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I ATH2i^-&E0BGlA • •“ w ■ > y T ' s VZrmr xr ' -dm ri -i'tj fror-riife #PljW-- - 'T (rbsp^--^^ <•« »* 1 i|; «* '**** *-*‘ J, « V, ' < > - .MO •^•d/jjilfc JioD 7/1 b-,*«d*».i ’. "'j p VOL. 62. !lc* tali* jljjtn »iU tioqu awit tun *»•-•-»* rt ■ - ■ j ommam ^ f>.« GBKGUi LIBRARY TO g ?WFffflJ)U':!l^lllili l H' m .:." ■ J ~ NO. Til K^f¥ftWfe«iU4f\. J*** TheFiftnii aEStUBWlll Sartf j of for tnnnyUi£™lii ^^inimilltct^^of lenbe rtf foil aclapt^trt'every deoiftid. pw-judinea at legislators, whohud chemicals, fertilizers, etc. Lastly be The drFe*eiu!e eJenttfon, 1 ianfeib)^’ baun>intU-MrJ«ti to: Npafe agaiiist nidb &>Ali»iHle»faUen«fl t*WHt tbygrttft ■eeiir^f^ ’i'' gWfaP^Ue^ig^t'^if we|>nrt<Mi»4r^ Mali geology,*’and gold be]t of the Appalachian range; *'?" *»*:•* ***■'» """*> * • and ^roBnd Ackworih* jutd for i ; • ' r ttiri4*AtvM*^ck4dffifk‘’ a? n w*H,foraUy »* Utg- wunMniWr the. hundredjnilea iiv tin* northeast, atjd '. • 'ftirtiefo. artnurf , fe^ralurtf ! '«if |®HWrt%.., f tbe nuuiitfitttuteffk vtbe ■wOtiHrest conrw across^ the whole th^iiil!8t<tttpo^lisOlt!^ Stafe‘'»^- miw^liwdipdee^jdllthe proddctiOg Slate, tliiJ iTltCftyyiCW^yiK.en g^ ! from' forty-eight decree* WlWft/ C as&^pf ii# people.so that, every sulphur for that brought £fom Sicily, ,found in paying quantities, aud many eight iiigW*. *' 1 :* k '’ in Jl ’c!sw of .people now realixw the tp largely qqed ig. the making of our . fstanip mills have been ermirdftiHiit •' 8t! Micry*S, of Ith^IbHU ilr dtpity,tUf p^sent and future.!bent** -- ‘ ' * ' l “ 5 Alabama and Mississippi, have been | tlq. ^u«t throe years, ^ Hundreds of v .sixty eight degrees mein annual tern- fi'* to be slenr«*l from tin; survey, constituted, there leKaihs to het an j mountain streams running down from perature; Savannah, slaty six degrees; [Oorr>i»poi.d*neeof tbeDttroit AtU^TA.Ga., Although Genrgia>has given to the Union, territory twice her present sire, ^ ^ , v from which her tfoble sister -States, Bjstamp mills have been erected dttritie amplp territory oL58,<MM>«ummilMykiie Blue' Ridge into tle Cbatta Cufanibus and August^ sTityfnst- cmbriu-ing ^rej $£^3 limicbc* river,fornish ibnndant water degrees; Athens, sixty degrees; Allan- latitude, and nearlv a mile ol* elevation | power for runaiiig the machinery lor ta, fifty-six degrees; Dahlonega, fifty- two degrees; Hiwassee, fott?eight . 7 TT/iV/ o.TiT; in her n^>untaiu peaks above tlw level poumliug ihe quarts ores and wash. 0< ''M wd^. .1 II TUK MOCSTAIS CHA IN TUK CHATTaMOOCUBK. Trt FTtrnij^p'ftrm Yirgittia in* rnuth- termiuates near CartersVille, lorty miles from Attyplp, a^d -iijktws ( the passage of the State Railroad, which forms the connecting rail-link between the waters of the Tennessee and those of the Atlantic step*. aflh^Httg il frflb 1 outlet from the granaries of the West to the cotton plantations of the South. At the capital of the State, this rail road crosses the great through line from New York • to New Orleans, represented by the Air Line ami the WeBt 1’oiut Railroad, w \ « f (S KO1.TII ugoboia. **' AH that portion of the State north if these roads is known as North Georgia, and abu«**j|£4ipwi& Near Chattanooga Ini 175 square miles of bituminous coal, which fnr- nis7.es abundant fuel lor household use as well as excellent coke, cqnal to that of Pennsylvania, for smelting the rich lbssiliferous iron ores which appear at the surface for 100 miles in extent. Alongside of this coal and iron, is found the limestone from whi.