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The Farmer And The
U. S. Warehouse Act
The United States warehouse Act is a
law passed by Congress in August, 1916.
It applies only to public warehousemen
storing certain agricultural preducts. At
this time the following products, grown in
the states of the Southeast, are storable:
cotton, grain, tobacco, Farmers’ Stock pea
nuts, sirup (including extracted honey),
cottonseed, pecans and canned foods. Can
ned foods include fruits, vegetables and
berries, sterilized by heat and hermetically
sealed.
Reasons For the Law
In passing this law, Congress had in
mind accomplishing several objects. The
loss sustained each year by farmers stor
ing their products improperly, or not at all,
amounted to many millions of dollars. One
of the first objects then was to eliminate
this waste. Congress realized that losses
had occurred through dishonest practices
on the part of warehnusemen. Frequently
farmers who stored their products were
left with warehouse receipts, while the pro
ducts stored had been illegally removed
from storage. To encourage farmers to
store their products with responsible ware
housemen and market their products in an
orderly fashion, Congress passed the ware
house Act. Warehouse receipts issued by
warehousemen for products stored may be
used to borrow money to carry the products
to a time when they might be marketed
more advantageously.
How It Works
The law authorizes the Secretary of"
Agriculture to license public warehousémen
whom he considers qualified. The law does]
not require every warehouseman to be
licensed. It does require warehousemen
who desire licenses to rfféte certain re
quirements laid down by the Secretary of
Agriculture. When a warehouseman ap
plies for a license, examiners or inspectors
of the Department of Agriculture make a
thorough investigation into his business
reputation for fair and honest dealings,
his financial responsibility, his knowledge
of the care required to store the products,
his past experience and the ability and
reputation of his associates and assistants.
In addition, the building itself must be
suitable, that the products will be fully pro
tected from weather damage and theft. Be
fore warehouseman is licensed, he furnish
es a bond to the United States government,
which to to protect the owners of the pro
ducts and the holders of the receipts. The
law also provides for licensing competent
persons to inspect, grade and weigh prod
ucts that might be stored in licensed ware
houses. - .
After a warehouse is licensed, inspectors
of the department visit the warehouse reg
ularly to check up on the eperations of
the warehouseman. A warehouseman must
account for all products stored with him
and these examinations are made to de
termine that he has properly stored and
delivered in regular order all products
stored with him. In the case of cotton, a
per bale check is made at each examination
of the warehouse. In the case of peanuts,
an accurate measurement is made of the
volume in storage and the number of tons
determined tehereby. In the case of other
products, each unit is checked tc determine
that all are in storage represented by out
standing receipts. ;
Locations
Federally licensed warehouses are lo
cated convenient to most of the farmers
in the Southeastern States. These ware
houses store various products, and the far
mers who are patrons of these warehouses,
or who live near them, should see that their
products are stored in these warehouses. 1f
your local warehouseman does not hold a
license under the United States warehouse
Act, doubtless he will secure one if he is
so requested by his patrons. , Only honest
warehousemen are licensed, but, unfortu
nately, all honest warehousemen have not
yet applied for licenses. Doubtless your
warehouseman had not applied for a license,
but will probably do so at your suggestion.
Anyone interested in the provisions of
the United States warehouse Act should
address a letter either to the United States
Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.
C., or to Post Office Box 1393 G, Atlanta,
Georgia.
FIRST COOPERATIVE JERSEY
BULL SALE IN GEORGIA
The first cooperative Jersey bull sale in
Georgia was held at Valdosta, Ga., on
April 15, 1930. This sale was sponsored
by the Georgia State College of Agricul
ture, Valdosta Chamber of Commerce,
American Jersey Cattle Club, Georgia Jer
sey Cattle Cigb, National Cottonseed Pro
ducts Association and the following rail
roads: Southern, the A. B. & C., the A. C.
L., and the S. A. L., the G. & F., the Cen
tral of Georgia and the Atlanta and West
Point.
There was 25 bulls offered for sale to
the highest bidder. These bulls were con
signed by twelve breeders from over the
State, and among them were bulls from
dams that have made over 600 pounds of
butterfat in one year.
This sale gave a good opportunity for
people in South Georgia to purchase high
class sires at their ewn price,
COTTON FARMERS CAN
SAVE WITH GARDENS
Every cotton farmer could use ontaugb‘
of his cotton land to grow an ample supply
of vegetables for his family without cut
ting down his net income, according to W.
R. Beattie, extension horticulturist of the
U. S. Department of Agriculture.
The farmer’s net income, he says, does
not consist of actual cash, but includes
everything grown on the farm which con
tributes to the family living. The products
of the farm dairy, of the poultry flock, and
of a good garden, when used on the farm,
constitute just as definite income as though
the actual cash were received for the crops
or livestock grown and the money used for
buying food for the family.
