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TIMELY SUGGESTIONS FROM THE Si ATE BOARD OF ENTOMOLOGY COTTON SEED SELECTION IMPORTANT TO THE FARMER Valuable Suggestions Offered Georgia Planters By State Board Of Entomology. Atlanta. On. —Georgia farmers have already begun to select their cotton seed for next year's planting, and the State Hoard of Entomology is ottering its aid by furnishing rules and sugges tions bearing on this Important work. All of the Hoard's rules are based on practical experiments, and if care fully feih wed by the farmers will ma terialiy help in increasing individual acreage yields and in eliminating plant pests and diseases generally from the fields of this state. The important points to be consul ered, says State Entomologist K. Lee Worsham, ar,- resistance to black root or wilt disease; resistance to root knot and antliracnose; fruitfulness and earliness; percentage, length and strength of lint; type of plant and dis tribution of fruit on the plant. Tile best place to make selections from resistant strains is in the spots where the ordinary cotton dies the most, and then select the hardiest and best developed plants. Root knot or nematode worms may be starved out by rotation of crops, while the best way to guard against this pest in selection is by choosing stalks which are not stunted. Antliracnose Is to be especially avoided. Tills is a fungus disease which causes the bolls to rot. Crop ro tation and careful seed selection art 1 tlie best protection against this dis ease A plant affected by antliracnose should not be selected even though it is resistant to wilt and well fruited. After tlie above mentioned disci are guarded against, tlie department urges the selection of the most fruitful stalks with a view to increasing the acreage yield. In the face of the boll weevil ad vance it is of vital importance, partie ulariy in Southwest Georgia, to plant early varieties. Early resistant eoi ton may be obtained by selections from wilt resistant strains of the ear Rest maturing varieties. While in upland cotton length of staple is not so important as in long staple, the staple should not be less than 7-K of an incli long. The strength can be tested by hand. No stalk should be selected which yields less than hi I S per cent of lint The only satisfactory way to determine quality of lint is to gin each stalk separately with a hand gin. MUST PLANT WHEAT LATE TO AVOID SERIOUS DAMAGE If Planted Earlier Than October 20, The Crop Will Be In jured By The Hessian rly. ..1 11 tl tr cfiub fl ' : . ' Atlanta. Ga. Plant your wheat late, not earlier than Oct. 20, if you would avoid serious damage to the crop from the Hessian fly. is the advice giv en Georgia farmer, by the State De partment of Entomology. Wheat planting in Georgia will be more extensive and general than ever lvefore. acc( rding to advices coining to the department. Winter wheat should be planted late, says State- Entomolo gist E. Lee Worsham. It should be planted from October 20 to SO; ear lier plantings will subject the crop to serious injury fiom this pest. In addition to late planting the hoard urges also in order to avoid the Hessian tiy. which is found all over the state, that the stubble of infested wheat fields should be burned; that all volunteer wheat should be plowed under not later than November 1, that rotation of crops be practiced, and that good seed should be planted on land well prepared and properly fertilized. The same rules apply, of course, to rye and barley as well as wheat, as they are similar plants. The foregoing are the general rules to be followed in fighting the ravages of the Hessian fly, a small mosquito like insect supposed to have been brought to this country by Hessian sol diers in 1779. It has spread all over the country. Contrary to the general impression, cold weather and heavy frost do not always kill them. Some times they disappear after frost, but TO KILL THE CORN WEEVIL USE carbon BlS ulphidl This Ordinary Drug Will Do The Work, Says The State Department Of Entomology. Atlanta, Ga.— Georgia farmers, and especially those who have devoted m°re acreage to corn this year, will learn with interest that the State jioard of Entomology has a simple and effective process for destroying the corn weevil, a pest which has done a good deal of damage to corn crops in this section. The corn or rice weevil, State Ento mologist E. Lee Worsham points out, has been one of the great drawbacks to growing corn in Georgia. Some times they eat up the corn in the crib b‘ f ore the mules, hogs and chicken-, g. a chance at it. The corn weevil multiplies very rapidly if given the op portunity. . , The effective remedy, declares the State Board, is the simple process of fumigation with carbon bisulphide, a volatile liquid obtainable at any drug store. . . . The time to do this fumigating is immediately after