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The Augusta [Sews-Review December 1. 1977 -
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Mallory K. Millender Editor-Publishei
Prank Bowman General & Advertising Manager
Mary Gordon Circulation
Sharon C. Caldwell Reporter
Mailing Address
Box 953 - Augusta, Ga. Phone 722-4555
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Walking with dignity
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Ladies, be seated
IHmI ■
The original myth of women’s so-called
restriction in all-out activities of which
they are amply capable, lies in men’s
provincialism and his desire to master
them. Since time immemorial man has
labored under the antiquated sophistry,
that women’s biological functions or a
less agile, smaller, and weaker body made
her inferior. Women and Blacks certainly
had to bear the burdens of men’s bias and
arrogance. Christianity credited women
with souls; equal status was long deferred,
however, so-called heavy-male thinkers
did not think of women. Aristotle saw
women’s virtue in abeying, being less
complete, less courageous, more
impulsive than men. St. Paul advised
women to keep their mouths shut, in
Church. Colonial New England generally
excluded dames from town schools, their
entrance being considered “improper and
inconsistent.”
The Equal Rights Amendment was not
the bombshell that had been expected at
Houston, when some 2,000 “Fems” from
across the nation sat down together to
discuss the barriers to women’s equality.
It was an inescapable conclusion of
anyone who followed the progress of the
National Women’s Conference, however,
that the ERA has brought the “Babes” a
long way; and has produced a rallying
point for political moderates, as well as a
feminist awakening nation-wide, and its
final ratification is just a matter of time.
Amid this feminine hurly-burly,
emotion and controversies of the
Houston confab, it would be all too easy
to lose sight of the central significance of
that historic meeting, the first of its kind
in American history. That significance is
that the women’s movement has come
into its own. More American women than
ever before now are involved in the
feminist cause and pressing for “women’s
full participation in all areas and aspects
of American life.” The movement for
equal rights has suffered some setbacks in
the recent past, but it is alive and growing
stronger.
As more women from all walks of life
and from varying social and economic
backgrounds involve themselves in the
movement, there is bound to be growing
divergence of opinion on specific issues.
Some of the planks adopted by the ladies
at Houston on civil rights for lesbians and
on abortion are certainly wild and a little
far out for some of our conservative
minds. But these issues ought not obscure
the main thrust of the “plan for action”
mOHK A
Endodontics may be a tongue-twister
word, but for a growing number of
people it has meant that their diseased or
injured teeth may be saved.
Endodontic therapy is sometimes
called root canal therapy or nerve or pulp
therapy. Literally, it means working
inside the tooth.
Treatments of this type are very
common today in general dental practice
but there also is a growing number of
dentists who limit their practice to just
endodontics as a specialty.
A tooth has three primary parts.
Outermost is the hard enamel covering.
Inside this is the softer dentin. And at the
core is the pulp, a soft tissue that
contains the delicate blood vessels and
nerve fibers of the tooth.
The usual causes of tooth pulp damage
are accidents and decay. The typical
toothache arises when the decay process
has penetrated through the tooth to the
nerves in the pulp.
The bacteria that cause decay can
infect the pulp, the tooth was extracted.
Now. a dentist can clean the disease from
the cavity and cap it with a protective
pjßte. This gives the exposed pulp a
-By Al Irby
Dentistry and you
Tooth knocked out
can still be saved
By Dr. W.J. Walker
Page 4
agreed to by the conference delegates,
which focuses on such basic issues as
abused children and battered women,
child care, discrimination in education
and employment, credit for women, rape
laws affecting home makers, and women
in elected office.
Most were issues that draw support
from a broad spectrum of women,
housewives as well as professionals,
Republicans as well as Democrats. The
very presence at the conference of First
Lady Rosalynn Carter, Betty Ford, and
Lady Bird Johnson symbolized the
widespread appeal of the movement’s
basic goals.
LESBIANS AND ABORTION
Unfortunately, the debate on lesbian
rights seems to have gained undue
attention at the conference in proportion
to all the other meaningful issues on the
agenda. This only further damages the
women's movement in the minds of many
who wrongly see it identifying with
unnatural lesbianism. The ladies at
Houston also passed resolutions calling
for Social Security for homemakers and
other women rights. Houston, Texas was
chosen as the site for the Women's
Conference because Texas was one of the
first states to ratify the Equal Rights
Amendment. Barbara Jordan,
Congresswoman from the host state was
the keynote speaker for the opening
plenary session, and was introduced by
former First Lady, Lady Bird Johnson.
