Newspaper Page Text
‘,Q^TT r: ‘ .
oxl/ U/-'JL 11 lt tv iN JlilNl- i Ilil vi lA
*.•- O ° a
VOL IV.
o
(Enterprise.
>V RENLAT . Proprietohi.•
. *'* RTAi SSI K. MSEAD.
• SI IJi( KIP I iu\. .*
t TERMB.
• The “Socthkrs £xterprise” iapobliabed Weekly
at l ” u D?>t * paiil in advance. It not
paiJ.in 8 advance, Three Dollars will invarfiiblv be I
charged. . .
(Jrders far the “ KnifFuti ” should be Sfcotapapied
liy tii*- 1 ash. rhose wishing tin-dlfteotion of their pager ,
( chunked will a <iit\ us trisa what ■ Mi< >• it t'l In- tnis
terrvd, with th*; Naan.-, (x>m;ty 1 Suire.j>l:iiiilyKvritti-n.
, ..... •
® . A IS! MIM SSIM.*.
0 tehms? .
,\ ° -t q\ ts will be published at One Dollar
j*er square of twelve 1: -nr li-- g? the tir>t insertion.
And Kim ( i■■ i- . insertion. Thebe
not .i[H-cifii il*i.s to the time, will lie jmhlislied until order
edftmt and charged accordingly. •
Obitiakv Notices, not exceeding’ six lines, will be
published jft.it i-. but # ( ’ t ’ l. tit a iti of Ox. 1 : Dul.l.uti
for every twenre printed lines exceeding. that number, j
must accompany all longer. • .
• Advej o please band ip their Csvdft) previ
ous to.lo o'clock on
• -*
fO.UK ACT AWVKtJTISK.n
Our contracts With Advertisers will be governed by
the following Utiles, each square In'ing c<fliij%>s<-il ot
twelve solid Million lin<o- :
• •
- .1:1 J
. i l i 1
-•~ ? j ~
Length or Advertiskmkxts. ~
• • • - > .
• • w r-s • 2 * ‘S •
*•••a 5 X = £
; : i *■ * : •:
ff )ne 8 i tsire * • ....
Two -s!. .8 00 ii 0Q 184M* 20 00
’lhi r< se Squares.. 10 oojlfi 00 21 Os! 25 00 i
Four Squares 12 00 17 00 22 00 26 00 *
Five. Squftres. ?.* J! 00 20 00 25 00 •!') 00
Six* Squares. 18 00 24 00 30 00 35 00 I
One Half Column 2-> 00 30 00.35 00 40 00 I
Three Fourths Column 35 AO 11 00 52 00 60 ()0 ,
One Column ......150 00 6Q 00; 70 001*80 00 |
t'g- J Bi-sinks- Oiiiti* for the term of oju- year, will be j
charged in proportion to the spacq they occupy, at One
I>ol?. tit per Line, soliiT.Minion.f *” •
--a -
s. *•; /\ 5- asS v e tj s e .?i s: ax'*.
All persons having occasion to advertise Legal Sides.
Noticesretc., aR- (••impelled b,\.law to comply with tlie
following rules: * • •
A <i m Hi isiVn I :>•*. ntiarilinixi
All sales of Land aad Negroes by Administrators,
I’ixa utor* oft Guardians, are required by law to be
held on the first Tues-.lav in the month* between tile
Innas of tati o’clock in ole ftycnootf, ami three iiwtla* |
nftenfoou, at tl><* Courthouse in Plio .county In which ;
. rtie properly is situate. Noticespt these stiles must
be nryn ii* a public Gazette Forty Days previous to ;
the day of sale. • • •
Nnlr of I'crsonal Proprrlf:* •
Natkep of the sale of Personal Property must be
given at least Ten Daft- previous to jlit- day of*sle.
Rotate /Irlitors :si*! fi-rilitors: • •
• • Nonces to Debtors Hnd Creditors qjl an estate must
• be published forty Daya • •. •
fßrt of Ordinary Leave to Sell:
• Notice that application wjjl be*made to the Court ;
of Ordinary for leave to sell Land or jSVgroes, must
• be published week If for fwo Mouths. •
AlOiiiiistmlio:i jia 1 <■> nilriliansbip :
Citations for *Letffcrs of Administration must* lie
. published Thirty Days: for Di.-guissio* from Adifiip*
Ist ration, lifontlily tor Six Moiiihs; lor Dismission
fron 6ur%nsbip. (ort] Day% ts .
Eorcclosnrc of iloltgage: • * • •
•Rules for TJwreclosure of Mortgage wit.-t h* pub- ,
imbed monthly for Fbur Months. •’
E*labli!iing Lost Papers: • * • .
•Notices for estaNish'.og Lost Papers raftst be pub
lished fbr the ftdUeitn es J*l>i'ec Months*
PsblicAtions will always be continwed according
to the ‘abqrwrulea, nnk&others • lyed.
* ■ ■ ■ j"--
LAW CARDS.
> •. • • .
•* • •
. Sp?m;cr, & fjb'-fUTr,
ATTOfeItEYS AT LAW,’
• .* TlfOM ASVJLLE, 6A?
# 1’ Sr F LI K • ° . SiKN'CKH.
. *Jafob Walsoli,
Attorney at law,
• lIOMIrnSVILLE,* CLIAfl* CO, GA.
ayr24 * * * • * h’ .
