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A CURIOUS PRODUCT.
INTERESTING facts concerning
SACCHARIN AND ITS USES.
approach those busy laborers and you
will see this deathlike pallor on all faces.
The climate seems the acme of perfec
tion—along, pleasant summer, with a
cool, agreeable autumn and brrxing win
ter: yot there is a want of energy and
life among the people. There is plenty
of food, and of excellent quality for
China—rice, wheat, millet, peas, beans,
corn, oils and fruits of many varieties—
all within the means of tne humblest
laborer.
I enter a large field near a hamlet* by
the side of a luxuriant growth of ripen
ing wheat. The field is clean, not a
weed visible; but close together and four
lac Vrw Sweet 21 ana fact n rod from Coal
Ta*—C«e4 New to Cake. Candy and
Champagne—'What an American Cbcm-
Ir.t S*y»—Medical Cm.
The curious product from coal tar
known as saccharin was introduced by a
French chemist two years ago, since
when a factory for its production has
been established in Wester hausen, near
tho old historic town of Magdeburg, in
Prussia. Saccharin has become so for
midable a rival of cane and beetroot
sugar for many manufacturing purposes,
that the producers of these look upon the
new material with great disfavor. Late
French papers state that the French
sugar manufacturers have begun a cam
paign against it, and the Society of Ag-
riculiurists have petitioned the govern
ment to forbid its manufacture, as being
prejudicial to the beet root sugar trade,
although experiments have shown that
it is not noxious.
It has been found that in its pure state
it is difficult of solution, but this defect
is corrected by the addition of an alka
line bicarbonate that is added bv small
portions to the saccharin mixed in the
water. No heat is employed, as under
the influence of heat soda will transform
saccharin Into salicylic acid. Neither
flies, bees nor other insects will touch
saccharin in any form, but physicians
are already prescribing it for patients
afflicted with diseases winch will not
admit of their taking sugar. A gentle
man to whom sugar was forbidden tried
saccharin, using it alono to sweeten
lemon juice and stowed cranberries. He
found that it would r.ot mix, and ex
perimented with various things to rem
edy it, but was unsuccessful until he
thought of glycerine, one dram «.f pp.c-
charin with one pound of glycerine,
heated to solution, makes a mixture
closely resembling honey, and one that
readily dissolves in water, milk, tea
coffee, wines ,uid liquors.
ITS SWSETENISO POWE7L
Saccharin in used now in cake, candy
and champagne. Its sweetening power
is 200 times greater than that or sugar,
sml it has neither the latter's nutritive
nor injurious properties. It docs not
ferment, and is in no way altered by th
action of yeast and other ferments. 1#
addition to tills, it has also antiseptic
properties which make it useful in pre
serving articles of food. It u a eonji-
ment. or spice, and should never be
tasted in its pure state.
A distinguished American chemist,
when uaked for some information
Bnecting the new material, said: “Sac
cliarin is really in many ways a re-
markr.blc product. It is tho sweetes:
substance knoc.y One part of it in 70.
000 parts of water will give the water j
perceptibly sweet taste equal to one par
of cane sugar in 250 parts of water, and
a solution of one in 10,000 is intensely
sweet. In appearance it is a white
crystalline powder, soluble in 230 part
of water at 25 dogs, centigrade, and i.
easily soluble in alcohol and ether. IL,
scientific name is benzoyl sulphonic
amide.
“Curiously enough, saccharin is In no
way related to the class of sugars (carb-
hydrates), either chemically or physio
logically. It is not only unfermontable,
but It possesses an anti-zymotic action-
that is, it retards tho ammoniacal fer-
mentations in certain secretions. It i-
indigestiblc, inert and non-poisonous.
when taken into the stomach, and passes
out unchanged. These properties give it
an important place in dietetics, phar
macy and therapeutics. When mixed
with the food of diabetic cr o':>est
patients it enables them to indulge ir.
sweetened dishes which ordinarily must
be denied them on account of the injurl-
our effects of sugar under such condi
tions.
A HARMLESS SWEETENING.
“It is a harmless and effective sweeten
ing agent for bitter medicines, and chemi
cal combinations of it with several alka
loids, such as quinine, strychnine and
morphine, have been employed wit!
marked success. It is also given with
other remedial agents, or in pure solu
tion as an anti-fermentative medicine
lu various gastric and intestinal dis
orders.
“Besides these medical uses, saccharin
Is largely employed in France its a sub
stitute for sugar In confectionery and
liquors. One part of it to 1,000 or 2,000
part* of glucose (grape sugar) makes an
equivalent to cane sugar for confec
tioners' use, and ono part of saccharin to
8,000 parts of liquid is considered suffi
cient ror making sweet liqueurs. Al
together there is good reason for the
concern felt by sugar producers on ac
count of a substance, a toaspoonful of
which will convert a barrel of water
into good syrup and which does not de
cay, mold or ferment, and has no injuri
ous effect upon the human system.
“The chief difficulty In the way of its
use Is tho high cost of production; but
Improved processes will doubtless lie de
vised which will bring its market value
to a much lower figure than it now com
mands.”—Frank Leslie's.
Tattooing Convict* for Identic cotton.
“The latest fad in prison manage
ment.” said a prison official, “is tattoo
ing It is a ready means of identifica
tion, and is bound to become popular in
prison My idea is to tattoo
a convict every time he is imprisoned,
and then well have his record as clear as
the moon at midnight. Let each penal
institution adopt a different mark or
monogram and the problem of identify-
i..g convicts will fee solved. It is the
simplest and best system yet proposed.