The vegetable garden is an important
factor in the production of net income on
the average cotton farm, Mr. Beattie says.
About one-third of the diet of the average
family consists of fresh or canmed vege
tables and under most conditions this sup
ply can be produced on the individual farm.
The problems confronting everyone who
plants a vegetable garden are, first, what to
plant, and second, how much to plant. Un
der average conditions, a half acre will pro
duce all the vegetables needed by a family
of 5 or 6 persons, except such crops as
potatoes, watermelons, beans, or black-eyed
peas. 1 -
Mr. Beattie suggests that the farmer
block out an acre in his cotton field, and
plant it to vegetables that can be worked
‘along with the cotton. Other crops, such
‘as lettuce, spinach, snap beans, beets, car
rots, and radishes, which require little
space, shuuld be planted in a specially pre
gared and securely fenced garden near the
ouse,
“The quantity of each crop to plant will
depend upon the likes and dislikes of the
family. As a general rule, however, a row
of carrots or beets 100 feet long will be
enough for the average family. Three to
five rows of early or English peas will be
about right, and 3 to 5 plantings of snap
beans with 100 feet of row at each planting
will be sufficient. Kentucky Wonder pole
beans should also be included, and succes
sive plantings of each will keep up a sup
ply. Early, medium and late plantings of
tomatoes should be made. The same is true
of sweet corn or field corn to be used for
the table. . % te
“One-tenth acre of early white potatges
and a half acre of sweet potatoes will #to
vide an ample supply of potatoes, and 20
hills each of summer squashes, water
melons, and muskemelons, with 10 hills of
cucumbers will be about right for the vine
crops. Onions should be grown as an early
crop, and a second crop planted in the fall
for winter and spring green onions. Cab
bage does well throughout the greater part
of the South and there should be an early
crop of 200 to 300 plants set just as soon
as the soil can be worked in the spring. A
late fall crop can also be grown and used
throughout the fall and winter. Collards,
bage family and splendid sources of min-
Brussels sprouvts, and Italian or sprouting
broceoli are important members of the cab
eral salts and vitamins.”
IMPROVING THE FARM HOME
GROUNDS AT LITTLE COST
Whatever may be the interest of the farm
women during the year, their thoughts turn
to home improvement and home beautifca
tion when spring arrives. Spring is here
and with it comes many homemaking prob
lems. One with which many are concerned
now is beautifying tRe home grounds and
accomplishing something worth while with
their available resources. P .
This work of beautifying the farm home
is essentially the woman’s task. It is one
that needs her planning and loving care.
It should not be such a hard task for the
woman in the country. She has the ground
where plants have plenty of room to de
velop; the tools with which to do the work;
the manure to improve the soil if neces
sary; the material for mulching and in the
spare time help to do the work.
It is only necessary for her to know how
to plan the grounds, how to select each
tree, shrub and plant, wherz? to place them
and how to care for them, also how to do
many things with her own hands. The
State College of Agriculture has valuable
material on this phase of work that may
be had by sending in a request to the Divi
sion of Horticulture, @
. Consideration Needed ‘
This problem of improving the farm
home grounds needs thoughtful considera
tion, wise planning and a vision of the pic
ture as it will appear later. In creating
this picture certain fundamental rules
should be observed. The lawn is consider
ed the foundation of the picture and should
be as large and unbroken as possible.
Trees, shrubs and permanent flowers are
planted around the edges, forming a frame
for the picture. Foundation plantings of
evergreens and flowering shrubs should
be made to tie the house to the grounds.
To avoid mistakes and prevent a care
less confused scheme of things, plan care
fully what to plant and where to plant it.
The most satisfactory method is, to begin
by making a sketch, showing the build
ings, walks and drives, then locate on this
sketch, the various plantings needed, to
produce inviting and attractive homel
grounds, with a lovely green spot to rest
the eyes on during the long winter months.
A Contest |
The Home Beautiful Contest in H:rris
County, covering a period of three years
and ending January ‘lst, 1929, resulted in
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M- W, C. Vereen, president of the Moul
trie Banking company, who announced in
our last issue that his institution was pre
pared to extend credit to farmers with sur
pluskfeed to enable them to purchase live
stock.
Crop Reports for Georgia
Dry Weather prevailed over the shte}
during the month of April, and as a re-|
sult, preparation of land and progress of
planting were further advanced on May 1{
than for several years past according to the
monthly report of the Bureau of Ap:ricul-1
tura] Economics. This was especially true
in the northern part of the state. How
ever, the dry weather and cool nights had
held back germination in all sections and
delayed growth in the southern half of
Georgia. Scattered rains and showers have
been received during the past few days but
in most sections more moisture is needed.
