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o SOUTHERN BANNER: APRIL 2, 1878 Side Glances at the Past. TIIK KiBTH—ITS HASS AND DESIINY. “We have now seen,’’ Chambers «oes on to say, “that the earth is a sphere slightly flattened at its poles —what is culled by geometers an el liptical sheroid—of a mean radius of somewhat less than 4,000 miles. We have next to consider its mass and density. Nothing astonishes the young student more than the idea of weighing the earth ; but there are several ways of doing it; and unless we could do it we could never know its density. The first method is by observing how much the attraction of a moun tain deflects a plummet from the ver tical line. This being observed, if we can ascertain the actual weight of the mountaiu, we can calculate that of the earth. In this way, Dr. Mas- kelync, in the years 1774-’76, by ex periments at Sohehallicn, in Pert- shire—a large mountain mass lying east and west and steep on both sides—calculated the earth's mean density to be five times greater than that of water. The observed deflec tion of the plummet in these experi ments was between four and five primes. In the method just described, there must always be uncertainty, however accurate the observations in regard to the mass or weight of the mountain. The method known as Cavendish's Experiment is freer from liability to error. This experiment was first made by Henry Cavendish on the suggestion of Michel, and has since been repeated by Reich, of Freyberg, and - Mr. Francis Baily.” Chambers presents in bis Encyclo paedia a figure representing Baily’s Apparatus, which, of course, is an impossibility to present here, ns we have not the cut; but the following description may enlighten our read ers as to the e instruction of the nbove.incntioned apparatus. It con sists of two small balls at the ex tremities of a fine rod, which, for the sake of convenience, we will ©til C. D., suspended by a wire, P. Q., and their position carefully observed by the aid of a good telescope. Large balls of lead, It. S. placed on a turn ing frame afe then brought near them in such a maimer that they can effect them only by the force of their attraction. “On the large balls be ing so placed, the small ones move toward them through a small space, which is carefully measured. The position of the large balls is then re versed (they are brought into the positions T. U.) and the change of the position of the small balls is agi’in observed. Many observations are made, till the exact amount of the deviation of the balls is ascer tained without a doubt. Then by calculation the amount of attraction of the large balls to produce this de viation is easily obtained. Having reached this, the next question is, what would this attraction be if they were as large as the earth ? This is easily answered, and hence, as we know the attractive force of the earth, we can at once compare its mean density with that of lead. Mr. Baily’s experiments lead to t lie result that the earth’s mean den sity is 5.67 times that of water. A third mode has lately been adopted by Mr. Airy, Astronomer- royal, comparison of two invariable pendulums, one at the earth’s sur face, the other at the bottom of a pit at Horton Colliery near Newcass tie, 1260 feet below the surface. The density of the earth, as ascertained by Mr. Airy, from this experiment, is between 6 and 7 times that of wa ter ; but for various reasons this re suit is not to be accepted as against that of the Cavendish experiment, and it is said that Mr. Airy himself is dissatisfied with it, and means to repeat the experiment with new pre cautions. The density of the earth being known, its mass is easily calcu lated, and made a unit of mass for measuring that of the other bodies in the system- It is found that the mass of the earth, compared with that of the sun, .0000028173.” A Kentucky man married four sisters. He was very sister-matic. The Fall of a Mountain. On* ofth* Vnxt Prominrnt Landmarks in Montana Tumbles U the Plain. [From tbe Helena Independent.] Nearly every resident of Montana has either seen or heard of the famous Bear Tooth Mountain, the most prominent landmark in northern Mt^bana. It is visible from different points at distances ranging from forty to sixty miles, and is in full view from Helena and the surrounding country. The mountain is distant about thirty miles from Helena, and stands like a grim and mighty sentinel at the end of the canon known as the Gate of the Mountains, through which flows the Missouri river. The Bear Tooth was fully described as a wonderful landmark of the early explorers, Lewis and Clark. In all photographs of the northern country' the two tusks, rising black and grim hundreds of feet above the mountain, are the prominent objects. The main tusk remains looking lonely and insolated in its grandeur. Last Monday a party of hunters, who were chasing game several miles north of the Bear Tooth, observed a rumbling sound and a quaking of the earth, and