Below is the OCR text representation for this newspapers page.

THE KLONDIKE GOLD FIELDS IN ALASKA. y Tho United States Government In 1807 paid Russia $7,200,000 for the .Territory of Alaska says the Chicago {fimos-Herald. Alaska has paid back her purchase money in gold four times, having pro duced during the time it has been a part of the United States about $30,000,- 000 of the precious yellow metal, f' To-day tho eyes of the world are turned toward our frozen acquisition in the north, for within its borders has been discovered an Eldorado, seem ingly “richer than Pluto’s mine.” A few weeks ago the word Klondike, literally translated meaning Deer River, was known to geographers and a few miners on the Yukon; to-day it is on every tongue and is known as the designation, if the reports be but half true, for a gold-bearing district ’greater in area and richer in character than any the world has known, with the possible exception of California. ; The reported gold discoveries ofthe present day in Alaska and the report ed gold discoveries of ’49 in California afford many parallels. To the average man the treasures of the coast State were seemingly as inacoessible qs are riches of the Yukon and its tribu taries. One was more than 2000 miles "across a trackless “udfeert and over [snow-bound mountain passes, beset ipy savages, whose deadly attacks the trail with bleaching bones across the Western States; the other Is nearly 7000 miles by water, through a rigorous climate, or almost 4000 miles by land and water, with moun tain passes to scale as dangerous as those of the Swiss Alps. The fabulous tales of wealth sent out By the California pioneers were no less .Wonderful than those brought back by the men who braved tho last cold season in the Klondike mineral belt, and in both cases those who returned brought back with them great nuggets of the precious stuff that left little or no doubt in the mind of the hearer. •The California miner in the song who ■had so many nuggets that he was ac- Ichstomed to ‘ ‘go a hatful blind” finds his parallel in the Yukon miner who aims to have “washed out” $212 in lie panful of dirt—a process that re lires ten or twelve minutes. ! AS THE MINERS JOURNEY DOWN LAKE LABARGE DURING THE WINTER. Poor Man's Mines. , The Alaska and California gold fields (ire alike also in being placer mines. rPiacer mining is commonly called ft'poor man’s mining,” for the reason [that it is done without machinery, jyhile the implements required in the Alork are few and of small cost. A jplacer miner can get along very well yvith a pick, shovel and gold pan. If .the dirt is not rich he can accomplish better results by running it through a sluice box, but where the yield is in nuggets instead of fine gold he prefers to “pan” it. The great Klondike strike was made nine months ago, but nothing was known of it in the United States until June 15, when a vessel called the Ex celsior arrived in Han Francisco laden with miners from the Klondike, who in turn were laden with gold. They told almost incredible tales of the richness of the newly discovered district, where fortunes had been ac cumulated in a few months. Experi enced miners and “tenderfeet” seemed to have shared good fortune alike, and with some justice, too, for the credit of the discovery of the new gold fields is due to the inexperienced Sieh. Another vessel brought to Seattle a second party of successful prospectors and a ton and a half of gold. These men had endured peril and undergone MINERS CROSSING THE CHILKOOT PASS. great hardships in accumulating the fortunes they brought, and they told a story that had a dark as well as a bright side. To follow then- example means a risk of wealth, health and even life, but for those who are willing to take the chances the prospect they hold out is alluring. ; Location of tlie Klondike District. The richest of the mines in the Alaska region seem to be in the Klon dike, a few miles over the British border. They were discovered, as has been said, by a party of “tenderfeet,” ,who, against the advice of the old timers in the district, wandered “over yonder in the Klondike” and struck it rich. From Klondike comes much of the gold and from Klondike seems to come all the excitement. A few “tenderfeet,” going it blind, have stirred up the Nation. Out of the regions of their discovery has come, it is estimated, $2,000,000 worth of gold during the present summer. ■Nearly all of that gold has found its way into the United States. It is hard to tell where the Alaska gold fields are located except that in a general way the best of them are along the Yukon. There are a few “lode” miners near Juneau and along the southeast coast of the Territory (the most accessible part of it), but the ore is of low grade and mining is made