the corn is gathered. It ; s best to have a com crib with bottom and sides airtight or nearly so. T i Met and carbon disulphide shou.d he placed in large, shallow pans, and from 15 to 20 pounds ot the liquid should be used for each 1.000 cubic feet of space in the com cnb. The nans containing the liquid should he As to type of plant, the best stalks to select are those having long fruit ing limbs close to the ground with joints close together. The fewer largo stalky branches tlie stalk has. tlie bet ter, providing the fruiting branehei are more humerous. It is best to se lect the plants that have most of the fruit on the lower part of the staik, for such begin fruiting early. To maintain tlie resistant quality, seguing should be practiced. Tiiat is, diseased and r unted stalks slua'd Le cut out about July Ist and An; .1 1 1: t to prevent crossing with the resist mt plants. "1 he proper ginning of cotton select ed for seed is very Important. A hnnJ gin should be used, if possible, as this I 1 ■ away with danger 01 adulte ati 11 :• mixture with diseased seed. Ii the . ud cotton is ginned in a public gin , 1 the seed should le removed from .■ t east of tlie gin and other parts kefir ■ tlie cotton is run through, and he seed should be allowed to and: q> 011 .he floor or in a sheet; it should never he run through the seed-carrying auger. The State Hoard lias a small gin run by electricity and will gin free any 111 dividual selections the farmer may send. Tlie board will also be glad. Mr. Worsham states, i<> assist any fainter in making individual selections l’ar- Ues desiring to secure some of tlio State Hoard’s resistant seed this winter should write to the office of tlie Siato Entomologist here. As aii Illustration of what can !>■* done through seed selection and prop, r breeding, tlie Slate Department of Entomology, through Mr. A. t'. Lewis, assistant, has de veloped anew cotton called "l>L\u fifi," which is a combination of Dixie and Egyptian, and makes a long staph . upland variety. This ccttoii grown ft olll ~ifd furnished by the slat.' i-epaii meat, lias a staple 1 1 4 Inches long, and is now in good demand at 14 cents ;l pound. It will bring even more The depattment has a small quantity t tins seed on hand which it will nip olv to growers ns long us it lasts. If any cotton grower making a spo altv of seed selection, desires it and '. ill write to the department, ap ini representative will be sent to ! . farm and will render all P'e- ib'e a iit an ce. : : 1' • iiu ■ 1 in wheat fields several day after Do '. Tlie late planting and not the front is (lie real previ illative. There are two b:o is of the Hessian fly in Georgia. i spring brood emerges between F* b. II and -March 23, anil the fall brood between Sept and Oct 1). Experiment in Geor gia have shown that where wheat was planted even as late a O t. -’l, ■ me of it was infested. The only plantings in these experiments which showed practically no infestation at all, were made after October 10. The first effect of tlie larvae of die Hessian fly, noticed in die fall, about Dec. 1 or shortly afterward, is that the infested plants are darker green. The 'caves are thicker and stand up straighter than on the healthy pi ml hater in the spring the plant turns y and low and dies. Tb • larvae of the spring brood are geneia’ly femd under the culms at the first or second joint. Ilm effect is to weaken the straws, cans ing many of them to break and fall over so they cannot be caught by the binder. It has been found tiiat the yield from Infested straws is usually about one-third less than from healthy ones. All this crop damage can be avoided, in large measure by late planting of wheat, rye and barley, and by follow ing carefully the suggestions given by the entomological department for elim inating this pest from the fields placed on top of the com. The liquid evaporates very rapidly, and the gas which is heavy and penetrating sinks and spreads through the corn 'lib. It is a good plan to cover the top of the corn with old sacks or bur lap and leave it covered from 24 to 48 hours while fumigation is in process. It may be necessary to repeat this fumigation in three or four weeks. There is a double reason for kill ing the weevils in the corn cribs. They not only feed on the grain in the cribs in the winter and early spring, but just before the corn matures in the fields the adult weevils leave the nearby cribs and fly to the cornfields where their eggs are deposited on the ripening corn. Thus frequently when the corn is gathered, a large number of the larvae —the weevil in its early stage —are already in it. Varieties of com that are hard and flinty, and that have the shuck extend ing beyond the ear and closing tightly over it, have a tendency to resist the weevil. In planting corn farmers should always have this in view' and make an effort to plant those varieties