-h the best quality of lime is burned, in kilns at Catoosa and Kingston, along the Western & At lantic Railroad and the magnesian limestone from which are made an alkaline fertilizer and a first-class hydraulic cement. MINERALS. Continuing southward, wc find in Bartow county large bed* of barytes, used so generally for mixing with CilATTAHOOCllEK. This river flows Hnxn the northeast cortfiiki Vt the southwesterly, manufacturing ’facilities, no" ebut passiiig eight ndWifiSrlh of Atlanta, caiV excel this, lu^ agricultural ] v Io mineral resources, do Slate has •' grei^fcr variety ’ or t|bundai! ce. In and is abounded south by a ridge of ihc same name, on which Piedmont Air Line Railroad ruus, descending from Ml. Ajry, sixteen hundred feet hi beight, to -West Point, where at 'ibix Mndfed feet ahov6 .the sea level the river cuts its way through and turns southward to the Gulf.ot Mexico. MIOPLB fJEOBGIA. From the Chattahoochee Ridge, to the bolder of the Metaniotphic rocks, which terminate on a line drawn from Columbus, through Macon and Mil- ledgeville to Augusta, is the section known as Middle Georgia—the most and, copper sbqU Jp jMjie into raaehio fVl ^ H»w*« in tnanufactnijng ef our. cotton fftuiH :#*»&# ^* tive tom Sputh, ^ed .wben,9qy immemei^ieds ;of tos sXAxa ixniBiT marls,wo«b, «a?drjnd ptot*. and the statistkp cl’mimr.id.-waters, bealtl. resorts, water poverty, which are ex hibited in ,thi- spacieuB. rooms- -of the ^rjntr»l, a»d the maps of tbe S^ate the different Amities not only do alaintr CT^drt to Mr 'rtSeorge Little, Stole agricultural proi Geologist, Latto the whole people of ducts, no waul is misapplied. Georgia. Two -hundred and twenty Now, Mr. Editor, you may ask odd dfierent hinds of wood are found how 1, a Northern man, only resi-i in the Style, and tbq polished.and dent , a tew years in Atlanta, cati 5 iC L:L! ‘-' 1 assert so p9ssitively wliat are the resources aiid Capacities of a State no large as this. 1 ’ 7- PERSONAL OBSERVATION. *' In reply, I say that I have seen with my own eyes every one of theue ores and minerals and many more not alluded to, although they exist iu considerable quantities, such as cor undum, from which our ciuery wheels are hiade, and which has—he foi e the hickjy. settled awl deniable Pied- Turkish war—been imported from -«* uU Til I —M>S ' ' *1 ' V 1 £ X a mtAA — 1 ^ mont region,"watered by a hundred streams of free stone water, which cut their way through the parallel bands of harder rocks, granites, and gneis ses, affording a thousand sites for mills, a« they descend seven hundred niH'-s, on an average of . ten ieet fall to the mile, and making, when they pass from the hard granite rocks into the sand and limestone, the famous falls at which cities have been built and great cotton factories established ; Columbus having 30,000 horse power available, and Augusta utilizing now 14,000 in her great canal. In single counties of this belt of country, as for instance Clarke county, which has for its county site Athens, the teat of the Stale University, there lave been measured 3,000 horse power, utilizing each stream only once, whereas there commercial fertilizers; lyheo.its inex l haustible marl and muck deposits shall be folly appreciated abd sought mamvmiilrubt -after; when our geld mines ahall be .properly worked and yield bullion (as they are capable of. doing) sufficient for the basuof the circulating medium of tbe whole couauj-^potonly Amer ica, but Europe will acknowledge the fact that Georgia if the afbst richest and most independent State in the Union. Our own people realize that the geological survey (but half com pleted) is the greatest and most ira poitant work the State qveffostered. Ufy. W*f. H»,White. varnished specimens, if exhibited, at l*hi ladelphki, at our grept Centennial, would have exceeded any display irom any Spite iq the Union. Tbe ear^y { r.cat-foce piue furnished to tbecollec- ion from fbe Ceotral Railroad ahopa at Savanuab, and which the company uses in panels for their passenger cars, equals the bird’s-eye maple or even mahogany in beauty and lustre, aud a act of furniturq made of it would he idal chamber of » while lead in making paint. Here i are often a dozen good localities on a also we find the manganese, which furnishes the material from which bh-acliing preparations are made, aud which enters into the Spiegel iron and the Bessemer steel. On the same sections of land are inexhausti ble beds of brown hematite iron ores, which have occasioned the erection o! several furnaces in this section, and th.