To some persons it may seem as harsh as
branding, but It Isn’t. Tattooing isn’t
painful, and the marks could be put on
the convict’s back, arms or legs, and
would not embarrass reformed convicts.
Tattooing is now followed in several
p>wftl institutions abroad.”—Buffalo Ex
press.
A NbVfcLDinner.
fill Gertrude Gibert, of New York,
save a unique entertainment at her
Newport homo the other night. At U
o’clock the guests were ushered into
the servants” hall, which was hung
with pumpkins made into Jack-o -lan
terns, and dressed with ears of dned
com, wheat, red peppere and other
products of the fall season. The guests
were seated at tables, and at each place
was a common tin plate, a coarse nap*
kin, a bottle qJL beer and a big mug.
Boasted oysters were serred hot fro™
the coals, and those who had tho bad
taste not to care for this delectablediso
were given salads and such fancy staff.
After the roast there was dancing
until the party broke up.—»*arpera
Bazar.
Ttxo Carso of the Poppy.
The sallow complexion of tbe people
of China, their emaciated forms and
languid movements attract our atten
tion everywhere along the river. 1 do
not see a beautiful face or figure, nor
a rosy check: a dead leaden color is on
all faces, old and young, male and fe
male. I look at the brood, swift river,
feel the cool, clear breeze, l gaze at the
high green hills, the flowing rivulets
the wide spreading trees over]
the hamlets. Upon the mountain
are houses and hundreds of workmen;
land
A Kentucky Father Killed by His
Offspring, Et aL
FATAL WORK OF A REVOLVER,
H 4.TCHET AND KNIFB.
_ _ ago.
These decaying stalks spoak: they tell
me why the death pallor is upon all
faces, from the shriveled form of age to
tho bowlegged child sitting in the cottage
door. O seductive viper, curao of tnul-
ions! Who shall dare to stand up in the
presence of this fast fading, degenerating
ile and say the evil is not widespread
and fataL
Traverse the fairest portions of all the
provinces; not the cities alone, but the
quiet, out of the way places are all satu
rated and besmeared with the black
^ even to tho gods. — “Western
China.”
A Weeding at Teles.
In Telos wedding presents are exceed
ingly practical, and partake chiefly of the
oaturo of food to be consumed at the
wedding festivities; and toward even
ing on this day, when ail the baskets of
^rain had been gathered together, the
young men of the village distributed it to
be ground in the hand mills, and for the
space of two hours nothing was to lie
heard in the town sa'-o tho monotonous
■grinding of the two stones, and the
equally monotonous songs of the women
engaged in this occupation. It was nearly
(lark when Peter, the bridegroom elect,
was informed that all the flour was
ground, whereupon certain young men
of liis acquaintance, with flutes, bag
pipes and lyres, escorted him from house
to house to collect this flour in large
sacks.
At each house they tarried for a little
time, the instruments played and the
young men and maidens danced a curi
ous littlo dance, in which one man and
one maid alone took port, at the same
time singing littlo love songs as they
move to ana fro. From house to houso
they wandered, singing and dancing all
the ironing, and when tho flour was col
lected they took it to Catharine's, house,
where a table was spread, at which the
women who hod ground the grain and
the young men who had accompanied
the bridegroom were entertained. After
this meal, and when all were merry with
wine, the dancing began again, and con
tinued well into the night; it was very
interesting and pretty to watch the inter
laced Cretan dance, the quiet, stately
singing dances, and the brilliant acro
batic feats of tbe leader of the circular
dance. Thus ended the great prenuptial
ceremony of “ttj greater flour.”—Gen
tleman’s Magazine.
SHc up thy stiver sands, O bonmtag sea.
The pines that skirt thee catch thy laiustidsfi
And over all the forest mill a tone
That echoes but tbe music of thine own.
Half silent, rivet* glide, save tminvuirin*r-’ares
Break singing where the sweeping current la re*
Whispering among tho pebbles, low and sweet;
Go low. so sweet, wild birds the strain repeat.
Down through great velvet cliffs, rich with green
Monkeys* Aversion to Cruelty.
In Hindostcn. where three varieties of
sacred monkeys enjoy the freedom of
every town, those four handed pensioners
often assist the police in enforcing tbe
riot law's by charging cn masse for tho
sceno of every dog fight and schoolboy
scuffle. They will rescue worried cats,
and, for greater security, deposit them
on the nest root, or suppress rowdyism
in general, the stout Rhesus baboon, for
instance, Doing physically as well as
morally qualified to quell the aggressive
disposition of tho fiercest our.
On the platform of a public warehouse
tho British residents of Agra, a few years
ago. witnessed a scene which put that
character trait in even a stronger light.
A Uttle'street Arab had spread his pallet
in the shade of astack of country pro
duce, and had just dropped asleep, when
tho proprietor of the Planter's hotel
strolled up with a pet leopard that had
learned to accompany him in all his
rambles. A troop of tramp monkeys had
taken post on thd opposite end of the
shed, and, like the beggar boy, seemed
to enjoy a comfortable siesta, but at
sight of the speckled intruder the whole
gang charged along the platform like a
squadron of spahis, and, instantly form
ing a semicircle about the little sleeper,
faced the leopard with bristling manes,
evidently resolved to defeat the suspected
purpose of his visit.—Felix L. Oswald,
M. D., in Popular Scienco Monthly.
One qf the Participant* Beaten anil Shot to
Death—Almost Fatal Work of an
Eleven-Year-Old Lad—Ken
tucky Show* Up Again.