• Edward M. West,
Attorney ata.aw. . •
. . TALLAHASSEE, fLA. •
“Practices in the Supreme Court of Florida tod the Cir- I
.ctait Coftitß of the Circuif. T tab -* 4\
. * . * llfxaatlfr Evc. • ”
Attorneys at law,
THGMASYILLE, G.V
J. K. iLL\t(DSr, [leb f3j . P- L. Love. .
,‘ _i * j. R, R. Stanley,
Attorney at law, . . *
Ql NL’.MA-\. GA. ,
Will practice in the .< onntieS of the Southern Circnif,
•nd <Jonee # Clinee, Ware ami *Eehols of the Brunswick
Circuit. * • •_ dee 17 t 4' <
, W*. B.* Ben net, # . *.
Attorney at law,
QUIT MAN-15ROOKS CO .GA.*
Will preetice itv*Thomas. Lowndes, llrmlks and Herri- ‘
B Counties. .
* a. .* L
Attorney at law, . :
dVAiiEsiwnoren, g \?
Will practice in the counties of the ISvunswiek ( itetti ,
ami in hoirtidea and Bqpnen < mijties of the Southern
Circuit,* “*• 1! tt
; l
Jolm M. Dysop,
Attorney at law, *
# TUOMASVILLE, GA. o
Office next uoor to Dr. Bru - *.mh 18 tt
n— ® ;
li. lliiies, . 0
• A Ttorney at law,
,fi je 26-ts .. . THOMASVILid?, GA.
*° l>. t. Bryftn,
Attorney at law. ,
. 10 THONIASVILLE, GA. 8
S•— =——-£• |
° E. C. Morgan,
8 A ■btorney at law, .
i3L 8 NASHVILLE, BERRIEN CO., GA.
ia the Counties es the Southern Circuit;
and the Cißliities of D< olyfWorth and Dongbertv of the
Coffee, Clinch an 1 Wafe of the Brunswick
Circuit. Address .-it Flat Citek Cost Office, Ga*
mh 18 * ts a . j
• 11. T* Peeples,
Attorney at law, ° 8 *
NASHVILLE, BERRIEN*CIV 8 C, V.
je 12 .* ts o
._ . 1
Cherokee Baptist College.
CASSVILLE, CASS COUNTY, GEO. .
81:1-3.30 to fr Fft> }} < eWs
* (ion. If on rl. I.oiling. Wnshing: fuel, anil
Mchool lucidciilnlsVot : 3 oiing >•
rptIEUE ARE SIX C’LAS'KS. two # Academic and
1 four Collegiate.) Students are rt?ceive<kat any state
*f>f preparation, and for any studies they ma? seleet.
° Tuition pavahle in advances lbwirding m private t;|m
•lit. Pta>visi<<tis for two hundred students.
Tor.further particulars, address
Rev.THOS. K A MB ACT, LL. D.. PreeL
N. B.—Spuing Session opens Thursday, .lantta.ty D,
186), . . * jan 9-lv .
; ; 1861.
Baptist Temale College, ■
• CCTJIBKRT. GEORGIA.
The fall term begins the secc*nP>
Hominy in Jntiuary.
• wiftnifent or Prof. DAGG wiy aid friends who
desire Hoard for their difughjors. Many of our Jiest o'iti
zens have.consented to open their houses to accommodate
the pttr.ils. • #
tv friends, ft and bu iiie Ciilc.ge, these hard times*
for Tuition Few wBl bejgnnted, if wmin
ry, to N.ponsible patrovs. . •
•* % . .K- D KALL4BT, PmUdt.
(JuthWrt, Ga • January 2, 1861. . -
* • •
v B It f V > A? H*F N E A I .
’ Proprietor!*.
• MEDICAL AND DENTAL CARDS*.
• 8 ‘ * •
# • 0 o
. • [medicai. ArdJ
• D;>. X Reed’!* .
HAVIN'); FOIi.tIED A CO-PARTNERSHIP IN
. the practice of Medicine, offer their services to the
public.
‘ -g < Iffice, the one ocgn{ded bv Brace for namy years.
They have opened a HOSPITAL for t 8- >-oiiveliigia e
• of those owning slaves renoiring Surgical attention; and
* pool- white p< rsqns. not aide to pay? will > treated gratis.
A. I oillltiod it ions colufo* , ! 10.
• • R JBRU< ?•:. M D.
Jjme 24, iB6O. 8 * J. K M REED, U I
8 Dr.’\. U McDonald.
i N TENDERING HIS PROFESSIONAL SERVICES
a # to the people of 1 homasvill ieinitv, w#nld in
form them that he has been practii ing medicine in .1.
B sotq County, Florida, for five years, during which time be
lias in--t and treated most of the disea.-cs which occur
this Altitude. o
OITICE. on the side stm t, near tin- olHce formerly
occupied bv C. ,1. Hiil i is. 0 °
Ri;siitj : i;. the i, us ■ form- ly occitpi'd by*! 8 .. L.
Andei-son. • •
TJiomasville, Jauiutry 7, 1860. ts
J 88 •
Dr. S. S. Adftms, •
H'EKKBY INFORMS his FRIENDS AND THE
public, that 1* will continue the <-! nn-di
cine at ti*- old stand ud respectfully tenders hiirtservices
to the fmblic. 8
Thomasville, April 2, 1860. tti
8 [t B r.K(u:.M puactici:.! . °* 8
Dr. S. E2o\vcr, .
OFFERS* HIS PROFESSIONAL SERVICBS TO
the citizen?of Thqinasville and vicinity.
Cal is tit ajl houi-tq pwuutpl v attended. •tub I 8 ts •
__ - v *-• —V- •-
Hr. Brandn,
Has rem<A'j-:d to the okfue f<irmerly
by John .Miller. Fsij#, as a Law Otlice.
