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The Augusta News-Review - December I, 1977
Augusta JJetus-JRebufo
Mallory K. Millender Editor-Publishe!
Frank Bowman General & Advertising Manager
Mary Gordon Circulation
Sharon C. Caldwell Reporter
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Box 953 - Augusta, Ga. - Phone 722-4555
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MATiOMAL ADVtUTISIWG RfPREStNTATWtS W
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Walking with dignity
South Africa ii
‘driver’s seat’
■ By Al Irbv "■
No wonder the United States could not
go all out against South Africa in the
United Nation’s sanctions. The embargo
on arms was a cinch, but the economic
stakes were a “horse of another color”,
because chromium and other rare metals
from South Africa are keystones in our
own industries. A key factor in the
President’s policy on the Pretoria’s
government is the major dependence of
our steel and chemical industries on
chromite ore and critical metals from
Vorster and his apartheid bullies. Put
economic sanctions on South Africa, and
you deny the United States close to 90
per cent of the world’s supply of chrome,
because Rhodesia already is under
sanctions.
South Africa is a principal supplier to
United States industry of chrome,
manganese, vanadium, platinum and
other metals essential to a wide variety of
industrial processes. So far President
Carter is committing the United States
“to support strong sanctions against the
sale of arms to South Africa”, including a
prohibition on the sale of spare parts for
weapons.
President Carter told a press
conference that the United States will
continue to work with the South African
Government to combat “threat to peace”
in Namibia (South West Africa) and
Zimbabwe (Rhodesia). Mr. Carter also
hopes that the spur of a worldwide arms
embargo, now being shaped at the United
Nations, might impel the South African
Government to hasten the process of
sharing governmental power with South
Africa s Black majority.
Already the United States and Britain
adhere to a voluntary ban on weapons
sales to South Africa, and the policy
enunciated by President Carter falls far
short of economic sanctions against the
South African regime. Mr. Carter did say
it is “proper for the United States to
enhance or reduce our trade” with
another country, depending on its
attitude toward basic human rights.
Currently, said an official of the General
Services Administration, the United
States Government” is in a deficit
position” on stockpiles of chromite ore
and the platinum group of metals needed
by the United States defense industry.
U.S. NEEDS SOUTH AFRICA TOO
MUCH
“We don’t have enough of basic
metals,” a high official said, “to meet day
by day emergencies.” Private industry, in
any case, could not draw on United
States strategic stockpiles, maintained by
The General Services Administration,
Congressional Black Caucus
Reports to the People
W| Bringing
I human rights home
I think it’s commendable that our
Government is so concerned about
human rights in foreign countries. Surely,
now that the Shah of Iran is back home,
we might put some pressure on him to
tell his police force to cease beating up
and jailing anti-Shah college students.
And maybe we can develop even
stronger economic sanctions against
South Africa, since it is apparent now
that the death of Steve Biko was caused
by his brutal treatment at the hands of
South African security forces.
We certainly need to evidence our
concern in these matters. But we need to
temper our intensity somewhat; we are
certainly no paragons of virtue on this
question.
I am immediately reminded, for
example, of the current North Carolina
incarceration of a group of civil rights
activists called the Wilmington 10.
There’s been enough evidence gathered in
this case which indicates that these young
men are innocent and should be
immediately set free. But the wheels of
justice seemingly do not grind at all in
North Carolina, and it appears that North
unless President Carter gave emergency
clearance. We must have 11.5 per cent
chrome, which provides the anticorrosion
element in stell, or we cannot have
stainless steel. And just listen to this,
chrome is the most unsubstitutable metal
in all the world, no wonder our
government pussyfoots around about
righting the screws on Pretoria.
Here is our grab on that precious
chromite ore around the world. We get 38
per cent from South Africa, 17 per cent
from the Soviet Union, 17 per cent from
Turkey, and 3 per cent from Rhodesia.
The United States has virtually no
chrome. The western world has no love
for Africa’s teeming million Blacks, its
the precious materials they covet that
make them put on this current fakery of
concern for Black Africa.
By an odd combination of geology and
slick politics, South*Africa, Rhodesia, and
the Soviet Union possess 99 per cent of
the world’s known reserves of platinum,
98 per cent of vanadium (used as a
toughening element in steel), 96 per cent
of chrome, 85 per cent of gold, and much
of the world’s reserves of manganese,
asbestos, and diamonds. South Africa is a
major United States customer, haying
bought $1,35 billion worth of American
goods last year. American Blacks must
simply reconcile to this huge monetary
fact of American life. Government
economists reckon more than 50,000
American jobs depend on export to
South Africa. The United States last year
bought $925 million worth of goods from
South Africa. Through August of this
year, United States sales to South Africa
had fallen 18 per cent below the 1967
level, according to a U.S. Commerce
Department official, while American
imports from the while-ruled African
nation were up 37 per cent.
