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S ara. The amount raised, even at i present time. Is not sufficient to meet the trade and tho greater part of the flower-seed sold Is Imported from Europe. Importance of Seed Testing. Since the dors of tradition a great deal of attentlou has been paid to seed testing for quality of germina tion. Seeds hare been floated or bare been heated until they popped; they hare been broken and the fracture noted; they hare been cut and judged by the appearance of the Inside. Various experiment stations of the United States bare, for a long time, paid much attention to practical seed testing. The Department of Agricul ture for nearly eight years has con-* ducted a trial ground In connection with Its seed laboratory where studies kitchen. A stitch In time often saves nine, and a little trouble • month be fore planting time may make the farmer or the gardener considerable money and conduce greatly to bis hap piness and good temper. Nothing la certainly more aggraTatlng than to plow, One the ground well, plant, and then, as the golden moments of spring slip by, wait In vain for the young plants to appear, or secure only a half NO OTHER WAGONS APPROACH © Growing Seeds for Market 'd':t Good Seeds Are Half the Battle GUY ELLIOTT MITCHELL thriving businesses sccdman’s agent, Is s text-book of hor- tes today and which tlculture. Millions of these books find on Its work regard- their way Into rural homes and become atlons of stocks on the basis by which the amateur gard- res. Is the growing ener derives a knowledge of varieties ds From small bo- and even methods,of growing plants colonial period this under varied conditions, n so that now Its Seed Growing a Big Industry, by the tens of mil- Tho seed trade has changed quite ns •ginning of die seed much as has tho catalogue, first with •ed In small Shops its woodcut engravings, to excellent m nf maiI ahnrrvl a ~ In Perfect Adaptability Under all Conditions to The Strong Old Hickory THE WOODMAN'S STRIDE. With a Long Swinging Step. He Covers Much Ground and Pre serves a Perfect Balance. A woodman walks with a rolling notion, bis hips swaying an Inch or core to the stepplhg side, and bis pact tlon may be noticed to on exaggerated degree In the stride of a professional pedestrian, bat the latter walks with a heel-and-toe step, whereas an Indian’s or sailor’s step is more nearly Hotfooted. In the latter case the center of gravity la covered by the whole foot The poise la as secure as that of a rope walker. The toes are pointed straight forward, MANUFACTURED BY Kentucky Wagon Manufacturing Co. LOUISVILLE, KY. LARGEST PRODUCERS OF FARM WAGONS IN THE WORLD' Kirk’s A Q\ia.rter of a. Century of unfailing service - of varieties an made. Samples hre alio planted of tho vast quantities of seed sent out for Congressional dis tribution. The Department bqs In fact done mnch to purge the countiy of dishonest seed dealers, and a large force la constantly employed securing seeds fnm dealers and testing them, AMERICAN CROWN American Cheese Production. Twenty years ago the cheese supply ■ .rV-i.-i ” . . t., tut. „,1 BEATING OUTirnMP SEED IN KEN. English and Dntch homes. These of course wore of such plants as wen considered necessaries of life—corn barley and peas, while fruit trees were alio aet out Early record! show that In 1703, Nathaniel Bird, a book-dealer of New port, B. I., advertised garden seeds just arrived from London. The fol lowing year an announcement was made by Gideon Wellei that be had some choice Connecticut onion seeds for sale. In New York city hemp and flax seeds were advertised for,sale as early as 1705. Boston, however, be ing the commercial center In the early days, waa the chief city for the sale of garden needs. In 1707 out of twen- ty-slx advertisers In the Boston Ga zette, six were dealers In' seeds. Dur- *aa green seep, consistency of paste, s perfect cleanser for automobile, machinery and ell vehicle*; will not injure the most highly polished surface. Mode from pure vegetable oils. If your dealer does not carry American Crown Boap in stock, send us his name and Address and we will see that your wants are supplied. Put up In 18^85 and CO lb palls. ABSOLUTE RELIABILITY 1 of tho Remington James S. Kirk & Company CHICAGOo IU. We bare published some good ones spec ially suited for farmers. Books that will help every fanner to make more out offals farm Write for our catalogue. ^WBBB PUBLISHING CO* 8t* Paul Minn* Sandwich Well Drilling Machines drflUni * A CLOVER SEED STORE-HOUSE, both with regard to their germ (native quality and tbolr truencss to name. There la great opportunity for adulter ation, and many farmers arc apt to consider they are saving money If they ban get seeds at a reduced rate, find ing out when It la too late that they have been swindled with false varie ties or that perhaps 60 per cent of their seeds fall utterly of germination. Personal Seed Tests. The average farmer, however, would HAY PRES Over 70 sizes and fa either deep or shallow weUste-o of soil or rock. Mounted-4lK tills. With engines or hofflte Strong, simple and durable, i chanlo can operate them easily. SERB FOR CATALOGUE .WILLIAM BR08., Ithaca, N.Y. The Baler fa speed. Boles 13 to 18 tons a day. Has 40 inch feed bole. Adapted to bonk barn work. Stands np to its work—no digging holes for wheels. Seif-feed Attachment increases cap acity, lessens labor, makes better boles and does not incrcaso droit. Mulberry Fences. There are but fow fences In Ja pan. The mulberry tree la planted In stead, the leaves of which furnish food for ailk worms. Nearly 200,000 acres are thus utilised. do well to carry on a little seed test ing establishment of bis own each S ar, and this course Is advocated by e Department of Agriculture. In Harvesting Sorgftum Seed