- traveler may s -e the great stacks of pig iron piled up along side the Good samlst- tie for furnace ln-a tl-s is found near by, a* well as soapstone for lining furnaces, slate qua lied for roofing and beds of sh-sios from which the fire proof i-, n!iiio is made, which is used so extensively in our larger cities. Beds of marble are loan 1 also in this s< o ion, of varii ms colo'r ami suserp- tit» >.• of a line polish, embracing the p.ie white, the red, the va legate 1 and i lie jet black ; very mini roil- and i-x- • • i»—ix o deposits id eepp.-r pyrites ha\>• laie’y been discover, i not far fr-.;n vue railroad, and o .iy await capital tor the erection of smelting wo.-.,s, to yield go.»d returns, better tli i-i those from the Diicklown Mines of f-messce. Gr-ai qnmtities of the pi rest iron pyrites can also be uh ahiJ-l t->r the maniit.ioturc of snl- phm ic acids, at a cheap rate, and ihis is wail known to be the foundation single main. SOUTH GEORGIA. The country smith of the Augusta, Macmi & Columbus Railroad is known as South Georgia and is more level than the other sections, falling oft* gradually from r.n elevation of 500 feel down to the seaboard. Here are found the* immense Joorests ol yellow ]»ino—know n as Georgia pine h the markets of the world, and of t.vliicli 300,000.000 feet are annually exported. In these open pine forests llu- native wire grass covers the soil with an almost endless carpet of green, and affords pasturage- lor herds of cattle and she*ep almost the entire year. In this section ate beds of excellent btirrsii.m* lor mill-rocks, and inex haustible beds of marl, which, in some plaices, are genuine green sands, and cot-lain as high as throe per cent, of potash, so valuable as a f. rt fixer, and this exists in ln-ds trout three -o twenty feet in thickness THE GEOLOUICAI. APPEARANCE. Thus we see that in the three sec tions of the State the alternations granite, limestone, clays and stones, which in the melau-orphic the Ides of Greece; mica, which Ire see in the stoves like glass windows, and which the Russians use tor win- dow panes ; ccrpcntine, that we snlw stitute for marble in our table tops and t mantels. Chromic iron ore, from which wc make the chrome green and chrotne yellow paints. Rutile, that gives the flesh-like, nainial color to the artili' cial teeth which our dentists value so highly. Opal and beryl and amethyst ! and ruby, which our jewelers make us pay so high a price for in finger and eat-rings, and cutl* buttons and “hirt studs. Diamonds, that adorn our aristocratic beauties. AH these may be seen and should be seen by every traveler who passes through Atlanta from the North to enjoy our invigorating atmosphere and the balmy breezes and luscious oranges of Florida. They aie found in the State Capitol iu the Geological Muse um. For tony years this grand commonwealth lias waited for the touch of the magic wand ot science to reveal its hidden wealtli THE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. In 1*74 one of the young men who had followed Lee and Jackson through tour years of fierce and hh-ody strife, and. returned home, convinced that the future of the States was in t : e intelligent us oi the gins which nature had bestowed s-> liberally on his own Slate, intro duced into tin- Legislaime, of which lie w*as a member, a bill to establish a inineralogical, geological and physi cal survey of Georgia. In Irs. than , ; ‘” ’ <^<ty Council.. ’ ‘ •’ Council Chamber, Athens, Ga , Feb.- 4. 1873 . ’ . 