Louisville, Dec. t .—[Special.]—Jas.
Demumbrum, a farmer, of Metcalf coun
ty, was waylaid and killed by Lach
Walkup „nd bis eighteen-vear-old son,
Tom. Demumbrum and his eleven-year-
old boy started to town to make pur
chases. They had proceeded but half a
mile from home when they met Walkup
an 1 his son going in an opposite direc
tion. Demumbrum attempted to pas3
the two men, but old Walkup stepped
in front of him. At this time the latter
had his right hand at his baek, and with
the words, “Right here you die,” pulled
a revolver and fired point blank into his
victim’s stomach. Demumbrum was
staggered from the shock, but recovered
sufficiently to grapple with his murder-
And, being a very powerful man. a
hand-to-hand struggle commenced, and
young Walkup, seeing that his father
would be imprisoned, advanced to
ward Demumbrum, and while at
the latter's back carried a hatchet
and with the blunt end of it struck
hiut a number of blows, clacking tbe
skull and knocking him senseless. The
little sen of L'eiuumbnun. when he re
alized that his parent w:rs hurt, pulled
out his knife and went to hi * assistance.
Grasping Walkup's arm with his left
hand, he plunged the knife into hia
cheek, and then into his neck, nearly
severing Walkup's windpipe. The knife
w as a dull one, which" fact pvo’„ablv
sited tho old mans life. Old man
Walkup here came to his son’s aid, and
tiie two men took the knife away from
the iad and .threw hiei down an em
bankment twenty-five feet in height.
After the child had been disposed of
the two murderers again turned their
attention to the eider Demumbrum. who
was showing some signs of life, and
again commenced heating him over
the head with the pistol and hatchet,
and in a short time completed their
bloody work and left the victim dead.
Demuurbrurn's boy tied and to’a of his
father’s murder. A number of neigh
bors collected and started for the scene
of the tragedy. They found Demum
brum s head beaten into an unrecogniza
ble mam and his body lifeless. The re
mains were taken home. Officers were
sent to the home of the Walkups, where
they found the son, but the old man had
escaped. Young Walkup was fearfully
wounded, and could not at the time be
remo. ed. Yesterday the elder Walkup
went to Edmonton and gave himself up.
He was committed without bail to await
the remit of the examining trial.
Demumbrum and the V.’alkups were
neighboring farmers. About a month ago
some of the hogs belonging to Walkup
got into L’emumbrum’s fields several
times, when the latter killed one of
them. For years the men were on the
Look, guttering chains, the slipping torrents toe*
Shivering and darting 'neoth the arching tree*
The wandering winds in mystic minor keys
Sing their love songs above the waves and rocks
In harmony tlmt every heart unlocks.
—Helen L. Carey.
Smoking • Corncob Pipe.
‘Exactly. Your head aches.
your
FEDERATED LABOR.
—-r-
THE wedding ring.
1 Its Importance In England, and Laws Be-
These Knights of Toil Evidently | Vves Ti,Ta SSTSTta* .
Mean Business. ; dead who never to herself hath said, 1
■ , mean somo day to get married? This
__ ’ | phrase is turning the patriotic mescu-
PRE-IDENCY OF THE BALTI- i fineoutburst about one s “native land,"
MORE AND OHIO DISCUSSED, j familiar to every schoolboy, inlo a
■ ■ ! new, absurd rendering. The publico-
A Falling oir in Cotton Baportad—Presi. ! of a series of love letters from
famous men and women puts one “in
touch,” a-, it were, with tho subject of
„ toeing the i
I can tell just what brings on these diffi
culties. You smoko a corncob pipe.
Isn’t that a fact?”
The sufferer replied in the affirmative,
but was curious to know how the doctor
learned what kind of a pipe he used.
“I see so much of this that 1 couidn’t
help knowing what ailed you,” explained
the medical man. “Men apparently en-
joyingperfect health come to me every
day. 1 ‘hey are great big, robust fellows,
and they all suffer In the same causes.
At first I was nonplused, and led myself
to believe that it was a new disease, but
I finally discovered that the whole trou
ble was caused by corncob pipes. It
needs no credulity on your part. Notice
yourself when you are Emoking a corn
cob a sickly, overpowering odor, which
fills up your throat and lungs, and causes
a smarting sensation of the tongue. That
isthe smoke of the burning cob, anil it
contains enough creosote to cure a ham.”
—New York Evening Bun.
In the New First Reader.
“How the wind blows!”
“Yes; it is almost a hurricane. See
bow it twists the branches off tho stnrdv
trees! Many a good ship will go down
in this gale!”
“Ahfhut do you see the womrfn? She
can scarcely face the howling wind.”
“Yes, 1 see her. Perhaps you think
her four children are dying and sho is
going for a doctor.”
“It must be a case of life or death to
call her out."
“Nothing of the kind. She is simply
after a novel and a pound of caramels,
and sho will put in a couple of hours
bothering the store clerk:!. There is
another, and another—a dozen of them.”
“And will they go home refreshed?”
“Very much so—ten times as much as
If they had remained at home and darned
(deckings or sewed on a button or two.”
