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THE BANNER-WATCHMAN, ATHENS, GEORGIA, FEBRUARY 2<T,"tS89
=====
—
f largo concourse of citizens, entered the
senate chamber and in the presence of both
birth,
cpletion
HE following list
gives the names of
the presidents, and,
following in the order
hero given, the dates
popular election, election
of electoral count or
of representatives, inauguration,
nt and death. Iu the caso of
vice presidents who succeeded their
chiefs, the dato of their assuming
d is given, as that of their formal in
ion was of courso the same as that of
dent.
e Washington—Fob. 23, 17512. No
dato in states for popular election.
1739; April SO, 17S9; March 4, 1797;
1799.
Adams—Oct 19, 1735; Nov. 8,1798;
March 4,1797; March 4, 1801;
os Jefferson—April 2, 1743.
vidual vote in tbo United States. But there
was no such unar.iim.it y in tho choice for vide
president, John Adams receiving little more
than a majority of tho electoral votes. Owing
to the badness of tho roads, and not a little
to what, now seems criminal neglect,, the
members of the first heure did not assemble in
sufficient numbers to form a quorum until
the 6th of April, 1789, and - on that day the
votes of the electors wore opened and count
ed. Official information was immediately
communicated to Washington and Adams
and preparations made for an impressive in
auguration. Qn tho 14th of April Charles
Thompson, secretary of the late congress,
conveyed official notice to Washington, and
he set out at once, ' his journey being
a continued triumphal procession. •
An they drew near the city of New
York it was seen that all tho vessels and boats
were highly decorated and .crowded with
spectators, and his progress whs accompanied
with tho music of many bands, the roar of
camion and loud acclamations of the people.
Landing at Murray’s wharf he was re
ceived by -tho governor, corporation of the
city, clergy, foreign ministers and the mili
tary and escorted to his residence. On the
30tli of April Service was held in alt. the
churches of the city at 9 o’clock in the
morning and soon after noon tho committees
of congress and heads of departments waited
upon Washington and a grand procession
was formed, the military in advance, the
committees next, then the president in a coach
f accompanied by his aid-do-camp, CoL'Hum-
No elec- I phreys,and his private secretary, Tobias Lear.
popular vote in 1800; elected by I After them were various civil officers and
Cb. 17, 1S01; March 4,1801; March 4,
dy 4, 1S2G.
Madison—March 10, 1751; Ncv. 8,
!>. 8, 1309; March 4,1809; March 4,
me 23, 1S3G.
Moaroo—April 23, 1758; Nov. 5,
. 12,1817; March 4,1S17; March 4,
ily 4, 1S31.
Quincy Adams—July 11, 1767. No
election in 1821; elected by house
1825; March 4, 1825; March 4,1829;
1848.
w Jackson—March 15, 1707; Nov. 4,
b. 11,1829; March 4,1829; March 4,
me 8, 1845.
Van Buren—Dec. 5. 1782; Nov. 8,
b. 8, 1S37; March 4, 1837; March 4,
ly 24,1SG2.
U Henry Ilarrison—Feb. 9, 1773;
1810; Feb. 10, IS41; March 4, IS41;
1811. (Death terminated official life.)
Tylor—March, 1700. Elected, ■ etc.,
rison; took oath as president April
March 4, 18-15; Jan. 17,1*232.
Knox I*o!k—Nov. 2, 1795; Nov. 5,
b. 12, 1815; March 4, 1845; March 5,
no 15,1849.
Taylor—Sept. 24, 1784; Nov. 7,
'b. U, 1849; March 5, 1849; died July
Fillmore—Jan. 7, 1800; elected,
|tk Taylor; succeeded July 9, I860; J
11353; March 8, 1874.
[lin Pierce-Nov. 23, 1804; Nov. 2,
9, 1S53; March 4, 1S53; March 4,
fct 8,18(59.