profitable only by the most careful management. Tho placer mines, from which pros pectors are said now to be lining their pockets with gold, are in the region remote from civilization, little known, and, on account of its uncertainties, dangerously alluring to the average man. This gold-producing country of the interior is in the vicinity of the Yukon near where that great river turns to the west in its course to the sea. Before the discoveries in the Klondike the most productive districts had been along Forty Mile Creek, partly in British and partly in Ameri can territory, and tho Birch Creek dislrict, all in American territory. Along all of the river in this section, tributaries to the Yukon, gold dig gings exist, and in many places pay the prospector well for his trouble. In all the immense country over which the placer mining extends it is estimated that up to last year there were 2000 miners. The districts in which most of them worked were in a a broad belt of gold-producing rock, through which quartz veins carrying gold occur frequently. Through the. gold-bearing rocks the streams have cut deep gullies and canons, and in their beds the gold which was con tained in the rock is concentrated. Tho mining of this country consists, therefore in washing out the gravel of these beds. So the minerß worked, being fairly well paid for their labor, uptil the “tenderfeet” made the Klon dike discovery. That was nine months or so ago, and the news of it is just reaching the outside world. It was not long in reaching the miners along Forty Mile and Birch Creeks, though, and they shouldered their picks and moved forward in a wild rush at the first word of the new lucky strike. As a result gold dust and nuggets by the ton are turned into the mints out on the coast, and men who never before rose above the level of the commonest of miners have come back to civiliza tion and comfort loaded with gold t;o last them a lifetime. Take as an il lustration this list of returned miners who came on the Excelsior: Bfought Value from of Alaska claims. T. S. Lippy 8 65,000 81,000,000 F. G. 11. Bowker 00,000 500,000 Joe La Due 10,000 500,000 J. B. Hollinseed 25,500 William Kulju, 17,000 James McMann 15,000 Albert Galbraith 15,000 Nell Macartlnlr 15,000 Douglas Macarthur 15,000 Bernard Auderson 14,000 35,009 Robert Krook 14,000 20,000 Fred Lendesser 13,000 Alexander Orr 11,500 John Marks 11,500 , Thomas Cook 10,000 25,000 M. S. Norcross 10,000 J. Ernmerger 10,000 Con Stamatin ; 8,250 Albert Fox 5,100 35,000 Greg Stewart 5,000 20,000 J. O. Hestwood 5,000 250,000 Thomas Flack > 5,000 50,000 Louis B. Rhoads 5,000 35,000 Fred Trice 5,000 20,000 Alaska Commercial Cos. 250,000 Total... $399,850 - <■■'•*-" A Perilous l/olYVfu yl Every one of these men has a story to tell of the vast riohes of the neiV gold fields, but they tell another story, too—a story of hardship, trial and sufieriug through long winter days, when the sun was smiling on this earth’s other pole and leaving them in miserable cold and darkness. They tell a story of prodigious travels, of stagger ing journeys and the dangers that be set the traveler. They tell what a trip it is to reach the gold fields, and when they get through the faint hearted prospector, who isn’t thor oughly convinced that he wants to Un dergo the trial, decides to forego the trip to Alaska and dig up his wealth at home or go without. Some of the gold-mad adventurers, though,rush on unheeding, crowding into the Alaska bound steamers without anything like enough supplies or enough money to see them through ten days of travel on land. Miners who have been there say that such as those will perish. How to Reach the New Gold Fields. There are two general routes to the Klondike district. From Chicago both lead to Seattle, aud there diverge. One goes by ocean steamer west and a lit tle north, and passes through Dutch Harbor, at the extreme end of the southwest Alaskan peninsula. From there the steamer turns north and con tinues on to St. Michael’s Island, a little above the mouth of the Yukon, in Ber ing Sea. At that point passengers are transferred to the river steamers to be gin the long journey up the Yukon, which winds northward and eastward, and finally brings the traveler to Daw- Bon City, now the principal town in the mining district, although sixty-five miles from the Klondike fields. The cost of the trip from Chicago this way, as prospecting miners usu ally travel, is $261.50. It is divided as follows: From Chicago to Seattle (second class), $51.50; from Seattle to Dawson City, S2OO. In time the trip costs thirty days— four from Chicago to Seattle, sixteen from Seattle to St. Michael’s Island, and ten up the Yukon to Dawson City by the fast boat. The distance in gen eral figures is 2250 miles from Chicago to