Calls promptly attAided. *
’ v? Special attention will be gijeu to Stq-gera and
Surgical Dist ases. •
Thomasville, .January 15, 1860. ts
Da-N.H. E?. & Sd, O. Arnold,
Resident Dentists. Thomasville, t!a.
\vrH.lf AVE TiiF PRACJiCAL A>*VANTA< *F (tF
I•’ • fifteen ‘years experience in every. .
f branch of the profession.
M e can B refer to many v. h > have had the CQN : r>^ydp-ii
heiyfit of our operations jji tliie County fA- T I.J
j the pasl.six years. # *.
We every facility fßr doing the best ** * . .•
8 Plate-Words,. 8
NOW KNOWN* IVJIKII ?s DENOMINATED
•.. Continuojis Gum Work*,
on Platina Plate, which is impervious to any of the acids,
even in a concentrated form.* * .
, Teejh lillml with l*ue gold in a su]ierior manner. •
i Viti cuts la voting us with their confidence may rely*
upon our fttniost exertions to perform every operation in
as perfect a nmmnteras'possilde. nifl 10 8’
! j — • •—■ —
New Drug Store,
D. *. s. itowcii has openec P>rug Stare at
the stand fori.eidy oecimied by 4’ALMEIi fc FRO.,
opposite F. lh*mington's.and iiaprepfu-cd to furnish . j<
linip, Mt‘d!ciss, PtTfuimTj, lit Pan, ;
*. FANCY SOAP3, We., • .. |
ifpon ir Tt.’-nis. ?<> tiiose who may he. or him \\?th it call.
To his Reform friends lit*would.say, that he Las on hand
i a/resit and reliable assortment n • •
* ft * • : ?i
O t) y 8
and will be glad to unitply them q-ith such ortqles B as ’
I tlua’ may need. *. • •
* * ALSO.
Kcrositie, Fine Cigatj* and*Toha.-:-o, J-'ine Me.fleitml
Brandies and Wines, l*-;it constautly on lftmd and for i
sale. o 8 * fmiv 28-ts
• *, prug-s aad Medlcineih **• J
| FST RECEIVED A L.y.’GE AND WELL SFLI/'-
** t*:d*stock of Drags and Medicines, Chemicals of till j
kinds. *. .
Also. Paints, ORs. GAiss, putty, Vntnislt, Brnsites. Dye
j Stiitfs, Patent Medicines, Gtirdefi Seeds, Toilet Articles,
Perfumery, Bruslus, &c. Ketysine <>;l and Lamps;’
Complicate, Burning Fluid and Lamps.
EDWARD SKIN AS, Druggisf.
Tfc ltmsville, May :'l. 1 850 o ts
kpothepary’s’ ‘Hall.
r|*m-; SUBSCRJBER. HAVING TAKEN A ST<kRE :
.5=5 ’6i!fOisi|*sojf • Necv IS rich bunding,
1 respect ft rily invite s the attention of the public to hir vV- ■
plyteamd yell :-'.-h*icti tfl . 8
Drugs, *. *
Medicines, o *
Chemicals, * 8 . 8
. Paints, \ ° •
f Oils,
.Dye B SUtff3, 88 •
’. Perfumery f •
• Spices,
. Tobacco, •
Segars,
, 8 Fme
* . • • Y/ines,
• • 8 8 • Portev, •
•ais,
• . . • 8 Toiict-Soaps,*
* * • . Potash, •
. . &c.. -&C?
. \LL4fF WHIOII WILL BE*SOLI) OX R F.fr ON A
ABLE TI'H<MS.
. ’ j Aflentiqn given persomtflt/ t<* tle pi‘“npr;fdftn ol
8 I't'Cni'iipltoils.
. * All MEDICINES warranted genuine. •• *
. . N. Tl< DONALD, M. D..*
Tlionzossille, Ga., Jane 6; 18qp. 8 *f *
l-E.kiNAfP &tCo.c‘
, • w’iiolks.vLe ANrt retail
BOOK AID KTATIPESS * fill-USE;
110 Congress Street, 8 .
O O .
. °Vi ,-sJ Wide llliiif-I! 8 Wq(inre.
SAVANNAH GEORGIA. o
HENRY. R. .CHRISTIAN,
SHEI3P3PIKTO
AlilSEMii-EIMi IMit
SAVANNAH, G,V.
Ah lig-.s, b>/4 rmi*y>on. to—- ° 8 o °
Hiram Roberts. President Merchants
Planters’ Piank, I
I. K. Test. (/tsltier State Bank of GeoWtia. StivsytnUli.
Brigham. Baldwin A Cos.?
O. Cohen & <*o.. Wilder. Wheaton A Cos. 1
C ASH VDVANCES M AI*K on consignments to my
friend.- in BofltAn; New Y ork, Philadelphia and Baltimore.
Orders for Wanters’ Supplies til leil on reasonable terms.
| May 2, isfid. *. * 7 • ] .v
‘I WM. H. BVItROCGHS. THOS. H. JtAXVVKLI..
WM. 11. BI A CO.,
. fnMMTQQTOT\T .
1 ’ - J
° ° No. !>7 llay Street,
SK VA N N A11,” f! E<ft R GIA. 88
I tr Commissiolt on Upland Cotton 50 ets. per bale.
Mny°3o, KB;u. * ly
~T v ’
House Lot for Sale.
