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LEWIS DAVIS
ATTORNEY AT
Toccoa City, Ga.
Wili. practice m the counties of
•ham and Hflbttn , of the Nort western Circuit,
ai.d Franklin and Banks, of the Western
cuit. business Prompt attention vviit be iricen to all
Of entrusted to aim. The collection
debts wilt hHve special attention.
JOHN W. OW’KN,
ATTORNEY AT LAW
Toccoa, Ga.
Wat practice in the counties of TTabcr
sham and Fraakliu Collections attended to
promptly May l-Iy
W.M.PIERCE,
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—A [ 11 —k. j A OCCOA NEWS
VOL, XIV.
MY LADY POKAHONTAS.
DY J. ESTK.H COOKE.
[From the Cosmopolitan Magazine.]
In a work tinder the above title,
the writer of this article presented a
view of Pokahontas I hat was the re¬
suit of patient am! conscientious
study of the old records relating to
her. There is ample reason to be¬
lieve that even the majority of well-
informed persons have not examined
these facts, considering them either
unimportant or devoid of interest. A
gentleman of extensive reading and
critical culture, the author of some
excellent books, propounded this
question the o her day: “is‘My Lady
Pokahontas’ truth or fiction?”
The necessary reply was that both
were mingled, but that the truth, that
• k ; predominated; and it
s t ory ^ r may
interest . many who . share . the ."
persons,
the newly awakened interest in Airier-
( , history, to read a brief and can*
-
did statement of what I beueve to be
the actual truth about Pokahontas.
The subject is not at all trite, as may
be supposed by the general reader,
though the single incident of the pre¬
servation of Captain Smith’s lire is a
well-worn legend.
The romantic incident has natural¬
ly excited interest and sympathy, but
it is not the most interesting event in
the life of Pokahontas. What is apt
to arouse, a more intelligent curiosity
is the question of her real character
and her real relations with Smith,
which had a very important bearing
upon the history of Virginia, and
therefore of the United States, as the
settlement of Virginia was the first
step in our history.
I will endeavor to state what are, I
believe, the ascertained facts in re¬
gard to Pokahontas, leaving to one
side whatever may have been written
by her admirers or her critics, and,
more than all the heated controversy
as to the main incident of her career.
That is stmething quite apart from
this paper, which aims simply to col-
lect the scattered statements to be
found in the eld writings and to pre¬
sent the writer’s views for the read¬
er’s judgment.
Pokahontas was the daughter of
Powhatan, chief of the Indian tribes
in tidewarer Virginia, and was born
about 1595, as Smith states that at
the end of 1607 she was twelve or
thirteen. He made her acquaintance
aa a result of his capture on the
Chickahotninp river, the savages tak-
ing him first as far as the Potomac
and bringing him back to Powhatan’s
“chief place of council” on York
river, not far from the present site of
Yorktown. As Smith only was cap-
tured, all that then occurred rest on
on his own statements; and what he
stated was, that the Indians were
about to dash out his brains; when Po-
kahontas ran to him, and, taking his
head in her arms, begged Powhatan
to spare him. To this the Indian
chief consented, and Smith remained
with the Indians for the time, making
toys and bead trinkets for the child,
Powhatan apparently conceived the
idea of making's friend of him, vs he
offered him a tract of land if he would
come to five with him; and finally
consented to his return to Jamestown,
Pokahontas having thus made her
entrance upon the scene, frequently
reappears from that time forward, for
about two years, and, after an inter-
mission, more prominently still. The
settlers were suffering gieatly for
ood, owing to their improvidence
and the incapacity of their rulers,
This fact coming to the knowledge of
Pekahontas, who lived about fourteen
miles distant only, she appeared at
Jrniestown, with a party of Indians,
carrying baskets of corn, and venison
probably, on their shoulders, a succor
so important that a contemporary
writer^ whw waspreaent, declares that
Devoted to News, Politics, Agriculture and General Progress.
TOCCOA, GA., DEC. 31, 1886.
it preserved the lives of tnanv about
to die of famine.
Pokahontas afterwards came back
every four or five days, accompanied
by an ©scort of Indians, bringing food,
it seems, as before; and Smith’s sub-
sequent statement in London was,
that without this food, and that sup-
plied afterwards, the Virginia settle-
ment would have been adandoned.