Buchanan—April 13, 1791; Nov. 4,
11, 1357; March 4, IS57; March 4,
1, isea
a Lincoln—Feb. 13, 1809; Nov. 8,
10, 1801; March 4, 1S61; Nov. 8,
S, l?xl5; March 4,1865; died April
Johnson-Dee. 29, 1808; elected
lent; took oath as president April
March 4,1899; July 81, 1875.
Simpson tyrant—April 27, 1822;
ISOS; Feb. 10, 1869; March 4, 1869;
1S77; July 23, 1SS5.
rlord Burchard Hayes-^Ock 14.1822:
is7C; March 2,1377; March 6, 1877;
11SS1; the only living ex-president.
Ah ram Garfield—Nov. 19, 1831;
11SS0; Feb. 9. 1881; March 4, 188L
19, last
k Allan Arthur—Oct 5,1830.
feeding; took oath as president Sept
! March 4, 1SS5; Nov. 18,1880.
f Cleveland—March 18, 1837; Nov.
vob. ii t 1SS 5 ; March 4,1885; March
citizens. Arriving at Federal hall, they were
conducted by Marshal Webb to tho senate
chamber, at the door of which the president
was formally received by Vice President
Adams,- previously inaugurated, and con
ducted to his seat Both houses of congress
occupied tho senate chamber before him.
Then tho vice president, addressing Washing
ton, said:
“Sir, the senate and house of representa
tives of tho United States are ready to attend
you to take tho oath required by the constitu
tion, which will bo administered by the chan
cellor of tho state of New York.”
Washington responded: “1 am ready to
proceed.” Then they passed totheopen porch
at tho south end of the hall, where Chancellor
Livingston, of New York, pronounced the
oath, and Washington, holding up his right
hand reverently, in a clear, strong voice,
said
“I, George Washington, do solemnly swear
that I will faithfully execute the office of
president of the United States, and will, to
the best of my ability, preserve, protect anil
defend tho constitution of tho United States.”
Then kissing the book which Marshal Webb
held up to him, he added, “So help mo God.”
The chancellor then, turning to the people, ex
claimed in a loud voice: “Long live George
Washington, president of the United States!”
A roar of applause went up from the 80,000
or 40,000 people present, which was followed
immediately by shouts in all the adjacent
sections and the thunder of cannon. Wash
ington bowed to tho assembled moltitude and
returned to the senate chamber,, where, both
houses and the officials being seated, he de
livered his inauguration speech. Then the
new president and the members of both
houses proceeded to St Paul's church and
joined in the prayers oich were offered by
Dr. Provost, lately ordained bishop of the
Protestant Episcopal church in New York
and appointed chaplain of the senate.
once, and i he reporters of tho day did not fail
to nqte--tb.it Ur. Adams, like Mr. Madison,
was dressed in a plain suit of black, wholly of
American. manufocturo. l^]fter delivering
addition to this, on the'brow of the bill, not
far from, tho north end of the Capitol, com
manding bpth theapproach and tho broad
plateau to the east front, wasstatidied a
mand of Gen. Scott himself.
When, tbo presidential carriage reached th6
his inaugural, he took the oath, receiving the battery of flying artillery, under the com
congratulations of a large nuUibcr of friends,
and immediately proceeded to his room and
Svroto tho message sending tho names of bis
cabinet to the sonata And with him ended
a great deal pf the peculiar old ceremonial
connected with the president, as with him
ended, strictly speaking, the formative, or,
os it is sometimes called, revolutionary period
of Ameriqm history.
It is scarcely possible to describe the con
trast between this scene and Washington's ] and congress adjourned.
houses of congress,, heads of the departments,
foreign ministers and os many spectators as
could find room, ho roeo and said:
“Fellow Citizens: 1 am called upon by the
votes of my country to execute the functions
of its chief magistrate. When the occasion
proper for it shall arrive, I shall endeavor to
express the high senso I entertain of this dis
tinguished honor and of the confidence which
has been reposed in me by the people of the
United States of America. Previous to the
execution of any official act of the president,'
the constitution requires an oath of office.