which are resistant. Any further in formation desired on any of these sub jects, will be gladly furnished upon application to the State Department ot ERtosaolcffj State Capitol, Atlanta. BARFS CGLhTT JOURNAL HOMER. GA.. THti SWINEHERD. It doesn't pay to feed pigs after they me lit; neither does it pay to sell i"' kill a pig until it Is lit Separate the fattening pigs as they reach marketable condition, so ns to give the smaller ones a better chance. When feeding heavily, coriect ofs in the way of charcoal, ashes, salt and sulphur should be kept in nil I tie feeding pens and bog yards. Don't sacrifice tlie old sow that is a regular breeder, even If Ihe price of pork is high. She is the kind that makes the pig business certain In selecting young sows for breeders it is pretty safe to se lect from the dam's litters the pigs that arc most like her in conformation. LIME FOR BROOD SOWS. Necessary to the Health and Growth of Cam and Pigs. Tlie important e of supplying lime In some form to brood sows and young hogs is often overlooked by the feeder, writes II T Morgan in the Country Gentleman An investigator at one of die agricultural colleges says that a sufficiency of lime in tlie ration of the brood sow is fully ns Important ns a sulllcieni\\ of protein. One thousand pounds of corn contain only about I luve ounces of lime Tankage coni:ilns II Dont ten pounds of lime to eneli 1 I >■ >0 pounds, t.’lovr mid alfalfa liny con tain twenty and twenty-seven pounds respectively in each 1.000 pound r It Is evident that corn alone is not a satisfactory feed either for pregnant sows or for growing pigs, it is sur prising how quickly hogs will respond in winter to a ration of clover or al falfa hay. During the grazing season this mat ter of supplying lime and protein in addition to Iho grain need cause the feeder no coin cm. lull during the winter months both lime and protein must be supplied Wood or cob ashes or charcoal supplied In generous qiinn tili"s will furnish the animals with a sufficient amount of lime. They will also or.l ground limestone I have al ways ma lea practice of supplying air slaked lime to lipgs of all ages It Is estimated that In an average litter of pigs about six ounces of lime enter into the composition of their bones. If tho sow has not had a we,l balanced ration or has been fed on corn alone she lias had to supply the hone building tnn ferial necessary for the development of her young from her own body, and if this lias been Insufficient the pigs will be weak and often deformed In the head and Joints. Rickets, or rachi tis, is believed to be due to if lack of (be proper bone building elements. 'Phis disease usually proves fatal in young pigs and is much more frequent ly observed in the produce from gilts than in the litters from mature sows. A good way In which to supply lime is to make a hopper which will hold a bushel or more and have it under shelter. An excellent plan Is to make n square hopper and divide It into four compartments. In which wood ashes, air slaked lime or ground limestone, ground rock phosphate and salt shall he provided at all times. Place this box In the hog lot and arrange it so that the lings ma.', feed themselves at will. The cover lIOIIDI overhang suf ficiently to protect the contents from tho weather. HANDLING MANURE. Best Results Are Secured by Hauling Fresh to the Fields. This Is from Wisconsin bulletin No 221. on getting the most profit from farm manure: “it Is best to haul manure when fresh and spread It on reasonably level fields. There Is no loss by fermenta tion. as the plant food sinks into the ground-where it is needed. There are several systems of storing manure, all of which involve moisture and com pactness. “It requires two tons of fresh manure to make one ton of rotted manure This Involves much waste. •‘The average per year of mixed farm manure Is S3O per 1.000 pounds of live weight of animals. A ton of mixed manure contains about ten pounds of nitrogen at 15 cents per pound; five pounds of phosphoric acid and ten pounds of potash at 5 cents per pound, making If commercially worth $2.26. “Liquid excrement Is more valuable than solid, pound for pound. Water tight floors and plenty of absorbents are necessary to prevent Its waste. All farm manure is more valuable fresb than after storage. “Leaching by rains Is one great source of loss. Piles loosely built and located tinder the eaves or on hillsides lose half their value.” Feeding Little Pig*. Much of the success 1n raising good pigs is due to feeding. Little pigs must have extra feed and should not be expected to forage with tbe stock hogs, because if they do not hare good, succulent, nutritious feed when young they lose their mother’s flesh. Sweet noik and middlings made Into a thin slop is one of the most acceptable feeds to use. However, no more of this should be fed at one time than is eaten