Seattle, 2500 miles to St. Michael’s Island and 1890 miles up the Yukon to Dawson, a total of about 6600 miles. The other way to the Klondike, tho “mountain route," is shorter in miles, but equally long in the time it requires and a great deal more difficult. By this route the traveler sails more di rectly north to Juneau, which is 899 miles from Seattle, and then goes by lake and river and over the mountains 1000 miles to the new mining terri tory. On arrival at Juneau the trav eler changes to a smaller boat and sails 100 miles north to Dyea. From there he has a portage of twenty-seven miles through the Chilkoot Pass. The last half-mile of this pass is over a glacier and the severest of climbing. Chilkoot Indians ore employed to pack supplies to the top of the pass, but from there on the traveler has to pack his own load. After getting through the Chilkoot Pass the traveler reaches Lake Linde man. At that point is a sawmill, where boats are sold for $75 each. Travelers who do not care to pay that price can purchase lumber and build their own boats. The lumber can be bought for SIOO a thousand feet, and about 500 feet are required to build a boat that will answer the purpose. Still other travelers carry whipesaws and get out their own lumber, and a man handy with a saw and hammer can build a boat in three or four days. J THE RIVER ROUTE TO DAWSON. To continue the trip, though, a boat is necessary and by some means or other one must be had. After seouring his boat tbe travel er floats down Lake Lindeman and Lake Bennett and then has half a mile of portage where his boat has to be moved on rollers. There is any amount of rollers to be had, though, for earlier beaters of the path have left them. This half mile overland brings the traveler to Lake Tagish, through which he goes six miles and over a quarter of a mile of portage to Mud Lake, and on to the White Horse Rapid3. Here there is another port age of three-quarters of a mile, and the traveler brings his boat to Lake Labarge. From there on tbe journey is through Thirty Mile Biver, the Lewis Biver, 150 miles to Five Fin ger Bapids, to tbe Yukon at Fort Sel kirk, and then down stream 250 miles fo Dawson. The cost of the trip this way can not be definitely stated beyond Ju neau, because after that pCint it de pends somewhat on the bargain made with the Chilkoot Indians, who pgek stipplies [through the pass, and the length of time the overland part of the jouniey requires. The cost from Chi cago to Seattle is the same as by the other route, of course, $51.50 second class and $lO more for first class. The steamer fare up to Juneau and on to Dyea is $42. What it costs on the overland trip each traveler determines partially for himself, but the Indians who act as guides and pack supplies do not work without big pay. The Centre of the Gold Kegion. Dawson City, the centre of the new mining region, although sixty-five miles distant from the Klondike, is Said to be a typical mining camp minus the guns. The British Govern ment enforces its laws in Dawson, and those laws prohibit the use of firearms, so few men carry guns. The laws of the camp are enforced by mounted po lice, whose captain is ajjjcivil officer. Though there are said tt> be 3000 peo ple in Dawson, few houses have been built, for the principal reason that lumber is SIOO per 1000 feet. The general fear is, of course, that there will be great suffering there this win- DAWSON CITY, IN THE KLONDIKE GOLD REGION. ter, and it will be increased, it is ex-j pected, by the rush of unprepared prospectors who sailed for the new : fields immediately on learning what luck had befallen those who have but recently returned. To give an accurate idea of the cost j of living in Dawson City, the price list of a general store there is herewith given: Flour, per 100 pounds @12.00 Moose ham, per pound ‘ 1.00 Caribou meat, per pound 65 Beans, per pouud 10 Rice, per pound 25 Sugar, par pouud -25 Bacon, per pound .40 JButter, per roll 1-50 Eggs, per dozen 1-50 Better eggs, per dozen 2.00 Salmon, eaeh @1 to 1.50 Potatoes, per pound 25 Turnips, per pound 15 Tea, per pound 3 1-00 Coffee, per pound 50 Dried fruits, per pound <5 .85 Canned fruits •..., .50 Canned meats ■■ • • •“> Lemons, each .20 Oranges, each ■ -50 Tobacco, per pound 1-50 Liquors, per drink .60 Shovels ft 2.50 Picks... .