Newspaper Page Text
OUR COUNTRY'S FLAO.
i .v/.v!-;i ,.
Sergeant Bates, wiO^thtst^rs and
stripes, has completod JiisJ tdp
through Georgia, and has now
vailed the Land of Flowers updn his
harmless tramp. The Sergeant’s
mission is an inoffensive one, for^he
is only working up a little cheap no
toriety and pocket change. If hfe
really wants to show to the world
that the issues of the late war are
dead, we would suggest that he now
shoulder the stars and bars of the
late Southern Confederacy, and
flaunt that banner in the lace of
our Northern friends from Iowa to
Maine. We think the South has
sufficiently demonstrated its loyalty
and friendly feeling to our country’s
ag, and we have something of a
curiosity to know how much of the
late animosities the North has bur
ied. But about “the old flag.”
While the Southern people will
er prove loyal to that banner, and
occasion should arise would de-
oil its honor with their life-blood;
bile we are proud of its fame and
prowess and it #ould be indeed
bitter day for the South to see it
n the dust, at the same time
ni never forget that beneath
e folds of this banner were our be
ll native land desolated, and
lie b.-st blood of our country shed
it* supporters. A true-born
utliron would indeed be recreant
hi* section and her
hcii'hed cause if he forget
beneath the Stars and
tripes did Sherman and his van-
U perform their famous inarch
(trough (itorgia and. Carolina,
tied with the torch, and that this
g smiled approval upon out-
;n upon a helpless people that
mid have disgraced the dilrk
is. While standing under this
i.ner did Gen. B. F. Butler pro
unci' the women of Nett Orleans
mil),111 prostitutes, and place
i n honor in the hands of hiv sol-
iiery. For four long years was the
triotism and chivalry of the south
id low,like grain before the scythe
the harvester.in a fruitless effort to
air down anil trample into the dust
ie banner that our people are now
lUcd upon to lot e. Would we not
deed he treacherous to the menio-
r of our fallen heroes if we so soon
aii'pianted in our affection for the
inner they loved—and that is now
re winding sheet of so many of
lir boys ill grey—the flag that they
j talliantlv fought? No; this is
sting too much! Solong as there
a Confederate soldier left
the story of the “Lost Cause”
* within the memory of
r descendants, the banner that
cut down with the surrender of
If Lee. and is now forever furled,
i 1 ! he the flag to which they must
k with love and reverence. To
ipetlv endear a national standard,
must he baptised with the blood
the people o'er whom it floats,
d not in their blood. If our coun
is ever engaged in another war,
1 the South and the North battle
de bv side beneath the Stars and
tripes—as will be the case—then
haps our people will forget the
t and learn to love that flag. But
t day has not as yet arrived
u had as well ask a mother to
* the dagger that pierced the
nit of her first horn, as to expect a
ie Southern man or woman
look with pride and veneration
mi a banner that defiantly floated
so many fields stained with the
I of their kindred; that h
I'sseil the burning of our homes
id insults to our unprotected fami
The South can prove her loy-
to the l nion without this hypo
ical sacrifice of principle. The
flag is associated with too much
utliern blood and too many out
s for our people to revere it as
hould. We do not look upon it
th hate or antagonism, for it is
w the emblem of our common
litre. The North need have no
r that the banner we love will
r be unfurled anil float upon the
ie field and in antagonism with
Stars and Stripes. The issues
e late war are buried with our
and can never be resurrected
people accept the hand of fate,
f occasion arises will prove as
and loyal to the government
rl'.ich they must live
|ld they to the Southern Confed
;y had that cause triumphed. All
South asks is to be let alone,
she may work out her own des
As long as there is a drop of
iel'' blood left in the veins of
people, will they love and cher
i»h th e memory of the “Lost Cause,
its every association will be to
a precious heirloom to hand
dofru to their posterity. The ban
neiftliat our people love and cherish
'jjgttow the winding sheet of a battle-
i cradled nation that was born of a
righteous cause, and after giving
™^^^rorld a history of chivalry and
r, went down before the force
limbers—never to rise again.
HCI WORD
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ATHENS, G\EORGKLA_, TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 10; 1884
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that no one dared scale at his peril.
The good name of her daughters
was the most precious treasure of the
Southland, and it was'guarded with
all the love and chivalry for which
our people ’Were ‘renowned. To
the inquisitive public were the se
crets of Southern society^ a closed
book, that no one dared,- attempt to
open. While given every latitude
that propriety,warflsnfed. Out ladies
were as cautiously guarded against
Pfying eyes as.the Veiled .women of
the East. But what a revolutioniz
ing change is nefw itakidg place!
You can scarcely pick" up a' South
ern papef bpt.what it is 'teeming
with the most brazen and imperti
nent account' of some fashionable
event. Not only the viands upon
the table are enumerated like a bill-
of-fare at a cheap restaurant,, but
the guests are dissected and
portrayed as fashion plates
in a modiste's show window
Report even goes so-far as to say
that newspapers are often posted
in advance by the giver of an enter
tainment, that reporters may have
ample time to prepare their gaubs
of flattering and spread them on
with an unstinted hand. At this
time, ladies are only stripped by
the press of their outer garments,
but if the march of modern society
keeps on progressing as it has in
the past few years, we may expect
the participants at one of these shod
dy society events to stand arrayed in
very scant apparel, while the vigi
lant reporter, with the pen of an
expert, will display garment after
garment to the public eye before
permitting the fair owner to don the
same. We contend that it is i
suit to any Indy to have the privacy
of her toilet invaded and her cos
tume * held out to tho gaze of the
public. “It,is not in keeping with
the nature and character of our
Southern women, and lias the ten
dency to rob them of that innate
modesty and high sense of proprie
ty characteristic of our clime. What
will the country be if stripped of
this, -its greatest treasure? The
proudest glory of the South is its
spotless female virtue, that even the
desolating hand of war could not
touch. .And after that trying orde
al, must they at last succumb before
that ineideous foe. Fashion? We
trust not. Let our Southern ladies
arise in their purity and dispell
this monster that seeks to
j-ob them of those modest
charms that were handed down
as a precious heirloom by their fair
ancestors since our country was in
its infancy! Let the people who
inaugurated thistinsil'socicty retain
and practice it if they see fit, but
never permit it to gair a foothold on
Southern soil. A Southern woman
may change her garb to suit the
whim of Dame Fashion, but never
let her trade that pure heart and
modest deportment, which has al
way's characterized the sex in our
delightful clime, for the glare and
glitter of a most questionable noto
riety. We are proud to say that
this “new era” has not as yet reach
ed Athens, and God grant it never
may! There arc hundreds of fields
open to the young for enjoyment
and pleasure without our ladies sac
rificing their retiring modesty, the
most precious diadem that ever
crowned a fair brow. Let our men
import their corn, bacon and all
else that sustains life from the
North, but our women must draw a
line on fashionable shoddyism. We
do not believe that the true women
of the North will endorse this cus
tom, but that it springs from a
questionable caste of society.