up. because if too much is placed before them the pigs will gorge them selves and often let some remain in the trough to sour Therefore It Is better to give just as much as they will eat. and still let them squeal for a Utile more. Overfeeding is often as injurious as underfeeding. Did government officials furnish passes to southern slave owners to pass through tne Federal lines to appre hend their runaway slaves as late as 1863? Yes t’nder the kigitivc slave law, until the iss lance of the emancipation pt'oclnmill ion, government and state officials Mere compelled to render ev ery aid possible to slave owners In pursuit of their property. Instances were many where ollicinls in tbe Dis trict of Columbia, itself, aided south erners to recapture their human chat tels, while army ollicers, having no authority under (lie law mentioned to do otherwise, were compelled to issue passes to these in pursuit of escaping slaves How are the principal officers of the Philippines appointed? What are their salaries? They are appointed by the president. The governor general receives $20,000 a year; vice governor general, $15,500; secretary of finance, secretary of the interior, secretary of public instruc tion, secretary of commerce, each $15,- 500. Who is the author of "The better the day the better the deed?” It is a very old proverb once current in Latin, "Dieenda bona sunt bona verlm die.” (On a good day good tilings are to be spoken). A French version is, “A bonjour bonne oeuvre.” What was tho electoral vote of Cali fornia in the last presidential election? Roosevelt 11. Wilsou 2. Is there any sure test for distinguish ing a genuine diamond from an imita tion? In case of doubt the smest test is to consult nn exi erienced jeweler, who 01111 generally tell at a glance. A simple test is by touch, a genuine slum 1 always fooling cold to the tongue, no mutter how warm Ibe weather or the temperature of the room may be It is also said Hint a genuine diamond If plunged Into water will he plainly visible uud will glider through tho liquid, while an imitation stone is nl tnosl invisible. Hilt no test is quite so sure as the Judgment of u diamond expert. Aro tho comptroller of tlie currency and the comptroller of the treasury one and the same person? No. The comptroller of tile treasury and Hie comptroller of the currency are entirely different ollicers. The for mer is an accounting ollicer, who re vises and certifies accounts after they have been passed by die different an <1 itors. The comptroller of the cur rency lias general charge and super vision of national banks. The comp troller of the treasury receives SO,OOO a year, tbe comptroller of the cur rency $5,000. Please state whether the assassin of Abraham Lincoln was ever captured. It bo, when? John Wilkes Booth, the assassin of Abraham Lincoln, was killed near Fredericksburg. Va.. April 2(1. 18ti.>, by Sergeant Boston Corbett. Booth killed Lincoln in l ord’s theater, Washington. A pr(l 11. What did the term Alta California as once used mean? Alta is Spanish for high or upper, and Alta California was formerly np plied to upper or New California, which is now a state in the Union, to distinguish it from Lower or old Call fornla, now a territory of Mexico. Is there a United States law govern ing the sale of cocaine? There is rio national law regulating the sale of cocaine and its derivatives, but several states have enacted such n law. What kinds of lightning are there? Lightning is classified ns follows: One. Striped or zigzag, developed with great rapidity. Two. —Sheet, covering a large sur face. Three.—Globular, when the electric fluid appears condensed and is devel oped at a comparatively low velocity. Four.— Phosphoric, when the fluid ap pears to rest upon the edges of tho clouds. Why does the secretary of the treas ury make his arihual report to the con gress when all the other heads of de partments make theirs to the presi dent? Because the levying of taxes, the raising of revenue and the making of appropriations aro matters of such Importance that congress prefers- to have the views and ivoominendatioEH of the secretary direct!} from him. How doe* the pay of our members of congress compare with that of the lawmakers in other principal coun tries? Members of the British house of commons are paid s2.bis) a year; of the French assembly, $3.000 a year; of the German reichstag. $750 :i session, with a deduction of $5 for each day’s ab sence; of the United States congress, $7,500 a year, and 20 cents a mile go ing to and from the capital. Please state the value in American money of the principal foreign coins. As nearly as can be stated in Ameri can money, the English penny is 2 cents; shilling. 24 13 cents; pound ster ling, $4.80: French franc, 19 cents; German mark. 24 cents; Italian lire, 19 cents; Russian ruble. 67 cents; Spanish peseta. 