—Detroit Free Press.
dentist Nomination* — Ad English
Member of Parliament Has
* Very Soft Snap.
St. Louis, Dec. —[Special.]—The
annual convention of the American Fed
eration of Labor was called to order to-
marriago, as this is or should be tho
outcome of love's effusions. Whether
or no “marriage is a failure,” tho
J oung men and women who go sweet-
earting are usually disposed to solve
the problem in their own obstinate
way. Marriage is a tolerably serious
day in Central Turner hail by President 1 business at its rosiest reckoning. No
Gompers. Tiie basis of representation j ® an - sa . v ® *** raro exceptional tu-
( stances, is fit to marry unaer six-and-
ls, for national ana international unions, | thirty years of ago. No woman
for less than 4,000 members, one dele- j amounts to much save in similar ex-
- aaa Q aaa ceptional instances who is less than 30.
gate; 4,000 or more, two delegates; 8,000 j p^ or to thQ6e respective age s they
or more, three delegates; 16,00) or more, j surely are in their “salad days,’’ and
four delegates, and so on: and from each w ofully green in judgment. But
6 . what is the use of talking! The boys
local or district trades organization not • and girls of 10 to 19 will get married
connected with a national or interna: ion-1 and eujoy happiness thereby or be
al body affiliated with the American j sorrowed thereby, as the case may be.
Federation of Labor, one delegate. j Proving how truly in this, as in all
The avowed ob’ect of this organiza- ^e, Wes nstorv repeats itself. Let
... - , , . - . . _ a us » then, admit the gracious fashion
tion is to improve and estabush upon a J of marl . iag0 aud pro £ced lo look U p
better basis the condition of the work- j gome of its curious English observ
ing masses throughout the country. As ances, handed down by Ic
; "
Beauty Not on tire Surf*
Ono anecdote to show what an en
dowment greater than beauty can do:
Charlotte Cushman, as wo know, had
soul but little physical attraction. £
have heard a gentleman say who saw
her act in tho “Lady of Lyons” that
when sha first apjiearCd'On the stage as
Pauline, he felt inclined to question
whether Claude Melnotte or any other
man could consider himself the lover
of a woman so apparently lacking in
every feminine grace, nut by the
time the play was finished ho round
himself wondering not if any man
could love her, but that every man did
not. To Buch an extent can genius
triumph over merely physical de
fects.
Can women without beauty hope,
then, for sway not only over the minds
but the hearts of men! Yes, if tho
lack does not extend deeper than the
skin, which is supposed to be the
boundary line of all physical loveli
ness. Though she may find herself
jostled aside by some dazzling belle in
the crowded ball room, she may look
for recognition where the heart desires
it most, and where are hidden those
roots whoso flower and fruition are
the fullest honor and the eompletest
happiness.—Anna Katharine Green.
a means to this end it proposes the thor
ough federation of all trade and labor
unions and tho establishment of unions
in every trade where none already exist.
With its constituent local unions now
numbering over 5*,000, the federation has
a mem e-ship of over 500,hOO. It holds
that a ma'erial reduction in the ho .re of
labor U ueceasay to the weifa e of the
work : ng ilasse*. and at this contention
it will fix a time, not later than J une 1st,
1800, when the eigiit ho-ir working day
Tito Production at Petroleum.
In the Revue de Deux lloudes ZL tie
Tchihatchef, whom it would probably
lie safe ta taka for a Russian, hits a strik
ing article on the sudden rise of Russia
as a competitor of the United States ia
production of kerosene. Some abate
ment may properly be made from his
confident predictions on account of the
unconcealed partisan bias with which he
writes; and bis figures leave something
to be desired on the score of entire self
consistency and recentness, but what he
hn* to say is nevertheless well worth the
attention of our oil producers. He makes
it evident, in the first place, that the
only rival of the United States at present
in sight is Russia. Following a late
French estimate of the world's produc
tion of petroleum, putting the total at
100,000,000 hectoliters, it appears that
the Uiu’ted States furnish 64,000,000,
Russia 25,000,000, and all other countries
rsiiiirtsrj \ a"*™- 5
in 1 nnmViAr rtf hnsinpu transactions. OI ^ hjtvo been found in many parts of
tbe earth—as in Burmah, China, Persia,
’A Wall Street Man's Experiment.
The bookkeeper of a Wall street bank,
a man deeply versed in psychology, em
ploys his spare fa’mn ta malting practical
tests of his researches. There is a hu
morous vein ta his composition, and
these tests are frequently of a laughable
nature. He Is a firm believer m the
theory that man magnifies his awn little
troubles and will unconsciously put him
self out of his way to avoid things that
have no existence in point of fact. The
other day thi* philosopher carefully
placed .a sheet of blotting paper .on the
edge of a desk ta such a way that half
the sheet hung over. The desk was ta a
narrow passage that was much used by
the clerks, and the philosopher had no
end of fun watching them pass. Instead
of shoving the blotting paper out of the
way every clerk who passed would
squeeze himself against the wall in order
to avoid lmnnUng it down. The fat
clerks had a hard time of it, and one of
them cricked his spinal column ta a par
ticularly fine acrobatic feat.—New York
Evening Sun.
Bow Files Spread Disease.