These facts appear to be well estab-
lisbed by the published testmony of
persons then at Jamestown, and raise
the interesting question, What in-
duced the Indian girl thus persistent-
ly to aid them?
It is necessary to conclude that she
assisted the strangers and enemies of
her own people, either from native
goodness of heart, and sympathy for
them in their distress and suffering,
or from a personal interest in Smith,
The first explanation is credible from
a general view of her character; but
the second is apt to suggest itself, af-
ter a consideration of all the facts, as
die more probable. Many passages
in the uncouth records seem to indi-
cate that peculiar relations existed
between them—on his part of grati-
tude, and on her own of a feeling
much more romantic. Oue of the in-
cidents of the time was Smith’s re-
leaso of some Indian thieves at her
request, “for her sake only,” and the
expressions employed long afterwards
by Pokahontas in London, seem to
leave liitle doubt in reference to her
own feelings,
The general conception of Poka-
hontas is so vague and undefined,
that it is desirable to ascertain tho
precise particulars recorded of her.
fior courage, tenderness and devo-
tion have never been denied. \\ hat
was she personally? h rom the re-
ports of her contemporaries we dome
these traits relating to her. Her fuce
was attractive, to an extent at least,
‘‘exceeding any of the rest of the
Indian girls. As Smith adds that
she had “a great spirit, however her
stature,” her figure was probably
slight; beyond which there is no
more testimony, except that, the Eng-
ligh courtiers declared her to be “well
favored.'’ The stiff portrait taken of
her in London determines little, except
that Ur face was pleasant. Her
manners were characterized as grace-
and full of dignity by the Eng-
lish writers, who said that she carried
herself “as the daughter of a king.
Leaving for the moment the detail
of events, let us consider the person-
riel of Smith. He was at this time
t wenty-eight, and seems from his por-
trait, to have been gallant and hand-
some. His manners are said to have
been mild and cordial, though his
temper was irascible; and tho cir-
cumstancea of his first acquintanee
with Pokahontas on the York were
well calculated to excite a romantic
interest in him. Nothing was more
probable than that such an interest
should have been avowed in Poka-
hontas. The question is, whether the
records contain any evidence on the
subject, or any statements pointing to
the inference that she became ro-
inantically attached to him. We
have only the assuranue that he might
have married her; but setting that
aside as a vague statement of uncer-
ta ’ n meaning, there are several known
incidents that carry a strong moral
evidence with them.
To understand the bearing of these
incidents, it is necessary to look to
the dates. The capture of Smith
took place* in December, 1607; he
was permitted to return to James-
town in January;* and it was through-
out the winter and the spring of 100S
that Pokahontas proved herself the
guardian angel of the starviflg colo-
nists by bringing them food. Nothing
is said of her relations with Smith
during this period, but they must
necessarily have seen »great deal of
each other; and in the winter of the
same year Pokahontas exhibited an
unmistable interest in his welfare,
The colony was again famine-
stricken, and Smith sailed for the
York, with an armed party, to trade
for corn. But Powhatan was unvrill-
mg to trade, laid a trap for the de-
struction of the English, and nothing
saved them but the courage and de-
votion of Pokahontas. She came
alone through the darkness and cold
of the winter night, to warn Smith
that he was about to be attacked; and,
when he offered her some coveted
trinket to show his gratitude, she re-
fused it with tears in her eyes, telling
him that Powhatan would kill her if
he saw her wearing it. The result
of this brave act was, that Smith and
his men were found ready, and the
attack was not made, an attack which
he afterwards stated must have ended
j n his destruction,
In the next year, 1609, Smith was
painfully wounded, overthrown by
the faction opposed to him, and he
sailed in September for England, af-
ter which Pokahontas never returned
of her own will to Jamestown. As
sh© had constantly visited the Eng-
lish before that time, her absence af-
ter Smith’s departure must have ex-
cited tho surprise of the colonists;
and it was only many years later that
events occurred that seemed to point
to the true explanation,
Three or four years afterwards, Ar»
gale, an English captain, was sent up
the Chesapeake to trade for corn, and
was j nformed by an Indian chief,
whom he visited on the Potomac, that
Poka h ontas waa with him. As noth-
j,tg had been heard of her for a long
was probable that she had
gone thither to live, the inference
seem ; n g f a j r that she was no longer
interested in the Jamestown settle-
tnent . Ar g rtle took h © r prisoner, by
an ac t G f treachery, intending to hold
her as a hostage, and carried her back
to Jamestown, where she was treated
k i rd |y, but kept a prisoner,
What may be called the second act
j R life of Pokahontas then began;
ap<1 an event speed i] v occurr © ( l that
to fa i sify th ; theory of h er
l ove f or Smith. As it was ‘now the
yw|r ph e was about eighteen
years 0 f age, and a yoeng English-
man ^ John Rolfe, fell in love with
Erom a letter that he addressed
g| r Thomas Dale, the governor,
asking his advice, there can be no
doubt that Rolfe had conceived a
passionate attachment for her.