THE NEGRO QUESTION.
THE VIRGINIA SENSATION.
SOCIETY APES.
pc regret to see a tendency in
■them society to imitate the
Rli, and inject into our homis
most objectionable snobbery and
Boms of that section, A digni-
and modest grace has always' j
kactcrizcd the Southern Iadi<jh
gentlemen, and they shrank
notoriety and impertinent co-
y. Before the . war no editor
d have dared to enter a ball-
anil publish a description of
the ladies wore on that occa«
I for he would certainly have
I called to account on the next
, One of our old-time Southern
Is would have felt herself for*
Er disgraced had she seen per
ks a half-column in some news
ier devoted to her personal ap-
Irance. It is thin unswerving
tdcsty that has always thrown
cli a halo of purity and gentleness
mud the name of Southern
iman. They were renowned
I’oughcut the land for their virtue
I grace. While sipping the cup
pleasure as deep as the limits of
ppriety would permit, it was done
1th decorum and modesty. There
La an impregnable wall of rpservi
There is so much of wisdom and
good sense in the fallowing deliv
erance of Bishop Pierce on the ne
gro question that we make no apol-
ogy for copying it from the Consti
tution into the columns of the Ban
ner-Watchman.
The negroes arc entitled to ele
mentary education the same as the
whites from the hands of the slatf.
It is the duty of the church to im
prove the colored ministry, but rath
er by theological training than by
literary. In my judgment, higher
education, so-callcil, would be a
n 'tive calamity to the negroes.
rould increase the friction be
tween the races, produce endless
strife, elevate negro aspirations far
above the station lie was created to
fill ind resolve the Whole race ' into
a political fraction, full of strife,
mischief and turbulence. Negroes
ought to he taught that the respect
of the white race can only be at
tained by good character and con
duct. Their well-being and well
doing all right-fninfled citizens de
sire, and would rejoice in. Agri
culture and all the mechanical pur
suits are open to them, and in them
they might find lucrative employ
ment In these directions they may
support their families, get proper
ty and become valuable citi
zens. If negroes were educated,
intermarriage in time would breed
trouble, but of this I see nc, tenden
cy now. My conviction is that ne-
r ‘ ';ht injuries, Jlegia-
THE HETAH0SPH0&8 OF A SOCIETY BELLE
INTO AN UNMISTAKABLE MALE.
How &ha. That Is. Bow BsMuugsd to Assart His,
That Is, Her Marita! Rights and Immunities—
Consternation of a County Clerk Over the Rave-
UUoatteta Woman Would Want to Marry a
Woman.
Atlanta Journal.
Below we give the details of a
most remarkable occurrence. It
sounds more like romance than tapq
but we must remember that truth is
stranger than fiction. Nor can the
least doubt bo entertained, because
w« have the assurance of. a well
known' citizen of Atlanta, that the.
facts stated in the article concerning
Miss (beg pardon,) Mrs. (pardon
us,) Mr. Rebecca'Payne, are abso
lutely true, he having known her
(him) and her (his) family from
childhood. A special from Win
chester, Va., says:
Miss Elizabeth Rebecca Payne,
daughter of the late Joseph Payne,
seven miles from Winchester, who
has lived for thirty-eight years as a
lady, suddenly avowed herself to
be. a few days since, a man, and
startled James P. Reiley, Clerk of
the County Court here, by applying
for a license to marry Miss Hinton,
who had result^! in the Payrfe fam
ily as a domestic. The lady who
fired the heart of Mr. Payne with
such passion as to compel him to
throw off the habit of a life timeand
declare his sex is prepossessing anil
forty years of age. The strange af
fair has caused a decided sensation
in the Shenandoah Valley and noth
ing elsu is talked about. Payne
was brought up as a girl. No one
ever questioned his sex, and his
avowal that he was a raa» took
away the breath of the community.
Elizabeth Rebecca Payne was .one
of a family of six daughters; was
brought up as a woman, and was
admitted into the best society in
company with other members of the
family. He was always regarded
as a somewhat masculine girl, hut
no one suspected lie was a man. He
was a most dashing and graceful
equestrienne, and always challeng
ed admiration as he frequently rode
into Winchester with his habit and
somewhat long hair trailing in the
wind. He was one of the most
widely known ladies in the valley.
Ill addition to good birth and inher
ited acres he developed remarkable
business talent for. a woman when
reverses in the family fortunes ren
dered it necessary tor some one to
put a shoulder to the wheel.
His sisters were distinguished
for their culture and personal
charms and several of them mar
ried prominent gentlemen. Rebec
ca Payne devoted himself to the
management of a farm and to the
supervision of a store which he had
established at Rest, where he also
held the appointment of postmis
tress. He also dealt ill cattle and
horses and became an expert in
that way. All his enterprises pros
pered and he has acquired consid
erable wealth. Determined to mar
ry he threw ofl"his dresses and ap
plied for a license from court at
Winchester, but the astonished
cleric, who, like everybody else,
knew him as a woman, declined to
issue a license for a woman to mar
ry a woman.
The parents of Miss Hinton live
in Berkeley county, W. Va., adjoin
ing Frederick county, in which Miss
Wright lives, so the Utter proceed
ed to Martinsburg, the county seat
of Berkeley county, and procured a
marriage license in the name of L.
R. Payne, and the latter was cele
brated Thursday afternoon, as above
stated, the Rev. John Landstreet,
of the M. E. Church, south, Mar
tinsburg, officiating. A large
crowd witnessed the marriage, the
church doors being thrown open
at the expense of the groom. The
groom, who put on male attire only
a few days before the wedding, is
good-looking, tall and slim, rather
delicate looking, of fair complexion,
and with long curls.