A contributor to Kouveaux Remedns
cites a statement by a Brazilian physician
to the effect that ta hot countries flies
are the most active agents ta the pro
gation of yellow fever, and adds that
Spilmann and M. Honstoutter attribute
the same role to those insects ta spread
ing pulmonary consumption. When a
fly has lingered on the tuberculous sputa,
it is said, its intestine and excreta con
tain tbe bacillus of tuberculosis, which
it may deposit on the various articles ta
an apartment. Flies are credited also
with being the chief instrument in the
dissemination
and Koch is cited as of the opinion
they may play the same jpart in spread
ing cholera.—
Status to
LONDOF, Dec. 1*. —[Special.)— The
large granite pedestal which is to hold
a neavy frost fell at Jacksonville, tbe new equestrian statrfe of the Duke
Fla. There were no new cases of yellow c f Wellington was placed in position op-
fever. Refugees may be able to return p£)3 ; te Apsley House Piccadilly to-da^
withta ten days. ! The surrounding ground has been lai
At Winthrop, Me., a train of 1ft cam with asphalt and S^ua?e
ere precipitated into Lake Yarmacook. ter the h.irne style as T]wfa I gar _ .Square.
spreci, .
The high water had undermined tar
track.. •
Bims Pigman, who killed Craig Toli
ver, in Rowan. Kwas run Oyey>r •
tram at Morehead and lost both 1*4*. »•
will probably die.
in a number of business transactions.
Bello! A FvttarjrTrust.
London, Dec. r .—[Special.]—propo
sal for a trust in the pottery industry is
now in a fair way to pass into an ac
complished fact. This scheme, which
embraces the pottery industry in general
and the manufacturers of chinaware in
particular, cannot fail to have an impor
tant effect on the North Staffordshire
production. For sometime china manu
facturers have complained of the low
prices at which their goods have been
sold, and efforts have Seen made with
out substantial result to form a china
manufacturers' association with a view
to raising prices.
If this movement should succeed, the
price of English china goods will
re materially increased. Already the
cost of many articles has been ad
vanced fifty per cent. The Operation
was originated by London capitalists
who bought up all the calcined bone and
ash in the markets of Rio Grande, and
also control cargoes for a long way
ahead. These purchases were made
stealthily and silently, and it was greatly
to the surprise of the pottery manufac
turers that so strange a cause was dis
covered for the advance in prices. The
only hope of the manufacturers
outside the syndicate. now is in
1 to use river plate,
calcined bone and bone a?h
which sells for about half the price of
the Rio Grande supply. English cal
cined bone can also be used, although a
prejudice exists among manufacturers
lust its general adoption. It is stated,
ong genera
tions.
Tlio word “wedding” is pure Angles
Saxon, and signifies “a pledge." Prom
timo immemorial this recognized
“pledge” consists of a ring, and is used
as indicative that the man will perform
his part of thi3 free contract. The
ancient English wedding ring is a
thread like band of deep yellow guinea
gold. In primitive times tbe coin
called “a guinea," now outof dateand
valued at twenty-one shillings,fcwas
used to melt up into wedding rings,
shall be put in -ore \ It is proposed to I This is the soil of ring the queen of
submit the proposition for adoption to q 10 realm wears, likewise the coster-
all international, national and local monger, if she be married. On a level
trade's unions’, ami to deviate that a two-
tliivda vote shall be necessary to ad> .pt.
all wives meet in England, in this if
iu no other observance. Latterly tiie
fashion permits a wider band, but the
great, vulgar belts of gold so popular
in America have never found favor on
this side of the “herring pend.” Tho
ring is never removed’ and is buried
..... with tiie wife. Long yearn wear it
bbath obser vance convened «n tins ! nearly in two. Sometimes it breaks
Then it is mended—never ro-
Egypt, New Zealand and nftet of the
European countries—their extent ia so
limited and difficult of operation bo
great that the race has narrowed down
to the two contestants named.
Tbe principal oil fields of Russia are
found within a limited territory. The
famous wells are almost all situated in
the peninsula of Aspheron, which runs
out Into the Caspian sea at a point not
far from the southern Russian boundary.
Baku is tho port whence shipments are
made. The great natural advantages of
th» Baku Cpl'l im» cnrnnanfc terri-
uvry co ue“*?:orEea, me small ueptn 01
the wcll3. and their great steadiness of
flow. The whole area worked does not
exceed 1,100 square miles. Set this over
against tlio area estimated for tho United
States — 571,240 square mfles — and
the richness of the Russian wells
which produce at least occ-third
as much as those of the United
States, will be at once perceived.
Tho depth of tho wells runs from 120 to
540 feet. One famous well is but thirty-
ilirce feet deep, yet out of it tho oil jets
up to the height of 246 feet. M. de
Tchihatchef asserts also that tho average
flow in the Baku region is 88,000 pounds
per day, as against 25,800 ta the United
States.—New York Times.
The Good OW-F»«Mni«l Sabbath.
Washington, Dec. ..—[Special.]—A
convention under tne auspices of the
Kational .Sabba'ir Union in the interest
of
city to-day. It will be in session three
clays. Chief Arthur, Genetcl Master-
workmau Fowderly and Senators Biair 1
and Col tuts i ave been invited to deli er |
addresser.. The National Sabbath Union
was organized by official action of tho
rcceut Meilio iist general conference in
conjunction with the two Presbyterian
general assemblies and the Baptist home
moslcnary association and other eccle
siastical bodies. The questions to be dis
cussed are, “TheSuuaay rest l ill o* the
Senate,” “The Sabba’h as related to civil
liberty,” “The Sabbath and the foreign
population.” “The Sabbath in relation to
the labor problem,” “The Sab’cath and
the press, “The Sabbath and the
churen.”
