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PAGE TWO
ATHENS BANNER-HERALD
Published Every Evening Except Saturday and
Sunday and on Sunday Morning by Athens Pub
lishing Co. Entered at the Postoffice at Athens,
Ga., as second class mail matter.
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—DAILY MEDITATIONS
And though I have the gift of prophecy, and |
under stand all mysteries, and all knowledge,
and though I have all faith, so that I could 1
remove mountains, and have not charity, lam l
nothing,
Ist Corinthians 13:2. ‘
- Have you a favorite Bible verse? Mail to
A. F. Pledger, Holly Heights Chapel.
The Teacher Crisis
By B. M. Grier, Superintendent Of Schools
Education is an investment in human resources
which is the one asset. that makes a nation truly
great. There is no short cut to the development of
men and women capable of living in a free world.
The rise of the United States to a position of world
leadership has not been accidental. Through our
system of public education we have become a
mighty citadel of economic, social, political and
military strength. In the past other world powers
have lagged behind us in their educational efforts.
Today the situation is being reversed. The world
wide struggle between democracy and communism
as ways of life will be determined by education and
not by force, we hope. The victor will be the teacher
and not the soldier. Our system of education is no
‘better than its teachers. Today a critical situation
confronts the schools of the nation at their most
vital point-——the ‘teaching staff. Authoritative sur
veys reveal that more than 350,000 teachers have
left the profession since 1939 and that replacements
have been far below normal.
The legal requirements for acquiring a teaching
certificate in the United States today are exceeding- |
ly low. Only the Distriet of Columbia and fifteen '
states require a college degree for a standard teach
ing certificate. Despite the low legal standards for
certification in the various states there are 108,000
teachers who cannot meet the lowest standards re
quired in their respective states.
THE SITUATION
A full school year after the close of the war we
have 29,000 more emergency teachers than during'
the last year of the war. Men students enrolled in
teachers colleges in October of 1946 were only 13,000
as compared to. 39,000 in the fall of 1941. Millions of |
American children are going all the way through
elementary. and ‘high school without a single class |
under a man tedcher. Children should have bothii
men and: wemen teachers. on the elementary and
secondry levels, For.a twenty -five year period
prior to 1943 approximately 93,000 women were en
rolled each year as full time students in our teach—l
ers-colleges. In. October. of last year teachers col
leges could count only approximately 51,000 in their|
total enrollment. In 1920 twenty-two per cent ofl
all college students enrolled in teachers colleges
were preparing to teach, last year only seven per
cent, Of the G. I's enrolled in college only about two
per cent are preparing to teach. :
The most recent survey made in Georgia on the
teacher problem revealed 3300 teachers in our pub
lic schools with no more than high school training.
The colleges of the state in the best years graduated
annually about 1000 students who entered the teach
ing profession, not more than 500 of which were
professionally prepared to teach. To meet the teach®
ing needs of the state our colleges should graduate
annually, for some years to come, 4000 profession
ally trained teachers.
Do the people of the Unitde States want good
schools and good teachers? With almost a unanimous
voice they say.they.do. America needs good teach
ers. To get them the public attitude toward teaching
must change. We need a new philosophy of school
support. The. teacher’s responsibility to each child
has increased by an expanded and enriched school
curriculum. The actual mastery of teaching pro
cedures has become more involved. The teacher’s
professional job is to direct the learning of the
child. There is no more complicated nor important
task.
MAJOR CAUSES
There are. certain major causes for the present
teacher crisis which only the American people
themselves can remedy. Space does not permit the
enumeration and discussion of them, but one of the
prime causes is the teacher’s salary. The United
States, with its enormous wealth, spends only two,
per cent of its annual income on education. Russia!
spends twenty per cent of her annual income on!
education, We spend seven billion dollars znnually
on liquor as-compared with less than three billion |
doliars on education. We spend eighteen billion dol
w . (Continued in Column Four.) : }
: .
ANOTHER WAR CRIMINAL
At long last the American and British
authorities in Germany have reversed a
former decision and decided that young
Alfred Krupp, head of the famous muni
tions ‘works, should be tried for war
crimes. Earlier he had _been by-passed
when it was thought that his aged and
ailing father, Gustav, would not be able to
stand trial for reasons of ill health.