supposing it was an earth quake, and not noticing a repetition of it, they soon forgot the occurrence, and continued their chase until they reached the Bear’s Tooth. Here they were astonished by the appearance of the eastei n tusk. This was a per pendicular mass of rock and earth, fully 500 feet high, 3 r ’0 f-et in cir cumference at its base, and about 150 , feet at the top. This immense mass had become dislodged, and coming down with the speed of an avalanche had swept through a forest of large timber for a quarter of a mile, entire ly levelling it. The country around is now covered with a great mass of broken trees and tons upon tons of rocks, many of them as large as an ordinary house. — Tree Felling by Machinery. An English paper has an interesting account of-the recent trial of a new machine for cutting down trees, at which Mr. Gladstone, who has attained fame ; as an amateur chopper, was present. The machine consists of a steam cylin- : der pivoted on a cast iron bed plate, and having a long stroke, which puts a saw in motion. The steam is sup plied from a portable boiler through a flexible tube, - and is chiefly admitted into the cylinder at the piston end, only a little steam passing in behind the piston to serve as a cushion. The effect of this arrangement is that the saw cuts in the return stroke and not in the thrust, the teeth being all curved accordingly. The apparatus, which can be carried by four men, is laid on the ground near the tree, to | which it is fixed by two jaws and by a chain placed round the tree just below the saw-cut,’and drawn taut by a screw. From this it »vili be seen that the machine cuts close to the ground, thus economising the timber. The first tree felled was an elm, two feet and nine inches across the cut, which came down in less than four minutes. When the work goes on uninterruptedly the task is accomplish ed with great rapidity. In a private trial, fire trees were felled, inclusive of the time occupied in moving and adjusting the apparatus, in thirty five minutes. In the heart of one of these trees, by the way, was found and en tire brick. The saw was not made to cut brick, but as it was driven by steam it had not time to debate the point, and so went right through the impediment, with the loss of a tooth. As the saw cuts well into the tree, wedges are driven in, as is usual in felling. The pleasure of steam re quired for the felling of such trees as were operated upon is abont fifty pounds from a three of four-liorse pow er. It was the general opinion of the gentlemen present at the trial that the machine was perfectly successful and that where there was much good to fell it would be of great service, par ticularly in American, Indian and colonial forests, which it was designed to dear. “ Gone, but not forgotten,” long held its place as a sort of refrain to G. Washington Childs’ obituary verses; but latterly hocuses, “ Fondly loved, sadly missed.’' Navigation in the Air. A FLYING MACHINE IN WHICH THE HON. P. T. BARNUH IS INTERESTED. [Bridgeport Standard.] Mr. C. F. Ritchel of -{jorry has been perfecting a flying machine on a new plan in the Riverside Hotel, East Bridgeport; the machine stands in the hall nearly completed. It consists of a black silk cylinder twen ty-four feet long and twelve feet in diameter, holding 3,800 feet of gas, and a car suspended from the silk cylinder by cords and rods. This car is of slender brass rods, and ex tends the whole length of the cylin der, tapering to a point at each end. In the centre is a platfonn upon which the occnpant sits. In front of the seat are two cranks attached tj a wheel, which in turn is connected with an upright shaft, at Jthe lower end of which is a fan similar to the screw of a propeller. Tfejs fan is about level with the bottom of the platform, and is made of thin brass plates. At the front end <?f the long car is another brass fan, which is so constructed that it can bf£tumed in any direction by the feet of the occu pant of the car, while the centre fan is at the same time worked by his hands. A man of ordinary strength can revolve the handies at the rate of 100 a minute, which gives the fan 3,500 revolutions. The silk cylinder, tilled with hydrogen gas, which is the lightest that can be used, is to sustain all but a traction of the weight to be carried, and (jjp cent ral fun is expected to lift the rest by a pressure upon the air similar to that which a propeller wheel has upon the water. The air being much less dense, the fan or aerial screw is given a rapidity of motion sufficient to par tially overcome this difference. By reversing the motion of the fan the power is so exerted as to raise or lower ihc machine at will. The fan at the end of the framework is also revolved with great rapidity, by foot power, and can be-tunjBfstraiyht ahead or on either side, ^Irking on a plan similar to that of the Fowler steering propeller. By ti e use of this fan the machine can be steered like a ship, and the inventor expects that