Additional interesting details of
the groom are given in the Balti
more American, in a letter from
Staunton, written by a former teach
er of the girl groom. Sne speaks
in the highest terms of praise of
Rebecca. She made friends every
where by her gentleness of manner
and openness of heart. She was a
true Christian, and circumspect in
all her actions—respectful and at-
tentivc'to her instructors, ambitious
to excel; and that laudable ambi
tion carried her up to the highest
round of the ladder of knowledge.
She was famed for her
SfUSCUI.AH FORCE
and was a leader in all brave ex
ploits. A shadow of sadness, how
ever, seemed to rest forever on her
fixed and handsome features, caus
ed by some deep secret that marred
her youthful happiness. Years
after her graduation a prosperous
young farmer
FELL IN LOVE WITH IIEH AND PRO-
POSED
in this way: ‘‘Becky, I have a farm
worth $60,000, and would like to
marry you; but I don’t want to
AFTERGLOWS OF GOLD.
Scientific statements Made a Century Ago.
A ‘writer in the London Times
titled to respect *hd
ation in all his pursuits and
while he himself is Industrie
upright and well behaved.
A woman inHew.York
man for breaking his enga;
ich surrounded eveiy true woman and then blowout her own
History
a village in Hampshire, about 50
miles from London, writes as fol
lows:
“The summer of the year 17S3
was an amazing and portentious
one, and full of horrible phenome
na;'for besides the alarming mete
ors and tremendous) thunder-storms
that affrighted and distressed the
different counties of this kingdom,
the pecnliar naie 'and smoky fog
that prevailed for many weeks in
this island, and Jn,every part of
Europe, and even beyonds its limits
was a most extraordinary appear
ance, unlike anything known with
in the memory of man. By my
journal I found that I had noticed
this strange occurrence^ from June
23 to July 20 inclusive, duringjwhich
period the wind varied to every
quarter without making any altera
tion in the air. The sun at noon
looked as black as a clouded moon,
and shed a ferruginous light on the
ground and floors of rooms, but
was particularly lurid and blood-
colored at rising .and setting. The
country people began to look with
superstitious awe at the red lower
ing aspect of the sun; and, indeed,
there was a reason for the most en
lightened person to be apprehen
sive, for all the while Calabria and
part of the isle of Sicily were torn
and convulsed with earthquakes,
and about that juncture a volcano
sprung out of the sea on the coast of
Norway.”
Other writers, says tile corres
pondent of the Times, also mention
volcanic disturbances in this same
year. We are told by Lyell and
Geikie that there were great vol
canic eruptions in anil near Iceland,
A submarine volcano hurst forth in
the sea, 30 miles southwest of Ice
land, which ejected so much pum
ice that the ocean was covered with
this substance to the distance of 150
miles, and ships were considerably
impeded in their course, and a new
island was formed, from which fire
and smoke and pumice were emit
ted. Besides this submarine erup
tion, the volcano Skaptar-Jokull, on
the mainland, on June 11, 1783.
threw out a torrent of lava, so im
mense as to surpass in magnitude
the hulk of Mont Blanc,
and ejected so vast an amount
of fine dust that the at
mosphere over Iceland continued
loaded with it for months after
wards. It fell in such quantities
over parts of Caithness—a distance
of 600 miles—as to destroy the
crops, and that year is still spoken
of by the inhabitants as the year of
“the asliie." These particulars are
gathered from the text books of
Lyell and Geikie. I am not aware
whether the coincidence in time of
the Icelandic eruptions, and of the
peculiar appearance, of the sun, de
scribed by Gilbert White, has yet
been noticed; but this coincidence
may very well be taken as some little
evidence towards explaining the
connection between the recent
beautiful sunsets and the tremen
dous volcanic explosion of the Isle
of Krakatoa in August last. The
letter of the Rev. Mr. White refer
red to will be found on page 300 of
Bohn’s edition of his charming
hook, and the letters preceding it
contain further statements regard
ing the meteorological wonders of
17S3 and 17S4.
DOUGLASS, TENDER, TRUE.
SOME RACY DEVELOPMENTS PROMISED.
Bis BosMk Mpar Claims an Ear Don ThrM Thou-
• JVeio York Correspondence Courier-Journal.
From private advices it is learned
here that a suit likely to develop
points of interest will be filed to
morrow at Washington against
Frederick Douglass. It grows out
of the recent marriage with Miss
Pitts, and the consequent change of
his former domestic relations. The
points in the case are’represented to
be as follows:
Some years ago a man by the
name of Sprague married a daugh
ter of Mr. Douglass. Sprague had a
sister living in the West, an intelli
gent mulatto girl who was suppos
ing herself as a seamstress. About
the time of the marriage the former
wife of Douglass was in such poor
health that he thought it best to re
lieve her as much as possible from
household cares, and he suggested
to his new son-in-law the idea of
having Miss Spraguejcome to Wash
ington and take practical charge of
his housekeeping arrangements.
Correspondence was entered into
and the young woman expressed a
willingness to undertake the duty if
the consideration was made large
enough to justify her in leaving her
business in the West. The propo
sition made by Mr. Douglass, and
said to be in the young woman’s
possession in black and white, was
a salary of $25 a month and
“found.”
This being satisfactory, the con
tract was closed, and Miss Sprague
came on lo Washington. This was
twelve years ago. During all that
time the complainant will state that
the plaintiff complied with the
terms of the contract by giving her
undivided attention to the Douglass
household, performing a great deal
of menial service never contemplat
ed. For all this perioi^he claimant
will further allege the plaintiff, in
stead of receiving the stipulated sal
ary of $25 a month, obtained on an
average about $40 a year on which
to dress herself, and that even this
paltry sum was wrung with great
difficulty from the defendant. Judg
ment in full for .salary as nous’e-
•keeper for thc-above term of years,
aggregating nearly $3,000 is the bur
den of the suit.
This action has been hastened by
the marriage of Dougluss. The evi
dence, it is understood, will show
that when he brought his white
wife home and introduced her. lie
met with rather a cold and stormy
THE OTIS CANNIBAL. .
Wrsckod When a Boy and Brought Dj u a Man
The “Otis Cannibal,” as he is
known throughout Berkshire coun
ty, Massachusetts, says a New York
Times special of the 8th, has figiir
ed for a day in the criminal cou
as defendant in a case for robbin r
an old woman’s pork barrel, and
to-day was given a month in jail for
theft. ‘‘Yer’d better had stuck to
man meat and let the pork alone,”
said an old granger to the prisoner,
as he passed out of the court room
in charge of an officer. The prison
er evidently did not enjoy the ban
ter, and replied: “I wouldn’t wint 1
ter chaw yerj tough, old carkiss.”