It was suggested that at that time that
Allied authorities hesitated to try an in
dustrialist for fear of the precedent it
might set in the event of future wars. Even
if that cynical reason were the real one,
the Krupps would remain a special case.
The Krupp family has been arming
German soldiery since Napoleonic times
and had a hand in instigating three wars.
They have incontestibly been a part and
parcel of the German militarism which
twice has brought Europe and most of the
world to the brink of disaster.
If Alfred Speer, the Johnny-come-lately
boss of German war production, was
judged a fit companion of Goering et al in
the first war crimes trial, then by all logic
young Krupp has his turn coming — and
high time.
SECOND SUMMER
Apropos the marvelous weather this
section has been enjoying at a time of the
year when it is normally cold and dis
agreeable, the Christian Science Monitor,
directing attention to the fact that the
phenomenon is practically universal,
peints out that, more important than the
nice weather itself, is the manner in which
various communities take advantage of it
—some accepting it as a matter of course,
others as an opportunity to do the unus
ual. In this connection the Monitor says:
“Indian Summer, the early American
gettlers called it. One wonders what they
would have called it if they had firgt no
ticed it, say, in London, or in Paris, or in
New York City. Indians are fairly scarce
in all these places. But the year’s second
and brief summer comes to all three alike.
“London’s families, or what's left of
them when the breadwinner has jumped
on Bus 73 from Richmond to ‘the City,’
pack a lunch and start for Kew, not ‘in
lilac time,” to be sure, but on a day when
Kew nevertheless is worth going down to.
“Paris families wander in the Bois de
Boulogne, among the yellow-barked plane
trees that add a strange light to that of
the waning afternoon.
“New York keeps more to its usual busy
ways, but not without a glance for the
mists that steal down among the tall build
ings, catching slanting sun rays and delin
eating sharp shadows athwart the rectan
gular masses of Gotham architecture.
“So many places have an Indian Sum
mer where no one says more about it than
that it’s a lovely .day today. Others may
mark this epilogue with designations un
known to American ears. The British have
a name for it; they call it Michaelmas
Summer.
“But it isn’t what you call it that mat
ters. It’'s what you do with it. Are you
having a nice second summer?”
It just goes to show what a little honest
competition will do. Pretty soon the price
of meat will be way down all over the
country.—Albert Grenwald, Indianapolis
meat market proprietor, on cutting price
of liver to 15 cents a pound in two-shop
‘“price war.”
We spent 10 years appeasing our ene
mies. It did not give us peace. Are we now
to spend the next decade appeasing our
allies? — Rep. Walter H. Judd (R) of
Minnesota.
They (teachers) have the idea that
profit is nasty and that the man who runs
industry is greedy. They do not realize
that profit is the life blood of American
life.—Tell Berna, manager National Ma
chine Tool Builders Association.
A veteran who lies idle for a year, liv
ing on unemployment checks in a period
when jobs are more plentiful than they
may be later, might find it hard to get
work when his readjustment allowance
ends. — General Omar Bradley, Veterans
Administrator. j
The most persistently repeated charge
against broadcasters is that we permit ad
vertising excesses. Are we guilty? It is my
opinion that we are, and I am sure most
broadcasters agree. — William S. Paley,
chairman Columbia Broadcasting System.
It is an undeniable and disturbing fact
that an amazingly large proportion of
American readers are not convinced that
the press is really free.—John S. Knight,
president American Society of Newspaper
Editors. ‘ y el
There are 13 or 14 very able men in the
Kremlin who hold all Russia and more
than a third of Europe in their control.—
Wir .tcon Churchill. .