aerial navigation will be accom plished in the same manner that the ocean is traversed by ships, the gas-filled cylinder serving the pur pose of a sail, and the fans guiding the machine through the air. Mr. P. T. Barnum, who is inter ested iu the invention, was present at yesterday’s test. There was a flaw in the steerage apparatus, by which the fan was caught and broken ; nevertheless the machine raised as high as the ceiling, and was lowered at the will of the operator. We are informed that the machine was tested Women Who Want to Vote. Sixteen women and two reporters attended the fifth annual meeting of the New York State WoinanSuffrage Association at 81 Willoughby street, Brooklyn, yesterday afternoon. Mrs. Anna Field, who was conspicuous in the Beecher trial as the constant escort and friend of Mrs. Elizabeth Tilton, presided, Miss White, a fash ionably dressed young lady, wearing gold riiuiued eye glasses hung with a gold chain, read the minutes, which , recited that there are 34,000 tax-pay ing women in Massachusetts, whose wealth aggregates 8200,000,000. Mrs. Fales, richly dressed in the height of fashion, read a paper on woman suffrage, in which she said that the question of universal suffrage was one that the ladies of to-day could scarcely expect to settle in their favor. The thing now wanted was equalization of sexes, so that men and women shall be equal in the family, society, church and State. Women had been long enough la boring under restriction. It the bondage was not removed diseased action would take place. It was then moved that a petition be circulated asking for municipal suffrage for tax-paying women. Mrs. Field said that the necessity for woman’s suffrage was clear in Brooklyn. She met a great many women who expressed what they would do if they had only a say in affairs. Mrs. Walton said that she wanted to get the benefi’ of suffrage, but she didn’t think she would be forced to buy property and pay taxes. 0Thc resolution was adopted. | Meriwether A Few, BLACKSMITH’S TWO SHOPS FOR 1877. One at the old stand in front ot Messrs. GANN & REAVES, The other on the road to the upper bridge and * Mr. John z. c6oper’s, Livery Stable. We have first class workmen HORSE SHOEX2TG of every description, Plating and Concave Shoes Manufactured to order. WAGONS, BUGGIES, CARRIAGES, And all .kinds of Machines and Im plements repaired on short notice. jan9-tf. LIVERY AND SALE STABLE, Tiacmao S-fc_, A.-fcHeaaj3, Ga ll. Z. COOPER, Proprietor. a day »r two ago in the presence of an expert from New York, and that it worked perfectly, sailing abont the room and all the time under the perfect control of the operator. Mr. Ritchel has been working upon the invention since 1871, and is confident he has found the much-sought-for principle to be safely applied in aerial navigation. He has applied for a patent in tbe United States^ Canada, Great Britain, and France. He ex pects that a larger machine, capable of carrying several men, would work even more successfully than the small one now being tested, as more power could be employed, and lie even has hopes of a still larger one, in which the motive power will be furnished by a -mall engine. He informed us that the model of his invention had been shown to the editor of the Sci entific American, who said that he believed it might be made so success ful that a trip could be taken to the | North Pole in it. Mr. Ritchel is a very intelligent-looking gentleman, apparently about 35 years of age. He claims that all other inventors have failed with their flying machines because they have trusted entirely to the lifting capacity of the balloon appendage, rising by throwing out ballast, and falling by letting out gas. Another defect has been the placing of the steering apparatus in the cen tra, where only a comparatively small amount of power coaid be exercised. Good and Gentle Horses, Curriasres, Buggies, (top and no top) Phaetons, <fcc., <fec., for hire. Careful Drivers sent with teams when desired. DROVERS Are reminded that I have ample Stable Room, Clean Stalls and Extensive lot for their accom modation. Give me a call. jan292m. J. Z. COOPER. THE WHITE SEWING MACHINE, Said to be the lightest-running, the most beautiful, cheapest, Lest, and largest Sewing Machine in the world. Ladies and the public are invited to call and see, at the Office, next door to Wm. McDowell’s, C liege Avenue. J. BANCROFT, Agent. feb5-ly. PIANO AND ORGAN Luddkn A Bates hold the field and compete with the world. 