The cannibal’s real name is Edwafd
Hazard, and many people believe
that he ha* really eaten hu-
hutnan flesh. For several years he
has' been one of the attractions at
a neighboring cattle show, the little
tent that concealed his not over at
tractive person bearing the card,
“Only 5 cents to see the oldest can
nibal in Berkshire county.” While
Western Massachusetts has had a
good many queer characters, no
one had previously supposed that
the county which boasts a college,
and snch snmmer resorts as Stock-
bridge. LeVinoxand Williamstown,
did really possess a collection of
cannibals of assorted ages.
Till within a year or so Hazard
has led a semi-savage existence in a
hut on one of the Otis hills. He
fished and hunted, and if reports
are true, more often ate his fish and
.noils :Oqro3
• ni .siiyoa
>M,1o aril'll
-I WIW
JUMi
XXX
THE ; .ROCKS OF .LEXINGTON.
Augusta J'nn
, ^ had lpqgjieardjofthe wonder
ful, {pckq 9nthe estate of Governor
Gilmcri',BJt .Lexington, and while
hetp determined to see them. Mr.
Ephojf, the present owner of Gilmer
place, a very epurteous and intelli
gent gentleman, vepy kindly accom
panied ‘me to jtjie rocks an J showed
ope all,the purigsities. We left his
ofijceat.the cogrt house early in the
afterpqpn, and a short walk brought
us to the Giluje/ .home. The house
is h}rge, roomy unusually spacious,
broad, lofty piazzas surround the
house, the laUGirecian columns giv
ing,a very imposing appearance as
one enters the gate leading to the are
extensive grounds. The house is
surrounded by shrubbery, and there
are very ma,ny singular specimens
of quartz and rocks of all kinds, one
particularly,, a large, beautifully
plpar crystal, containing in its centre
a pure drop of water which moves
as it is turned. There were many
crystals almost perfect in shape,
some beautifully clear, others pur
ple or of various colors. On either
side of the gate was a stone altar or
rather the altar had been separated
by Gov. Gilmer and placed on each
side the gate, the indentations in
the stones showing where bonds
of some kind had been placed to
keep the stones comprising the altar
together, were distinctly marked.
The whole had formed a circular
altar about four feet in height and
of twenty or more feet in tircumfer-
The Governor had found it
game ra w than cooked, _ expressing *"“ ewhere on his estate and had ; t
decided taste for it in that state.
In his hut he kept a “boudish,”
a hideous idol, which he worshipped
peformiiur strange ceremonies in
the dead of night. This he finally
burned, saying that it was impossi
ble to have it bring him gooff luck
unless he could offer human sacri
fices before it. He continued,
however, to jvorship any freaks of
nature which he found in the woods
or fields,such as strange rock for
mations or gnarled tree branches.
According to his story lie was
thrown on one of the South Sea Is
lands when a boy, the ship on which
he was serving as cabin boy being
wrecked. The island was occupied
by cannibals, who made short work
of Hazard’s companions who escap
ed to land with him. Two were
ofiered up ;o the big “boudish,” or
idol, of the tribe, after being tortur
ed terribly with fire and by other
means. The three others were fat
tened, after they had apparently
been taken into the tribe, and then
A ROME MORMON SPEAKS OUT IN
MEETING.
A reporter of the Cincinnati En
quirer, out in Colorado, writes an
interesting letter about the recent
rebellion in the Mormon church out
there, and gives the following inter
view with Felix B. Moyers, former
ly of this city:
“I came west to join the Mormons
in 1S77, am a native of Lincoln
county, Tenn., but lived in Rome
2S years; have eight children out
here with me; am a wagon maker.
I wrs converted to Mormonism in
1S76. There were a good many
Mormon missionaries in Georgia;
six or seven in the neighborhood of
Rome. You would not think it
was the same religion. Blasphemy
is shockingly common, and Sabbath
breaking is the rule.
“There is great suffering among
our southern people here. We try
to help one another, hut it is very
hard, anil there is much actual suf
fering. Very many of them are
suffering for food, actually suffering.
Noliody can make crops here. fThe
Mexicans do not do it, and these
Utah folks can’t do it. It’stoocold.
Our wheat' does not ripen until
September, and the frost generally
catches it in the milk, so that it is
spoiled for flour anil only good for
feed.
“It got rumored about that the
priesthood were selling out the Mor
mon vote for money, as*we Mor
mons held the balance of power in
notice that he was master, and ail
who were not pleased could go.
The plaintiff", whose occupation was
gone in the advent of a new wife,
was promptly dismissed, and with
out the usual payment of salary.
The plaintiff’ will he represented
by Judge T. J. Mackey, the spirited
South Carolina lawyer, now prac
ticing in Washington, and one of
the leading republicans of his state.
He will be remembered as the man
,who in 1S76 took the stump in that
state for Hayes on the national tick
et and Hampton for Governor on
local issues.
A gentleman who has heard the
judge speak of the coming suit, says
it will develop a number of breezy
peculiarities about the social and do
mestic life of the colored Moses.
Judge Mackey will emphasize the
plaintiff’s claims by drawing a sharp
contrast between the lofty political
utterances of Douglass and his pri
vate practices. He will show how
the underlying principle of slavery,
namely, the denial of the right of
compensation for labor, lias been re
vived by a great anti-slavery leader
and against one of his own race
As Col. Bob Ingersoll is likely to be
engaged for the defense, the public
may safely count on some spirited
legal cross-fire, forjudge Mackey
is not afraid of edge tools and is re
markably expert in their use. Fred.
Douglass is reported to he worth at
least $200,000.
A BLOODY AFFRAY
‘.u"’-! >y „ s . er i vin n slaughtered fora banquet which the
King gave in honor of friends who
came to see him from a neighboring
island. Hazard’s youth saved him
for the time being, and he won the
good will of the King by his inge
unity in the use of various tools ta
ken from thy wrecked ship. lie
was given a wife, taught to ’eat hu
man flesh, and raised a family. He
also learned to worship the idols of
the islanders, anil says he cannot
entirely lay aside the ‘‘religious hab
its” he formed there. After ljving
with the savages a dozen years, he
escaped to a passing vessel, paddling
out to the snip on the pretense of
decoying the crew to the island.