19 cents; Mexican peso, 89 cents; Central American peso, 83 cents. Has a woman ever been elected to congress? No. Where is the famous Orloff diamond now? What is its history? The Orloff diamond, weighting 103 carats, is now in the imperial scepter of die czar of Russia. It once formed the eye of an Idol In a temple in the island of Serlngham, in Mysore, and was stolen by a French soldier, who sold it to an English sen captain for SIO,OOO. After passing through several hands It was purchased at Amsterdam in 177a by Count Orloff for $450,000 and presented by him to Catherine 11. #f Russia on her birthday. What state or two states rank first in the production of stone? Hy the Inst census Pennsylvania was first, value of output In 1909 being SB,- 125,723; Vermont second, value of out put $0,32 1.300. Have you a record of the colored troops killed in the Spanish-American war? No compilation was made by the gov ernment, according to the adjutant general. A compilation of the casual ties of the Fifth army corps in the operations against Santiago indicate that the number was twenty-six. Please explain the difference between the Fahrenheit and centigrade ther mometers and how to read one by the other. The difference is one of grading. Fahrenheit culls the boiling point of wilier 212 degrees, the freezing point 32 degrees and 32 degrees below the freezing point zero. The centigrade calls the boiling point of water 100 de grees and the freezing point zero. To convert degrees Fahrenheit to degrees centigrade subtract 32 and multiply by 5-9; to reduce degrees centigrade to degrees Fahrenheit multiply by 9-5 and a dil 32. How did the word telescope come to be used in describing a certain kind of railroad accident? '1 lie origin of the word is obvious in its resemblance to the action of a real telescope, as the parts close one over another. Tilly use of the word originated in this country, and Eng lish authorities called it an American ism. Where did the expression originate about a man making his enemies lick the dust? I'salm l.xxii, 9, says. "And his ene mies shall liek the dust.” Is there such a word as moneycrat or monocrat? It so, what does it mean 7 There is no such word as money ernt, though ft would not be a bad one to designate one who ruled by menus of money. It would have about the same meaning us plutocrat. Monocrat means one who rules alone, an uuto orat. Jefferson applied the word to the Federalists of his day in contradis tinction to Democrats, who favored government by the people. Who is the chief justice of the su preme court of the United States, and what annual salary docs he draw? The chief Justice of the United States supreme court Is Edward D. White of Louisiana, who was ap pointed in 1910. Ills annual salury Is $15,000. is anew star added to the American flag as soon as a state is admitted to tho Union? No; not until the Fourth of July fol lowing ihe president’s proclamation of admission. This rule was fixed by a luw passed In 181,8 and has been fol lowed without exception since. Which is the oldest national flag now in use? The American, the design of which remains die same as it was adopted June 14. 1777. except for the addition or a star for each stale when admitted. The design of the present flag of Great Britain was adopted In 1801, that of Frame in 1794. that of the German empire in 1871. that of Italy In 1848. Was the office of poet laureate of England ever declined by any person to whom it was offered? I! was declined in 1757 by Thomas Gray, author of the celebrated elegy, am: by Sir Walter Scott In 1813. Wordsworth before accepting the office stipulated that no formal effusions should be considered a necessity. How many cubic inches are there in a gallon, and what is the weight of a gadon of water? The standard gallon of die United Siat.-s contains 231 cubic inches nnd M;;;; (eight and thlrly-d; ee hundredths! pounds ui distilled win. r. The English imperial gallon contain 277 cubic inch es ami ten pounds of and -tilled water. Tell me the estimated number of fol lowers of Islam at the present time? There are nearly 200,000,000 Mos lems. The Turkish government has officially estimated the number at 176,- 000.000. divided as follows: Turkish domination. 