Falling Off In Cotton.
Washington, D. C.. Dec. t \.—The re
turns of average plantation prices of
cotton for all grades reported tbe first of
December, show that they run a little
lower than those of December, 1887.
The averages are as follows: Virginia,
8.3 cents per pound; North Carolina, 8.5;
South Carolina, 8.5; Georgia. 8.5; Flori
da upland 8.4; Alabama. 8.5; Mississippi,
8.5: Louisiana, 8.6; Texas, 8.4; Arkansas.
8.5; Tennes .ee, 8.5. The average plan
tation vciue ia nearly eight and one-half
cents. Distance ro market and scarcity
of gins in some districts in TCxas and
Florida make a slight reduction in price.
The weather for picking was only mod
erately favorable during the past month.
There has been a large number of rainy
days, and killing frosts ha e generally
occurred comparatively early iu the
month.
President el the Baltimore and Ohio.
apart,
placed by a new one.
In the early English marriage ser-
! vice the man put the ring on with thip
dee cation: “With this ring I thee
wecl; with my body I thee worship,"
etc. It is a pity the latter phrase nos
been eliminated from general use.
What - can be more sublimely, more
tenderly loyal than an open declare-
tion of “body worship?” "Tis this
quaint phrase which lifts the husband
far above tho temporary lover. Tis
this which transforms sexuality into
sacredncss. However, some couples
still insist on tho ancient formula.
The wedding ring is always “hall
marked.” This mavlc is tho symbol of
tho goldsmith’s craft- It is proof posi
tive of solid ware, whether of gold or
silver. Tho Goldsmiths’ hall stamps
this, and to counterfeit such a stamp
involves the smith in heavy penalties,
imprisonment and fine3,with nis trade
insignia taken from him forever. In
early days death was the penalty or
lifelong penal servitude. But the wise
march of time lias naturally somewhat
relaxed this Spartan law of punish
ment.—Annie VVakeman in San Fran
cisco Chronicle.
BOSTON'S 11B3IAKKABLK MAYOR.
An Irlnhmn.1 If lm> Hw Sarved Fonr Terms
and Who 8esms to be Invincible.
Boston, Dec. 11.—To-day occurs the
election of mayor and school commis
sioners. Perhaps the most interesting
feature of the day will be the vote of
the women, who are allowed in this
State to vote on certain school matters.
Some time ago an effort was made to
bring out ihe vote of the more wealthy
and educated classes of women more
fully, and it Was charged in certain
quarters that this movement was antag
onistic to the Catholics. The result has
been that a counter movement to bring
out especially the Catholic vote in full
has been made, and it is expected that
there will be many interesting scenes at
the polls to-day. The mayoralty con
test is between Hugh O’Brien, democrat,
present incumbent, who has served
three terms, and the Hon. Mr. Hart, re
publican candidate.
Hugh O’Brien came to America with
his parents when he was three or four
years old. He was sent to school in the
old Fort Hill district, but at 12 he was
put to work to help earn the family live
lihood.
nuoohGtasnnHMt He learned the printer's trade in the
* Boston Courier office, and at 15 was fore-
Spbiwqfield, HI., Dec. . —[SpeciaL] man in the printing office. When the
The Illinois state grange are holding ' printere' union ordered a strike he went
.. . Iaaa_aa*.-aa i out with the rest, aud never went back.
«he>r seventh annual convention to-day j He part owner of a trade paper
The proceedings^ o' the recent national known as “The Commercial and Ship-
‘ »g List." which still flourishes, which
continued to publish until he became
_ . interested ta politic.- - .
large r increased during the year, and , to 1884, during his first administra-
thav the organization is rapidly spread- . tion as mayor, tne legislature passed a
tag ta <he state. | new charter giving the mayor excep-
The Natforfa-Zeitun^’demt* that there; Mowdand
is any truth in the s.niater roman re-1 Jf'Z.’Z’TZ
Emperor William’s health. It
against its general adoption, it is stated,
however, tnat contracts for at least a
year ahead have been made by one firm.
This fact will have a tendency to
break up the combination.
Carter Harrison Tired of Chicago.
Chicago, Dec. f. —[SpeciaL]— Ex-
Mayor Carter H. Harrison, who since
his return to the jcity after his tour
around the world, has been busily en-
;cd in revising the manuscript of the
_ _ jk which he proposes publishing re
lating his observations abroad, will start
on atrip to South America at the begin
ning of the year.
Now Hojtl Will Catch It!
Brooklyn, N.Y.,Deo. The United
8tates steamer Galena received sailing
orders to-day. It is believed she goes
direct to Port au Prince, Hayti.
convention at Topeka, Kan., were ap- ping List.” which sti
proved. The annual report of the seore- be continued to publi
tary shows that ta membership hat interested ta politics.
many officials, and the manner of these
removals has displeased some democrats
and considerable opposition in his own
party is alleged to exist against him on
this a
i account.