With all his eccentricities he is ap
parently a harmless sort of a man,
and the yearning for roast baby
which he occasionally expresses is
laughed at by the people who live
about him.
- - . this country, and our priesthood
marry all your sisters. They cant were consequently courted bv both
”"' 1 ’ ”* parties. As long as we thought
Right
involves character and qualification.
The appointment of any colored
man to office by the government is
an insult io the southern people,
•ad pfroyokes conflict and dissatis-
faction, when, if left as they ought
to be, in their natural sphere, there
would be quiet anil good order. The
whites can never tamely and with
out protest submit to the intrusion
of colored men wto rawypf trust
and rcspotniljflPy. -There never
contestability and good osder ex-
cept when intelligence and virtue
preside and diroot tbe affurs of the
edantty. The negro fought to be
protected in all his rightrof person
and property by the righteous ad-
mlararfflNI MJMllfk He is eu-
LyUgaagMiMUlARind cisd^
live with us.
She replied: “John, I have as
good a farm as yours, but don’t
want you nor your $60,000. I am 1
already married to my mother and
sisters. We all have enough to eat
without my marrying.”
John went Snd got married to
another girl, and after awhile Becky
bought his farm for about half its
value and added it to the family
estate.
The sequel of this strange event
ful history is told in the details
given in the letter from Winchester.
UNCERTAIN GROUND.
Tbn Item Dliutxaa Cm tn-Pwpl* ranting
Still Putter Battling Down.
WlLKFSBARRE, Pa., Feb. IO.
A dispatch from Hazelton, dated
to-day, says: “Great excitement pre
vails here concerning the recent
cave-in. Further settling of the
ground took place on Friday night
and yesterday. A portion of the
Lehigh Valley depot has fallen a lit
tle, and all the company’s effects
have been removed therefrom. The
new engine house of the company
has also suffered and the engines
have baftn taken away. As yet the
railroad tracks are uninjured, but it
is feared that further settling of the
ground will take place, rendering
traffic impossible. A large force of
men are at work timbering in the
seamstelow, but they refuse to give
any inforawtion as to the condition
of -the workings. - The company,
however, last night notified the res
idents who had moved away from
the vicinity that they - could return,
all waa safe; but none have com-
* ^ the invitation, it being
ieJS&'gJr'-” ff
AN AWFUL BIRTHMARK.
Mysterious and Bo.Hblo Suffering of n Pennsyl-
the thing was square we were wil
ling to vote together, but when we
come to believe that we were being
sold out we revolted at the last
election. I was one of the first re-
volters., and I was immediately
summoned before the council for
discipline for disobeying the dic
tates of the priesthood. I went, and
they told me if I would acknowl
edge I had done wrong it would
be all right, but I wouldn’t apolo
gise. I thought it looked like slav
ery, and the apology was due to
me instead of them. I considered
it an insult to my manhood. As
long as they worked us through our
faith and our church sympathies
they had us all right, but when we
saw that there was a threat back of
it you see they found they’d got
hold of a powerful unruly lot of
stock ta drive. There is some po
lygamy here, but that is all among
the Utah people. None of us South
erners have taken up with that
abomination. Tell the folks at
home that we haven’t got that
low.”
The revolt has created great con
sternation in the church, and the
moguls of Utah have teen consult
ed with in regard to it Trusted
agents were sent out from here again
to-day to lay new.facts before the
big elders at Salt Lake. -There is
much excitement in consequence,
and there may be sensational devel
opments.
London, Februaiy is.—Further
advices concerning die.ftQof Siq-
kat state that Tewfik Bey, prefer
ring to surrender, blew up the for-
tificaticrt), spiked the gun sand made
'• 'Sortie. His six hundred men were
, all massacred.
* WB sf! BSLp
In Which Two Parties who Have Relatives in Ath
ens, Gx, Figure.
Hot Springs, Feb. 9.—A terri
ble tragedy was enacted on the
streets of the city this morning at
about 11 o’clock. Three brothers
named Frank, Jack and William
Flynn were proceeding home in a
hack when a party of seven men,
armed with double-barrel shot guns
and Winchester rifles, stepped out
from the door of the saloon and
opened fire. The Flynns were
armed, but the attack was totally
unexpected, jack Flynn was shot
through the forehead by a ball from
a Winchester rifle, and died in a few
minutes. William was shot through
the breast, and the wound will prob
ably prove fatal. Frank received a
shot through the hand, inflicting a
slight wound. Frank Hall, driver
of the hac’:, was shot thiough the
back of the neck, and died an hour
afterward. Robert Hargrave, a by
stander, was shot through the breast.
He will probably die. J. H. Craig,
a prominent lumberman, received a
charge of buckshot through the
back, and his condition is considered
precarious. The difficulty originat
ed some weeks agq in an effort of
Frank Flynn to prevent one Doran
from opening a gambling
house. It culminated at the
time in Doran making a cowardly
attempt to assassinate Frank, failing
in which he fled the city. He re
turned a few nights ago, hut Flynn
was unaware of his presence in the
city until the fatal volley opened on
him. The seven men who did the
shooting were arrested and are now
in jail. They are S. A. Doran, two
Pruitt brothers, a man named How
ell and three others. The most in
tense excitement prevails, and
strong threats of lynching the pris
oner^ are made. The citizens are
loud in their condemnation of the
murderous and cowardly act. Judge
Wood has been telegraphed to by
leading citizens, requesting him to
adjourn court at Malvern, and re
turn here, and hold a speciel session
to try the murderers. If he consents
the law will probably he allowed to
take its course. If not the citizens
boldly threaten to burn the jail, and
hang the prisoners.
BUTLER MAHONE.
HowBa Got a Soft Placa latte Santa.
Washington, _ Feb. 11.—CoL
Boling; of-Virginia, said to-night:
“I will tpl) you the true inwardness
of the' sppomtment of 1 Ruder Ma
hon e as' Distributing Clerk of the
senate. It was not the doing of
Senator Mahone, hut of Mrs. Ma-
bone, his Yrife. She was determin
ed that Butler should have the place.
She kept at republican senators and
at prominent Virginia readjusters
until the appointment had to be
made. * She would not have *no’ for
an answer.”
A most remarkable case of human
suffering, says a Philadelphia spe
cial to the Baltimore Day, and one
which has steadily baffled medical
science, is reported in Springfielil,
Erie county, Pa.* William Furge-.
son, when 7 years of age, was seiz
ed with severe pains in his right
hand, and though he is now 46 years
of age, he has been annually attack
ed, singularly though at each time
suffering more than at the preced
ing.
