosa, and near the lower termination of the Ilighwassce ra 1 road, on the southern line of Tennessee. The writer is not so sanguine as to suppose, that all this great extent of rail road will, or can be immediately accomplished or even undertaken ; but to point out the importance of adopting some systematic means to bring a portion of the trade of the West into Central Georgia, that it may be thence distributed to every portion of the State, and to the surround ing States by the enterprise of those com panies that now are or may hereafter be in corporated for that purpose. Having already been so prolix, I have not space in this communication, nor did it enter into my design, to enlarge on the political ad vantage to be derived from the success of the enterprize of thus connecting the East and the West together Every one must 6ee, that it would be one of the strongest bonds of that Uuion of the States which we are so anxious to perpetuate. If contrary to our most ardent wishes, and our most strenuous exertions, , a dissolution of the Union should ovor to ed by the Fanaticism of the present age or by that factions spirit common to all tiniest it will remain a strong and bright chain passing trough the centre of the Southern States, binding togyther those who have a common interest and making the Farmers of the great provision States of Kentucky and Tennessee, feel the necessity of a close and intimate connexion with the plantation States of the Carolina**, Georgia and Alabama. A MEMBER, of the 'ate Knoxville Convention. COMMUNICATIONS. Louisville, Ga. ) August 24h, 1836. \ The Jefferson Rifle Company convened at Louisville, on Friday the 19th inst. to partake of a Dinner w r hich had been ten dered by the citizens as a testimony of their respect for services rendered by the com pany in the late Creek campaign. The company after being addressed in a very eloquent and handsome manner bv Col. Roger L. Gamble, (to which Capt. P. S. Lemle very appropriately and feelingly re plied) sat down together with a large and respectable number of the citizens of the county to a sumptuous dinner prepared by Mrs. Shelman. After the removal of the cloth, the following regular and volunteer toasts were drank amidst loud cheers, after which the company dispersed in the utmost harmony and good order. REGULAR TOASTS. Ist. Ihe United States: A confederacy of Sovereigns protected and held together not by force or fear, but by the broad shield of public opinion. 2nd. The Constitution of the U. States : Ihe bond of our union—let no paricidal hand do it violence, it will live uud flourish in perpetual verdure under just legislation and public opinion, but will decay and per ish under proclamations and force bills, the offsprings of tyranny and oppression. 3rd. The strength of our Country: The bt a very and patriotism of her sons—not in building fortifications to rob the treasury and thereby afford the panders of power an excuse to rob the people. 4th. James Madison: One of the chief apostles of liberty ; the doctrines contained in bis resolutions of ’7O and ’9B, are can nonized to freemen by his death. sth. I lie Jefferson Rifle Company: 1 hey have nobly offered their services and lives upon the altar of their country—the richest sacrifice freemen could offer or freemen receive ; their patriotism is appre ciated ; Jefferson delights to honor her whom honor is justly due. rapturous applause with w hich received, had subsided. a v*■ r \ happy ami li.e i ■!i11•:;i- Jlfew l i> r !■ - to occupy the places of greatest danger ; \ spoke of the kindness of the ladies of Louis ville and vicinity in issisting to equip his company for ther march, and wound up by offering the following sentiment. The Ladies of Louisville and vicinity who voluntarily offered their services in the equipment of our company : For their ardent patriotism we admire them, and for its generous exercise in our behalf, we greet them with all the strength of a soldier’s re gard. 6th. The Army and Navy : The two arms of our national defence—May there be no strife between them but that patriotic emulation of promoting the honor and de fence of their common head. 7th. The Militia : Sleeping thunderbolts laid up in the armory of freedom, always ready for use against any assaults upon the temple of liberty. Bth. Gen. Scott: We are are not among his advocates or defenders ; but we view as destructive of the army and the principles of our institutions, the disgraceful manner of his recall from the command of the ar my. 9th. Gen. Jessup: The course he has pursued in supplanting a superior, is un worthy the officer and the character he has heretofore sustained, and is calculated tu bring reproach on that arm of oui na tional defence of which i lt > has heretofore been so bright an ornament. Alas ! the degeneracy ofthertimes. 