Mrs. Johnson said that Congresswoman
Jordan’s voice “is an American voice,
speaking with compassion and with
wisdom.” She said that Mrs. Jordan
speaks, “justice and a compelling
eloquence that has gripped this nation’s
heart and held her listeners spellbound."
Ms. Jordan opened her speech by
thanking Mrs. Johnson for an
introduction for which the articulate
lady, most correctly said “I am worthy.”
THE CONGRESS-LADY HAD THEM
SCREAMING IN THE ISLES-She went
on to deliver what was considered by
many as an uncharacteristically strong
speech for a special interest group. Said
Ms. Jordon, “The goals of this conference
are noncontroversial.” They are, said the
Congresswoman “as laudable and
responsible to me as the goals President
Carter talks about of human rights in
America’s foreign policy.”
chance to heal itself just like any other
part of the body. In a month or two, it
(the Gulp) has healed, the dentist will put
in>. manent filling.
If bacterial infection has spread to the
pulp, the dentist will have to remove the
diseased portion. Medication can then be
placed inside the tcoth to ensure the
destruction of any remaining bacteria,
and the chamber sealed with a filling.
In severe cases where the entire pulp is
diseased or destroyed, the dentist will
remove all of the pulp. The hollow
channel is cleaned, sterialized and filled
with an inert substance.
Even if all the nerves and blood vessels
inside the tooth must be removed the
tooth is not neccessarily dead. It can still
receive nourishment from the tiny fibers
that attach the root to the surrounding
soft tissues and bone of the jaw.
If a tooth should turn gray after its
pulp has been damaged, this too can be
remedied through endodontic therapy. A
simple bleaching process on the inside
after root canal therapy can return the
tooth to its natural color.
Accidents are also a common cause of
pulp damage, the most frequent types
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Our new day begun
• •
HL-..
The stunning severity and
all-encompassing nature of the recent
crackdown by the Vorster regime of
South Africa on Blacks, their institutions
and supporters is a despicable act and an
affront to human decency. Following the
shameful murder of Steven Biko, the
Black student leader, these acts clearly
depict a frightened and desperate
government. This awakening and
polarization of the downtrodden Black
masses that has brought on this political
psychosis ironically has resulted from the
savagery of the government's own racial
policies.
The tragedy of this new wave of
repression is that it will only increase the
desperation of the Blacks for a solution
to their suffering. This could be suicidal
for the white minority. History is replete
with examples of power-maddened rulers
and governments that engineered their
own destruction by their ill-conceived
despitic policies.
In tightening the screw several twists
last October 19. South Africa arrested
some 50 personsand permanently banned
18 anti-apartheid organizations, including
the inter-denominational Christian
Institute of Southern Africa. The banning
orders bar political activities and permit
the person to have only one visitor at a
time.
The effect of the crackdown was to
put out of action all anti-apartheid
groups, which were fairly moderate, and
the principal Black newspapers. The
World and its editor Percy Qoboza, and
The Weekend World and other outspoken
persons.
The further tragedy of these politically
inspired provocations is that Prime
Minister John Vorster has effectively
silenced all established organizations and
many leaders who still held out some
hope of working with whites for a
peaceful end to the government s
obnoxious racial policies. The Black
youths who have already expressed their
impatience by leading the Soweto and
other urban riots, will now' be ever more
convinced of the futility of seeking
peaceful social change. They are certain
that their only recourse is violence.
Steve Biko. an effective youth leader,
was among those who still was hopeful
for a peaceful end to apartheid. As he
explained sometime ago, the key to
liberation is the world’s big powers.
Directly noting the role of the U.S., he
said that, “In a sense, America has played
a shameful role in her relations with our
country.”
Because of the unalterable Black-white
divisions, the only options now open to
America are either that of continuing its
support for the entrenched white
minority government or upholding the
attainment of the aspirations of millions
’ 'the Black population as well as those
of whites of goodw ill."
Biko further explained that “We are
looking forward to non-racial, just and
egalitarian society in which color, creed
and race shall form no point of
being mouth injuries occuring in
automobile accidents, organized sports
and playground activities.
If the crown of a tooth is fractured so
that the pulp is exposed, it can be
restored by pulpal or root canal therapy
and a cap or crown of esthetic materials.
A broken root can frequently be repaired
with a splint with or without root canal
therapy.
Occasionally a tooth is knocked out
completely. Even it can be reimplanted if
vou act quickly. Wrap the tooth in a
damp towel, do not clean it and rush it
and the patient to a dentist. Minutes are
important here.
