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Fall Care of Roads
lll.—Gravel and Sand-Clay Highways—Neces
sity of Systematic Road Management.
THE repair and maintenance of
gravel Hindu are very Kludlar te
those of earth roads. Before a
gravel road cun he effectively
maintained It should lie put In thor
oMgb repuir. The repair should restore.
In the first place, the drainage struc
tures of tint Hiad to proper condition
The graveled way Itself Is repaired by
first clearing away all refuse and veg
etable matter or other perishable male
rlul which uiuy have worked on Hie
surface from the sides or otherwise
The road should then he carefully re
shaped by a scraping grader and by
liand work with rakes. Sometimes a
harrow Is useful. Unless the road Is
directly underlaid with pure sand or
clay there need he no hesitation in
breaking up the old hard surface, for
anew luyer of gruvel will not oilier
wise bind well with the old layer. If
there Is an excess of large pebbles or
atones on the surface these should be
removed, or they may he used If of
sufficient amount as anew bottom
course on some considerable section of
the work. New gravel may then he
applied for a wearing coat Before be
ginning this operation earth shoulders
should he thrown up to bold the new
mnterinl and to prevent waste.
Where gravel contains an excess of
sand It does not hind and form u hard,
smooth surface. A moderate amount
of clay Is not harmful, hut where con
siderable clay Is present the gravel be
comes softened In wet weather and
the road may go to pieces. It may
sometimes lie necessary to screen grav
el Into sixes for repair work, as In
gravel const met Inn. The ‘‘fines"
should not lie piled on top of the road
In a thick blanket, however, hut only
• •* \ %
POORLY CONSTRUCTED GRAVEL ROAD.
enough should lie used to fill the voids
Kxeess "dues" not containing clay may
be ust*d as a sublayer In low spots.
The amount of gravel necessary for
repairing gravel roads Is, of course,
governed by the general conditions of
the road if n road has been allowed
to continue tinea red for It will require
from four to six Inches of consolidated
gravel as a repair surface.
A gravel surface cannot "stand up"
under traffic as a macadam road does,
and every precaution should be taken
to prevent the tracking of vehicles in
one rut. It is desirable to have a
gravel road crowned at least three
fourths inch to the foot, and. ns it will
always tend to flatten somewhat. It Is
well to have the crown a little exces
sive on anew road surface. It must
be remembered, however, that a sharp
A vIRAVKI. HOAD IN TIIK MOI NTAINS.
crown ou :i miitow twitl tends to
make team travel In one truck exactly
In the road center
’l'he details of hauling and spreading
gravel on roads require careful con
sideration. it is always possible to re
late the number of men shoveling at
the pit to the number of teams hauling
in such a way that no time is lost
either In loading or in depositing
gravel on the roadway. With a little
study, teams may be properly spaced
and the men disposed so that much
money ts saved when the job is fin
ished lu repair operations with
gravel it Is desirable to spread the
gravel carefully by hand, but a care
ful operator on a road scraping ma
chine cun do an excellent job aud
much cheaper.
The road surface should be w©T!
established by Hues and shoulders and.
If possible, rolled before any new tna
terlal Is spread. If the gravel Is mere
ly dumped upon Hie surface uud rough
ly spread with shovels, a good Job will
not result It Is usually necessary te
have one or more men with rakes who
cau constantly remove larger stones
und keep them ahead of the dump la
the bottom of the layer If large stone#
form a considerable percentage of the
gravel, men should he placed with
rakes at the pit or on the road to re
move them Frequently there Is suit
elent gravel on the road, and it re
quires only reshaping with the grader
to put Hie road In good condition far
maintenance.
The use of bituminous binder oa
gravel surfaces has produced good re
sults The essential requirements art
the use of well graded gravel with o
large stones or pebbles In the upper
layer and a thorough mixing of the
binder with the gravel. Large stones
on the surface tend to "tart ravel It
appears Hint the lighter asphaltic oil*
mix more readily with gravel ami may
he ini'or|iorated after applying by n*
ing a spring tooth Inirrow. Usually a
new application of asplniltie oil will lie
required after one or two seasons
where lliere is heavy frost Where
light asphaltic oil Is applied to a gravel
rood surface a brush harrow lots been
used to mix the oil and gravel with
good effect
Maintenance.
A gravel road surface may be effec
tively iu:t im it I utMl by the use of hand
rakes, a s. raping grader and some
(lines by the split log drag. The ruts
and horse track which develop may be
tilled by raking for a time, but later
new material must be added. When
holes are to tie tilled they should llrst
la' cleaned of dust or mud uud the
edges loosened with a pick.
