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Tips For Preventing Disease
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The Taylor County News, May 11, 2023, Page 4.
Taylor County 4-H Shotgun Team Members
Qualify For State Competition
Taylor County 4-H SAFE Shotgun Team attended qualifying at Camp John Hope oti Saturday, April 29th. Taylor
Countys shotgun team consists of 29 youth, with six certified coaches. To qualify for state, Juniors need to shoot 16 of 25
clays, and Seniors tieed to shoot 20 of 25 clays. Mother’s Day weekend, the 22 members who qualified will head to the
UGA Beef Research Farm for state competition, with over time hundred shooters from across the state. The 12th grade
seniors who attended were Rand Cross, Jacob Keith, and Trey Windham. Seniors were presented with 4-H graduation
cords if they had participated in 4-H for all four high school years and in other areas of the program. Seniors were also
given a camouflage gun case as a thank you for their time in 4-H Shotgun. 4-H Program Assistant Jody Pandolfi said t
T would like to thank all my wonderful shotgun coaches who dedicate their time and energy to this program and these
kids.” The certified shotgun coaches are David Windham, Nick Pandolfi, Wade and Shonda Blair, Mike Watson, and
Scott Niette. This SAFE program would not possible without these volun teers.
smemsmm gmmwtmm
Submitted by Jeff Cook, Taylor County Extension Agent
In The Home Vegetable Garden
By Macy Murrah, TCHS Student
Plant diseases are often common in household gardens due to lack of both resources and research. Healthy plants are more
resistant to disease than weak plants, so optimizing plant and soil health is very important. Common vegetable disease
problems include root rot, leaf spots, and fruit rot. They are normally caused by fungi, bacteria, viruses, and nematodes.
Diseases caused by fungi and bacteria usually happen when it’s hot and wet outside, so it’s best to plant cool-season crops
during the fall and spring months if possible. Scout your vegetable garden for disease often during warm and wet weather.
Soil-borne root and crown diseases are caused by fungi. Viral diseases in veggies are caused by insects. Be sure to check your
garden often for signs of viruses during times when insect populations are high. Nematodes are microscopic soil-inhabiting
roundworms. Nematode-based diseases can happen at anytime, but they thrive in warm temperatures. Nematode damage is
usually hidden because they affect the roots.
There are many things a home gardener can do to prevent damage to their plants.
Site Selection - Avoid wet and poorly drained soils. It is important for the site to be sunny and well-ventilated. The sun helps
the plants to dry quickly, which helps prevent diseases. It’s good to keep the foliage as dry as possible.
Crop Rotation - Only grow the same type of vegetable family in the same place once every 3-5 years,
Disease-Free Seed and Transplants - Purchase seeds from reputable seed companies. Only save the seeds of healthy plants;
many diseases are seed-borne because the diseases also contaminate the seeds of the host plant. Planting disease-free trans
plants can help get a crop established early.
Disease-Resistant Varieties - This is the most efficient way to manage troublesome diseases. Some disease-resistant veg
etables include tomatoes, squash, cucumbers, and beans.
Planting Date Management - Soil has to be a certain temperature suitable for the vegetable you want to grow, so follow your
vegetable's recommended planting date. Avoid times of year when pest pressure is high (warm months!, but don’t plant when
it’s so cold that your plants won’t grow.
Proper Spacing and Trellis mg - Space plants properly to allow circulation. If the vegetables are too close together they will
dry slowly, and leaving plants wet causes disease.
Proper Watering - Constantly wet soil contributes to soil-borne diseases, and water on foliage contributes to foliar diseases.
Water plants deeply and no more than once per week if possible to mimic rainfall. More water will be needed during hot and
dry weather and less will be needed during the cooler months. Water at the base of the plant, not the foliage.
Mulch - Add mulch to keep moisture in the soil and to prevent a calcium deficiency. Mulch also helps keep fruit from touching
the bare ground and reduces weeds.
Proper Fertilization and Organic Matter - Test your soil 3-6 months before time to plant. Most veggies like the pH of the soil
to be between 6.5 and 7.0, Organic matter helps to increase microbial diversity. Organic matter content should be between 2-
5%, High quality compost is a good source of organic matter, but wait until manure is well-composted before adding it to your
garden. Fresh manure can burn plants and introduce pathogens.
Weed Control - Weeds are a source of diseases and insects, and they also compete with your vegetables for nutrients and sun.
Good weed control will keep your vegetables healthy and increase air movement in your garden.
Nematode Control - Many species of nematode are actually helpful to your plants. The bad nematodes damage the roots of
your plants, so it’s often hard to detect nematode damage. If you suspect a problem, send a
soil sample over to your county Extension office. The most damaging nematode in Georgia is
the root-knot nematode, which produces knots on infested roots. Manage nematodes in your
garden by doing other things listed in this article. Optimizing the health of your plants and
soil is the most effective strategy.
Sanitation - It’s important to remove diseased plant material. Just like a sickness, plant
diseases spread from one plant to another. Remove and destroy diseased plants whenever
spotted or suspected.
Pesticides - Pesticides should only be used as a last resort for disease management. Home
gardens with almost any vegetables can be managed without pesticides. Fungicides can also
be used, but they are ineffective when symptoms of disease are already present. With any
pesticide, follow the included instructions strictly in order to work safely and effectively.
Organic Management - Organic products can help prevent but not solve plant disease issues.
Use organic products such as copper, sulfur, Serenade, etc.
In conclusion, the best way to prevent plant diseases is to have healthy soil and plants. You
can do this through site selection, crop rotation, disease-free seed and transplants, disease-
resistant varieties, planning date management, proper dating and trellising, proper water
ing, mulch, proper fertilization and organic matter, weed control, nematode control, sanitiza
tion, pesticides, and organic management. Healthy disease-free plants will soon be a dream
come true if you follow these steps. Happy planting! If you have questions or comments, you
can reach me at (478) 862-5496, (478) 825-6466, or mack)vC« uga.edu, More on disease man
agement at https://extension.uga.edu/publications/detail.html7number-C862
DATE: Wednesday, May 24 TIME; 2:00 until 2:30
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