This drop off in business with
Rhodesia reflects in part the increase in
imports from South Africa. When, with
President Carter’s support, the Rhodesian
embargo was enacted last March,
proponents argued that the United States
could replace Rhodesian chrome with ore
from South Africa, the Soviet Union,
Turkey and other sources.
STEEL INDUSTRY CONCERN over
possible loss of critical supplies from
South Africa comes at a time of hardship
for American steel firms, with thousands
of workers out of work. Steel industry
leaders are pressing for some form of
protection against steel imports from
Japan and Europe. Inspite of South
Africa’s bad racial record, it still holds ace
cards over the United States.
By Kep. Augustus F. Hawkins
Carolina wants these civil rights activists
to rot in jail.
Then there’s the trip to the South
Bronx that President Carter took the
other day. From all that s been written
about this “no man's land,” the South
Bronx is the most economically depressed
community in this entire nation. Crime
abounds almost unabated; most of the
families are on welfare; adequate housing
is non-existent; dope and alcoholism
flourishes; and children grow up with the
sense that this is what the world looks
like.
I’m very concerned about the human
rights of the people who are forced to live
in the South Bronx, and in other places
just like it. As a matter of fact although
the situation in my own District is not as
bad as conditions in the South Bronx,
the deprivation is still horrendous
enough.
To me, if a child lives in depressed
housing, his human rights are being
abrogated. If a senior citizen’s monthly
retirement check lasts only one-half of
that month, his human rights are being
Page 4
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” 9 AL.
No one really knows the full extent of
the damage that has been done to the old
civil rights coalition by the conflict over
Allan Bakke’s challenge to the University
of California minority admissions
program at the Davis Medical School.
The NAACP led in organizing this
grouping of civil rights, labor, religious
and social organizations in the late 40s
around the common goal of ending
segregation in the south and other
inhuman manifestations of racism.
This goal was clearly achieved, and the
passage of the Civil Rights Acts continues
to be the best evidence of the
effectiveness of such a coalition.
Benefiting from the protection of these
laws have been not only Blacks, but
Hispanics, Chicanos and other minorities,
women, the elderly, and many other
groups.
A key feature of one of these measures
was Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of
1974, which provides for the affirmative
action programs. This section certainly
could not have been included in the act
without the unified support of coalition
members. But, because it has proved so
effective in attacking discrimination not
only in the south, but also in the north, it
is now under strong attack.
Faced with the intransigent but subtle
forms of racism that still retard Black
economic and social progress, the NAACP
has recognized the clear need for new
coalitions. Our programs and alliances
must be fashioned with the realization
that Blacks have no permanent friends,
only permanent interests. But there was
still a lingering hope that much of the old
coalition would continue intact.
The misguided, self-serving ideological
attacks that many of our traditional allies
have launched on the very concept of
affirmative action itself, however, have
created serious divisions within this
coalition. The basic question at issue is
whether college admissions and
employment programs that attempt to
take into consideration the effects of past
racial discrimination against Blacks are
violative of other people’s rights. Should
the Davis Medical School, for example,
provide special admissions programs for
minorities to help insure that health
services will be carried into areas of
society not routinely serviced by white
doctors?
For the NAACP. this is the basic
question at issue. Yet, Allan Bakke is
challenging the School’s special
admissions program on the basis that it is
a quota that was used to keep him out
because he is white. Bakke’s supporters
also attempt to confuse the issues by
maintaining that they support affirmative
action but oppose programs that
supposedly admit minorities at the
expense of “qualified” whites because
they constitute “reverse discrimination.”
trampled on. If our young adults have no
future in the work world, their human
rights do not exist. If a father must flee
his home, because that's the only way his
family can become eligible for welfare
assistance, then his human rights are a
sham. If a person wants to work, and is
able to work, but there are not enough
jobs to go around, the issue of human
rights is muted.
It is true that we ought to be the world
leaders in calling for human rights in
South Korea, Indonesia, Bangladesh and
Our bottom line
By Benjamin Hooks
For the NAACP, however, affirmative
action is no more a “quota” or “reverse
discrimination” than Zionism is racism.