I -W NOW OFFERING i;OR SALE MV HOI SE
I ;tnl Lot. it i# dtvited in a beautiful aad ■ r
opleasant part of the town. The house is new"’""'.Z'V
and large, very convenient, wtth good outbuild o
ings and garden. :***;^ai
I have also FOUR BUILDING I?OTS. eon *—*“ J *33
• taijting ohe acre each, all corner lc-> —bidt I
J 8 Should as Hie desire to build, or to bay ah improved
place in*town, now is the time as I ym sell.
. As the.times'are Jianl*. I will sell the above property
! on theatd bwtoble arms. .
fob 20 ts 8 . . ISAEVI I>EKIII
* Sugar Boiler§, &c..
’ Oki* SUGAR BOILERS-30 TO 135 GALLONS-*
, Wbeels ,V i iu.t received & S( >x #
• • i-i —— — o
. *■ ScgarS ami ‘ftobascco. •,
\‘LARGE AND sL’LECT LOT oßfine for
J A sale by* 8 [oct 31] „ JDHN STARK •
9
THOMASVILLE? GEORGIA, WEDNESDAY*, MAY'IS, 1861,
• 8 4 o
PRESIDENTS MESSAGE.
•
. ‘ o ‘ to/ tht (*ongr B ->. C* .. -
r<*i ■! ut Jjnnt; April -9th) 1800.
• • •
Gentlemen op tut. Cojigbjcss: •
It is ruy [ leasing duty to announce to you
that the Constitution framed for the establish
uftnt oi’ a government for the Confederate i
States has been ratified h\ convention in each
of those States to Whicli it was referred. To*
inaugurate tbcgovernment in its full propor
tions and uponits awn substantial bans •!’ the
popular will, it only rejnains that elections
be held tor the designation of the offi
cers to ad # minister it.. .
There is cwre reason to believe that at’no
: distant day, other States identified in politipal
j.ririeiph;aid commynity* of interests with
those Tvhich you represent will join this Con- j
fedcraey $ giving to its typical constellation in- j
creased sple.utCpr—to its government of Jfec,
equal and sovereign States a wii/er sphere of,
usefulness —afid to ihc. friends oi constitution
al liberty a greater security for its hortnonious
and perpetoal existence’. * 0
lt was not, however, for the purpose of ma
.king thisaunownccmeiJt that I have deemecVit
n.y duty to convoke you at an earlier day than
11 ntt fixed by yourselyes for your meeting. The
declaration of. war made ggainst this Confeder
acy by Abraham Lincoln, Vrcsidont of thfi Uni j
Vd States? in his proclamation issued*on the fit- i
teetitli day tfie present month, rendered it !
necessary, in my judgment, that you should j
Convene at the earliest practicable momeyt, tT> j
| devise the measures not cssary for the deffeuee
of the country. •
The occ i indeed ah extraordjtyiry*one. |
It justife's me in*a brief peview of the relations
heretofore existing he tween us pnd the States
which now unite in warfare against P.s, and hi a
- sue -iffc-t statement of the events which have r<*-
1 suited in This warfare; to the end that mankind
may ]>as .■•intelligent and practical judgment on
its motives an*l objects. •.. * •
* During the was \hagocl against Qrcdt Britain
by her colonies and this continent, a common
danger impelled them to a close alliance,"and to
theTormation .off a Confederation, by the ti'rms
of which the .Colonies, •styling fiiemselves
| States, entefed “severally iifto’a firm league of
friendship) with euyh*othor for tii.eir common
defence, the security of tfleir liberties, and
I their mutual and general welfare, funding !
themselves to assist acn other against all force \
offered to, or attacks made iqaon, them or ;yiy !
of them, on account of iy;lig?on, sovgreigifty, !
’ tra4c or any other pietcnse whatever.” • i
. In order t<* gpavd against any misconstrue 1
turn oi’ Vhfer compact, the several States m;ide !
fcgqfbcft declaration, in a distincf article, that
“ejich State retains its® sovereignty', freedom
;.d indope* fence, and every power, jurisdic
tion and right fa not. by ibis Confedera*
tipn expressly delegated to the Unite*! States in
Congress assembled.* * . • •
Under ?hlk contract, of alliance, the war of
the Revolution was successfully andCiO
*s*ulted in ttic treaty of pfnee with Ureat Brit- I
ain in ITj'd, by*thc terms of which t be several
States wene, each Tv names rcoognizcd to be.
I independent. • • 0 ’
The articles of •Confederation contained a
’ clause vherehy a. 1 l*altewtions were prohibited,
, uni?. s confirmed by the Legislatures of cveyy *
State®, after being agreed to by the Congress; !
iami in obedience to this provision unaer the
resolution of the (fongre.s the several States
appointed delegates who attended a convention *
‘•18r the sole and express purpose of revising
j the article? fe d’ ‘ !, Ced<y:*itiun and reporting i*j
1 Congress and the several Legislatures sup*h al
terations and pro\ isions therein as fjjiali, wlu*u
agreed to in Congress, and confirmed by the
O• 0 •
States, render the Federal troop? ajeqiufte yo
the exigencies of government and the prcse#va ;
“tion of the.! nion.”