This oath 1 am now ' about to take in your
presence, so that if it shall bo found during
my administration of the government ftiave
in any instance violated, willingly or know
ingly, tbo injunction thereof, 1 may, besides
incurring constitutional punishment, bo sub
ject to the upbraiding of all who are now
witnesses of this solemn ceremony.”
JOHN ADAMS.
It would seem that tho young republic ex
hausted Its taste and capacity for ceremonial
display at tho first inauguration, for tho con
trast between that and several succeeding I
was almost ludicrous. Furthermore, a great
deal of the pomp and pageantry of Washing
ton’s administration, tho gilded coach with
coat of arms on the panel, tho six white
horses, tho half court dress and all that sort
of thing rapidly disappeared. Tho country
was rapidly growing .more democratic.
On the 8th of February, 1797, John Adams,
acting os vice president, opened and counted
the votes which mado him president, an
nouncing that there were for him 71, for
Thomas Jefferson 69, for Thomas Pinckney—
late minister to Great Britain—59, for Aaron
Burr 80, Samuel Adams 15, Oliver Ellsworth
11, George Clinton 7, John James Iredell 3,
George Washington 2, John King 2, Samuel
Johnson 2, and Charles C. Pinckney L
On the 4th of March Mr, Jefferson was
installed as vico president early in tho morn
ing, and took his seat as president of the sen
ate. With them he proceeded to the repre
sentatives’ hall, attended by the members
and a largo audience of ladies and gentlemen.
In front of tho speaker’s chair sat Chief Jus-
tit© Ellsworth and Justices Cushing, Wilson
and IredelL Soon a loud cheering was heard
rolling along tho street announcing theap
proach of Washington and tho president
elect As they entered tho hall tho audience
arose and greeted them with enthusiastic
cheers. Washington, when they, had reached
their seats, read a brief valedictory. All
the writers of that timo described tbo scene
as singularly impressive and affecting.
After Washington Mr. Adams arose,
took the oath of office, and at once de
livered his inaugural. It was noted that
when he concluded and Washington left tho
hall, nearly all tho vast audience, and oven
the members, followed him, and tho new pres
ident was left almost alone. And that oven-
ing tho merchants of Philadelphia testified
their love for Washington by a splendid
banquet and other entertainments.
THOMAS JEFFERSON.
It is rather curious that a matter so recent
and so folly described as the inauguration of
Thomas Jefferson should havo been tho sub
ject of so much discussion. We now know
that it was tho intention that ho shonld pro
ceed in the usual state—that is, in a carriage
with four or six horses—to the Capitol, pre
ceded by the marshal and followed by
whatever civic societies should volun
teer; but as a matter of fact his
carriage did not arrive, and so he rode on
horseback, with only moderate state, and en
tered the senate chamber attended by the heads
of thedepartments, themarshol of tire District
of Columbia, his officers and other officials.
In the last year of John Adams’ administra
tion Washington city had become the seat of
government Early in the morning on the
4th of March, 1801, Aaron Burr took the oath
of office as vice president and acted as such
when the senate and house assembled to re
ceive Jefferson. Ho vacated the chair before
Mr. Jefferson and occupied one on the left,
Chief Justice John Marshall sitting on the
right Mr. Jefferson then delivered his in
augural, after which the oath of office was
administered by the chief justice, and with
out further ceremony the crowd dispersed
of March
w^o wqidd be tho principal figure, as the pro
ceedings in the electoral commission and in
qongn«5i were concluded on that day. As the
ith-of March fell upon a Sunday; the public
ceremonies took'place upon the 5th. They
JACKSON—LINCOLN. *■ 1 ' -
'ANDREW JACKSON.
The administration of Andrew Jackson was
an epoch in American history. There never
had been in Washington anything like so
large a crowd as that which was present at
the inauguration of Jackson.