D-day for U.S.
Africa policy
By Benjamin Hooks
reference.”
Vorster’s response to the world-wide
outcry against these inhuman policies was
to reiterate the minority’s determination
to intensify rather than begin the
dismantling of the apartheid system. His
government followed up this
nose-thumbing by conducting a
house-to-house sweep in one of the
townships and arresting 626 Blacks,
including 198 school children. A day
later, the government moved against U.S.
and other foreign companies by invoking
special powers that could be used to force
them to produce arms and other military
equipment.
The U.S. dilemma has been how to
translate a commitment to human rights
into concrete action in the South Africa
situation. Following the October 19
crackdown, the U.S. moved with unusual
speed to register its protests with
Pretoria. The Carter Administration also
recalled the U.S. Ambassador “for
consultations.”
It had been initially hoped that this
was a first step toward downgrading the
U.S. Embassy in South Africa. But
Secretary of State Vance subsequently
deflated these hopes when he informed a
delegation of Black leaders that the
Ambassador had returned to his old post.
So there seemed little hope that any
meaningful steps would be taken to
downgrade the mission.
Vorster’s response to our protests gave
ample evidence that he did not take the
U.S. seriously. “1 say that is none of my
business whatsoever,” he said dismissing
the Administration's announcement of a
policy review on South Africa. “That is
Mr. Carter’s business if he so wishes. As
far as I am concerned, 1 am not
interested. As far as 1 am concerned, it is
totally irrelevant.”
The NAACP has long recognized the
inadequacy to the Administration s
commitment to human rights in South
Africa and has so informed the Carter
Administration. We have consequently
urged the U.S. to support the institution
of meaningful U.S. sanctions against that
country :uj<l to take sterner measures
help bring an end to
apartheid.
The NAAss» delegation which visited
Secretary Vance under the aegis of the
“Emergency coalition for Human Rights
in South Africa,” welcomed the news
that the U.S. was considering taking
unilateral economic sanctions against
South Africa. The ad hoc group, which
included leaders from other
organizations, had told Mr. Vance that
the U.N. arms embargo on South Africa
that the U.S. had supported in the
Security Council was totally inadequate.
As the 49 Black African members in
the U.N. have stated, the arms embargo is
“too little and too late.” The NAACP
historically has been in the forefront of
the struggle against colonialism and
human exploitation. We continue to be
guided by these policies and call on our
government to support demands for stem
economic sanctions against South Africa.
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; J
The now famous Humphrey-Hawkins
Bill had its origin in the valiant effort of
Congressmen Gus Hawkins and his
colleagues in the Black Caucus to frame
legislation that would guarantee jobs for
all.
Such a tremendous change in our
traditional acceptance of unemployment
as a fact of life is likely to be
accomplished by smaller steps. And one
of those smaller steps is the President’s
acceptance of a comprise
Humphrey-Hawkins Bill.
The proposed new Bill creates no new
jobs, nor does it create structures that
would deliver new jobs. Instead, it sets a
national goal of four per cent
unemployment by 1983.
The compromise has been criticized,
but it would be self-defeating to take an
all-or-nothing stance. The revised
Humphrey-Hawkins Bill has great
symbolic value. It commits the President
and the Congress to pursue policies that
will shrink the numbers of unemployed.
That represents a major new
commitment. Instead of vague promises
to bring down unemployment, the Bill
provides a firm promise to do so. It
represents a short-term promissory note
to be redeemed in jobs.
By setting a national goal, the Bill
places Congress and the Administration
under pressure to meet the goal, and it
provides a much needed framework for
further full employment legislation.
And even while admitting that a four
per cent unemployment goal is
inadequate, it is far better than the five
and even six per cent some economists
pretend is full employment.
So the first order of business is to get
the revised Humphrey-Hawkins Bill
passed. And that has to be followed up
with swift action to create the jobs to
meet its modest goal.
That action should include greatly
expanded public service employment and
training programs. But it also has to be
directed at increasing private sector
job-creation through incentives that
expand capital spending and production
Civil rights law—toward
effective enforcement
Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of
1964 prohibits people and organizations
which receive federal money using the
money to discriminate. The Act prohibits
discrimination on account of race, color
or national origin. The Act also contains
provisions for its enforcement. After
viewing the record, 1 am forced to
conclude that Title VI enforcement has
been characterized by affirmative neglect.
Fact from the record: In the past five
years of Title VI enforcement, all Title VI
agencies throughout the federal
government have commenced nine
administrative fund termination
proceedings against recipients exclusive of
those against local school districts.