It \ffa,*, by the delegates chosen, Ify tjio seve- j
ral States .under the resolution*] ust ijuotf <l, that :
Constitution pf life United States was fram- !
cd in.HB7, *and submitted .tothe several States
for ratification, as shown by the 7th article,
whicdi is in those words: •*
‘‘The rati jcatimi of t4io • Coitrcutiona of nine J
•State* shalVbe suffi dent for the establfshm.ont
of this ('•institution between the Stoics so rati
fying the mine. . •
i have italicized certaui words in tie |
*tions jifft f role, for.the purpose of attracting
attention to the singul.fr and marked yaution
with which the States endeavored, in*every pos- |
sible•form.°to exclude tin* *dea ihat the sepa-®
ratesmd independent sovereignty of each State
w.fs merged into our common governnnyrt and
nation; and the earnest desire they evinced to
impress.on the Constitution its true character j
—that of a cSrnppct between independent
: States. °
The®Constitution in ITS? having, however,
ouiittfd the cause just recited from the articles
of Confederation, which provided in explicit
terms that cyc[i State retained its sovereignty
and some alarm was felt in the
State- when invited to ratify Constitution,
lest tips omission should, bc*construcd into an
abandonment of their cherished printyple, and
they n fused*to be satisfied until amendments
w*er.e added to tile Constitution, placing beyond
any pretence, disibt, the reservation.®by the
State.?, of aIP their sovereign right and sowers
not expressly delegated ty the United States
by tkeC onstitution.
J O. . I
Strange iitdeed must appeardo the impartial
observer, but it is nonc,the less true, that all
these earefuljy worded clauses proved unavail
ing to prevent the rise and growth in the
thern States of a political school which has
persistently claiuftd that the government thus
formed was not a compact between States, but
’ was in effect a national government, set® up
above and. ower the States. An organization
created by tiffi States to’.se.eure the blessing®of
liberty add independence against ag
(gression, has Jieen gradually into a
machine for fheipcontrol in their domestic at
fa^rs;• the creature has been exalted above the
creators; the principles have beeji made subor
dinate t 8 the Sgent appointed jay themselves.
• The people*of Southern Sjates, whose*
almost -exclusive pccupatibn was agriculture,
lanfe perceived a tendency in the. Northern
States to render the common governVnent’sub
• serneut to their own purposes, by imposing
i burthens,? n commerce as Ti proteotion to.tlieir
9
ißamiiiictuijng and shipping interests. Long
aad angry controversy grew out of these at
tempts, often successful, to benefit one section
of the country at the expense <*f the other,
and the danger of disruption aiisitig from this
caifeso wasenhaneej Ly the fact that the North
ern population was increasing by immigration
and other causes in a greater ratio than the pop
ulation of the South. By degrees, as jhc Nor
thern States gained preponderance*in thg Nr- 1
tional Congress, self-interest taught their peo
ple t<byield assent to any plausible advocacy of
their rights as a majority to govern the minori
ty without control: they learned to listen with
impatience to the suggestion of any eon-;titu- 1
.tionafrimpediment to the exercise of tJieir will; i
and so utterly have the principles of the Con- !
solution been corrupted in the Northern mind,
that in the Inaugural Address* delivered by
President Lincoln in March last, he asserts a*
an axiom which he plainly deoifts to he unde
niable, that*tho theory of tjic Constitution re
quires that iu.all casfts the majority shall gov
ern ; and in another* memorable instance, the
saufe Chief Magistrate did jiot hesitate to liken
the relations between a State and the Kni?e<i
States to those which exist.between a county
anti the State in which it .is situated and By
which it was created. This is tfic lamentable
and fundamental error on, Vests tlie poli-*
cy that has culminated in his declaration of*
w?ir ai’iiinst tliese Confederate States.
In addition to the long civitinned and deep
seated resentment felt bv Southern Sfates 8 at
• o
persistentabuse, oT the powers they had
delegated to* the Congress, for the purpose of
enrkdiing, tlie manufacturing .and shipping
chisses of the North at tlts expense of the
.South, tlie re has existed for jiearly half a cen
tury another subject of discord, involving in
to icsis of such transcendent magnitude, as a?
B ali times to create the “apprehension 8 in the
minds of many devofed lovers of the l nitjn, 8
rtiat ibs v,*fis impossible. 8
When the several Slates dS!cgat<id certain
power's Jo the L Congress, a large
fortion of the*laboring populatio!) consisted of
African slaves imported into the colonies by
the moUity country. In twelve out of thir
teen .States, negro slavery, exjsted, and the
rfght of jfroperky in si aAs was protected by
law.* r i,his property w?is* recognized in the
Constitution, *nd provision was mack: .against*
its loss hv tUo escape of the slave. The in- j
c-rmse in the number of t?ie slaves by further
imjlUrtation froiik.M'rica was also secured by a
clause forbfdding Congress th prohibit the
slave trade anterior to a Pertain (late; arid in
no clause cai* thc?e be found any dlcg*ttion of
*po\/erto tlnj Congress aufhopizing it in any
njanne/to legislate t* the prejudice, detriment
f>T (liseourj'-cmetitrif the owners of that *s*)C*
<cie*s of property, or excluding it from Jhe pro
tection of the government.
Tltcylimafe and soilof the*Nosthcili States
nroVtal ainpr ipitious to the continuance B df
sla\*c labor, whilst the converse was the ease at
1 0 # O
the South. o ß Cnder the unrestricted frog intca
course lytwren the tw?scetiams, th<* Northern
, States dgflsultcd Jieir own interest by selling
their slaves to the South and prohibitifi£ slave
ry .within their lifliifcß. The South were wining
purcjiuscr.-i of pn>perty*suitable to their warfts,
asid paid the*price of the acquisition without
harboring*a suspicTofl tlnrt their qui%t possess
ion was Vi*be disturbed by those who w T ere # i
.hihited, not. only by want of constitutional au
thority, fy.it by goo;]* faith *as vcndoi*, from,
disquieting a title emanating irorn themselves.