L stated that the emperor is writing a
narrative of the events of his recent
visits to the njrthern capitals, which
will be published together with wood
cuts of sketches made by himself and ^ 0rrTiUe 0>> jg. B. Swerval fatally
artist, Salzman. 1 8 -h 0 t James B. McDonald ta the ofiioe of
At the meeting of the stockholders of the Exchange hoteL It seems that Mc-
the Richmond Terminal company Tues- Donald had loaned Swerval a doliar aud
On the pedestal, which hrof plain brown
marble, are the words “Wellington and j w hich it appears that the gross j at ter took exi
Waterloo.” The ceremony attending the ^ ing> show ^ fc£ware of fl.'lta.WS Btander .
erection of the statue, which w... take s year’s earnings. A resolution ~rnivina
How Women Best.
How differently men and women
indulge themselves in what is called a
resting spell. “I guess I’ll sit down
and mend these stockings and rest
awhile,” says the wife, but her hus
band throws himself ujpon the easy
lounge or sits back in his arm chair,
withnands at rest and feet placed hor
izontally upon another chair. The re
sult is that his whole body gains full
benefit of tbe half hour he allows him
self from work, and the wife only re
ceives that indirect help which comes
from change of occupation. A physi
cian would tell her tnat taking even
ten miuutes’ rest in a horizontal posi
tion, as a change from standing or sit
ting at work, would prove more bene
ficial to her than any of her make
shifts at resting. Busy women have
a habit of keepiug on tneir feet just as
lg as they can, in spite of backaches
ana warning pains. As the- grow
older they see the folly of periaiitlng
such drafts upon their strength ana
learn to take things easier let what
will happen. They say: “1 used to
think I must do thus and so, but I’ve
grown wiser and learned to slight
things." The first years of house
keeping are truly the hardest, for Un
tried and unfamiliar cares arc almost
daily thrust upon the mother ami
home maker.—St. Paul Pioneer Press.
Caring Bis Olctlntcj,
A guide in tho Maderan valley com
plains of the difficulty of dealing with
a certain class of travelers and the
dilemmas he is often placed in to pre
vent accidents, and relates by way of
illustration the following incident;
“An Englishman wanted to cross the
Hufi glacier and the Claridcn summit.
Uy brother and I were engaged to ac
company liim, Ou reaching theglacier
we put the gentleman between us and
* : prepared to tie nil three to the rope,
i-1 But he obstinately refused to adopt
this plan of safety. 1 explained to him
P.altimorr, Md., Deo. lb—[Special.]
It is ourrently rumored here that Charles
F. Mayer will succeed Samuel S. Spen
cer as president of tbe Bal’imore and _
Ohio at the meeting of directors to be 1 danger of walking alone, and
held on the 19th. The board comprises j him my written instructions,
twelve stockholders, directors recently ; to no nurpose. As ho persisted in
elected with Charles F. Mayer, James I his refusal my brotiier and I tried to
Sloan and Wm. F. Frick as accented i compel him by force. The two of us
leaders who put up the ticket that'was j were, however, not strong enough to
elected and startled the street by its un-; master him, as he was a man of power-
expected radical changes. Spencer’s i ful build. Wo f
warm friends ray Mayer will certainly
succeed Spencer, and that the stock
holders have treated Spencer shamefully
in not imparting to him their business
confidence.
An M. P.'s SubUmo Independence.
Dublin, Dec. iu—[Special.]—A curi
ous question will arise in connection
with the fine of $2,500 imposed by Judge
Hanan, president of the Times-Parnell
commission, upon Edward Harrington,
member of parliament, for contempt of
court. If, as probably will be the case,
he cannot or will not pay the fine, an
order will issue to levy upon his goods.
But his goods, which consist principally
of his newspaper and presses, are in the
oounty Kerry, and, according to high
legal opinion, the writ of the special
ful build. Wo then insisted ou beini
paid for tho whole of tho trip, so thal
wo might return at once. This was
only reasonable, as we had refused an
engagement on his account. But he
would not listen to this proposaL
Theu my brother gave me a look, and
I understood his meaning.
“As wo knew every inch of the
ground, we pretended to give in, and
went on our way without the rope. But
we led h im toward a part of tiie glacier
which abounded in crevasses, six to
eight feet in depth, and therefore not
very dangerous. My brother and I
strode over them without 6aying a
word. But as our tourist failed to no
tice the marks which both of us knew
by heart, he soon dropped into a
chasm to the height of nis shoulder.
You should have seen his face; it was
legal opinion, tne writ or the special ; M " UUUIU ■«»» oecn ms ume; u. wan
commission does not run In Ireland. He 03 white as a piece of chalk. We
can therefore manifest all the contempt
he feels for the court with impunity.
Perry Belmont for Spain.
Washington, Dec. —[Special.]—
The president sent to the senate the
nomination of Ferry Belmont, of New
York, to be minister of Spain; Howard
Ellis, of New Jersey, to be consul at
Rotterdam; Andrew G. Chapman, of
Maryland, col.’ector of internal revenue
for the district of Maryland; John J.
Enright, of Michigan, to be assistant
commissioner of Indian affairs; Samuel
Albro, of New York, to be tuperim.nJ-
ent of Indian schools; Jeremiah G.