Convulsions and paroxysms now
visit him at exactly the same period
of the year, and always at the same
hour in the evening. He is now
suffering the most acute agony, and
is visited by scores of physicians,
who in every case have been com
pletely baffled. By this peculiar
freak of nature his body becomes
terribly contorted. Respiration al
most ceases, and he becomes for the
time being unconscious, and on
awakening shows every evidence of
having passed thiough a most ter
rible ordeal. On being restored he
becomes perfectly well, and is only
troubled at intervals of a vear, but
with positive regularity.
The case can only he accounted
for by the fact that Furgeson’s
mother, shortly before his birth,
saw the contortions and evidences
of agony in a snake which had been
thrown into fire, and that he has be
come thus birth-marked.
- teleGRapic- sparks..*,*
.» » *•! * rc»TTror%iii Wl
, An {^tipfuucijiUi teittajuust'ydt
ashyietjm,, , Iiw> lib
The caseggaimf.Fx$nk Janfei'ho*
beep dismissed. ^ q
Congress has passed q b.ill for the
relief,of the floojl sutTercrs. iq ,i
There are . tweqty-fopv .cases of
jrelloWj fever at Rio ae Janeiro,) 1
The** ip great dppjcesvpp in tfhdfc
and npnijfactupng in England" - •<
The Geqrgja Pacific, has been ex
tended From Birmingham to' tShef:
field. ■ ’■ ’ 1 ~ i ., .
- . -t . • .! - | »
Leading republican congressmen
fArBii/f t0 ^* 5 ^ eat nornlaat * < ? n
D’L&sseps sa'yp that the scheme
for creating a sea ih the'desert of
Sahara will shortly be realized. ‘ '
Dr. Sterling C. Eve, k prominent
physician of Augusts, died Saturday
night. Prof. MaUett died in Texas.
TTstill houic was recently burned
bySHUflatHfirit* inCDadecounty. 1116
The money Spent for whisky in
'Wold {feed the
- . u -
! .There is a man in Screven coun-
iy.-who can eat a peck of biscuits
jjgjLA of,butter . at one
-j, There r are . about 1,600 liquor
dealer's. lii the state and they pay
*iHtq the treasury $40,000 for license
It is now proposed to render naV
igabl the Chattahoochee river from
the W. & A. railroad bridge to West
Point. ' ■ 1 ,
Advices from South Africa, re
port the death of Cetewayo, the fa
mous Zulu chieftain, of heart dis
ease. • ’ r ‘
carried to his house. It is not known
who erected the altar, as the Indians
are not known to have worshipped
in this way. It must be of great
antiquity. Mr. Echols then led the
way to “The Rocks” through
rich fields and grand old woods,
showing me the old “Gilmer Walk,”
traces of which were plainly to be
seen winding through the woods to
the “Rocks.” These famous rocks
were mentioned in the earliest his
tories of the country by travelers
through Georgia. The most won
drous is the “Shaking Rock,” a
huge boulder of eighty tons or more,
so delicately balanced that I
easily moved it with one
hand up and down for a foot or
more. This rock is oblong and
rests upon two others of great size
cropping two feet out of the ground.
Here also is “Lover’s Leap,” a sheer
descent of thirty feet, aud there are
many miniature caves, abrupt pre
cipices, huge masses of granite
boulders piled fantastically one up
on, another, as if giants of old in
some playful manner had placed
them so. These rocks are upon the
top,of a Very high, steep hill, over
grown with magnificent trees of
grand proportions and entirely free
froth undergrowth; so that one li
an .unobtrusive view to the foot of
the hill where flows a sparkling
brook,'bounding merrily over great
rocks on its way to the sea. All up
the steep sides of the opposite hill
and along the banks of the brook
are locks of all sizes and shapes,
many ' standing alone, others in
masses piled fantastically one upon
the other. Could twenty or more
acres containing these rocks and
their beautiful surroundings be cut
out and transported to New York,
what a fabulous price they would
bring to be made into a grand and
beautiful park.
From the Shaking Rock we con
tinued our walk to another group
to see the ciiriosity of a tree swal
lowing a rock. This rock is long,
narrow and somewhat pointed; the
tree a large white oak, growing
near it, tossed and shaken by the
winds. Its surface near the rock
was abraided by its contact. As it
grew, fulfilling a law of nature to
heal all injuries, it began to grow
around the rock until now it has ta
ken in, surrounded, or so to speak,
swallowed about seven feet of the
rock in length and about twenty in
circumference. It has the exact ap
pearance of some huge animal swal
low ing its food. The bark on all
sides of the rock has the exact look
of the strained and extended skin of
an immense mouth. There are very
many other curiosities which I have
not time to mention.
WHAT MR. CANDRER SAYS.
BLOODSHED IN WALTON.
i y
night was a memorable night with
the negroes of tilts county. In his
cabin in. Monroe, Flem Hillyet was
sitting quietly by the fire thinking
of the events of the coming Sunday,
when a negro named Dan stepped
up behind him and dealt hint a
stunning blow behind the ear with
a stick of wood, which knocked
him lifeless for several minutes.
Dan made his escape. In the pub
lic road four miles south of Monroe;
a genertl row occurred in which
Colley Malcom, colored, was mor
tally shot, the ball entering his left
nipple. He is not dead, but there
is no chance fer his recovery. Hen
ry Herndon and Bill Mitchell, col
ored, are both in jail, charged with
doing the shooting. On the same
night, near Good Hope, Green Ev
ans, colored, shot and killed Dock
Hoovey, colored. There was a
general row in progress. Dock
Hoovey was the peacemaker and
received tho fatal ball. What to do
with the turbulent negroes is a ques
tion which is troubling the tax-pay
ers of this county. The jail is not
large enough to hold them and the
two weeks allowed by law for the
superior court to sit is not long
enough to try them. No less than
twelve eases of felony have been
committed in the county since Au,
gust court and the culprits are alt
in jail awaiting trial. _ How |ong
will such a state of r flairs exist?
FIENDISH* WORK.
St. Paul, Minn., Feb. 7, 1884.
A juvenile Jesse James gang at
Minneapolis took a lad named John
ny Nolan to a neighbor’s tern j this
morning and hanged bint? He waa
struggling in death throes when
fonnd ana cut down.