18,000,000; other parts of Asia, 99.000,000; Africa, 36,000.000; other countries and tbe islands of the eastern sens, 23,000,000. Some esti mates are larger. By census of 1901 British India alone contained 64,458,- 000. Mann in 1900 gave the following figures: Malay archipelago, 31,042.000: China, 32,000,000; Africa, 80,000,000: total, 200,313,845. What race founded the ruined city of Baalbek? Syrian sun worshipers. What day did Lent begin this year? Wednesday, Feb. 5. Who wrote “The Soul Here and Hera after,” and ia the author still alive? Charles Marsh Mead. Died Febru ary, 1911. PLANT QUARANTINE SAVES MILLIONS How Entomological Department Keeps Infested Plants and Trees Out of Georgia. Atlanta, Ga. —It Is Impossible to es timate In dollars and cents, says the Georgia State Hoard of Entomology, what this state has saved In the re cent past on account of strict quaran tine laivs against plant insects and diseases. Hundreds of thousands of dollars more might have been saved. If the quarantine laws had been en acted in time to keep out such pests as the destructive San Jose scale. Native enemies to vegetation, says the department. In a recent bulletin, have grown steadily worse with im proved agriculture; and It Is the duty of the state, through the department, as well as through laws governing the shipment here of plants and trees, to meet these problems of seriously in jurious insectß and diseases, to eradi cate them where possible, and in any event to minimize their power to de stroy. , If the quarantine laws were not en acted In time to keep out the San Jose scale, they came soon enough, State Entomologist E. Lee Worsham points out, to hold back the Mexican cotton boll weevil, until he gets here by his own unaided efforts. If It had not been for strict observance of the Georgia quarantine laws the cotton boll wee vil and other pests would have been in this state twelve to fifteen years ago. Makes Careful Inspection. Through the State Department of Entomology, Georgia now makes an annual inspection of all plants and trees offered for sale In the state, and does not permit the sale or distri bution of a single specimen that is diseased. The department, likewise, maintains, tinder the Georgia laws, a strict quarantine against Infested nursery stock from other states and foreign countries. No nursery stock can bo shipped into Georgia from any where unless it has a certificate of inspection from the entomologist in die state or coutnry in which it origi nates, as well as a certificate front the Georgia Department of Entomol ogy. Any shipments, made other wise, are in violation of the Georgia law and subject to prosecution. No person can even give logally to his friend or neighbor trees or plants un less they have been inspected by the State Board of Entomology and found to be healthy. With the exception of the boll wee vil there are no more serious insect pests occurring In this country than lirown tall and gypsy moths now pres ent In New England and many parts of Europe. There Is a strict quaran tine on all plants from New England and other infested areas of Europe. This is regarded as so important that a careful Inspection of all shipments of nursery stock from foreign coun tries is made upon arrival in tlie state, even though such shipments bear a certificate of inspection from an offi cial Inspector. Other Dangerous Pesti. Some of the pests which are serious, and do not now occur in Georgia, are the Morellos fruit worm found in Mex ico, the olive fruit worm of the Medi terranean countries,'and various scale Insects attacking fruit trees in China, Japan and other Oriental countries which are just as serious as San Jose scale. Some of the plant diseases are such diseases us "potato wart” found In Hungary and now occurring In Eng land and other European countries and In New Foundland; and the white pine blister rust of Europe which would probably mean complete de struction of our pines. The Georgia quarantine against Mexican cotton boll weevil consists of a strict prohibition of the shipment of all articles from boll weevil areas that are liable to contain weevils such ai< seed cotton, cotton seed, cotton BeeJ hulls, cotton seed sacks, pickers’ sacks, corn in shuck, Spanish moss and household goods packed In any materials liable to contain weevils. Until recently there was a strict quar antine against cotton lint in bales or compress, but It is believed by all en tomologists to be entirely safe to per mit such shipments and the quar antine has been itted by the state on cotton lint. r AT AND HEALTH HINTS By DR. T. J. ALLEN Food Spwolfiil.-.t LEARNING TO MASTICATE PROPERLY. Prof. Irving Fisher of Yala University finds that "s distinct benefit results from thorough mastication of food, when It Is done naturally and not labori ously, with the attention bn the taste and the enjoyment of the food, and not on the mere me chanical act itself.” To learn to eat slowly we must give It some attention. It may even be nec essary to fix upon a definite number of chews for each mouthful till the habit of thor ough mastication becomes well established, when the chewing may bs left te take care of It self, like every other good habit. It Is said that Gladstone once adopted a rule to chew thirty times, from whose good results Mr. Fletcher got the suggestlen for his campaign of education. Many good habits are estab lished by first giving painful at tention to a process, which In time becomes habitual, and Flat cherlzlng Is no sxception. (Copjrlfht. I*ll, by Joseph B. BoWla*^