Gen. Jackson delivered his inaugural and
took the oath of office at the east front of the
CapitoL The procession both to and from
the Capitol was the longest'ever seen down to
that timo iu W ashing ton. From there the
president went to the White House, whereall
the doors were open and no one was refused
admittance. Orange punch by barrels was
made, and in serving it pails would be up
set, glasses broken and painful confusion
caused. The opposit ion writers declared that
tubs of punch were carried from the lower
story into the garden to lead off the crowd
from the room, and that men with' boots
heavy with mud stood on the damask satin
covered chairs in their eagerness to see the
president At a subsequent levee tbo scene
was still more remarkable. A prominent
dairyman had honored the occasion by send
ing Gen. Jackson an enormous ehoeso, the
largest that could be manufactured, and
transported; its weight was 1,400 pounds.
The cheeso was cut up and distributed to the
crowd, who struggled for it, dropped it, trod
it into the carpets and thereby ruined them.
Tho condition of the White House is described
by a writer of the day as that of a republican
palaco which had just passed through an ob
stinate and protracted siege and been sacked'
by tho victorious enemy. Tho events of
Jackson’s first administration, the furious
contest of 1832, the nullification excitement
of th6 next winter and the proceedings of
that winter in congress, made the beginning
of his second administration as exciting mid
interesting as the first. Not quite so large a
crowd was in attendance and the ceremonies
were almost identical with those of 1829.
MARTIN VAN BOREN.
Tho inauguration of Martin Van Buren on
tho 4th of March, 1837, was a comparatively
tamo affair, but ho, like all subsequent presi
dents, followed the example of Jackson in
speaking from tho east front of tho CapitoL
Tho oath of office was administered by Chief
Justico Taney.
WILLIAM HENRY HARRISON.
The political revolution of 1840, which
ranks with 1S00 and 1S32 as the hardest
fought contest before the civil war, resulted
iu the election of Gen. William Henry' Har
rison, which excited so much enthusiasm
among his supporters that the crowd on the
4tb of March, 1841, was very large and the
procession and ceremonies very imposing.
Officially it was like the preceding.
JAMES KNOX FOLK.
Tho inauguration of James Knox Polk,
eleventh president .of the United States, on
March 4, 1845, was not remarkable in any
way. The day was rainy, but the crowd waa
largo.
ZACHARY TAYLOR.
On the 5th of March, 1849 (for the 4th fell
on Sunday), Zachary Taylor was inaugurated
without special incident, except that the
civic display and procession, was very large
and admirably arranged. In the presence of
at least 20,000 people he delivered his inaugu
ral and took tho oath of office.
FRANKLIN FIERCE.
In like manner the inauguration of Franklin
Pierce, on tho 4th of March, 1853, was without
special incident, though the crowd was large
and tho procession a fine one.
JAMES BUCHANAN.
On Wednesday, March 4, 1857, the presi
dent-elect, James Buchanan, was the center of
a procession which reached almost from the
White House to the capitoL The closing of
Mr. Buchanan’s administration may be re
garded as the closing of one system of admin
istering the government, his successor coming
in at tho beginning of the civil war, and with
him, as was fitting, began what may be called
the system of military display at inaugura
tions.
1 '
culuu- unit very
It was not even
east front, the two occupants passed arm it' were marked, except in the military display,
second inauguration. At the first tho young
republic exhibited all the display that it
could muster. The second was very quiet.
Tho French revolution and the negotiations ;
with Great Britain, the whisky insurrection '
then beginning in western . Pennsylvania and
the ill fortune that had followed the opera
tions against the Indians had 'roused a furlr.
ons party spirit in the congress. On the one
hand many public persons were vehemently
charged with a monarchical bias, and the
opposition naturally going to the extreme,
fought against every farm of state ceremony.
Mindful of these signs and the necessity of . Mr. Jefferson accompanying him to the door,
being complacent even to the prejudices of Tho second administration of Mr. Madison
the people, Washington asked the opinions of began with almost exactly the same ceremo-
his cabinet concerning the forms to be used. nies.