10th. Capt. Jernigan and his command : They have earned for themselves unfading laurels in their gallant defence of our South ern border. The country is under heavy obligations to them, which ought promptly and without stint to be cancelled. 11. The Georgia Volunteers and Militia: In the late campaign, they have proved themselves to be good soldiers and adequate to the defence of our country in any emer gency. 12th. Texas : In her struggle for Free dom and Independence, may the God of battles crown her with victory and award her that success wtiich the purity of her cause demands. 13th. The Fair : They sweeten the plea sures and alleviate the ills “that mortal man is heir to.” “ Without the smile from partial beauty won, “Oh ! what were man ; a world without a sun.” VOLUNTEER TOASiS. By the President of the Day, Col. It. L. Gamble. The Creek Campaign: From the eagerness with which all parties rushed “*° tbe rescue,” we have abundant testi mony that so far as the essential rights of the country are involved, it is obvious to all there is but one party in Georgia. By Jno. H. Newton, Ist V. President. Washington and Jefferson counties, and their volunteei’s in the late campaign : Sis ter counties—their sons acted like brothers together. By Col. D. T. Smith. The Federal Union upon nrj, A p-inoiploo, upon tho prln ciples of the Constitution, should be esteem ed as one of the greatest of our national blessings ; but a union upon the principles of the Proclamation and Force Bill, should be viewed as a great national calamity by the American people. By E. R. Carsewell. Gen. Glascock : He has shown while in Congress, that he carried from Georgia a Southern heart, which power can neither awe nor corrupt its allegiance, and he has exhibited a man ly independence of party trammels, and an uncompromising regard for his duty to his constituents, which if it was more common, it would be well for the South. By John Campbell, Esq. Old Jefferson : Ever ready with her sons in the shape of volunteers, to meet the foe of her country. Georgia should be, and is, proud of the old county and her patriotic citizens. By Lieut. Spirksman. Gen. Sanford, who commanded the Georgia forces in the late Creek campaign : A brave and gen erous man ; he treated Volunteers with great respect, knowing them to be gentle men : the volunteers should respect him. By Ensign Connelly : Col. Williamson of Newton county, Commander of the 2nd Regiment Georgia Volunteers: The soldier and gentleman ; for his polite and kind at tention to those under his command, he de serves their kindest feelings. By Asa Holt, Esq. The JefFerson Rifle Company : Like the Jefferson Cavalry, al ways ready when their country is invaded. By Serg’t. Lewis Lampp. Captain Lemle, we will toast, Who was firm anil promptly at his post; With firmness would defend his right, And ever anxious tor a fight. And in the time of art alarm, There was no fear, bill fill’d with charm Where he thought the red skins would appear, He’d straightway inartdt his company there. The sick with care he did attend, N«r could we have had a belter friend Who did o’er his little band preside, In being their counsel and their guide. By llobt. Gordon. Col. Beall : A brave and chivalric officer ; his pursuit of the Indians into the Chickasawhatchie swamp, deserves and entitles him to the ap pellation of the “ bravest ofthe brave.” By Win. W. Tilly. Major Cooper, of the 2nd Regiment Georgia Volunteers : lie commanded our affections fur his kind at tentions to his command, and has won our admiration by his soldierly and brave con duct as an officer. By Jno. W. Whigham. Fellow soldiers and fellow citizens: let nothing split our harmony and peace, but peace at home and pleasure abroad, and when the savage foe, the yellow rascals, will come out of the swamp, we can take Jernigan and his little band, the stewart boys, and whip them.