As ?oon, however, as the Northern States,*
that proiiibitcd African slavery their
•limits, had reached a (lumber sufyoieiTt* toctive
thfur controlling vßice in the
Congress, a persistent anTl organized system ol
hostile meast^fcat against /ho lights of fche own
ers of slaves in the Sout.hevj'f S r t:Aes wfls inaug-*
atryted, and gradually extended. # A continu
ous series of measures were dioviscd ?md prose
cuted for*tlvJ purpose of rendering insecure
tenure oft’ property iti slaves; fanatical or
ganizations, supplied witlj money by voluntary
Subscriptions, wew assiduously engaged in ex- 8
citiny aion*g the slaves a spirit o& discontent
mid revolt; means.were furnished for their es
cape from* their owners, tftid# agents secretly
employed to en?i<; tlicm *to abscond; the con
stifutional provision for their rendition to their
•cKvnePS was first evaded, then‘openly denounc
ed as a violation yf tii*e cPuscientious obligation
and religious duty; ftion w?e taight, that it
was a merit, to elude, disotay and violently op 0 - •
jose th# execution of the laws enacted tt* se
cure jhe performance of the promise contained
in the constitutional compact; owners of slaves
were‘mobbed and even murdered in open day,
s*olelyfor applying to a magistrate for the arrest
cif a fugitive slave; the dogmas of these volun
tary- organizations soon of the
Legislatures of “many of the Northern States%
and laws B'efe passed providing for the punish
ment liy ruinous fines and long continued im
prisonments inojails and penitentiaries, of citi
zens of the Southern would dare
ask aid of the (ffiicers of the law for the recov
ery of th *ir property. Emboldened by suc
cess, tbc theatre of agitation and aggression
aaainsto the clearfy expressed constitutional
rights oft the So°ut B liern States was transferred
to the Congress; Senators and Representatives
were sent to the common councils of the nation,
whose chief jitle to this* distinction consisted
in fye display oP ultra fanaticism, and whose
business was, not “to pronfitte the general welfare
or ensure domestic tranquility, but to awaken
the bitterest hatred against tlie citizens of sis
ter States, by violent denunciation ot their in
stitutions; the transaction of public aflairs was
impeded By repeated efforts to usurp powers
“not delegated hv the Constitution, for the pur
pose of impairing the security of property in
slaves, and reducing those States whteh held
slavcs.to a condition of inferiority. Finally, a
great party was organized for the purpose # of
obtaining the administration # of the govern
menjt, with* the avowed object of using its pow
er to.the total exclusion lif the. slave States
• fjom aIP participation in the of the
public domain, acquired by all the States in
common, whether conquest yr purchase; of
•surrouiidiwg jhein etftirely by Stafcs in iKhich
slavery slloulcl be prohibited; of thus semir
ing thy property iii slaves so insecure to be
comparatively wobthjess, and fhefeby amiihila
tiim, in effect, property wortji thousands of mil
lions of dollars. Thi./party sift-qeeded in the
moflth of Novetnfier last, in the election of :*-
candidate for the Fcsidem-y of the Unite and States.
iy the meantime, under the mild andajcnali
climate of the Southern States? and the increa
sing care and*attention for the ’well being and
comfort of the laboring class, dictated alii 8 by
interest ams hiynanity, the African slaves had
augmented in number from about C>Ao,ol*o, a ;
the date of the adoption °of the constitution
al Compact, to upwards of LOtO.lUh B ln
moral and so*ia4 condition, thev liadl on d.-va
o •
ted from fyutal savages into docile, intelligent,
and civilized agricultural laborers, and supplied
not onJy wjtli Ivdily comforts but with careful
religious instruction. Undey the supervi.-iyn
,of a superior race, their labor had been so di
rected as not only to allow a graduaj a:*l niaik-.
cd amelioration of their own condition, but to
convert the hundreds of thoustyids of square
miles oT the wilderness into cultivated lands,
covcredwitli a prosperous. peopley town
cities had sprung into existence, and hyd rajiid
ly inenfased in wealth and population under the 8
social system of the Solith; the white popula
tion of the Southern slaveholding States hat;
augiyepied from about 1,2;')0,0U0 a* the date of
the adoption of the Constifutiofl, t > more than
5,500,000 hi 18)B3; ?uid the productions of rhf
South in cotton, rice, sugar and tohaccy. for the j
still development and continuance of which,
the labor tl the African slave was, and *isT in
dispensable, had swollen to. an amount which
fonijeA nearly three-fourths yf the exports .oft*
the whole Vyitcd States,ytnd liyid 8 become; fthso
lately necessary fi r tlie wants of civilized man.
With interests of such overwhelming fiia*;tn
tude impeiiled, the pcßplc of the Southern 8
States were driven by th<*condu£t of the North .