Jefferson and Hamilton, who seldom agreed ' james monroe.
in anything, agreed in advising him i’ °f
that he should take the oath of office * March ' 1817 > attracted a very large
privately at his own house, and that crowd, especially from Virginia and the bor-
^SHINGTON—JEFFERSON.
geougk Washington.
Jl, 1733, New Hampshire ratified
ml constitution, being rtw ninth
|*-° to, and oa the 2d of July her
TKification of t^e fact was rued in
^deration congress. By the terms of
ptutiou the ratification of nin« stated
| operative; therefore the congress,
, debate, oa tho 13th of September
the first Wednesday in January next
for appointing electors for the
'‘ates which before that date shall
"1 the constitution; that the first
sy in February next be day for
to assemble in the respective
tete for president. that tbriirst
ay in March next be tho time and
ot seat of congress tlio place for
’ r^eedings under tho constitu-
> first part of this was carried out
J’odevt^^ ra l G To I S 0 tor aS pr l 3l ' ^ coach ’
^ far as can be known, everyIndi- ^ ^borses, precede by the mar-
r~' * r dm*, na nronosed. and. nc^omnanipri
The second inauguration of Mr. Jefferson
differed little from the first.
; james Madison.
On the 4th of March, 1809, there was a
large assemblage to witness the inauguration
of James mil Rnmft circumstances
connected with it attracted attention, among
others the fact that Mr. Madison was clad in a
plain suit of black, all of which wasof Ameri
can manufacture. Ha went through the cere
monies of the day with a solemn dignity. The
officers were seated as before, the vice presi
dent on his left, the chief justice on his right,
a certificate of that fact shonld be de
posited in the state deportment. Knox and
Randolph protested, insisting that the cere
mony should be in public, but without any
ostentatious display.' At the cabinet meeting
on the 1st of March it was decided that the
oath should be administered by Judge Cush
ing of tho supremo court of the United States
in*tho senate chamber exactly at noon, and
“that tho president shall go without form, at
tended by such gentlemen os ho shall choose,
and return without form, except that he be
preceded by the marshal,” the responsibility
being thus largely thrown upon Washington.
He rode from bis residence to tho congress
der states of the north. The ceremonies were
substantially the same as before. As the 4th
of March, 1821, fell on Sunday, the second In
auguration of l& 'Monroe took place the next
day. The hall of tho house was packed with
members and spectators; the city was crowded
with visitors from all parts of the country,
and tho procession from the White House to
the Capitol was very long and imposing.
JOHN Q. ADAMS.
On March 4, 1825, John Quincy Adams
was inaugurated as tho sixth president of the
United States, and with deference to what
was supposed to be his taste, the marshal of
the District of Columbia, the officials and citi
zens of Washington exerted themselves to
make the ceremonial extremely imposing. A
shal, as proposed, and, accompanied by a very very largo body of ^citiz^ns 111
LINCOLN—HARRISON.
ABRAHAM LINCOLN.
It is not within the province of this article
to set forth the portentous events just pre
ceding the inauguration »of Abraham Lin
coln; the fierce four sided campaign of 1860;
the long winter of anxiety and gloom*, the
successive retirement of congressmen as seven
states seceded; the rumors of intended assas
sination and the secret night journey of Mr.
Lincoln to Washington. Nevertheless, these
things mast be borne in mind by one who
would understand the scenes of that inaugu
ration. Gen. Winfield Scott, then lieutenant
general of the United States army, and in
command at Washington, was firmly per
suaded that a riot was planned for inaugura
tion day, during which an attempt was to be
made to assassinate Mr. Lincoln. He there
fore organized the militia of the District and
disposed of his available force of regulars aa
seemed to him \>est calculated to prevent
bloodshed.
On the - 4th of March, 1861, the retiring
president, Buchanan, and Mr. Lincoln rode
together to the CapitoL the president driving
to Willard’s hotel for the president-elect.