The full impact of the confusion that has
been deliberately fostered by our
opponent will be realized when we look
at the facts in the Bakke case
First, Bakke was not only rejected by
Davis but by his alma mater, the
University of Minnesota and 11 other
medical schools. University records show
that Davis also had not selected 15 white
students with higher scores than Bakke
and 20 whites with comparable scores.
Second, some of the 16 special
minority admissions students had higher
grade point averages than Bakke.
Particularly disturbing about the case is
that 36 white students who were
admitted to the Davis Medical School had
lower grade point averages than Bakke.
But Bakke, is not challenging these
admissions. He and his supporters are
only attacking the minority admissions
programs.
The effects of these well-planned
broadsides were revealed on Friday,
October 21, when the University of
California regents voted 13-12 to restrict
minority admissions on the pretext that
they were tightening up standards.
Similar attacks have been launched as a
result of the Bakke and other cases on
programs involving employment and the
award of federal contracts. The stakes at
issue in the pending Supreme Court’s
decision on the Bakke case are enormous
for Blacks and other minorities. If past
constitutional wrongs are not to be
corrected through such means as
affirmative action programs, then what
are the alternatives.
So, to our traditional allies, we are
saying that we have a bottom line
position. That is, it bothers us in these
days that all over the country
well-meaning friends, so-called, are
wringing their hands and admitting that
there has been past discrimination. They
admit that the effects of that
discrimination are still with us and say
piously that it must be changed.
But their intention alludes us. So we
call on them in the name of simple
justice, if you recognize there has been
discrimination, if you admit that the
vestiges of those discriminatory practices
exist in our nation today, then it becomes
necessary that some be done to eliminate
them. And we have begun to wonder who
our friends are, when every plan that we
propose and move forward with is
attacked.
If there is a wrong and it must be
corrected, there must be away to do it.
So we would call upon our traditional
allies who now seem to be marching to
the tune of a different drummer to show
us how we can do it better, if what we are
doing in the way of affirmative action
programs is wrong.
other countries. But first, let’s deliver a
better brand of human rights to our own
people. Then we might be better able to
throw the first stone!
~
Dear Editor:
Please accept my sincere appreciation
William F. Buckley Jr., is a resourceful,
witty spokesman for the kind of
conservative thinking that went out with
the demise of Louis XIV, but he presents
his views with such grace and charm that
even the victims of his verbal muggings
tend to forgive him.
At least I do. Last month I joined
Buckley- on his “Firing Line” television
broadcast where we discussed, at great
length and with considerable fuzziness,
issues related to social changes needed by
our society.
Or at least, we tried to. Such
conservations with Mr. Buckley tend to
get swallowed in a philosophical haze of
opaque verbiage. And so there were
digressions into the applicability of an
Eighteenth Century sage's quaint ideas
about who should vote, and other matters
bearing tenuous relation to the reality of
American life at the end of the Twentieth
Century.
Pleasant as our talk was, Mr. Buckley
followed it up with a syndicated
newspaper article piquantly entitled.
“Who Does Vernon Jordan Lead?” The
article hewed closely to the point Mr.
Buckley valiantly tried to make during
our televised talk.
Stripped to its bare bones, his point
seems to be that since the demands Black
leadership is making are related less to old
fashioned civil rights issues and are for
jobs, national health insurance and other
apparently non-racial items, then they are
not “Black issues” at all. Further, by
advancing them, Black leadership does
not further the interests of Black people.
Rather, it furthers the interests of what
he thinks is state omnipotence,
socialization, and inflation.
That’s heady stuff, as his claim that,
absent a Jim Crow society, “race politics
should be discouraged” and that the
issues Black leaders advance are not of
racial importance. Further, he suggests
the Black community is as divided as the
white community in such matters.
From his vantage point in a sheltered
ivory tower Mr. Buckley presumes to
advance the notion that Blacks should
reject the positions taken by virtually all
national and local Black organizations
and Black elected representatives. And he
remains possessed of the quaint notion
that a people disproportionately
* -'*• •
Sk
A dentist thinks of a tooth as a part of
your body that should be kept intact
because it has a function and is
important. But sometimes, a tooth must
be removed for the patient’s general
health.
Dentists extract teeth only as a last
resort. They know that man has never
been able to fabricate an artificial tooth
that functions as well as a natural one.
When is a tooth so sick that it should
be removed? Teeth may need extraction
when they are so infected and diseased
that endodontic or root canal treatment
cannot save them, when the tooth’s
supporting tissues are extremely disease,
when teeth are unrepairably broken or
when space is needed in the mouth to
correct or prevent an orthodontic
problem.