-nvftpf: ™ .8-00 Coal oil, per gallon , 1.00 Overalls 1.50 Underwear, per suit $5 to 7.50 Shoes 5.00 Rubber boots SlOto 15.00 Alaslta and Its Resources. In the purchase of Alaska, the United States acquired a Territory more than half a million square miles in extent, a part of it within the arctic circle and in the region of everlasting ice and A PLACER MINE IN THE KLONDIKE GOLD FIELDS. snow, where, during part of the sum mer, there is continuous day and dur ing the winter continuous, dreary night. The Alaskan ooast line is greater than our Atlantic seaboard, but the entire population of whites, Eski mos and fieroe Indians, who are called the Apaches of the north, is not much more than that of a ward division in Chicago. In acquiring the Alaskan Territory, though the United States moved its center, figured in geographical miles, not in area or population, as far west as San Francisco. The country now extends from about the sixty-fifth de gree of longitude up at the far east corner of Maine to the 122d degree up at the far northwest tip of the Alaskan mainland. This is taking no account of the little island of Attu, 1000 miles out in the Pacific, beyond the Hawaiian group, which, since the purchase of Alaska, has really been our western land limit. The United States, therefore, may almost say with England that the sun never sets on its possessions. The principal river in Alaska, the Yukon, up which prospectors have to work their weary way to reach the gold fields was called by Schwatka, the Alaskan Nile. It rises a little more than 200 miles above Sitka, in the southern part of Alaska, and then strikes northward, following a broad circle to the west before it empties into Bering Sea through an extensive delta. Six hundred miles in from the ooast it is more than a mile wide and the volume of its water is so great as to freshen the ocean ten miles out from land. The principal cities of Alaska are Juneau and Sitka. They are both thriving towns, and probably they will thrive from now on, for a time at least, as they have never thriven before. Alaska is ruled by a Territorial Gov ernor, who just now is J. G. Brady, recently appointed by President Mc- Kinley to succeed James A. Sheakley. The Governor’s residence is in Sitka. The citizens up in that frozen coun try do not vote for Prudent of course, being under Territorial government, but they do send delegate's to the Na tional political conventions. The judi cial function there is exercised by a district court, established in 1881. The court sits alternately at Sitka and Wrangle. [How odd for a court to sit at Sitka and Wrangle.] And speaking of Wrangle, among the things Alaska has done for this coun try aside from stirring up the present gold excitement one of the most for ward was to involve it in disputes with England on the boundary question and the seal fisheries business. Both of these disputes threatened war, but white-winged peace settled over the situation in each case and brought the suggestion of that newly invented English-Ameriean institution —arbitration. However, the boundary question is not settled yet, and the Brit ish lion is even now roaring a little and angrily swishing its tail because of a diplomatic (the British call it undiplo matic) note from Secretary of State Sherman demanding that British ves sels “keep off the grass” as it were in the seal fishing grounds. The Boundary Question. It was not unexpected, of course, that the discovery of gold in the Klon dike region would revive in a measure the old question of a boundary line be- i tween Alaska aud the British North west Territory, The Klondike fields are considerably east of Fort Cudahy and Dawson City, and both of these are on British soil. Into the new regions, though, Ameri can miners first ventured and made the first discoveries of gold. Since then hundreds of them have trooped over the border, staked out their claims in the rich hills and begun to dig. Should the Canadian Government pass an exclusion act all of these miners, of course, would be dispossessed. The difficulty of enforcing such an act, especially on miners who have staked out their claims, is at once ap parent. The result in retaliation by the Government of the United States is also easily imagined. The Domin ion Government hqx already established a custom house on the border, and is doing a fair business collecting duty on tlje goods that go into the new country, and miners tliiiik they will be satisfied with that. The exclusion of Americans would practically close the comitry for a time, for the best of the means of transportation to that frozen region are owned by American companies. In the past miners of any national ity have been free to enter any new diggings and stake out their claims without restriction. Canadian miners are now free to work across the border in the Alaskan fields. What the result of an exclusion act would moan to Canada in a retaliatory measure by the United States, Canadians know better than they can be told. It is not believed, however, that Canada will attempt to exclude Amer ican miners. It is true that the United States excludes Chinese, but Canada probably recognizes that keeping out Chinamen and barring the way for Americans are two different