e et ettt
The Germans follow certain rules, but
Tito’s forces have none. Merely for a citi
zen to remark that he would like to go to
the United States would be enough for
him to be jailed or killed. — Jacqueline
Sainte Anne of New York City, ballet dan
cer back from a year in Yugqslavia. :
[ The Chinese were the first to use stamp
limpressiona ond - i
THY BANNER-HERALD, ATHENS, GEORGIA,
' Behind-The-Scenes-Worker:
MARIAN CARTER, VITAL FACTOR
OF “AMERICA'S TOWN MEETING,”
NEVER MAKES STAGE APPEARANCE
: When “America’s Town Meei
ing” comes to Ataens on Thurs
day evening, Nov. 21, the audi
ence in the University of Georgia
| Fine Arts Auditorium may not
!realize it, but a large part of the
|work on this nationally famous
program has been done by a
| strikingly attractive woman ex
lecutive who never appears on
{the stage — Marian Carter, Di
| rector of the Radio Forum Di
vision of Town Hall in New Yotk
| city.
i Marian Carter, w 0 holds
{down one of the stiffest jobs in
'radio, shoulde s the responsibil
ity of securing the speakers for
this renowned forum. And that
lisn’t easy, for every week the
program must stay “on top of the
news” at tae same time present
'the most authoritative speakers
'on both sides of the subject.
Highlights Meeting
“How We Can Avoid a De
| pression” will be the subject of
|the AYens broadcast, which is
to highlight the two-day meet
ing of the Georgia Radio Insti
tute on the University campus.
‘ Itis up to Mrs. Carter to watch
[the cur-ent events with an eagle
‘eye and detect situationg which
‘might develop into international
‘or national issues of interest to
'the general public; to know what
j‘views are Held by outstanding
|leaders on important questions
of the moment which may be
come “America’s Town Meeting”
topics; and then to secure these
speakers for the program. In
iorder to manage this Herculean
!job, Mrs. Carter reads nine or
|ten newspapers a day, innumer
jable monthly magazines, and
'keeps an ear tuned to the radio
for possible speakers for “Amer:«
ca Town Mgting.”
! In approaching potential
speakers, Mrs. Ca~ter finds that
'many of taem while firm in their
Econvictions, are reluctant to
{voice these over a national hook
lup. For instance. during election
| year, some politicians like to
smoke-sceen their voting rec
ords and maintain a discreet si
|lence over causes in which they
iare interested. Industrialists are
often reluctant to speak on the
labor question. Many groups
have taei~ tahoos and it ® takes
the proper kind of persuasion to
inveigle them into permitting
members to take a stand.
An Tlllinois girl, Mrs. Carter
came to New York upon gradua
{tion from Denison University in
Oh‘o. Here she landeq a job as
hostess at NBC. Three months
after hier initiation in radio, she
decided that if she were to get
ahead in this field, she would
have to be a self-starter. If ra
dio had nothing to offer *er at
|the moment, she would have to
offer it something new. So she
worked out several original pro
gram ideas, and resigned her
self to being a hostess for life,
she was offered a job as assis
ltanf. to Margaret Cuthbert of
ABC.
Directs Programs
Continuing onwa*d and up
ward with the Arts, Mrs. Carter
switched to CBS ang. within a
few months was placed in charge
of daytime programs for CBS.
Among ner projects wad a series,
discussing the planning of me
dium-priced homes. In 1935,
when the government’s Resettle
ment Administration was plan
ning a series of dramatic’ and
factual programs on housing,
they called upon Marian to or
ganize and divect thig for them.
During tßjs time, she met
George V. Denny, jr., the mod
erator and originator of ‘“Amer
jea’'s Town Meeting,” who was
looking for an able assistant.
Through him, she obtained a
Rockefeller Foundation. Radio
Fellowship .whida placed her on
the Town Hall Staff for a year’s
tria] period during which time
she was to study the methods
and organization of %ais group,
write a thesis on it, and make
recommendations far #ts im
provement and extension into
communities.
[ One of her outstanding
achievements there was to insti
gate a complete catalogue on
'every topic of public _interest
and its exponents in print. or on
the speakers’ platform. This list
containeq 3,000 names and many
catagories of subiects. Speakers
are rated on this list and from
it comes the oratorg for “Ameri
ca’s Town Meeting.”
It is now eigat years since
Mrs. Carter came to “America’s
Town Meeting.” She started out
as a genera] handyman and is
now George Denny’s alter cere
bric ego.