to the adoption yd’ syinc co*irse of tpyion fiy
avcß’t the danger With this view, the Legi.-Ja- 8
tures of thesevend States invityd the people ‘
to select ‘delegates to Conventions to bp held 1
for the purpose of determining iyir tbemgclvcs
what lftcastfres we*} adapted to mr; t .?o |
alarming a crisis in their history. •
Ilefc it may be proper to observe that from
a period asearly as 1798,*thc*re had existed in
ikll of flic States of the J.'den a party,* almost
uhintßrwiptedly in lnajorfty, based upon the
* creed that each Stat e was in tleedast resort, t lie
# sole judge as well of its wrongs, as of the inode I
andjneasftre of redress. Indeed, iti§ cbviovs,
•that under the lyw of nations, this principle .is*’
an axiom as applied to the relations (yt indepen
dent sovereign Styty.s, such as those which had
united themselves under this constitutional
compact. * Tbe.Deußocratic party Yf the. I. nited
States,‘repeated in. its .successful canvass in
lSqji, the dt*claratfo.nn made in twimertius j'.rc
vious poiitical contests, that ;t would “faithful-. 1
iy abide and uphold the principles lflid down in
the \hg!iiia resolutions oft 4798, and indue re
port of Mr. Madison to the Virginia Legisla
ture in 1709; and Piiat*it adopts those* princi
ples as constituting one of tli main founh'iou
of its pofttieal qveedF *
• The prindlpleb ftlius emphatically* announced,
embrace that to which I have already ad vei ti ii*
the right of <?ach State to*judg*e*of and redress
.the wrongs of conydains. These prin
ciples #rcre maintained by ovcrwTiclnfing ma
jorities of .the peaple of all t !*o States of the
Uinon atyliil'oi’ent elections, especially yi the
elections of Mr. Jefferson in 1805, 3lr. Madi
son in 1808 and Mr? Fk*ee in 1-82.
.l n Aie exerejse oj‘*a riglit so ancient, so well
established, and sw necessary for sclf-prcscrv#-
,tion%the people of the Confederate Btat • , in
theirfonveytjftns, determined that the wrorms
that t hey had-suffered, and the evils with which
•they Micro menaced, required thSt ttiey 8 should
revoke the delegation oof the powers to thß Fcd
craj Govcwiment which they had in
their several conventions. A consequently
resuming a*T! their rights as
‘sovereign n(Mndeperident B Statcs, and dissolv
ed ftheir connection witfy the of tl/h
► Union. • ,
Having dose this, they proceed< :* to form a
lynv cofnpiyct amongst themselves, 4>y new arti
f;le% of Confederation, winch, have als;> been
.ratified hy'lhc ‘adopted otlie
Constitution B of 1787. They have braanized
theittnew goverwment in alt *its departments;
the functions of .the Executive*, Legislative ;
‘and Judicial.3!agistKite#are pejfonnmi in ae„
*c?irdrnctf with the (fill of the people as display
ed* not merely ir * e cheerful acquie/cencc, b?-.t
in theenkhusiastic support .of*tlie government
thus established 4>y themsefves, avyl but tfy
the interference of the government of the Uni
ted States in tins *lcgitiniat # e exercise of the
rYht. of tl*e people to self-government, peaca, ‘
happiness and prosperity would now smile Nm
our land.
That peace is.ardently desired by this gov
ernment and people, bus been maniicsied i?) ev
ery possible way. Scarce had you assembled
in February last, when, evetf prior to th# inaug
uration of the Chief Magistrate you had elect
ed, passed a resolution expressive of your
desire for tfy appointment of commissioner-- to
Be sent to Jie Government of the Uffitcd Stages,
“for the purpose of negotiating ftieifflly rela*
tions between tfeat government anri the Confed
erate States of America, and sos the
’ 0
of.all questions of disagreement between the
two governments jipon principles of right,, jus
tice, eqfyty and goods faith.” a
o ft was fny pleasure, as well as my 3uty, tfi
co-operate with you in this work of peace. In
deed, in my address to you°iij taking the oath
of office* and befoic receiving from you the
communication of this reSolution, J. had said,
“as a necessity, not a choicb, we'have resgrted
to the remedy of separation, and hencclortlj
oiir energies be directed to the conduct ot
our own affairs and tlie perpetuity B 1 rite Con
federacy which we have formed. It a jifstfper
’ eeplion of mutual interest shall permit us peace
abb’ to pursue our separate political career, my
most earnest desire .will have been fulfilled.”
It was in furtherance of t4ie.se accordant
views of the Congress and the Executive, that
I made choice of three discreet, I ‘able and dis
tinguished citizens, who repaired to Washing
ton. Aided by their cordial co-operation, and !
that of the Secretary of State, every effort
compatible with self-respect and tlie dignity of
the Confederacy, w9soexriiausted before I allow
ed myself to yield to th# conviction that o the
government of the 1 nited States was determ
ined to .tit°tcmptthe conquest ol this,
and khat our cherished hopes of peace were un
attainable. 5 * • * 88
• A
S TEBI3!. TW o BfIU.AKS,
) . .In Advance.
a O m.