They rode between double files of a squadron
of District of Columbia cavalry. In front ot
them marched a company of sappers and
miners, and behind them mm, the infantry
and riflemen of the district. On the roofs of
all the highest bouses along Pennsylvania av
enue were placed squads of riflemen from the
regular army with orders to watch the win
dows on the opposite side and fire upon
in case any attempt should be made to fire
from those windows upon the presidential
carriage; A small force of regular caval
ry, the only one that could be obtained,
waa detailed in squads to guard the street
crossings on Pennsylvania avenue, each cqued
retiring by side streets as the presidential
carriage passed and taking up its position
ahead, so that each street crossing was thor
oughly guarded.
District of
Columbia troops stood near the steps of tho
CapitoL and at tbo windows and wings
specially detailed riflemen were placed. 1 In
arm to the senate chamber, already densely
packed with officers and civilians, where
the ceremony of swearing in the vice presi
dent was soon performed. Then the' two,
surrounded by the justice* 6f the supreme
courts tlie senate committee of arrangements,
the outgoing president and the family of the
president-elect, the chief justice in his robes,
the clerk of the court with a Bible, took their
places on the front of the platform at the
east portico. Before them were perhaps 20,-
000 people, all iu deep silence and every face
serious, many apparently in deep gloom.
The construction of the great dome of the
Capitol was in progress, and in front of the
president-elect stood tho bronze statue of
Liberty. Just beforo the ceremonies began
» a* strange historic group was accidentally
formed. On one side was Senator Douglas,
late Mr. Lincoln’s chief rival for the presi
dency, holding Mr. Lincoln’s hat. On
the other., side stood Chief Justice
Taney, author of tho Dred Scott
decision, and close to the latter
President Buchanan. To ’the front and
center stood Abraham Lincoln, president
elect, thus grouping together the principal
characters in the most momentous era of
American history. When the loud and pro
longed cheering had subsided, Senator Baker
briefly introduced Mr. Lincoln, and stepping
forward the president-elect, in a firm, clear
voice, every word being heard by every one
of the audience, read that remarkable inau-
guraL When he pronounced the closing
words, “I am loth to close—we are not en
emies, but friends—we must not be enemies—
though passion may have strained, it must
not break our bonds of affection," etc., the
people broke Into a loud aud prolonged
cheer. Chief Justico Taney arose and took
up his Bible, and Mr. Lincoln, pronounced
this oath
“I, Abraham Lincoln, do solemnly swear
that I will faithfully execute the office of
president of the United States, and will to
tho best of my ability preserve, protect and
defend the constitution of the United States.”
As the last word died away tho battery, com
manded by Gen. Scott, thundered its salute,
Mr. Buchanan and President Lincoln re
turned to their carriage and the military
escorted them to tile White House.
Four years later there was a crowd beyond
all previous experience of Washington, and a
military display composed only of soldiers
who happened to be there at the time; but
oven tbo temporary surplus of the army at
that time was greater than tho whole regular
army before the war. Tho second inaugural
address of President Lincoln was not so
closely scanned as - his first, for tho policy of
tho administration was already determined.
It was far more poetic and even more pathe
tic than tho first. Many sentences me now
familiar as household words, and the closing
paragraph has become an American classic,
as follows:
“With malice toward none and charity for
nil; with firmness in the right, as God gives
us to see the right, let us strive on to finish
the work we ore in; to bind up tho nation’s
wounds; to care for him who shall have
borne the battle and for his widow and or
phans; to do all which may achievo and
cherish a just and a lasting peace among our
selves and with all nations.” The national
saluto was then fired and Mr. Lincoln, in
barouche with Senator Foster, of tho com-
mitteo of arrangements, was escorted by the
military to tho White House. On this occa
sion and tho next Chief Justice Chase ad
ministered the oath of office.