You can’t turn your mind on
at 9 a. m., and shut. it off at 5
p. m., on Marian’s job. It's a
|24-hour-a-day business, because
'ag every reporter knows, what's
news one minute is a dead mack
eral the next. One of the first
principles of an executive is to
be a self-starter. You can’t wait
for someone ¢o give you the “go”
sign r “let George do it”, you do
it vourself.
NO BETTER
ASPIRIN FflOR P
of headache or neuralgia, periodic
functions, and discomforts of colds
than fine St. Joseph Aspirin...
aspirin at its best! And:you save
about a third on thke family size
bottle of 100 tablets for only 35¢.
ASPIRIfi%IOG
THE TEACHER CRISIS
(Continued from Ceiumn One.)
lars—not too much—for a bpeace
time army and navy which is near
ly six times as much as we pay for
the education of twenty-five mil
lion children. and youth. Yet we
know that the strength of a demo
cracy lies in an ‘educated citizenry.
Georgia, in recent years, has
made great progress in financing
public education, but the patfern
of disparity still-exists. . The fifty
per cent increase in teachers’
salaried provided by the state this
year will do more to improve rural
education in Georgia than any.one.
thing that has occurred in recent
years. State funds for teachers’
salaries come in the main from
appropriation made by the Gen
eral Assembly and the equalization
fund. Salaries are paid ¥rom the
appropriation fund for ten months
in the year. There are three factors
that enter into the distribution of
the appropriation fund; the aver
age daily attendance in the local
school system, density of popula
tion, and the qualification of the
teachers employed.
For example, cities with 10,000
population and over and counties
with a population density of 200
or more to the square mile are
allotted by the State one teacher
for each forty pupils or major
fraction thereof in average daily
attendance in the elementary
grades (1 -7), and one teacher for
each thirty-five pupils or major
fraction thereof in average daily
attendance in the high school
grades (8 - 11). In counties with
a population of less than nineteen
per square mile one teacher is
allotted for every twenty pupils or
major fraction thereof in average
daily attendance in the elementary
schools and one teacher for every
fifteen pupils or major fraction
thereof in average daily atten
dance in the high school. The state
contributes towards the salaries of
poth types of school systems for
ten months out of the year from
the appropriation fund. The rural
schools generally draw two addi
tional months salaries for teachers
from the ‘equalization fund which
gives them twelve payments in the
year from the state towards teach
ers’ salaries.
Depends On Rank
The amount of money each
school system gets from the State
depends upon the rank of certifi
cates which the teachers in the
school system hold. The rank of
the teachers’ certificates is based
upon academic and professional
training and experience. Rural
schools generally draw SIBOO.OO
per year for every white teacher
employed who holds a college de
gree and has six years of success
ful teaching experience; whereas,
the cities of 10,000 population and
over draw only $1500.00 per year
for a teacher holding the same
rank of certificate and in some
cases only for approximately one
half of the teachers employed. Un
der the law all white, teachers em
ployed to teach who hold this rank
of certificate, must be paid a mini
mum salary of SIBOO.OO per year
regardless of where they work
This in turn means that boards of
education in cities and denseley
populated areas must supplement
from local funds the salary of '
teachers allotted to them by the
state $300.00 per year and pay the
full salary of all other teachers
employed. Thus the boards of edu
cation in these areas could not in
crease salaries of teachers fifty
percent, but could and did so far
as the writer knows, allocate all
increased funds received from the |
state to teachers salaries. This
statement is not a criticism but an
‘explanation of the distribution ofl
state funds. The primary purpose
of increased state support in re
cent years has been to equalize
educational opportunities through- |
out the state.