things. Topography, Population and Climate. The Territory naturally falls in six grand divisions. They are the Arctic division, a treeless expanse diversified by icy hills and mountains and with no inhabitants but the Eskimos; the Yukon basin, with its extensive forests near the coast and its inhabitants of Es kimos and Indians; the Kuskokwim dis trict, the Aleutian district, comprising the islands off the coast,(where fishing and sealing are the chief pursuits, and where the population is mixed Aleutian and Russian blood; the Kadiak district, including the mainland and islands south of the Alaskan range, and the Sitka district, including the archipel ago and the coast, extending south to British Columbia. The Sitka district is that seen by the tourists from the States. They gaze on its enormous forests and imagine they have seen the country. Asa matter of fact, they do little more than set foot on the Terri tory. The census enumeration of 1890 gave the population of the Territory as 30,329, of whom 4416 were whites, 82 blacks, 1568 half-bred Indians and Es kimos, 13,735 natives not Eskimos (Indians); 2125 Chinese and 8400 Es kimos. The number of whites has probably been more than doubled sinoe then, as the Alaskan gold fever set in in mild form three or four years ago. In winter the thermometer falls so low in places that no one will recognize it; MINERS CROSSING THE BORDER. that it goes down to 70 degrees and lower. During all this kind of winter up in the Yukon region little can be done but sit about a fire in a vain en deavor to keep warm, for darkness exists most of the time, and the life seems like that of a man uncomforta bly seated at the bottom of a well. During the summer season the days are sometimes even a little bit hot, but not for long. In that time, too, there is almost continual day, for that end of the earth (for it may he so called) is the one that is pointed di rectly at the sun. Birt as the summer brings warmth and daylight it also brings mosquitoes. And such mosquitoes. Creatures that buzz and bite in such a way os to make the dreaded Jersey variety seem by comparison like the silvery, angelic, sweetly, humming fancies of a peace ful dream. The travelers who return from the Yukon region tell stories of how brave and strong men, courageous enough to undertake tbe perils a jour ney to that country involves, actually break down and sob in utter despera tion and despair under the torments of these terrible pests. The ice and the “magnificent distances” of the country are not the only drawbacks to its exploration or to journeying to the goldfields; the mosquitoes must ever be remembered. Of course, in the southern part of Alaska, where Juneau and Sitka are situated, the winters are not so rigor ous. There the weather is compara tively mild, and in summer is said to be delightful. But Juneau and Sitka are infinitesimal as compared with the whole country, and they are not an in dex to what is furnished farther up and farther inland. Queer Place of Refuge. The passengers on a Tenth street trolley car were treated to an unusual sight early yesterday morning. As the car was bowling along in the vicinity of Parish street a couple of sparrows, one in chase of the other, swooped down in front of the car. The pursued, by a quick flank move ment, eluded its tormentor by darting under the roof of the front platform, and before the motormau knew what was up the bird had perched on his hand which gripped the lever. There it sat contentedly, while the passengers craned their necks to get a view of the : odd spectacle. The sparrow didn’t seem to mind the fact that the motor man’s hand was constantly turning around as he manipulated his lever, and,-after riding on its queer perch for fully a block, chirped its thanks and flew away. —Philadelphia Record. An Orlando (Fla.) citizen, who is known locally as a successful inventor, has devised an apparatus by means of which he says he can by suction trans port grain for several hundred miles ! from inland fields to river boats. j. a mS&agZj&ygz t nfesi Soot Water, Water in which soot has been dis- ! solved has always been a favorite with \ florists for manuring plants, and also [ at the same time keeping off inju ious insects. It has a slight smell of snl- j phur, to which doubtless its power to repel injurious insects is due. Some ammonia in the water makes it much more effective as a fertilizer. The soot is pure carbon, and has consider able power to absorb amnfonia, which it will give out only as the roots of plants surround the carbon thus charged and absorb it. Cucumber Pickles. The best time to plant cucumbers to grow pickles is from the first to the fifteenth of July. They will make a quick growth at this season, and be much less likely to attacks from the cucumber