The most common extraction is that of
the impacted wisdom teeth. These are the
third molars that are never fully erupted
from the gums and that can cause
infection and other problems. Many
dentists believe the best time to have the
wisdom teeth removed is between ages 17
and 20 because healing is swifter in this
period. Other teeth that should be
extracted are abscessed teeth that could
spread infection of other parts of the
mouth.
Should an orthodontic problem exist
where a healthy tooth needs more
growing space, a general dentist or oral
surgeon will sometimes remove an
adjacent permanent tooth to relieve the
problem.
The extraction of a tooth is surgery,
even in the legal sense. It is done bv
for the support you and News-Review
gave the First Annual Fall Festival.
Our Festival would not have been a
success without the support and
cooperation of concerned citizens like
yourself. Thanks for getting involved.
Sincerely,
Ray Raymond
Chairman
Downtown Council
To be equal
By Vernon E. Jordan Jr.
Dentistry and you
Why and when
some teeth have
to be replaced
By Dr. W.J. Walker
Race and
the issues
unemployed, disproportionately
ill-housed, disproportionately subjected
to inferior health care, has no group stake
in issues of unemployment, housing anc
health.
The Black disadvantage in our society
is due to racial discrimination and racial
judgments. It is no accident of blind
neutral market force that Black levels of
income, education and other social
indices are markedly lower than those of
their white counterparts.
Mr. Buckley, and too many others,
would have us believe that getting the
right to sit on a bus should have ended
for once and for all, the struggle for civil
rights. He would have us believe that
Blacks as a group have no legitimate
interest - as Blacks -- in issues other than
breaking the barriers of formal, legalized
segregation.
Consider employment. Black jobless
rates are double those for whites; amonj
young people they’re even worse. The
crippling effects of joblessness prevade
the entire Black community. Blacl
representation in most professions is a
about two percent. Is it feasible or ever
responsible for Black groups to ignon
this racial disadvantage and to refraii
from reflecting their constituents
overriding concerns in this area?
And there is a special Black interest ii
employment and economic issues, so
while there have been periods of very lo>
national unemployment rates, Blac
joblessness has always been high. So whil
Black groups enter into alliances wit
white groups on economic issues, there i
a vital need for a specifically Blac
viewpoint to be presented. Otherwise, w
are likely to get measures that reduc
total unemployment while leaving Blac
joblessness intact.
In Mr. Buckley’s version of reality raci;
issues no longer exist, having been settle
with the civil rights laws of the sixtie
But in the real world issues of concern I
all, like jobs, housing, education an
health, are of central importance to Blac
group advancement. Race is a
inescapable element in them because
Black child born today, simply by virti
of his color, is less likely to partake of tl
rewards and responsibilities of our sociel
than a white child.
family dentists and oral surgeons and
because it is surgery, some bleeding cai
always be expected. Modem dentistr
assures that extractions are usualb
accompanied by a minimum o
discomfort.
If a tooth is lost as a result of diseas<
or accident, it should be replaced with ai
artificial one. This is important foi
protecting dental health, even when the
tooth is in the back of the mouth where
it may not normally be seen.
The efficient chewing of food is a very
‘complex operation. It requires that your
teeth be in correct position and that your
upper and lower teeth come together
properly. An uneven distribution of stress
in chewing affects the periodontal and
supporting tissues of the teeth - the bone
and gums.
As a result the teeth can shift out of
their proper position, allowing food to
become caught or packed between them.
This provides a good home for bacteria
that help cause disease of the supporting
tissues - periodontal disease.
A combination of all these factors -
impacted food, bacteria, uneven stress -
results in infection of the gums, damage
to the bone around the teeth and decay
of the other teeth involved.
If a child loses a primary tooth because
of an accident or disease, the dentist may
recommend a temporary space
maintainer. Children have the additional
need to keep their teeth for the proper
development of the jaws. The primary
teeth hold the space for the permanent
teeth.
If a space maintainer is not inserted to
replace missing teeth, over a period of
time the teeth on either side tend to drift
into the empty space. Then, when it is
time for the permanent tooth to erupt,
there is not sufficient space for it’
Therefore, it comes in out of its proper
position. This is one cause of ?
malocclusion, or “crooked teeth.”
Prevention of malocclusion caused by
too early loss of primary teeth is simple
with a space maintainer. Cure, once the
malocclusion has developed, may require
long and complicated orthodontic
treatment.