Sufficient gravel of the proper size
for such work should be placed along
the road at Intervals. The piles stc c'd
be large enough not to bes- itiered
and wasted, and a careful record of
the quantity should be kept.
A split log drag or a plank ding can
be used advantageously in gravel r and
maintenance when large stones li ive
been removed. Sometimes a scraping
grader Is useful In reshaping gravel
roads The main benefit from the road
drag Is due to the smoothing of In I
pit'llt ruts and the constant preserve
tion of the crown. If serious ruts lie
gin to form at the edges of the road
they may be refilled by band raking to
good advantage
The material should la* drawn al
ways to the center, ns the gravel tends
to work outward. In using a road
drag upon gravel surfaces It Is destr
able to have both blades of the drag
shod the entire length with strips of
Iron with the dimensions two inches
by three-eighths Inch in section. It Is
well wherever possible to roll gravel
roads once a year.
Repair and Maintenance of Sand-Clay
Roads.
All the general features of main
tenance. such as clearing waterway*
and dressing shoulders, apply as well
to sand-clay roads as to metaled
roads. In all cases the cross section
should be carefully maintained to in
sure good surface drainage, and all
ruts, hoof marks and depressions like
ly to bold water should be smoothed
away, so that there will tie no stand
ing water on the road.
The special feature of sand-clay
maintenance is the repeated smearing
of the surface to close it against the
penetration of moisture as far as prac
ticable. The best method of effecting
this is to use a simple drag, such as
the split log drag, as frequently as the
surface seems to need it-
Tbe drugging should always be done
after a rain when the surface is plastic.
There are two periods following rain
when the soil is In suitable condition
for dragging The first period is al
most Immediately following the rain
when the road is very wet and soft.
Then follows a period when the soil is
too sticky for dragging, and this is
followed by a third state when there Is
a process In the soil analogous to
setting, and at this time the dragging
Is of greatest bcuefit
Dragging should lie begun along the
outside edge of the traveled way. and
the first return trip should be along
the opposite edge It should advance
toward the cent and the last trip
-rv.!d he made directly in the center
SAN ft S COUNTY JOURNAL HOMES. GA..J FEBRUARY ?(= 194
with the drug lluked up straight so at
to spread the accumulated material
evenly.
If at any time the road becomes
badly worn or out of shape, the entire
■action should be plowed, disk har
rowed, reshaped with u drag or grad
ing machine and rolled. It is not un
common when sand-clay roads urenew
to find that there Is an excess of clay.
In this case there may not have biwu
sufficient sand used in construction" or
It may have been lost bv wash into
tbs gutters. There should be a suffi
eicnt supply provided on the roadside
to restore the proper mixture
In case the road hardens In a rough
condition, owing to careless dragging
or to neglect, u grading machine will
redress it satisfactorily. Frequently
by reversing the blade of Hie grader
the effect of an excellent heavy drag
is produced that will iron out hardened
ruts and hoof marks.
Road Management.
The repair anil maintenance of pub
lic highways have suffered greatly from
poor administrative systems Such
work Is necessarily of a more routine
character than the work of new con-
MIXfKII THE SAN*I> AND CL IY
struotlon. and the failure (o rvogulze
Its importance has In the past led road
officials to subordinate ll to the execu
lion of new work It would "eoin that
ns Just the point In road operations
where stimuli!.- of e: e . \e or„..ulzn
tion was most needed it Ims bee
absent. The only suei e -fnl attempt*
at systematic repair and m ilnteti a- e
that are on record are t attempts
which have been managed with skilled
and strong central control.
A fundamental difficulty wish the or
gaulzation ol road systems which
must linml.e repair ami mamteiuinee
appears to Is- the failure to |-e oguize
that road work Is a trade which re
quires training. Training foi road
work must lic.e arily Is* obi lined at
the expense of the conimuuit As n
rule, road officials are not ill office long
enough to mature their experience, and
there is a constant economic waste of
road funds.
It has been found that the best re
suits follow In an administrative dis
trict where the mileage of roads Is suf
ficient to warrant the continuous em
ployment of a man who is either a
highway engineer or a competent road
builder, whose Interest is primarily In
road work and who has charge of road
matters in Ids district Where such a
man is employed from year to year h*
can select competent men for road
work, and he is able to plan with
confidence systematic Improvements
which must wait for successive annual
appropriations
Under a competent and continuous
administration there are many detail*
/h
r,\ ;1 a ,
li-> -a
THE RIGHT AND WRONG MIXTURE FOR
gravel roads.
which can le worked out for road bet
terment which are otherwise neglected.