The letter is published in a rare
pamphlet of the time, Hamor’s “Pres-
e n t Estate of Virginia,” and is a very
curious production, coming from a
staid and “discreet”person, the char-
acter attributed to Rolfe. He repre-
sents himself as a prey to doubt and
great trouble; ought he to disregard
the command to the Israelities not to
marry “strange wives,” or marry
Pokahontas, and make her a Christ-
i an ? He was unable to decide on
his duty, he said; but a still more
teresting question is suggested to the
reader: Whether Pokahontas was at
the time prepared to marry Rolfe?
If she was prepared to de so, it seams
reasonable to conclude shat the had
quite forgottena Smith, or that the
theory of her romantic attachment to
him was a mistake.
As events indicated before very
long, she was ready to marry Rolfe.
Sir Thomas Dale sailed up York river
torestore her to Powhatan in exchange
for some English prisoners; but Poka-
hontas clearly betrayed her indisposi-
tion to be restored. She landed
amoug her own people, but treated
them disdainfully, scarcely taking any
notice of them; and when Powhatan
did not come to meet her, and made
difficulties about the exchange of
prisoners, the yo uprincess tossed her
head, and deelared that the would
NO. 21.
go back and live “with rhe English-
men who loved her.”
Almost at the moment when she
made this declaration, a friend of Rolfe
handed his letter to Sir Thomas Dale.
He read it, probably laughed hearti¬
ly, and, at once giving up his plan of
laying waste the Indian territory, took
Pokahontas back toJamestown, whore
she was soon afterwards married to
Rolfe.
These are all the known facts thus
far in the life of Pokahontas,
proceeded to live “civilly and loving-
lv’ with her husband, bore him a son,
“whom she loved dearly,” and, two
or three years afterwards, accompa-
nied Sir Thomas Dale to England,
Ou the fiu«» of this array of common-
place incidents, there is nothing to
support the hypothesis of any attach-
ment to Smith beyond mere friend-
ship; but soon after her arrival in
Eugland, a single incident in adrli-
tion again supported the theory, and
gave, indeed, a very strong warranty
for it.
As soon as the ship containing
Pokahontas, her husband and child
reached Plymouth, intelligence of her
arrival was carried to London, and the
event aroused general interest. It
was known that she was a princess,
and the first Indian that had married
an Englishman. There was then a
mild sensation that soon ^rew very
strong.
Smith wa9 the occasion of this,
Hearing of the arrival of Pokahontas,
he wrote an eloquent and glowing
letter to -the queen, described the
scenes in which she had preserved
his life on two different occasions, and
declared that, “during the time of two
or three years, she, next under God,
was still instrument to preserve this
colony from death, famine, and utter
confusion.” The letter attracted the
attention of the court to Pokahontas,
who speedily became the fashian, and
was visited by the nobility near Lon¬
don; but was only when he was about
to sail for New England that Smith,
who was in London, went to see her.
A brief account of what took place
in this interview remains, and seems
to support the orriginal view of the
feeling of Pokahontas. At sight of
she covered her face with her
hands, and for a lourr time remained
entirely silent. They ‘'on versed
with each other iri private, and among
other things she said: “They did tell
me always you . .*re dead, and I knew
no other till 1 came to Plymouth.
This statement leaves no doubt at
least of one fact, that some person or
persons m Virginia, as far back as
1613, when she was carried a prisoner
toJamestown, and informed her that
Smith was dead. As she remained
under that conviction until her arrival
in England in 1616,she accepted the
attentions of Rolfe, and married him
believing Smith dead, and her union
with Rolfe, therefore, is reconcilable
with her previous attachment to the
soldier.