4 o’clock p, m. The legulqr monthly meeting of Council was held this evening, present His Honor, Mayor Rucker aud aider- man Hamnton, Talmadge, Kemp, Lnca<t, .Carlton and Hodgson. The minutes of tjae, few last abound in p v .H streams that will furnish power to turn the lathes for making furniture of the finest quality. On the Etowah River is one, near Cartersville, estimated at 1,835 horse power; on the C-hattahoo- hee, within a mile of the Western & Atlantic Railroad, is another, measur ed at 1.944 horse power, in counties from which I have seen fifty difierent kinds of wood suited for every pur pose. cartersville. Is one of a trio ofyouugcities,«f which the future growth and wealth is not a matter of doubt Within ten miles of it arc five furnaces for minufacturing pig-iron, and one for ferro-manganese, worth even in these times of depression, 8150 a ton, and within this radius I have seen at least a dozen fine beds of rich iron ore, which have been thor oughly tested. dalton. Is a railroad center only fotty miles distant, and near it is a bed of iron ore, which in exteut, according to the great Eti^lish iron-master, Sir J. Lowtiiiau Bell, is exceeded by only ono in the k"own wurhl, that of Bil- bou, in S|uiin. ItoStK. At the junction of two rivers, one the j Oo-tamuila, front near Dalton, and the other the Etiwah, from near Carters ville (both of which are now lieing cleared of obstructions by the United States Government, as \-.ell as the Coosa, which receive- the xvaiers of both), is a ! so a railroad center, and j lieing the nearest market to the forint four Vi-ars the result lias been mar Vclous, and the name of Henry 11. Carlton, ol Alliens, will go down to posterity as the father of the geologi cal Mir icy of Georgia. This survey was placed, after long deliberation ami careful inquiry bv Gov. Jas M. Smith, iu the hands o. a gentleman who by natural ability, thorough scientific education iu this country and to Euiope, and indoitiitalne ces at Ceder town and Prior’s Station and Ridge Valley and Cornwall and R-d Mointain, as well as the natural market for the rich alluvial lands, extending tor twenty miles on both sides, must some day rival its old namesake in Italy. - the good time coking When these lands, and the millions of acres lying idle over the State for want ot intelligent reliable 1 ilmr shall e.cigy, united with a skill an-t tint be cultivated us are the lands of wee Of W. L. Jones aud W. J. \ orton, agent asking the Conned to allow them to move . their fences on the South side of Broad street, between Lumpkin street and Hull street, out on a line with the north fence of John White ^on Broad street, referred to Stieet Committee to investigate and report back to Council. Of a large number of citizens, stat ing that the.Guano Depot at the Northeastern Railroad has become a very offensive nuisance, they asked tl ,e oxten-ton the Council to abate the nuisance, by its removal beyond the city limits or, other.uisc, Mr. Edwards, the Super- intetidant of the Railrpnd desiring to appear ^before the Council with a counter petition, and represent the interest of the Railroad iu the matter, the Council deterred action until next meeting. Alderman Hodgson, Chairman of Committee on printing, made a verbal report stating th.-u the Committee having received the lowest hid from the Southern Banner to do a specified amount of work, deemed it be*t-, in view of the d« lay that would he caused by waiting until the regu- r meeting of Council, to close the contract with that paper, which they did. On no tion of alderman Hampton, the action of the Committee was approved and the contract confirmed. The Street Committee asked for further lime iu regind to removal o! tree fronting Episcopal parsonage, grant--<l. «l The monthly reports of the Treas urer, Ci-ief.-t Poii -c. Lamplighter and CJe'k ol M ikoi were read am] re ci ived. Petition ..f Y L. G. Harris and S. P Tii-irinoiid for lamp po.