bug than if planted early. The secret in growing cucumber pickets is to keep vines very closely picked, allowing none to grow much, if any, above two inches long. If even one cucumber is left on the vine to ripen, it will take so much of the plant’s food that the roots furnish, that the vine will wither and began to turn yellow. A Summer Hog-pen. The swine quarters are often in buildings connected with the house, and in such cases are likely to become ORCHARD PIG-PEN. offensive during the warm weather of summer. It is wise in such a case to construct summer quarters out in the orchard. The cut gives a suggestion for a cheap little house and yard. The end of the yard has a sloping top, so that the pigs can lie out of doors upon the ground, and still be protected from the sun. The roof of the little house can be of matched lumber and left unshingled.—New England Home stead. of Ensiling Food. The logical conclusion of the large amount of experimenting on this sub ject at the Ohio and other stations is that the process of ensiling adds noth ing to the nutritive value of the feed ing stuff. “It does add to its paya bility, however, when the method has been properly employed, and in conse quence a larger proportion of the fod der will be consumed. In regard to the cost of this method, we do not con sider it any greater than that of the ordinary method of cutting and husk ing and stackiug aud grinding the grain, and certainly all this must be done if the food materials are to be thoroughly preserved and made as completely available as they are in well cured silage. The Cabbage Koot Maggot. The white maggot in cabbage root is tbe larva of a two-winged fly, which closely resembles the common house fly except that it is smaller. The flies appear iu April and early May and lay eggs at the base of newly-set cabbage plants. These eggs hatch iu about a week. ’ The maggots begin work in the young roots and proceed in their attack to the larger roots and finally the stem. In two or three weeks the maggots are full grown and proceed to pupate. After so ne days tlie next brood of flies emerges. There are about three such broods. The best treatment to avoid this maggot is to put cabbage iu ground where turnips, radishes or cabbage were not grown the previous year. There is no satisfactory remedy to de stroy the maggots aud save the cab bage, but the best is the use of carbon bisulphide. Inject a teaspoonful just under the plant when the maggots are first discovered iu May. It would not be safe to replant the same grouud with cabbage either this or next sea son, although late cabbage is not so much troubled as is the early crop. Lime or salt would not destroy or drive away the maggots.—American Agriculturist. Culture of Melons. Watermelons are excessive feeders, and many fail in attempting to grow them because they do not furnish suf ficient plant food to supply the neoes sary strength for vigorous vine and flue fruit,., Not infrequently water melon vi les turn yellow and die when they should be just in their prime simply fi om plant starvation. I prepare the ground as for corn. Lay off in rows twelve feet apart each way. I dig a hole about one alid one half feet deep and perhaps three feet in diameter. In the bottom of this I put a peck or more of good stable ma nure, tramping it lightly. Next put in a layer of soil, and follow with a layer made up of equal parts of soil and fine rich manure thoroughly mixed, aud, lastly, where the seeds are to he placed, another layer of pure soil. Sow seeds thickly and cover about one inch. When the second or third leaf shows thin out to two or three plants in the hills. If excep tionally large melons, regular “prize takers,” are desired, thin to but one plant 111 the hill. I cultivate about as I do corn, hoeing each hill after an entire patch is plowed. If very dry, cultivate often, particularly about the hills. It is some trouble to thus pre pare the ground, but it more than pays in the size, number and quality of melons produced, also in the increased length of time that the vines are in bearing, -as they remain green and in goiju condition until killed by frost.