— May the laurels of Jernigan and the Stew art boys never fade. By A. E. Harris, of Burke co. Capt. of the Jefferson Troop: llis lule Florida campaign, is praise—Ma\ lie rEc fbnr By E. Attaway, of Burke. Jefferson 6 County: For bravery and patriotism has i been surpassed by none. May liberty and : independence be the reward of her devo- < tion to freedom. i By A. W. Turner. May the first Mon day in October next .r>.C?e to be the eter nal death of Van Buren an (’Johnson. By Moses Sinquefield, of Pulaski. The Jefferson Volunteers, Riflemen and Caval ry : Brave and intrepid, always ready to serve where duty calls them, as has been fully proved by their conduct in the Creek and Seminole campaigns. By A. S. Paul, of Burke. Capt. Philip S. Lemle: A firm and decided patriot, a humane, brave and accomplished officer ; with unwearied dilligence he and his brave companions sought the savage foe—they failed, but the fault was not theirs. By Thos. 11. Pelhill. The Jefferson Riflemen and Hussars : In peace as gentle as the breeze, but in war, as terrible as the lion. By A. S. Bryon. John C. Calhoun : The triumphant vindicator of State Rights —May he be the next President. By Alex’r Gordon. Oh, may we always cultivate that spark of republicanism that our forefathers taught us when called on to cut down and lay low the savage foe. By R. Boyd, Eoq. .Stntc» R ighto • T'llO cement of the Union, the palladium of our liberties, as a sovereign State, Georgia will not permit any interference in the policy of her institutions,no matter by whom attempt ed, or from whence it may emanate. By S. D. Lemle, Esq. of Pulaski. The Pulaski Volunteers: Brave and generous, they had only to be convinced that an al most defenceless frontier was bleeding un der the tomahawk and scalping knife of the merciless savage, and with the spirit of Spartans they rushed to the rescue. By L. C. Matthews. The Jeflerson Ri flemen : They have done their duty as gentlemen and soldiers, and would have returned a good report had it been their good fortune to have met the enemy—We cordially welcome them back to their friends and families. By W. 11. Batty. The brave and pat riotic Volunteers of Jefferson: Long may they be remembered by the citizens of the county. By Jno. R. Cook. Honor to all that honor is due, But office-seekers will not do. By Ivy W. Gregory. The memory of J. F. M. Tarver, A. G. Snelman, A. W. Walker, A. 11. Harvey: Though dead, they will live in the hearts of their country, men. By James Little. The Volunteers of Jefferson county : f hey deserve the thanks of their fellow citizens, without the admix tures of the reproaches of the envious and selfish. By Augustus Lawrence. Major J. C. Alford : The Commander of the Georgia Battalion of Cavalry ; brave and generous, he merits and should have our suffrages on the first Monday in October next. By James Bigham. Capt. P. S. Lemle, our commander in the lute campaign against the Creek Indians : tor his brave and hu mane conduct, he merits and should receive public approbation. By Robert Little. Capt, Lemle and his patriotic corps : They were brave enough to volunteer their services in the face of dangei ; they went as soon as they were called on and done all that men could do under the circumstances they were placed. By H. Arrington. Woman: Man’s best liiend ; he who would sacrifice a virtuous woman, should himself be sacrificed. By J. K. Turner. May the sons of Georgia always treat the Abolitionists as thieves and robbers. By T. J. Harvey. The Southern peo ple : May they settle down upon their in terests and make Hugh L. White the next President. By Thos. J. Murdock. Capt. Campbell : For his bravery, patriotism and humanity in the late t lorida campaign, he deserves to be remembered on the first Monday in October next. By Dr. N. B. Cloud. Our hostess Mrs. Shelman : The banquet we enjoy—’tis worthy the hospitality and patriotism of Jefferson county. FOR THE SENTINEL. THE SUPREME COURT. NO. 1. The time cannot be far distant when the legislature as Georgia will organize a Su preme Court; and it is extremely desira ble that we should have a good one. There is no better way of securing s uch an one, than by bringing the subject to public dis cussion ; and if the views which I am about to submit, answer no other purpose, they may be profitable to this extent at least. 1 invite objections to them ; imposing no other restrictions upon the objector, than that he take no exceptions to them, without substi tuting others which are less exceptionable : for it is the common error of man to oppose what is faulty, without considering whether it can be bettered, or whether it be not bet ter than nothing. 