Small grains have been suffering and pre
paration of considerable hay land will be:
de_lagézd until good seasoning rains are re
celved.
Condition of Wheat Crop
Condition of the Georgia wheat crop on
May 1 was reported at 72 per cent of nor
mal, as compared with 78 per cent one year
ago and 80 per cent for the 10 year aver
‘age, indicating a probable yield per acre
of 9 bushels and total production of 441,-
000 bushels. Preliminary estimate of acre
age for harvest is only 58 per cent of 1929
harvested acreage. Such a reduction was
due principally to the hot weather during
most of the planting period last fall. Of
the 52,000 acres estimated sown, 49,000
acres will be harvested, according to report
ed intentions. For the United States a win
ter wheat crop of 525,070,000 bushels is in
dicated aganist 578,336,000 bushels esti
mated harvested in 1920 and 550,636,000
bushels for the 6 year average—l 924-1928.
May 1 condition of the oat crop was 74
per cent as compared with 80 per cent one
year ago and 64 per cent in 1928, Spring
sown oats constitute about 33 per cent of
total acreage or about the same proportion
as two years ago, unfavorable weather dur
ing part of the planting period last-fall,
together with some winter freeze damage,
being responsible for the high proportion
of spring oats. Last year the spring sown
crop amounted to 20 per cent of total acre
age,
Peaches 58 Per Cent Normal
Reported condition of Georgia peaches
was 58 per cent of nermal. This corre
sponds with 60 per cent reported on the
same date last year and 83 per cent in 1923.
The condition of peaches in ten gouthern
states was reported on May 1 at 44.5 per
some splendid demonstrations of improving
the farm home grounds with little cost.
Finances were at a low ebb but the wo
men, entering the contest, had a love for
the beautiful and a desire to make their
homes more than places to eat and sleep.
To do this, they had to consider the types
of houses and grounds, also how much they
were able to spend on them.
Knowing that there were many beautiful
native shrubs that could be had by going
to the woods for them, they made tours to
the woods, also to abandoned houses and
places where houses had been burned.
Euonymus, boxwood, cape jasmine, spireas,
golden bell and = many other flowering
shrubs and bulbs were secured from these
former homes. Shrubs and plants were ex
changed, cuttings were propagated and a
limited amount of nursery stock was
bought. The result being a large number
of country homes were made beautiful, yet
the cost was very low and what has been
done in Harris County can be done all over
Lol . v
The idea of landscaping the home grounds
after a definite plan is contagious. It is
gpreading rapidly and is helping bring into
prominence the beauty of the home in the
country, It has shown the possibilities in
making for greater satisfaction and con
tentment in country life,
| THE ORIENTAL PEACH MOTH
By PROF. J. W. FIROR
Although this imported insect has been
widely distributed throughout the fruit
sections of the eastern part of the United
States for the last several years, the peach
growers of the southeast did not apparent
ly suffer from its effects until the season
of 1929. In Georgia, which is the leading
shipping state for fresh peaches, the
Oriental peach moth was very severe last
year. It is estimated that peaches in all
sections of the state were in some degrea
infested last year and in the northern re
gion of the state approximately 50 per cent
damage was done. 5
No easily applied control methods have
been found. The entomologists however,
have gotten a line on this insect’s habita
and have found some helpful practices. The
Georgia State Board of Entomology states
Lhat by adding 32 lbs of hydrated lime te&
‘each 100 gallons of the wsual summes
spray mixtures, a measure of control wilk
be obtained. This is a very inexpensive
practice and should be adopted by all peach
orchardists. Additional control can be had
by making a separate spraying, with &
mixture of 40 pounds of hydrated lime and
100 gallons of water, between the third and
fourth summer spraying; by clipping off
the withered twigs which appear before
harvest; and by keeping the trees growing
normally but not excessively.
cent as compared to 67.4 per cent last year’
and 73.8 per cent two years ago on May 1.
The present condition indicates a crop of
about 11,700,000 bushels, which would be
about equal to the short crop produced in
1929 and about 356 per cent smaller than
the 5-year average production. The indi
cations now point to a larger crop than
last year in the five Coastal States from
North Carolina to Alabama. In the remain
ing five states further west the prospects
are for a crop below that of 1929, Of the
more important statés, Arkansas was the
most seriously damaged during the past
winter, very little commercial production
wow being anticipated in this state. Geor
gia prospects are for a larger crop than
last year, but still about 32 per cent below
the five-year average for that state. :
IF YOU WISH information on some agricultural
subject, or do not know where to purchase some
article, write our Georgia Farmer and Fruit Grower
Information Bureau, 511 Glenn Bldg., Atlanta, Ga,
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