U. 8. GRANT.
Tho inauguration of Gen. Ulysses S. Grant
on tho 4th of March, 1869, aroused a great
display of popular enthusiasm in which all
parties joined; but, contrary to tho etiquette
of the occasion, the incoming president was
not escorted to tho Capitol by his predecessor,
Andrew Johnson, this being the third time
that this occurred in the history of tho gov
ernment, as that of 1829 was the second. Tho
crowd in Washington surpassed all previ
ously known, except that at the military re-
viow in May, 1865. A little before
o’clock Gen. Grant issued from his
headquarters and seated himself in the
barouche beside Gen. Rawlins, his chief of
staff and friend. In tho carriages following
were tho vice president elect, the reception
committee of the senators and the president
elect’s military staff. Brevet Maj. Gen. A. S.
Webb, tho grand marshal, and his aid pre
ceded and an immense military contingent
divided into eight divisions followed. Despite
the rain, tho entire space before the east front
of the Capitol was filled with people. On
the platform were the usual officials.
After the formal ceremonies in the senate
and the swearing in of the vice president, the
officials and president-elect, proceeded to the
platform at the east front. The long proces
sion extended almost entirely around the Capi
tol and far up tho adjacent street, there not
being room enough to approach the east front.
Gen. Grant then took the oath of’ office and
read his inaugural, but in so low a voice that
it was only heard by those nearest to him,
and frequently interrupted by prolonged
cheers from the crowd.
It was unanimously agreed by tho military
authorities, officials and political friends of
Gen. Grant, that his second inauguration,
March 4,1873, should be even more, impres
sive than the first—far more impressive than
that of any preceding president; but the day
was singularly unpropitious and the suffer
ing was simply intense. The attendance of
military, both regular and volunteer, was
very large, and Pennsylvania avenue was
packed on both sides, as before, with an im
mense crowd. All the proceedings were di
rected by the signal corps officers, who
were stationed on all the commanding build
ings, even upon the CapitoL But from dawn
till dark the wind blew from the northwest
with a violence amounting to a gala The
cadets from West Point and from th9 naval
academy at Annapolis were specially commis
erated, as they had not prepared for such ex
treme weather. Their suffering was very
great, and including them, the rest of the
military and the spectators, it, is estimated
that many scorch of deaths were caused
exposure en that day. The ceremonies v
almost identicaL, with those-of four years
before. The oath of office was administered
by the new chief justice, Morrison R. Waite,
a. a Hayes.
The next inauguration took ( hire under pe-
by a' sevfere simplicity amounting to plain
ness. The foreign diplomatic corps alone ap
peared in uniforms and decoratious. Except
for a few soldiers' uniforms, there was not a
badge or decoration about any of the Ameri
cans taking part The crpwd was not so
large as at the first inauguration of President
Grant He and Senator Morrill, chairman
of the senate committee of arrange
ments, rede in the carriage with the
president-elect, and after tbo officers, as be
fore.' Before the president’s carriage were
the Washington light guards aud a battery
of light artillery; behind them regulars,
militia and volunteers as before. At least
30,000 people were in front of the CapitoL
Vic© President Wheeler was swdrn hi in the
senate, as before. The officials, tlieir ladies and
ladies of the diplomatic corps, supreme court
judges, foreign ministers and others were
seated on tho platform, east front. Gen. Grant,
arm in arm with President-elect Hayes, pre
ceded by the clerk of the supreme court, with
Bible, advanced to the front amid hearty
cheering. • President Rayes delivered his -
inaugural address and pronounced the oath
of office after Chief Waite.
JAMES A. GARFIELD.
The day of. President James A. Garfield’s
inauguration, March 4, 1S81, was inclement
Ram in the morning, sleet and snow as the
day advanced and inud ever}'where and all
day cast a gloom over the people. But the
pageant was not wholly spoiled and the crowd
was large. Tho procession moved at half past
10, Gen. W, T. Sherman, with a brilliant
staff, leading tho way. After him came tho
military under Gen. Ayres, then tho incom
ing and outgoing presidents inn four horse
barouche, with gorgeously uniformed cavalry
before and behind, aud after thorn tho usual
array of militia and civic societies. The
usual civilians and officials occupied tho plat
form at; the east front of tho CapitoL Tho
inaugural address was read with remarkable
forco and effect and excited much emotion
among tho people. The inaugural ball was
held iu tho National museum, one of the hand
somest buildings in tho country, designed iu
the form of a Greek cross, and was the first
ball of t’no kind to attract uni versa! attention.