Fowler, postmaster at Milledgeviile, Ga.
quickly told him that we would try to
get him out After tying tho rope
with due care under his armpits, we
pulled him out of his cold grave as far
as his chest and then suddenly dropped
him in again. We repeated tbe oper
ation more than once, raising nim
higher each time and then letting him
slide down again, tearing his clothes
and grazing nis skin. At last wo got
him out, and from that moment ne
was as quiet os a lamb. Ho let us do
what we liked with him, and we com
pleted our trip without further acci
dents.”—German Paper.
day, the treasurer's re, ort was submit- m!U i e some reference to it, to which the
... * icn. He asked a by-
I give it to him 7” and
reed
vet >y« erection of th# statue, I over last year’s earnings. A resolution receiving tho reply “yes,”
Wl. Hi place Gariy » January, will be of asemi ! adopted increasing the board of di* gbootinsr. He was .arreataA
offioial character. ractora uuml aixteea to airlitean .. .SS
oommsuc
Fatal Collision In Hassaehosatta.
’Worcester, Mass., Dec. — The
through freight on the Boston and Al
bany road ran into a freight standing on
a siding at Ashland to-day, and both
trains were derailed. It is rumored that
three men were killed.
Gouipa Darts.
Washington, Dec. 12.—[Special.]—
The society of Washington is worked up
over a report set afloat here by some idle
gosgips in regard to the president and
Mrs. Cleveland. Thera is no truth in it,
however, and until the perpetrator can
be found, will not be given the nature of
the slander, fer such it is. The idea is
. Cauliflower seed are eight times as
~ m persons perished by valuable by weight as silver. They
the humcane which devastated Bar- cell at $8 an-ounce,
badoes, Oct. 10.1780.
-Nothing remains of the famous
English settlement of Jamestown, Va.,
begun in 1007, savo the ruins of a
church tower, and this is crumbling
year by year. Tree roots have cracked
the monumental slabs in the church
yard. and thus one of the few local
ities recalling the first years of Amer
ican history is slo'wly losing its dis
tinctive features.
SIFTED SAND. "
Gold was first coined in Christen
dom in 1320.
He who sows brambles, says an
Italian proverb, must look to his
shoes.
A German officer cannot marry an
American woman without Bismarck’s
consent
Mndo to Hoc*
Did you ever notice how women
hug themselves in cloaks and shawls <
I first realized that feminine peculiar
ity last evening at a fashionable con
cert. The lobby was crowded by the
arriving ladies and gentlemen, the
former mostly in new opera wraps. I
noticed that nearly all were hugging
themselves unconsciously but fondly.
I found that I was doing it myself.
The wraps were generally drawn for
ward until thev were tense and com
forting around the waist and shoul
ders, and then the hands of the wearers
were caressingly held on their own
opposite forearms, or were in some
way instinctively fondling the owner.
All through the performance I inves-
ited my new discovery. On every
* * *awaac AT n»Arw
side were ocular evidences of woman’s
born desire to be lovingly petted. They
were holding their own arms, squeez
ing themselves with their own elbows,
pressing their hearts with their own
soft biceps, and in all these uncon
scious indulgences they were demon
strating that woman was made to hug.
—Clara Belle.
QhJtn a Chang*'
Twenty-five years ago the new Prin
cess of Wales and future queen of Eng
land was living on the third floor of a
corner house in Copenhagen, and her
father, who no one evnr dreamed then
of being a king, was poorer than ifiany
a burger in the same street Sho and
her two sisters, now the czarina of
Russia and Duchess of Cumberland,
occupied the same room, scantily fur
nished, and instead of a wardrobe a
curtain drawn across tho wall hid the
pegs on which their few dresses hung.
They had never worn a silk dress m
their lives. Now Alexandra doubtless
has all the dresses she wants, but it is
more than likely that she looks back
with pleasure upon those years as the
happiest of her life.
Ballroadi Getting Out of a Hole.
St. Paul. Deo. 11.—[Special.]—Ths
railroad commissioners of Iowa appeared
in the federal court to-day and submitted
evidence to show that the injunction
issued by Judge Brewer, restraining
them from putting into effect their
schedule of rate, adopted November 8d*
should be dissolved.
The commissioners presented a mass
of testimony to show the reasonableness
of the schedule now in force nnder their
decision in the Dubuque and Davenport
cases. Since the first hearing before
Judge Brewer at Le&renworlh the com
missioners have materially modified their
rates by the adoption of the western
classification, and they believe the evi
dence will incontrovertibly sustain the
equity and reasonableness of their sched
ule. Attorney General Baker,’«f Iowa,
holds that Judge Brewer’s restraining
order does not affect the rates now es
tablished by the commissioners, and that
there is nothing to prevent shippers from
bringing suits to redress grievances and
he further holds that tbe commissioners
may direct the attorney general to insti
tute suits against the railroads under
section 28 of the law on the ground ot
extortion, having 1 no reference to their
schedule. *
DYNAMITE IN CHICAGO.
Annrclitits Suspected of Committing a
Grave and DiaboUcal Deed;
Chicago, Dec. It.—A tremendous
explosion occurred to-day at Shufeldes
distillery, corner of Hawthorne avenue
and Larabee street, smashing windows
for blocks around and creating wild ex
citement ta the neighborhood, especially
as it followed the anarchist excitement
of yesterday. It was discovered that
two packages of dynamite containing
seven sticks, each fourteen inches long
had bsen thrown on the roof of a store
room. The packages were filled, with
fulminating caps and fuses. One pack
age had exploaed. tearing an immense
hole in the roof, and shooting downward
had more or les3 dainarei fif.ten barrels
of spirits. The other pa • •• *; had Jailed
to ex ilode. as the fun.- .- ‘out before
reaching the cap. 11m. e is S3 V-
the perpetrators.