1 have premised this much, because I am about to propose a plan of a Supreme Court which is entirely new, and which will pro bably encounter serious opposition from this cause alone. In order to prepare the reader for its re ception, I beg to be indulged in a few pre liminary observations ; from which he will see that it is deduced from the lessons of experience, however novel it may seem in its outline. Let us take a concise and hasty view of the judicial systems which have hitherto pievailed ; and see whether we cannot itn prove upon them all. 1 he three great head* upon which men have usually differed, in relation to the subject under consideration, are: —The mode of appointment —the term of office, \ and the number of the Judges. We will consider each of these subjects in their or der. The manner of appointing the Judges. There are four modes of appointing judges which have all had their advocates —By the Executive—by the Senate upon the nomination of the executive—by the legislature, and by the people. By the Executive. The advantages of this mode are :—A competent knowledge, on the part of the appointing pow er, of the qualifications necessary to fill the office.— A private as well as a common interest in filling it well. An individual is more apt than a number of persons, to make a good appointment simply because he has no per son to divide the responsibility of a bad one, or share the honor of a good one with him. The disadvantages of this mode are— The party influence that it gives the Go vernor—his power over the judiciary—and his liability to use this power for the promo tion of unworthy favorites ; particularly his relations. The Governor then should have anagen cy in the appointment of the judges ; but it should be a limited agency, checked in such away as to avoid the evils which I have enumerated. Appointment by the Senate under the Go vernor's nomination. In theory this is an admirable plan. It promises all the advan tages of an appointment by the Governor, with a check upon the abuses of his power. But in practice, these promises have not. been fulfilled. The Senate is always the political auxiliary or opponent of the Gov ernor. If the former, they invariably con firm his nominations; if the latter they are too apt to oppose them without just reasons. If bad nominations be confirmed by the Senate, that body shares the responsibility so largely with the Governor, that he lmrd feels it—And on the other hand, the Gover nor shares the responsibility so largely with the Senate, that they hardly feel it: and both become interested in reconciling the people to their choice. If the Senate re ject a nomination, bitterness is enkindled between the Executive and the Senate ; and if a war between them, dangerous to one or both, does not ensue, the Governor is apt to withhold a nomination until he can find a more subservient Senate. If therefore these two departments of the Government have an agency in appointing the judges, (and I think they should,) they should be separated. Each should act up on its own responsibility, and they should be made to act as checks upon each other, not by interfering with the powers of each other, but by exercising separate, distinct, and counteracting powers of their own. Appointments by the Legislature. This has but one advantage that I know of; and that belongs more properly to another head than to this. We shall notice it more par ticularly when we come to speak of the term office. We will barely remark here, that it makes the judges always feel their responsibility to the people, by reason of their immediate accountability to the repre. sentatives of the people. On trie other hand, there are many seri ous objections to this mode of appointment. There is no responsibility attached to the appointments by the legislature. This is certainly true in point o t fact , however un sound it may seem in theori). The neces sary consequences of this truth are what we see annually acted out before our eves Judges are displaced for no other reason than that they differ from the dominant party upon some unimportant article of po litical faith—They hold their offices by a tenure so uncertain that they have no en couragement to industry, independence, or judicial distinction—They stake their pla j ees upon every unpopular decision that they make. The Bench is made a subject of | disgraceful traffic and barter at every re i turn of the election day. It is needless to I recount all the evils of this plan. Georgia : has groaned under them long enough to be ! come perfectly familiar with them all.