Five thousand holders of tickets were ad
mitted. President Garfield, in full evening
costume, received with dignity, supported by
Messrs. Evarts, Schurz, Maynard, Breckin
ridge, Hazen, Chief Justice Waite and others.
The brilliancy of dress displayed attracted
universal attention.
GROVER CLEVELAND.
The inauguration of Grover Cleveland sur
passed all previous ones. For a week before
March 4 the two Washington depots were
crowded with people night an i day.
It is estimated that 250,000 parsons from
other places were present. How to accom
modate them hail been one of the problems
for the inauguration committee, who ap
pointed several hundred men to make a can
vass of the householders who had room to
spare and would be willing to receive one or
more of tho tourists.
In spite of the precautions ail the available
space was occupied two days before tho in
auguration, and the thousands who arrived
on the 2d and 3d of March were loft to shift
for themselves. How they shifted is still
matter of amusement to the Washingtonians;
They slept in hallways and cellars and in the
public parks.
The morning of the Inauguration' was
warm, fragrant aud spring like. Tho streets
were thronged as early as 0 o’clock, and soon
was heard tho tramp of regiments marching
to the place of formation. By 10 o’clock there
were three hundred thousand people lining
Pennsylvania avenue. At half past 11 a great
shout, that swelled into a deafening roar from
onoend of the avenue to the other, announced
that tho pi’ocession had started. Pennsyl
vania avenue is the widest thoroughfare in
tho world. It is paved with ospbaJ^m ore
all tho streets of Washington) and is un
equaled for a procession. Down this avenue
swept the noblest procession seen in the capi
tal since the grand review of the army in 1S05.,
The procession is led by a regiment of
United States regulars, followed by the cele
brated United States Marine baud of one
hundred pieces, whose grand martial music
drowns all other sounds. Then follows the
carriage in which sit President Arthur,
President-elect Cleveland and Vice President
elect Hendricks. After the presidential
carriage has passed come tho troops, in every
kind of uniform. This procession is six hours
passing a given pointy- hut the enthusiasm
does not diminish.
Meanwhile the presidential party has
reached tho platform at the eastern end of
the CapitoL The platform is 100 feet wide,
the largest ever, built for the purpose. In
front of the Capitol, banked in a solid mass,
stood 250,000 people.'
- The president delivered his inaugural ad
dress in a clear, resonant voice, from mem
ory, making only an occasional reference
to the notes in his hand, end then Chief
Justice Waite administered the oath [of
office. Cleveland said: “1 swear,” then
paused and kissed the Bible—a smalL leather
bound, well worn volume, which had been
given to him by his mother when he was a
boy.
At the Washington monument was given
that evening the greatest display of fireworks
ever made in America.
Then the crowd makes a rush for the great
pension office building, where the inaugura
tion ball is-to be held. One hundred thousand
people surround the building and watch the
fortunate ten thousand who are able to enter.
The ball room is the largest ever used for a
presidential feta There is a waxed floor 816
feet long and 116 feet vrida Tbo rooms are
fragrant with flowers; many chandeliers,
with brilliant pendants, shed their rajs upon
the heads of those below, and the walls are
covered with silken flags of all nations.
Ten thousand have arrived at H o’clocfc.
The women, in their rich evening dresses and
costly diamonds, the diplomats in their court
uniforms and decorations, the resplendent
army and navy officers, and the civilians m
conventional black, constitute a scene that is
not likely to be forgotten by any of those
who witnessed it.
At 11 o’clock the president arrives. He
holds a levee, but gets
The crowd dances until tho smfiL
A week later Washington resumes its
usual appearance.