Their interview seems to have been
brief, and one of passionate feeling,
full of reproaches and tears on the
part of Pokahontas, and apparently
of a vague embarrassment on the
part of Smith. It is not difficult to
understand why he should have ex-
perienced some embarrassment. There
is nothing to indicate that his attach-
ment for her exceed that of a grate-
ful friend. She had preserved his
life, and he sincerely admired her
courage and devotion, hut that was
all. His life in Virginia had been
anxious; he had had no leisure for
sentiment or romance.
But it seems that the case had been
very different with the Indian girl
dreaming in the York woods. There
is no unanswerable testimony that
such was the fact, but all the indica-
tioris support the hypothesis; and
marriage to another person does
Ja-ijY. MaUW
ATTORNEY AT LAW-
TOCCOA. GA.
B8T0FFICE up stairs over W. A. Mathesw
attend promptly to all business
ti n -ted to hi in. Special attentien given U> the
Collection of claims.
<y Jil. Smith.
d>.
ATTORNEY AT LAW.
Will Toccoa, Ga.
Hull Bnks practice In the countie* of Habereheia
given and Franklin. Spelal attention
to collections. Jaaitf
it, since she helived Smith
to be dead. The interview at Brent¬
ford seems to have been their first and
last in England. Smith sailed on one
of hts voyages, and in the eusuing
March Pokahontas died, making “a
pious and godly end,” just as she was
about to sail for Virginia with her
husband and child. It may interest
some readers to know that this child
becume a gentleman of note, and that
eminent persons in Virginia hav# da*
from him, among them John
Randolph of Roanoke.
It would he an error to suppose
that the simple facts above stated are
familiar to every one, since the dis-
tinguished major-general of the
United States army, whom I have al-
luded to, a man of culture, was oblig-
to confess that he was ignorant,
md to ask for enlightment. If our
national history possesses the import-
anco beginning to be attached to it,
as the “Historical Association” indi-
cate and the elaborate enterprise of
President Winsor demonstrates, it
would be unpardonable to be indiffer¬
ent to Pokahontas. The view pre¬
sented ot her here in personal; but
there is another view much more im¬
portant, the public view. Nothing is
easier to show, by the concurrent tes¬
timony of the old writers, than tho
fact that she preserved from destruc¬
tion the first English Colony iu tho
United States; and that, Jamestown:
once abandoned, the North American
continent must have fallen under the
sway of Spain.
Paint tho Town Red.
Apropos of the slang phrase 'tfl*
paint the town, red,* a well known
politician relates the following epi¬
sode :
Mr. B- represented a rural con*
atituency in Congress, and he wanted
to be Senator. Hi» opportunity came
one day, and when he founds that hie
name had been balloted for in the
legi-lature. he left his farm and went
to the State capital to keep his eye
on things. When at last it waa an¬
nounced that he had triumphed iif
the contest, lie rushed to a telegraph
office, and in the mad enthuaiasm of
the moment sent this message t* hie
family : ‘Elected ! Hooray ! Paint
old home red !’ He ataid at the cap¬
ital for about a week, celebrating hi«
good fortune, and then returned to
his rustic seclusion. On alighting
from the train he was half dazzled by
a scarlet glare that approached above
the apple-trees of hit orchard.
•What’s happened to the house?* he
asked in amazement,
'Nothing,* replied one of his fellow
townsmen: ‘only you telegraphed u*
to paint your old dox>e red, and w«
have done it. Here’e die bill.’
They had painted the house, and
barn, and pens, and hennery, and sta¬
bles-in fact, there was hardly a stick
on tbe pnroites that had not befen
painted a jubilant red.—Harper’s.
Test for Death.— -Dr. Charlea W,
Fox of Morris, Otsego county, N.Y,,
gives the following test for death : I
w j*h to give the public a sure and
simple test of death which J have
practiced during my forty'eight y'eare
i n the profession. First expose the
arm of the body, apply a thick piece
of paper with a hole in it an inch in
diameter on the arm attd wet a piece
and cover over it, and a hot attoothing
iron over it. The heat of the iron
will raise a blister. If the blister con-
tains serum of water, it shows still a
circulation going on in system; if
nothing but air, death. TMi
surc tcs ^* Another test i
tliin^^rfnch ofVhe ^
eml of the fin-
^ er If there is life the end of tbefitt*
g©r will show blood in it.
^ Matheson has cook atQTCf
^ ^ load finest quality for
ga , e at S p ec j a l reduced prices,
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