1,000 Superb Instruments from Reliable Makeia at Factory Rates. Every man his own agent. Bottom prices to all. New Pianos. $136, *1S<), $170. NewOntans, $40, $50, $67. Six years guarantee. Fifteen days trial. Maker’s names on all Instruments. Square dealing, the honest truth, and best bargains in the U. 8. From $50 to $100 actually saved in buying from Lnddea A Bat**’ Wholesale Plano and Organ Depot, Sa vannah, da. febl9-lm. LAW XTOnCES- 8. DORTCH, ATTORNEY AT LAW, Carnesville, Ga. ap!8-1873-tf g E. THRASHER, ATTORNEY AT LAW, Watkinsville, Go. Office in former Ordinary’s Office. jan25-1876-ly p G. T£IO Ms* ON, ATTORNEY AT LAW, Special attention paid to criminal practice. For reference apply to Ex-Gov. T. It. Watts and Hon. Davia Clopton, Montgomery, Alo. Office over Post-Office Athens, Ga. feb3-lS75-tf JOHN W. OWEN. ATTORNEY AT LAW. Tocoa City, Ga. Will practice in all the counties of the West ern Circuit, Hart and Madison of the Northern Circuit. Will give special attanion to nil claims entrusted to his care. oct20-1875-ly. Pops Barrow. D. C. Barrow, Jr garrow Hros., ATTORNEYS AT LAW, Office over Talinadge, Hodgson & Co. jan4-ly £)'!>. HILL, ATTORNEY AT LAW, Athens, Ga. Prompt attention given to all business and the same respectfully solicited. janll-ly Lamar Cobb. Howell Cobb. g & II. COBB, ATTORNEY'S AT LAW, * Athens, Ga ■Office in Deupree Building, feb22-1876-ly Alex S. Erwin. Andrew J. ConB. T^R WIN & COBB, ATTORNEYS AT LAW. |Athens, Ga Office on Corner of Broad and Thomas streets, over Childs, Nickerson & Co. feb23-1876-ly j^SUBY G. McCUIlKY, •Afetorzieyr act Law, Hartwell, Georgia, Will practice in the Superior Courts of North east Gcoigia and Supreme Court at Atlanta. Aug 8.1876 tf James R. Lyle, Alex. S. Ebwin, Watkinsville. Athens. J^YLE & ERWIN, ATTORNETS AT LAW. Will practice in partnership in the Superior Court of Oconee County, and attend promptly to all business intrusted to their care. jsin9-3m. JACKSON * TtYMAs! ATTORNEYS AT LAW, Athens, Ga. Office South West Corner of College Avenue and Clayton Street, also at the Court House. All parties desiring Criminal Warrants, can get them at any time by applying to the County Solicitor at this office. decl6-1874-tf J> T. NELMS?, ATTORNEY AT LAW, Harmony Grove, Jackson County, Ga., Will practice in the Superior Courts ot Jack- son, Madison, Banks und Clarke counties. Special attention given to collection of claims. Refers to Judge A. M. Speer, Griffin, Ga., and Hon. J. T. Spence, Jonesboro’, Ga. oet9-tf. yyr it. little, ATTORNEY AT LAW, Carnesville, Ga. up!8-1873-tf BUSHTESS CARDS. rjl A. ILER, Watahnalwr 2e Jeweler, At Miohael’store, next door to Reaves & Nich olson’s, Broad street, Athens, Georgia. All work warranted 12 months. aeptl2-tf. CIIAS. C. JONES, JK. F. E. EVE. JONES Sc ZEVZE!, ATTORNEYS AND COUNSELLORS AT LAW SIBLEY’S NEW BUILDING, 211 BItOAD STREET, AUGUSTA, GEORGIA. o6-6m THE NEW YORK WEEKLY HE11ALD JAMES GORDON BENNETT, Proprietor.; The Best and Cheapest Newspaper Published. POSTAGE rH’PHEGIHJ. OWE nObbAB PER YEAP, 60 CENTS FOR 6 MONTH An Extra Copy to every Club of Ten. The N. 7. Daily Herald. Published every day in thefyeai Fo&rbage Free. $ 10 pays for one year, Sunday* included. $8 pay* for one year, without Sundays. SB pays tor six months, Sundays Included* $4 pays for six months, without Sundays. $2 pays for one year for any specified day ol tn week. $ 1 pays for six months for any specified day ol week. 1 pays for one month, Sundays Included. NEWSDEALERS SUPPLIED. Postage Free. Daily tion 4 cents. •y. Address Jan23-4m edition, 2% cants per copy. Sunday edl- nts per copy. Weekly edition 2 cents par kddress NEW YORK IIBBALP, toil l iM»! CLAIM to have the Largest Stove in this market. CLAIM to have the Heaviest Stove for the price in Athens. I CLAIM to. have the Finest Ar ranged and most Elegantly Finished Cook Steve Manu factured I I CLAIM thatj.1 can; Furnish the Best Tinware in the State as Cheap as inferior Tinware is now sold at in Athens. | CAN Substantiate the above claims and would be pleased to do so to any one desiring to purchaso. Call and be convinced at the SION OF THE BIG COFFEE POT. Broad Street., Athens, Georgia. J. C. WILKINS, aug7-taa Ahead of AH U0MPETITI0.H « 0. ROBINSON -wsss. H as jsut returned from a visit nmongthe Principal PIANO and ORGAN factories in New York, Boston nnd other chic?- having arranged for the Largest and most eon , plete assortment ever offered South, at prices ABSOLUTELY BEYOND COMPETITION I P B ,CE S Q„,C S. Musical Instruments OF EVERY VARIETY. Sheet Music and Music Boob, THE LATEST PUBLICATIONS. Musical Merchandise, And everything pertaining to a First Class Music House, TUNING AND REPAIRING, , PIANOS, Church, Pipe and Reed Organs, and all kinds ot Musical Instruments Tuned nnd Repaired by Mr. C. H. Taylor, the best skilled and one ot the most thorough workmen South. Mr. Taylor devoted nearly fifteen years in the constructor of instruments in some of the best factories in this country, and is the only authorized Tuner for the AUGUSTA MUSIC HOUSE. G. O. ROBINSON & CO, 265 Broad Street, Augusta, Ga. o2-tf CENTRAX. HOTEL AUGUSTA, GEORGIA. Mrs. W. M. THOMAS, Prop’r. This Hotel, to'well known to the citizens of Clarke and adjoining counties, is located in the centre of the business portion of Augusta, con venient to Post Office, Telegraph Office and Depot, and offers inducements to the public unequaled bv any other Hotel in the City deoi-tf. J OB WORK OF. ALL TESCRIP- tionjneatly done at thif office.