Washington Correspondence Gainesville Eagle.
“The recent resolution of the Sen
ate. giving each Senator a secretary,
has had the effect of turning the at
tention of the House in that direc
tion, and many members upon the
theory that a representative has
much more work to do than a Sen
ator, are seriously urging the meas
ure. Mr. Belford, of Colorado, fa
cetiously called “the red-headed
rooster of the Rockies,” has intro
duced the resolution, which has been
referred to the appropriate commit'
tee. Candler is opposed to the res
olution, and will vote against it He
says the membc:s were sent here to
do the work themselves, and not to
pay some one else, out of the peo
ple’s money to do it; and if they
don’t like the job, ‘they can pour it
back in the jug.’ ”
FEEDING UPON GRAVES.
The strange animal which has
been desecrating graves in Perry
Township, Wood county, has again
been seen. A gentleman whose ve
racity is not questioned gives this
description of the novel grave-yard
ghoul: Its neck and breast are white
and the rest of the body is black
the tracks of its front feet are about
eight inches long and three wide,
making impressions in the snow
with its claws about twice the
length of a man’s finger. The
tracks made by the hind feet are
nearly round, and about the size of
a. large dog’s, eveept the daws,
which are longer ond sharper. The
animal is about three feet long and
eighteen inches high.
It burrows into the ground in the
grave yard, and penetrating the cof
fins therein contained, devours'the
contents thereof. It travels with
such rapidity that all attempts thns
far to kill it have been futile. The
man who last saw the animal says
it was in the middle of the road, hsv-
ing gone from a farm ' by literally
.tearmg the fence to pieces. His
dog gave chase to the animal, but
soon returned scared almost to
death.
The people living in the vicinity
having frequently heard loud noises
Which are supposed tp ha ye emula
ted from this peculiar, unnamed
unknown beast Thojaniraalissajc
to be slowly working'in way to
wards Toledo. *>
?/. ,*» shipping
iAu
' The Cleplington waite works at
Dundee were burned yesterday
morning. Four firemen lost their
lives. ; . 1
Young John Griffin, grandson of
Dr. Willis Westmoreland, .acciden
tally shot a .little negro boyin the
arm in Atlanta. The wound is not
considered 'dangerous.
The bloody shirt committee lias
left Washington' on its mission in
Virginia and Mississippi. It is ac
companied by the usual retinue of
cierks and messengers.
The capitol commission has taken
its first decisive. step by accepting
the plan of a Chicago firm, so that
Georgia is in a fair' way to see her
permanent council chamber erected.
Wausau, Wis., Feb; it.—The
county jail here was burned early
this morning, and Mike Donald and
Ed. Carey, two desperadoes, confin
ed in the jail, were burned to death.
Cairo, February 11.—The Khe
dive appears to be in a deplorable
condition. He labors under the
delusion that there is a movement
foot to pbison him, and
he sends his wife to the kitchen to
inspect his food,
Reading, Feb. 6.x—The Grand
Lodge of the Junior American Prot
estant Association adjourned to-day,
after inserting the word “white” in
the constitution, thus excluding col
ored people from the order. There
can be no appeal from this decision
of the Grand Lodge.
Atlanta, Ga., Feb.'-8.—A. E.
Buck, chairuian. of the Republican,
State Central committee, 1 has issucij
a’call for a meeting on the 2d inst.,
to fix' the time of meeting of th'e'
State convention. The indicafibns
re that the con ventiqn will be call
ed for April, 9th,
New York, February 9.—The
total visible supply of cotton for, the
world is 3,389,806 bales, including
2,741,566 American, against' 3,234,-
912 and 2,577;6t2 respectively last
year. The receipts of cotton at ail
the interior towns were 1 3,169. The
receipts from plantations, 94,202.
The crop in sight is 4,920,787.
Mr. Joel W. Bowman, an exami
ner of the department of justice, tes-,
tified that he had made an investiga
tion of the offices of Douglass, ex
marshal of the western district of
North Carolina, and General Long-
street, marshal of the northern dis
trict of Georgia. He said the officers
were direlectin their dutjr, and were
guilty of negligence and inattentive
to the affairs of their offices, while
some of their deputies were.dishon-
est in each district.
Charlotte, C. H. Va., Feb. 8.—
Isaac Robertson, a full-blooded ne
gro, has been sentenced to three
years in prison for abducting a
young white girl, whom he induced
to elope with him as his wife. His
defense was that the girl became in
fatuated with him, and fearing her
father’s i*age he rah away ^vith her.
This story, however, failed to con
vince the jury, which was compos
ed of 8 whites and 4 blacks, all of
whom voted him guilty.
Cuthbert, Ga., Feb. 9.—A most
shocking murder was committed at
the junction, about one and a half
miles from Cuthbert on Wednesday
night last. A negro killed his own
wife, cut her throat and otherwise
mangled her body. He then placed
her on the railroad track, doubtless
hoping thereby to avoid suspicion.
The trains passing both ways du
ring the night ran over the body.
The guilty husband was caught yes
terday hut escaped before getting
into the hands of the officers. Ef-'
forts are being made to capture him,
A convict who escaped from the
Louisiana state prison walked hard
all night, and by daylight wzs forty
miles away. Fearing detection by
medns of his striped garb, he went
boldly into a negro farm house, told
the owner that he was a circus' 'per
former disabled by rheumatism, and
offered to swap the costume for any
old suit of ordinary clothes. The
bargain was made and the runa
way continued his flight in safety.
THE PAY OF PREACHERS. ;
Constitution: The Constitution,
once took the trouble to show ‘that :
the state * of Georgia .paid more!to
support its dogs than its preachers.
It is true of every state in which the
dog is untaxed that the dogs cost
more than the*preachers.: • 'j 0
■ We print tome statistics!.this mprnx
ing to show that . even in.thA large
churches of this city the preachers,
salaries are much lower than the
same prominence would 1 command
in other professions or in ..other call
ings.- Bat we have tbeifigures at
hand, with which to go further. In
the Methodist conference of North
Georgia there are 196 preachers. Of
these there are two that get bver’
$2,coo both in Atlanta.) There are
25 who get over averaging
$1,306 45 each. There -fltp
17* who receive less, than $1,006,
averaging $463.50. The whole coij-
Ayvoung man of at years has
ieloped from Cochran .with Mrs.