In Nebraska. Repeaters are the. orirb.1 eoU top ana siui electors. ps between.the shooter's head and the cartndre at all times, throws the empties away from him instead of Into his face, prevents amoks Md gases from entering his smooth*?, makriHT vrry ■STmCmSiSi mSm the M arlin the Safest breech-loading gun ever built. «*»• page catalogue, »oo tt* lustrations, coyer m nine colors, mailed .for three stamps. Ths Merits fee Arms Ce. New Haven, Conn. , SANDWICH MFC. CO„' M< Main Street, Sandwich, HI A Few Pumpkins For Seed Flue, Fir, Cypress and Yellow Pine. Write for Catalogue, Eagle Tank Co., 281 N. Green 8t, Chicago, 111. this country largely depended npoi foreign markets for seeds, but betweei 1800 and 1870 as many seed farm were established as baa been flurlui the thirty yean before the conflict Growers also became expert and thi market gardener found be could ge lug the War for Independence the ad- elite MmmnilHv nnruir* TOUT vVUivU, Uiiuuugu » v .—. 1 loved that there waa not a time but what one could purchase seed* to any of the Urge cities of that period. A Pioneer Seedsman. In 1784, Davlll Landretb commenced operations In Philadelphia; Bernard U'Mabon, In that same city In 1800, while In 1805, Grant Thorburn began . to soil seed! In New York. By 1830 the population had Increased from about three million In 1700, to ten and a half millions To meet the S demand for vegetable, and these ten and a half millions more than three and a half rimes aa many seeds as . were used In 1700. Dealers established themselves In the principal cities and crossed the mountains. Along with the reaching out for trade cams the Increasing aloe and prominence of the catalogue. Theear- llest seed catalogues were mere Hats not intended for general distribution. Tborburn probably Issued tbs first seed catalogue as early as 1823. shortly after the civil war the cata logue became mom prominent Its sUe was Increased and a few Illustra tions appeared. Novelties ware not as numerous twenty years ago as they are today; they were not given so much attention either. Today there is not an Important catalogue but gives considerable apace to noverags. Seedsmen are on the alert tor norel- tiee; they are the money makers. The modern catalogue, with lb profusely lllnatrated pages while In a sense the IP YOU WANT A JACK t. 3 . w»uucir»®. bare to coo tula tho description of exactly what you wont Hydraulic Jacks our Specialty Watson-Stillman Co., 40 Dcjr St., N. Y. City. from the eeedmen just as good seed as he cnuld cave himself and at leas coat The butlnesa of seed-raising In creased rapidly after the war, farms being established In various parts of the eastern United States. In 1873 seed growing commenced In Calltor- nla, when It. W. Wilson planted 50 acres to beets,-onions, lettuce and car rots for seed purposes. Two Thousand Aero Seed Farm. From this beginning the business luts grown to enormous proportions. Now a single firm of growers devotes annu ally some 2,000 acres to seed crops. Onion and lettuce are staple seed crops, while carrot, celery, ' A CALIFORNIA ONION PATCH. fact, the Department will send any body a pamphlet describing almple methods of testing seeds. Firms with any reputation behind them can not afford to work off poor . .. leek, en dive, kale, kohl-rabl, parsnips and parsley are all grown by California seed growers. . While the census of 1800 showed that there were In the United States 500 aeed farms, containing 100,680 acres, the census of 1900, with Incom- Producers of Northern grown acclimated trees and the best varieties for planting in Northern States. Every Variety of Standard Fruit Thoroughly tested Apples, Pears, Plums, Cherries and Trees Ornamental, Small Fruit Plants, Shrubs,,, Vines and Roses. Roosevelt's epigram— ably stand ready to supply a good arti cle In Its place. The fault,in fact, may not be the soedman'a. Although tho seed dealers attempt to convey tho Idea that they raise their own seeds on their own farms, anch a practice Is manifestly impossible where vast sup plies of seeds are furnished. They raise some of the seeds, but large quantities are contracted for by them with other growers and farmers, and there Is always a chance of the seeds- men themselves being imposed upon, ried In the pock So that it la well for tho Individual can flash It on ratlvely. Do not provoke qnarrela; avoid them If you can. Bat be pre pared for a tight corner. Many night policemen and detectives carry stout canes In preference to revolvers. The stick la always ready In all wea thers. The revolver must be car- - . and onty an expcr t .he Instant When you are In a situation where your stick Is needed do not figure on using It aa a dub. An agile man can dodge the sweep of a stick, and knife yon before you recover your guard. Carry the stick with the rip somewhat In ad vance, grasping it firmly six inches or more below the knob or handle. If you are confronted by an adver sary give him a sudden, bard thrust with the small end. The stomach la a moat vulnerable point and If yon catch him fairly the chance* are ten to one that double up like a jack-knife, Before bo recover* yon can withdraw the (rick and band him one on tho bead or the back of too neck that will put him out oif business So that It la well for tho Individual grower to test each batch of farm or garden needs which he expects to plant The test which he ran make will show him nothing regarding vari eties; he may be getting a common cabbage Instead or some high-priced novelty, that can only be determined at the end of the year; but the gov- A SPECIALTY OP' FLOWERING PLANTS AND' SHRUBS Cut Flowers and Floral Designs. • Also Vegetable Plants Shipped by-express. Catalogue and Price List Free,, Mail orders have prompt attention. MISSOULA NURSERY CO. MISSOULA, MONTANA. ‘