Oil the arrival of our (••>mmissn>nerS in Wash*
ingt m, on the ssh af March, they postponed,
at the suggesting <fa fro n lly intermediary,
doing any wore than giving forinal notice of
their arrival. J his was done with a view to af-*
ford time to the Dresitient, who had just been
; inaugurated, for flu* dischargo of other press
ing official duties in tho or ; auization of his ad
piinistratioh,before engaging his Sttention in
the object ot their mission 4 was. not until
the 12th of the inontai that they officially Bd
‘ dressed thft Secretary of State, informing 4iim’
of the purpose of tl* ;r arrival, and stating iu
the language of their instructions their wish
f, to make to the •govorrmtent of the I uited
triages overtures for the opcibu . of iu gotiations,
assuring the government of tfo l uiftid States,
that the •President, Congress and the people of
the poflfederSte States, Carnally desire a > ease
ful si lution of these great questions; that it is
‘ neither tfndr interest tior their ws>h to in; k'a
I any Pettit n*d wliish is ntt founded on the strict
• cst justice, nor do any act to injure their *lujo
corM’eder*;es.” * * • • s
To this communication no formal reply was
received until th.c Bth of April. During tho
inti rval, the Commissi* * bad “consented to
• #
waive all questions of form. ~ AVitli the linn rc
solve to avoid war, if possible, they went so tar,
even, as to hold, during.lhat* lopg period, un
j official intercourse, Uiryugh an intermediary,
whose high position and.character inspired the
■ hopcof *uccass and through whom constant
°o . o
assurances wore received from the Government
of Jhe United‘Suites, of peaceful intentions; of
the cletcrmiliation fb evacuate Fort Suinter;
| andjurther, tjmt no measure, changing the ex-
Listing status prejudicial fyi the Confederate
: States, especially at ffort Pickets, was in con
! ter.it lation, bp,t thst in the event of.anv change
1 of .intention on the# subject, notice would bo
1 to the Comm ssioners.* Tho crooked
4>aths*of diplomacy can scarcely furnish art es’
ample so waiting in courtesy, in candor and di
rectness, as was*thc con se of the l?nit<*d Slates
government towards our Commissioners in
\Vashtng#o)i. Fof proof of this 4 1 refer to the*
Annexed tlocutilents maske*d ,taken in con<
neetion with further facts which 1 no v# proceed
to relate: * • * * ~
j * Fariv’in April the attention of*th6 # whole
country,*as ‘.veil at- tint 4 ! f t>ur Commissioners,
.*vvaS to extraordin;: y p reparations for
| an esjt-ejisivc military and navat expedition ‘in
New York and .other northern ports. These*
preparations commenced in secrecy, *ior an ex
pedition whosty destination was oqiicdhle J ,*only
j became known when ncai*v completed, and on
j tljc sth, GTh, and 7th A f .il, tiansports :ufd ves
-1 sc Is of war, with troops,* i*unitions*and milita
ry, supplies, sailed from the northern ports’
bo and southwards. Alarmed by so extnairdi
nar£ a demonstration, the Commissioners re-
I quested*the delivery of an answer to their offi
cial conununfc:ation of the 12th March, and
tl*2rcup<*n received, on tile Bth April, a reply
dat and on the 15th i*l ’ th*; previous month, from,
which it appears that, during the vvlinlT? filter
val, Whilst the T.'on/hiissidpers wefc receiving
; assurances, calculated to inspire Amps .es the
j success of their mission, the Secretary of State
1 and the Pres dent of the United States had al
ready determined tai:o!d*no intercourse ‘with
| them whatever; to reftise even to listen to any
j proposals the*had to make, and had profited
i by tho delay created by their own assurances,
it order to prep ife secretly the means for*cf
fcctive hostile operations.
That these ossuranecs were <jiven, has bgen
virtually confessed by the Government* of the
| Cnittyf States by its sendi ga mcssgnger so
Charleston, to give notice of its purpose, to uso
force, if.opposed in its intention, of supplying
Fort Sumter. . No more striking proof of tho
absence of good fuit.l*in the conduct of tlfo
Govern mcnt*of the ijnited StaticJtowards tliis
; (foilfe3cracy can be required tlian.i.s contained
i in the circumstances which .accompanied . this
1 nfltiet* According to the coui%e of navi
| Ration, the vessels composing the expedition
Jc*iAit*d for Hie relief of Fort Sumter, might
be expected to reach Charleston liarbof on tlie
i 9rti Aktil* yet with oyr Commissioners actual
ly *n \\adyngton* detained under assurance*
! that mgfee should be of any military
t, the Ditit • *. > ‘fc. so
them, but a messenger was sent to Charleston
, ti; notice *to th% Governor ol South
Carolina, and the hofioc was so •given at a lato
hour on the Bth Apnl, tke eve of the very day
on which the fleet might Wb expected to arrive..
That thi manoeuvre iaiied in its purpose*was
• not the fault of those who contrived it. A
heavv tempest delayed the arrival of ilie expe
•ditidti, and gave time to the Commander of our
’ forces at Charleston, to ask and receive the in
! structions of this government. Eve# then un
der all the provocation incident to the conteuipt
"Htuus course of ihe Governmewt oi’ the L uited
States, I was sincerely anxious to avoid the
effusion of blood, aifd° directed a proposal to
be made to tlfe Commander of Fort Sumter,
who had avowed himself to be nearly out of
provisions, and that we would abAaift from di
recting our fire •.'!] Fort Sumter it he would
promise not to open, fire on forces unless
*firstutt9cked. This proposal was refused and
the conclusion was reached, that the design of
1 the United States iyas to place the beseiging
foixe at Charleston between the simultaneous
fire of the fleet and the fort.* There remained,
therefore, no alternative but to direct that tho
fort should at once be reduced. .This order was
; executed by Gen. Beauregard, with the skill
and success which were naturally to be expect
ed from the w<?!l known character of that gal- o
lant*o£tiecr; and although the bombardment
lasted but thirty-three our* flag did not
’ wave over its battered walls until after tin) ap
pearance of the hostile fleet off Charleston.--
Fortunately not*a Hfo wae lost on our side, and
wc were gratified in being spa Ted flic necessity
’ *f a useless cffeSion of blood prjdefit
caution of the officers who commanded the
in abstaining fiom, the CvidSntly jut do
effort (<* enPer the harbor for the relief of Ma
jor Anderson. I refer to the report of ‘he bec
• rctarv of War and the papers winch accompany
it for further details of this bridhafit affair.
]?j this eonnect?on T cannot refrain from a
well deserved tribute to the noble State, tho
eminent soldierly qualities ot v, hose IL''l1 L ''l
:. c,BpiaL& rfi-ptajed w the p*f
Charleston. J’oimonths # they had been
led by the spectacle oi a fortress ht
JSO. (>.
0