-l to lie placed at Southwest corner of Dr. W. i . Join-’ lot, was ivlerrcd to Mayor with power to act. Mr, E K. Lump-io, appeared be- fore the Co ueil aud stated, that, in : ccordauee with the request ot Conn line i]nd the ooe run by Prof. Ruth-; erford’s, he preferred to defer his report to .the Council until he- ami 1 Profi Rutherford cool 1 test their linen together and settle the differ*,t ence, In-tween them. The Council •*ignifo*4«» ap|*r«»vjil of tho : actioaT projHtsed l»y Mr. Lumpkin. Ou motion of alderman Lucas, the Street Committee were instructed to puta crossing on Hull street, near/ Mr, Man-b-villn’s, ami to have such work done ou the side walk at that place as will make it passible. Alderman Carlton, stated, that » large -number of cilixms residing S »uth of the lanyard branch urgent-, ly petitioned Council to make a side walk on Lumpkin street, commencing at the Northeast corner of Mr. E. L. Newton’s laud, and running South across the branch, up to lot owned liy Mr. B'ooiijfieldj ho stated that Mr. Newtoi, fad agreed to give suffi cient ground uioitg his line to make., the walk, provided the Council would move his fence hack. He stales fur ther that 7ur. Brittain proposed to assist the city with his hands, to more the fence and grade the walk. On motion of alderman Talmadge, the matter was referred to tho Street Committee with power to act. The Mayor stated that Mr. T. G. Barrett had requested him t • ask the Council to take s-*tne action on hi* demand against the city for damages, Bt utmsteqafcnbfl^of :r - —...—£ claimed four-] Undriid3aE&i ! a»n.agar' ^ including the sum of $250 the amount agreed upon by himself and tho Committee ofCouncil for lot. Thu following resolution was adop ted in regard to the matter. Resolved, that the Council regardt the amount agreed upon by Mr. Barrett and the Committee of Conn-, oil viz: 8250 as full an 1 ample com pensation to Mr. Barrett for damages sustained by him in consequence of >f College Avenue through his land. Resolved, further, that should Mr. Barrett decline to receive this amount in lull settlement of 1 is claim, then the Council proposes to leave to three disinterested parties to assess the damages, one to he chosen by the Council, one by Mr. Barret aud ono by the two parties chosen The special committee appointed to investigate the application of Steven Gaines and others, for a por tion of the sell ol fund appropriated annually hv the Council for the bene fit of the colored children, made a verbal report, stating, that, up--n in vestigation tin* Committee thought it best, to refer tin- whole matter hank to Council and let the parties inter-* e-ted appear before the Council in per son and pres-nt their claims Madison D ivis, representing ihc Knox Institute and Steven Gaines representing the school taught at the A. M. E. Church being pre-ent pre euled the claims ot tho two schools. The following resolution was then adopted in regard to the matter Resolved, that the amount due -he Colored pen)lie this year fin school purpose-, lv*ing too small t > divide, and the Iviiox school having hereto fore received ilii- fund nrd apn--»pri- alrs it acceptihlv t.» Council, it is ordered that the Tr vimr-r piv over to the Trustee- -•} Kll'-X Tu-lituo. ' ! e annum' dn i In- e -h-i-e ! people fr.-m »f middle belt are frequently ernAxial by • r.iu-ly uu t with, was q-iaiinol mfixer | i’eunsylvauia. New A r ork and Miehi- i cit he h ui ma-te a re mrvey ->r his dykesbf eruptive ns-ks rich in ir< and potash, given vaiie'y and excel s.iie.y tlno'igli .lie polititical breakers gan. and the raiue Improved tools used. • line cstab isliin » t!ie tiiy limiis. but ot »cout».ny ami ic.oini, amt luo and wi.eu our otvu iron, umnjiai.e e ;u lh«-ir w.i- stnl a differen<-u ui hs tax s of 1877. paid on aceonn College B -ml-. •Tile folio ving b |ls vv.-re or-' to he p'li 1 on ainn-ov-il of p. Comudtfec.s lleurv II 83 ; .1 5 1 Hn-roT 80 ; J. C. Wilxins. 825 Cm; N eastern U i'r - d. £11 25, ! Fiiiku y 8*53; Ai' e - G;l- ' Co-npani. ' (>2 5 iv i tft e.-nt- Coanei' !j«».»t*'ic 1 W. A. Gii.i.i.l; vn, C.