It is necessary for economy to have
the location of deposits of all toad
material within a road district placed
cu the road map and the quality of
each deposit carefully recorded. The
care of all road machinery should be
tu competent hands, and it should be
housed and ready for use when the
season commences, a gradual improve
ment in the grades of more important
roads can be undertaken with an es
tablished profile toward which some
work is directed each year.
VO DO
every reasonable thing
that will make every
customer a “Booster”
for this store
That is ever our guiding
aim and ambition
Whether it is selling a suit or a collar button —in
the handling of a complaint or exchanging a garment
you will find that we do one with the same pleasure and
earnest endeavor to p ease as the other
We realize that your satisfaction depends on ma
ny things, and we pay as much attention to the little
things as the big ones
In buying our goods—in pricing them—in assist
ing you to make appropriate and "pleasing selections —
in guaranteeing you satisfactory service from every
thing you buy here —in painstakinglv serving you in
every possible way—in all these things, our aim and
purpose is to make this such a satisfactory pk ce for you
to trade that
Once You Try Us
You'll Always Stick by Us
MBS. J. T SMITH
UA \ , - .!.< IV
SlOu iit ward. &100
The readers ol this pa pi r will Is*
p<easts! to learn that there is it
leant one and rein led disease tha
science has iieen able to cure in all
its stands, and that is Catarrh.
Hall’s Catarrh Cure is the only
positive cure now known to the
.nodical fraternity. Catarrh luring
i constitutional disease, requin's a
constitutional treatment. Hall's
Catarrh Cute is taken internally,
acting directly upon the blood anil
mucous suifact's of the system,
hereby destroying the foundation
o‘‘ the disease, and giving the pa
lient strength by building up the
constitutation and assisting nature
in doing its work. The proprietors
have so lunch faith in Us curative
powers that they offer One Hun
died Dollars for any case that it
tails to enre. Bend for list of testi
monials.
Address: F. J. CH HXKY & CO.,
Toledo, O.
Sold by all Druggists, 7f>c.
Take Hall’s Faintly Pills for con
stipation.
HACK At Hi: AND KIIEC
MAT ISM VANISH AWAY
Men and women having back
ache, rheumatism, stiff and swollen
joints are honestly glad to know
that Foley's Kidney Pills a:e sue
etssfull everywhere in driving out
these ills. 1 hat is tiecause Foley’s
Kidney Pills are a true medicine
and quickly effective in all diseases
that result from weak inactive kid
neys and urinary irregularities.
Kev. C. M. Knighton, Ilavanna
Fla., writes: ‘‘l suffered intense
in in kidneys and back but alter
i iking Fnley’s Kidney Pills all u >
j. iits disi.ppeard and thn’ I am ;>5
yt irs out l feel like a young man
again.” For sale by Hill &
Brown.
Fmpire Laundr.
.lie s for th
Laundry <u Athens. Our bask:'
leaves every week. Leuv. your
a Ury at our store.
H LL & BR< W\
Heard In a Restaurant.
First Diner —"Let me see. I think
I'll order some lamb ' Second Diner
Don't! I nev r cr’?i lamb ii, this
tinea —It's muttu. wore vou get it.
Banks County Bank
INSURES DEPOSITS
1-niififciTMii *' • 1 t " 11 i
Pays Interest on Time Deposits
and
Extends to its depositing and bor
rowing customers all the banking ac
commodations and facilities that
any well regulated banking institu
tion affords.
Call upon us when you need to
borrow and remember us when you
have surplus money.
Banks County Bank
HOMER. GA.
L. X. TURK. Pres. K. T. THOMPSON, V. P.
O. WALTON, Cashier.
Acknowledge receipt of all deposits sent by mail, piomptly
Inteiest Paid on Savings Accounts and Time Deposits
100 PKR CUNT. SAFETY.
Treat Your Corns
With Care
By all means do not cut a corn
It invites blood poison and serious trouble.
Nyal’s Corn Remover
removes corns quickly,
A few applications are all that are neces
sary to insure you comfort, convenience and
freedom from all corn and bunion troubles.
MAYSVILLE/ GEORGIA
PHONE 18 THE OUAUTY STORE
“Postage Paid on Parcel Post Packages.”