Caroline White, a widow lady, aged
'Iff ytears; and married her. •
, The rascal who kidnapped two
chHdre'ni 1 Stolfc' two horses and $35
at ‘Madison; 'Fla., a few days ago
pn t dj was subsequently reported as
P?? s \ n S through Quitman, was pur-
» e( L by j a P osse trader Marshal
Brooks, of Boston, and finally over
taken and killed on the banks of the
Chattahoochee river at Stifinulga
Blufjs.,., v . 8
Frederick, John and Stephen
Terry were three brothers who had
lived in the' mountains of Harris
county, fast friends and next door
neighbors all their lifetime: They
"were 1 aged respectively 78, So and
82 years. January 27th Frederick
died of pneumonia. January 29th
Jphn (Jieil of grief at Frederick’s de
mise. February 1st Stephen suc
cumbed to his great sorrow, and
also died.
Robert Ingram, who is farming
on the plantation of J.-M. 'Storey,
near Greenesboro, killed an enor
mous wild cat in his bed room the
other night. In the room Mr. In
gram had provisions for his hands,
and the cat had by some means got
in and was eating meat when Mr.
Ingram,awoke. He fired four times
at the beast before he succeeded in
killing it. ' If'showed some fight be
fore it died.
. At Greenesboro Mondaiy Miss
Mary Bowles, of that city, was mar
ried to Samuel Hand, of Altoona,
Fla. The courtship of the couple
smacks much of romance, having
been conducted wholly by corres
pondence; and the contracting par
ties not having seen each other un
til a few- days prior to the ceremo-
•Utony. The couple left for Florida,
which they will make their future
home.
I
H. V. Shepherd, of Taylpr coun
ty, on Tuesday, the 29th of Novem
ber, wHile eating his dinner swal
lowed the • shiver of a bird bone
Which.lodgcd in his throat, causing
intense pain. On Wednesday he
came to Butler, and. Dr. Smith made
every effort to extract the bone
from whence it had imbedded itself
in the flesh, but proved unsuccess
ful, and Shepherd still remains a
painful sufferer.
Campbell county is advancing.
We have a ghost or rather a fiery
visitant from the spirit land. Mr.
and Mrs. Patman, who live near
the point on the Atlanta and West
Point railroad, where Al Thomas
was killed in December last, claim
to havp seen a large bluish, sul
phurous looking fight, about the
size Of a barrel, following' the south
bound freight train, on the evening
of January 23. The light stopped
.exactly at the; spot where Mr.
.T^tpatas w^s .killed, and remained
'there' until'about ti o’clock, the
tiiWht which his body was removed
<0 Palmetto on the night of the ac
cident .Several other neighbors al-
so,: v/jtnessed the phenomenon.
They are positive that they saw it,
btft do hot attempt to solve the mys
tery. •
The Thomasville Enterprise of
Feb. 7 says? 1 “Last Monday a man
named Wheeler made a dastardly
assault on Mrs. F. E. Durati, out on
the Culvuitt road. She was driving
along the road alone when he saw
her; and picking up a fen'ce rail
struck her a murderous blow, evi-
dently with the intention of stun
ning or, killing, and then robbing
her. Fortunately a sewing machine
which she had in the wagon with
her acted as a shield and prevented
the blow from accomplishing the
object for which it was intended.
Mrs.. Duran’s screams were heard
by her son, Reno Duran, who hap
pened to be not far off, and he
rushed to her rescue, knocked the
would-be-murderer down, tied and
brought him to town, where he was
consigned to the tender mercies of
Sheriff Hurst. Wheeler appeared
to be very drunk when he was be
ing taken to jail, but it is generally
believed that he was not as much so
as he pretended.”
ference, 196. preachers, aVatag£
$57*-°3 each.; Reaching the other
At Butler a few nights ago un
known roughs raided the tent of a
‘ ' ' ” photographer, and after
the canvas, * —
beneath it.
tj ll/JU JaatsS <|i nnn I . .... , ...
’ - 1 ' !J 1 •** L)*: i j>3IJiup3* t *r , “Ulk?tltMiMtt I *f*ft*- ****** *** i .■*X aoM -k* 01 ./
GENERAL NEWS.
It is now feared that Gen. Grant
will never again appear in public.
'The Modoc tribe of Indians now
numbers but twenty-six families of
106 persons.
Several of the Presidential dark
horses are said to be really don
keys in disguise.
, The fund being raised in Boston
for the Gay Head Indians has reach
ed nearly $4,000.
The way to make P- T. Barnum
mad is to ask him if his new white
elephant really has the mange.
Carrie Wilcox, a-handsome girl,
of. Bradford, Pa., has renounced
Christianity to,marry a' Hebrew.
Among the inmates of the “Old
People’s Home,” at Chicago, arc
Josie Man field’s mother and Gui-
teau’s mother-in-law. .
! Small-pox has made, its appear
ance in the soutji, and -jt, ntqqber of
cases are reported . at Louisville,
Ky., and Shreveport, La. * .
. v. i ! ttoj u*i.f .
. A white rajnbpw is ong , of Hie
fare'phenomena lately obsojfad. It
Was seen by M. Cornu, the - French
astronomer, on November 2S, in
teirtti ; 1. ms)
;-The first steel) riflelL'canpon man-
nfacturod bytbe;q«Kf*4sStyty» gov
ernment, has just teen completed
and
. ------- , in’at 5 Annapolis.
'. 'iite , 'rieM.'1hne i Sergeant' Bates
starts out' on'k-■ -tramp* W • (should
combine titfe business -of oont doc
tor with ha-iprpfefsuMn $«!F atriot '
He yrovdfl;$9fljjuf cxcursipns much
at the
expiration ol-14 months had;butch-
ered 3, sold 3 and had .Tffi deft. He
knowSittf-.no domtstic aqini^fit for
me^t- which is so prolific 4s the
8 0a 'h' 1 . .* iL., l*t IvJ'SUs't
icitANf0N,Feb s 7.—Mrs.. Tames
^MwPfftfainnwHwSe sec-
1 thitf - cityc.died .to-day in a
“ frW.H.
of
dentist? adiaiftat: the office <
Jmmistered
teeth,
assenger'
rates'efreiy' H&8 lit ‘ Snhtif * Carolina:
charges 4 cents a mile, for first-class
passengers exceptrthe"! Air-Line,
'J :tbe‘South Carolina rNorth-
gastern, whiqh. charge 3 Cents each,
ana the Wihtua^toii, Columbia and.