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The Augusta News-Review - November 23, 1977 -
On South Africa trade
Rangel seeks embargo
Representative Charles B.
Rangel (D-NY) recently
introduced a concurrent
resolution calling upon
President Carter to impose a
trade embargo on the Republic
of South Africa.
Reacting to the Republic of
South Africa’s recent acts of
silencing its citizens who are
opposed to the continued
existence of its apartheid
government. Representative
Rangel said, “President Carter
has frequently delivered the
message of our nation’s
support and recognition of
human rights for those who are
presently being denied. I
What’s behind the oil
companies’push for coal?
By Steven Schneider
Pacific News Service
President Carter found the
oil companies turning from
opponents into allies when
Congress moved from
deliberation of Administration
proposed natura. gas price
controls to increased use of
coal.
The call to switch from
costly imported oil and natural
gas to cheap and abundant
domestic coal supplies had
strong support from the oil
companies -for an obvious
reason. They own about
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believe, however, that fervent
voicing of this belieft,
particularly as it relates to the
South African situation, is
inadequate at best, without
putting those words into
action.
I have introduced three bills
regarding this matter. One,
H.R. 9102, would prohobit the
assignment of international
security assistance management
teams, defense attaches, or
other United States Armed
Forces personnel to South
Africa. In addition, H.R. 9103,
would prohibit the exporting
of materials which might be
one-third of the nations
proven coal reserves.
The oil companies began
their acquisitions of coal
reserves in the 1960 s when the
demand for coal was low and
reserves could be bought
cheaply.
In 1963, Gulf Oil bought
Pittsburg and Midway Coal,
and two years later.
Continental Oil purchased
Consolidated Coal - the
nation's largest coal producer.
That same year, Exxon
began leasing extensive coal
reserves. Exxon’s reserves are
now estimated at nine billion
tons - 15 times the total
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Page 2
used for military enforcement,
or internal security purposes to
South Africa. H.R. 9104 seeks
to impose economic sanctions
against South Africa and would
specifically preclude the
importation of coal and certain
articles to those legislative
initiative that I have taken,"
states Rangel, the former
Chairman of the Congressional
Black Caucus, "this concurrent
resolution further emphasizes
the immediate need for clear
and conclusive action which
may be taken by the Executive
Branch against the Republic of
South Africa."
amount of coal produced in
the U.S. last year.
In 1968, Occidental
Petroleum acquired Island
Creek, a major coal producer,
and Standard of Ohio bought
two smaller coal companies.
By 1970, seven of the 15
largest coal producers were
owned by oil companies. In
addition, Arco, Texaco and
Exxon have all leased acres of
Western coal from the federal
government.
The railroads, which derive
about 10 per cent of their
profits from hauling coal, also
favor the change-over to
increased coal production. In
addition, Burlington Northern.
Union Pacific and Norfolk and
Western Railroad are among
the nation’s largest holders of
coal reserves.
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Augusta resident
receives award
The nation’s third highest
award for peacetime serve was
recently presented to an
Augusta resident. The
Meritorious Service Medal was
presented to Sergeant First
Class (SFC) Victor A. Skeens
for his outstanding support of
the goals of the volunteer
Army. Commander of the
Columbia Army District
Recruiting Command (DRC)
Lieutenant Colonel Benjamin
Beasley made the presentation
in a special ceremony at the
U.S. Army Recruiting Station
at Southgate Shopping Plaza in
Augusta.
SFC Skeens was assigned to
the Army Recruiting Station at
820 Reynolds Street in
Kenya’s fear
Cont’d from page 1
the Ogaden War. and Somalis
in Nairobi say that if their
Kenyan identity card lists their
clan as Ogaden. inquiring
Kenyan policemen will
sometimes beat them. Ogaden
is one of the largest Somali
clans in Kenya as well as in the
Ethiopian war zone.
The Kenyan press has also
begun identifying by tribe any
Somali charged with a crime,
which is rarely done with
country's other ethnic groups.
"1 couldn't print anything
favorable about tire Somalis
now,” one Nairobi editor said
recently.
But despite the protestations
of leading Somali citizens here.
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Augusta in February 1971. In
March 1977 he assumed duties
as Nurse Recruiter for the
Columbia DRC which
encompasses South Carolina
and 13 Georgia counties. He
served in this capacity until his
retirement in July 1977.
Other awards and
decorations he has received
include the Bronze Star Medal,
Army Commendation Medal
with Ist Oak Leaf Cluster
(second award), Vietnam
Campaign and Service Medals,
and the Vietnam Cross of
Gallantry.
SFC and Mrs. Skeens reside
on Lonsdale Drive in Augusta
with their two sons, Victor, Jr.,
and Gary.
the Kenyan government may
have good reason to suspect
the loyalty of many ethnic
Somalis.
According to a former Peace
Corps volunteer who spent two
years in Kenya's
Somali-speaking Wajir District,
"With the exception of the
politicans, a few rich
businessmen and those who
live here in Nairobi, I never
met one ordinary Somali who
wouldn't have preferred to see
his land governed from
Mogadishu than from Nairobi.”
“Kens a doesn't care about
us, so why should we care
about Kenya? I'm a Somali
first," says an uneducated
nomad's son who now ekes out
a living here as a petty trader.
The lack of a Kenyan
identity among the country's
Somalis was fostered by the
British, who sealed off the
predominantly Somali
Northern Frontier District
(NFD) during colonial times
and wouldn't allow anyone to
leave or enter the area without
a pass. It was actually easier for
a Somali from the NFD to visit
Mogadishu than Nairobi
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LT. COL BENJAMIN BEASLEY presents the Meritorious Service Medal to
Augusta resident SFC Victor Skeens as Mrs. Skeens looks on.
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ETHIOPIA 2
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B UddahbiWKJ Somali-inhabited
gff. region of Kenya
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“UNEMPLOYMENT”
Con I’d from page 1
standard of living through
work.”
In March 1974, when
official unemployment was 5.3
per cent, EEI was 10.5 per
cent. Even in 1969, when the
unemployment rate was only
3.5 per cent, EEI was 9.8 per
cent.
EEI shows unemployment
for some segments of the
population to be particularly
severe. Black EEI in 1974 was
23 per cent, and among Black
women heading families it was
56 per cent.
OTHER ALTERNATIVE
METHODS
Levitan and Taggart are not
alone in computing alternative
unemployment statistics. The
AFL-CIO, for example,
contends unemployment in
September was really 9.8 per
cent instead of the official 6.9
per cent. The National Orban
League’s own measure for the
last three months of 1976 was
13.7 per cent for the whole
economy (compared to the
official 7.3) and 23.8 per cent
for Blacks and a disturbing
58.3 per cent for Black
teenagers.
M ost alternative statistics
build on the way the
government now computes
unemployment. Based on
47,000 monthly interviews, the
Bureau of Labor Statistics
(BLS) classifies people as
employed if they work as little
as one hour a week at a playing
job, and as unemployed if they
don't work but have searched
for work in the past month.
These two groups comprise the
labor force, and the
unemployment rate is the
percentage of the labor force
that is unemployed.
Critics claim this method
undercounts the unemployed
in two important ways. First,
people working part-time but
wanting full-time work should
be considered unemployed - or
underemployed -- instead of
fully employed, they maintain.
Second, at least some of those
not in the labor force who
want to work should be
counted - especially those not
seeking jobs because they don’t
believe any are available.