Fact from the record: In 13 years of
enforcement five cases have been referred
to the Attorney General for litigation.
Fact from the record: Federal agencies
spent 537 million for pivil rights
enforcement and investigations in fiscal
1973. Twenty seven million dollars were
spent in fiscal 1977. That is a reduction
of nearly 30 per cent.
Fact from the record: Between
1971-’76, the Civil Rights Commission
continually found that the government’s
civil rights enforcement effort was “Beset
with problems that were directly
attributable to, and exacerbated by, the
absence of leadership from policy making
officials.”
To remedy these dificiences, I have
introduced legislation which mandates
that there be enforcement. The bill would
apply to all federal agencies which
provide financial assistance the same
stringent ’civil right enforcement
procedures the Congress enacted for the
Office of Revenue Sharing and the Law
Enforcement Assistance Administration.
The Bill has three main parts:
First, coverage. The Bill expands the
basis of prohibited activities to include
sex, aged and handicap discrimination.
Second, coordination. The Bill assigns to
the executive office of the President the
power to coordinate the activities of Title
VI agencies. This part of the Bill
implements policy recommended by the
United States Commission on Civil
Rights.
Third, procedure. The Bill applies
many of the mandatory procedures of the
To be equal
Humphrey-Hawkins
—the compromise
By Vernon E. Jordan Jr.
and aid businesses in hiring and training
the jobless and young people.
The private sector has to be given a
central place in job-creation efforts. Most
jobs are -- and will continue to be - in the
private sector, and no full employment
policy can or should ignore that fact.
Some of the steps necessary to get full
employment may be unpopular since too
many citizens don’t mind high joblessness
so long as they are not among the
unemployed. It’s always easier to tell
someone else that unemployment is
inevitable when you’ve got a job.
There’s also the barrier of the
questionable link between full
employment and inflation. Experience
has shown that high unemployment
doesn’t necessarily mean low inflation,
but the conventional wisdom is that it
does. But how fair is it to tell someone he
shouldn’t have a job because full
employment may be inflationary?
It is just incredible for a society such as
ours to consciously waste the human
resources and productivity of so many
millions of people just to satisfy the
myths of old-fashioned economics. Even
if some inflation results from full
employment it would be far more
preferable than the stagnant economy we
now have that suffers both high inflation
and high unemployment.
And no one should be satisfied with
that four per cent goal. It has to be seen
as a short-term goal, away station on the
road to true full employment.
Since Black jobless rates are double
those for whites, four per cent
unemployment actually means eight per
cent for Blacks. And the hidden
unemployment of involuntary part-time
workers and the discouraged workers who
have dropped out of the job market is
double the official rate. So we’re really
talking about Black jobless rates of 15 per
cent if the national goal of four per cent
unemployment is reached. All the more
reason to get on with the job of assuring
everyone who wants to work a decent job
at a decent salary.
Congressional Black Caucus
Reports to the People
By Rep. Barbara Jordon
Jordan Amendments to all Title VI
agencies. Those procedures would require
the when one of four things happens,
notification must issue from the federal
government to the recipient of federal
funds. Notification would tell the
recipient it is not in compliance with
Title VI.
Those four things are: 1) A finding of
discrimination by a state or federal court;
2) A finding of discrimination by a state
or federal agency after a hearing; 3) A
determination by a federal agency after
an investigation that there is reasonable
cause to believe one of its own grantees
has discriminated; and 4) A referral
through the executive office of the
President of a reasonable cause
determination from one federal agency to
another.
If one of the four triggers occurs,
notification must issue. There is no
discretion. After notification, the
recipient would have 30 days to sign a
compliance agreement. Failure to sign a
compliance agreement within 30 days
would mean that further payment of
federal money for the program or activity
found to have been discriminatory would
be suspended temporarily. There is no
discretion.
Unless compliance is achieved within
60 days after suspension, further
payment of federal money would be
terminated. There is no discretion.
However, the Bill does provide that
termination can be delayed pending the
outcome of an administrative hearing or
judicial appeal.
The Bill also mandates federal agencies
to suspend payments to a recipient within
45 days after the Attorney General files a
civil action alleging discrimination. There
is no discretion. However, the court could
grant relief and order that the money not
be suspended pending the outcome of the
litigation. There is a similar provision in
leaa law now and we know it works.
This Bill sets up a procedure for
simple, firm and effective enforcement of
Title VI. It may be a radical proposal to
See “CIVIL RIGHTS LAW”
Page 6