— j Still it is to be remembered, that the people are sovereign. It is with them, to have a good Court, a bad one, or none at all, as they may choose. This is a leading prin ciple, which should be kept in mind in fra ming every department of the government. I he people then, should have directly or indirectly, a controuling agency in the ap pointment of the judges. But there arc ac cidental circumstances which render it un advisable for the people to assume directly the election ofjudicial officers. They can not as a body know the qualifications of such officers; and but few of them can ever know the candidates who may come before them. If they were to elect by districts, | the best talents in the State might be ex cluded, because they happened to be found with like talents in the same district. The The worthless intriguer too would often su percede his more honest and intelligent com petitor; for the influence of the intriguer is always increased, by as much as you limit ' the sphere of his operations. The power j of the people then in choosing the Judges, should be exercised by themselves directly, but by their representatives. Appointments by the People What we have just said saves us the trouble of enlarging upon this head. I will only add a single remark. The only State that ever tried the experiment of electing judicial officers by the people, abandoned it almost as soon as it was tried, il I am not misin formed. A. B. LONE STREET. “ he friends of Mr. Van fiuren, those in the secret of Ids prospects, are* beginning to be alarmed. Those who are unacquainted with the tine state of affairs, keep up a hold appear ance apd may very possibly believe what they Bay. 3 But there is a ‘speck’ in the horizon, which s fast becoming a cloud, and will soon bring villi it the rain of good principles.”— Albany Whig. If such be the premonitory symptoms of Van Buren’s dying hour at the North, they ire no less evident and striking at the South. In proof of this, we may refer to the Editori als which have graced the two last numbers of the ‘Federal Union’ published at Milledgeville, in this State, and edited by John A. Cuthbcrt, Esq., a gentleman, whose knowledge of Mr. Van Buren, as a man and a politician, is per haps, not surpassed by any individual in the Southern States; nor is he outranked as an able writer, and a man of shrewd and penetra ting mind. In the editorials to which we al lude, there is evident alarm. The learned and ingenious editor with all the skill of his prac tised pen—the tact and adroitness of his pliant genius —and the persuasive power of language, of which he is master, has in two seperate and laboured numbeis addressed himself to ‘the Van Buren Union men, and White Union men’ of Georgia, as to the expediency of “mu tual forbearanceurging it as a matter ot policy now that the State and Local Elections are corning on. Truly he speaks to them as one whose interests are identified with theirs, and who has a deep and abiding regard for their future weal; he exhorts them like a lath er ; appeals to them tenderly ; Oh! yes, he touches the fine strung chords of the patriot heart; like one, who had indeed learned the peculiar power of pathos. But why this sud den gush of kindly feeling on the part of the devoted gentleman 1 Why in addressing Union White men, are his looks so kind and his tones so gentle I Is there any fear ot in flicting a wound upon the feelings ot those ot the Union party, who in the independence of their own minds have thought, proper to oppose Mr. Van Buren? Surely this cannot be the case. So great a change Irotn bitter to sweet could not have taken place ;n the course of four months ! Who does not well remember the violent attacks which were made upon us when rnodesly stepping upon the great Thea tre of political action, we ventured through the columns of tiie Herald to raise our voice against Van Buren ! Wc claimed not only to belong to the Union party, but to be Union men‘in spirt and in truth,’this was denied to us by the Van Buren presses throughout the State; they proscribed us, railed at us and refused us fellowship; called us ‘Nullitiers in disguise/ and said that we “ought not, and should not stand in the Union ranks” much of this abuse did we receive, and not only we, but along with us, every Union man in the State who dared to rank himself in the opposition against the Vice President. The Federal Union on that occasion, ‘let slip the dogs of war’ and opened the battle with a fierceness truly alarming. It exhorted the party to “beware how they warm ed in their bosom a viper which was attempt ing to sting them to death” and a long tirade of-similar abuse was poured forth—against all those who called themselves Union Anti- Van Buren men: and for why? simply and solely because they felt it their duty to oppose the pretensions of this modern Ciesar to the Presidency ! Now mark tiie change ! Abu sive epithets are laid aside—harsh and denun ciatory terms arc forgotten, and all that is mild, persuasive and kind, introduced in their stead : the address is to the same set of men; viz: the Anti-Van's ; then they were distracting the party by f heir opposition to Van Buren, and viper-like, slinging it to the heart—now, the division of sentiment in relation to the candi date for the Presidency is of minor importance, no matter about that particularly, our local Elections are at band, come Union While men Union Van Buren men—Anti-Van's—Nul lifiers in disguise ; all hands to the pump, the Ship is about to sink, you are all good men and true, ‘stand up ro your rack, fodder or no fodder.’ Now this is all very well, and if we could only believe that Mr. Cuthbert was alarm ed about the OCTOBER Elections, we would heartily respond to his “cry of fire,” but wc conceive his fears to reach beyond that period of time, and to lay hold on the Electoral vote of the State. Such being his views and fears we can have no sympathy of feeling on the subject, for it is the devoutest wish of our heart, that Martin Van Buren may lose his Election, and to tiiis end will we honestly, cheerfully, and perseveringly contribute our mite.— Columbus Herald. A CARD. To the People of Georgia. —Silence ami patient endurance under the affliction of ac cumulated wrong and injury, is not always just to the sufferer or his friends, i have not, at any former period of my life, by any publica tion, claimed your attention, though my character may have suffered for a time by a circulation of the vilest slanders and the most unblushing misrepresentations. Reports have at various times, before, been circulated pre : judicial to rny moral and religious character, l have silently endured the wrong, confident that truth, in process of time, would correct falsehood and do me justice. In this I have not been disappointed. These reports have in suc cession, ceased to be circulated when they could no longer be believed. The kind partiality of iny friends having placed my name before you as a candidate for Congress at the approaching election, it is due to these friends especially, and to the public generally, that they should have the means of contradiciing or cou | firming any report, which, if true, would render me unworthy their confidence. This publica tion is a one designed to place these means within their reach. The vilest of my foes are challenged to deny its truths. From very many sources I have learned tluvt it is currently reported in various sections of the State that 1 have been engaged in speculat ing on Indian lands—in defrauding the savage, and have thereby been instrumental in provoking the war with Hie Creek tribe. I pronounce every such report, let it come from what quarter it may, or be fathered by whom it will, utterly destitute of truth—of even the shadow of foundation, (fjr- I have at no time bought an acre of land in Alabama, either of an Indian or a white man, nor have I ever examined an acre with a view to its purchase. I have never owned, nor do I now own one foot of Creek land, nor have l ever had the slightest interest in any, nor in any speculation thereon; nor have I been directly or indirectly, remotely or intimately connected with any company formed for the purpose of purchasing or speculating on said Indian lands. Justice would seem to justify here, the further declaration, that there may have been those in- Columbus, as well as elsewhere, who have at least subjected themselves to such charges, a.-* have been propagated against myself—of lie merits of their conduct I know but liitlc. If however, there have been such, it is extrem ly unjust, that either 1 or the entire community,, having neither participated in the alleged fraud or its profits, should bear the disgrace con sequent upon it. 1 have learned too, that a report is in the course of industrious circulation, that I am the counsel of the notorious Jim Henry in his approaching trial, for the part he lias acted in the depredations latelly committed upon tlio lives and property of the people of Georgia and Alabama. This report is as destitute of truth as the other. I have had no interview with Jim Henry, or any friend of his, since his sur render and imprisonment. No sort of effort has been made to secure forhim my professional services. Before his arrest, and after the commencement of hostilities, I did, on more occasions, than one, seek an interview with him and his party -but it was in the ranks as a private soldier, and with the hope that I might he something instrumental in bringing him and them to the punishment which their many out rages demanded. This is the only service that i have at any time desired or expected to render him. 1 ask, at the hands of my fellow citizens no ting but justice—sheer justice—that what little character I may have acquired, for moral or i-epgious rectitude may be left, me; and if they fail to confer upon me office, I shall not murmur at their decision. WALTER T. COLQ.UIT, Os Columbia.