—• Orange Judd Farmer. The Horn Fly, One of our representatives writes that the little black horn fly is again appearing- to the great annoyance of the cattle and loss to the owners who are anxious for practical methods to prevent the loss of thrift which follows the discomfort which the fly causes. When the fly first ‘appeared in this country about ten yeurs ago, all sorts of wild stories were told concerning it. Among other things it was said that the fly ate through the horn, caused it to rot and laid eggs in it which after wards penetrated the brain. There is, of course, no truth in such tales, but the facts are bad enough, for the an noyance to cattle is very serious and prevents thrift in beef animals aud milk production in dairy herds. A great many methods of combating it have been tried with more or less success, those most effective consist ing of the application of substances of an oily character. Kerosene emulsion, applied with a spray pump, has been found quite useful, as it kills all the flies it touches. Good results have been seoured with fish oil to which about two tablespoonfuls of carbolic acid to the quart is added, the mixture being applied with a broad, flat paint brush. Two parts of fish oil or cot- ton seed oil and one part of pine tar is a successful application and the cost is low. At the Mississippi Experi ment Station this mixture was applied to three hundred and fifty cattle at a oost of only $2.20. These suggestions indicate in a general way the character of the remedies to be used. Any of them require frequent renewal as they only protect the cattle for from three to six days. When dairy herds can be confined in dark stables during the day it is best to do so, care being taken to keep the flies out. The horn fly is propagated from eggs laid in the droppings of the cattle, and it is therefore a good plan to break these up when the droppings have be come a little dry. One peculiarity about the horn fly is that it cannot travel well nuless it has cattle to ac company. If, therefore, the farmer can prevent the multiplication of the fly on his own premises by the use of the remedies and by breaking up the egg-bearing droppings, he is not likely to be much troubled, even though the fly be numerous on the adjoining farm. —Wisconsin Farmer. The Farm Uanlen. The garden is the most productive acre of the farm. If it is not, it should be made so. It is the most indispen sable part of farm life. Half of our living should come from our garden in summer. Not one-half the country people make an effort to have a garden. There are some that start out well in the spring, sow' an abundance of seed and never look at the garden again until they think it is time they should have re suits. They' take a look and cannot find any for the weeds have covered the little pluuts. Then they come to the conclusion that the seed did not grow'. They’ say all sorts of things about the seedsmen, and mow off the weeds and wait until another spring when they go through the same pro cess. Now this is all wrong. To keep the garden clean we should begin early and continue the cultivation until fall. It is impossible to destroy all the weeds while we are cultivating the early vegetables. Little patches of weeds around the garden will produce seed enough to seed the whole garden next year. We should try to plan so as to keep all the ground occupied in the garden. It will require but little more labor to cultivate a cabbage or turnip in a vacant place than simply to cultivate to keep down the weeds. You can sow lettuce in July and it will be nice in the fall. Cabbage and turnip can be transplanted into the ground when the early peas and pota toes have grown; or you can set celery’ and beets for winter use. Keep all the ground occupied. If clean cultivation is given, as should be done, the w'eeds w’ill be killed out and at the same time a good crop secured. Thinning out plants is an important matter in gar dening; beets and carrots will not grow to any size if left too thick. No vege table but the onion will stand crowd ing. If the soil is rich enough onions will grow to a good size when five or six stand together; they will crowd each other out of the ground all but the roots and will bottom nicely. The onion maggot destroys onions badly; a good remedy is to take the soil away from the bulbs no matter if the little onions tip over; so long as the roots are in the ground they are all right. By doing this the fly has no chance to put its eggs on the stalks aud then there are no maggots in the bulbs. — Farm and Home. A Poultry House IJevice. Where fowls are kept in confine ment, whether the season be summer or winter, they must be furnished green food in the form of cabbage, turnips, beets or cut clover. These should not be thrown loosely’ into the pen to become'quickly soiled, but put BACK FOB POULTRY FEED. into a rack -with sloping sides, like that shown in the sketch. The hens reach through the slats and eat what they desire. The top slopes so that they cannot roost upon it. If filled with cabbages, etc., they will com© down to the hens as fast as eaten. — American Agriculturist. Bruise Discoloration. To prevent a bruise from becoming discolored apply immediately water as hot as can be borne comfortably, changing the cloth as it loses its heat. If hot water is not to be had at once moisten some dry starch with oold water and eover the bruised part with it.