Salaries Increased |
In Athens, through the coopera
tion of the citytion of the city
city council, the -Board of Educa
} tion has increased teachers salaries
considerably during the past sev
eral years. But here, as in the
state and nation, disparity still
prevails. In 1939 a college degree
teacher with six years of teaching
experience in Athens received an
annutl salary of $1232.00, in 1943
- $1400.00, in 1946 $1694.00, and for
the school year 1946-47 approxi
mately $1880.00; the exact amount
depending upon final adjustment
of state appropriation. But during
recent years two things have hap
pened to the average teacher’s
salary. Whereas most teachers paid
little, if any, income tax before
the war approximately $212.00 of
an. SIBOO.OO salary now goes to
federal’ taxation. This is as it
should be, for teachers, as other
citizens, should contribute towards
the expense of government. The
$1588.00 she has remaining of this
salary is now worth a little more
than fifty cents on the dollar. The
difference in the cost of living and
the standard of the schools make
it necessary for Athens to have a
salary scale for teachers higher
than that prescribed by the State.
Other cities-in the State are sup
plementing the state salary
schedule for teachers. Athens
must do likewise in erder to at
tract good teachers.
| This is a condition that faces
’not only Athens but the State of
Georgia and the nation as a whole.
It must be solved by the American
people themselves. The lack of the
solution of the problem explaias
in,part why teachers are leaving
the profession: coliege students are
shunning teacher preparation; and
boa.rds of education are experi
encing difficulty in employing
competent and well trained teach
ers. Human resources constitute
the greatest asset of any commun
ity, state or nation. We cannot af
ford to neglect these resources.
The teacher is the key to their de
velopment.
Franklin County
Couple Killed
By Shotgun Blast
(Continnes frews lage One)
said he was héld for the sheriff of
Franklin county in which Roy
ston is located. No -charges had
haan nlasad asanst tha nagrn,
Sheriff T. W. Andrews of
Franklin County ‘ identified the
two as W. A. “Buck” . Carnes,
married and the father of three
children,”and Mrs. Walter Webb,
married and the mother of a 14-
year-old girl.
They were found by a group of
negroes in a cotton field on a
road -about a mile-Southwest of
Royston which is located in
Northeast Georgia near the South
Carolina line.
Carnes-had been shot through
the lower jaw and Mrs. Webb had
been shot through the breast. Mrs.
Webb’s watch had stoppdd at
9:50 the sheriff said, indicating
the shooting had occurred at that
time last night.
The door of the car, a model
A Ford sedan was open and
Carnes’ foot was hanging out
side. The sheriff said the gun
«aots had been fired from close
range.
A coroner’s jury returned a
verdict that they were killed “by
party or ,parties unknown.”
Ca nes was engaged in farm
ing here amnd was route mana
ger for the Anderson, S. C., In
dependent, a newspaper. Carnes
was about 45 years old, friends
said. Mrs. Webb was in her thir
ties.
Mrs. Webb’s husband was en=-
gaged in farming. She was the
daughter of Matt Fortson, also a
prominent farmer. A
Sheriff Carey Carter of near
by Hart county joined Sheriff
Andrews(in 43e investigation and
agents of the Georgia Bureau of
Investigation also were called in.
Wher f spu
'Cold o
W
-
N cou oiComrouTs
ottle
Relief for'These]
\éf"élrseflszme
/Q‘/P Miseries
QLN e
1.~ Headuche. 2.—"Stuffed-up’y Nose.
3.—Minor Throat Irritation. 4.—Cough
due to a cold. 5.—"A11-over” Musculos
Aches. 6.—"'Choked-up’”’ Feeling.
When ‘a cold strikes, act ” @
immediately for quick re- E> 2._"
lief! Use 666 Cold Prepa- g
ration (tablee or liquid). , ’,O P
Notice how it snaps into "‘ 2.'.7;"‘-
altion to start soothing re- ‘\\' NG ‘
fief for cold miseries—in J)
just 6 seconds! For ove’ 0y |
45 years, milliogs have turned to famous prés
scription type 666 for relief of cold miseries.
% ’l'ry it! ®
coLp pununon}
TABLETS OR LIQUID/
CAUTION: .TAKE, ONLY AS DIRECTED
-
&mfi.&:’ :
c’%% Beginning the week of November 18th we will gin on
“‘g,gk Wednesdays, Thursdays and. Fridays only until further notice.
Available for Immediate Delivery
NEW RIVER STOKER COAL
By-Product Chestnut. Coke
FUEL OIL FIRE BRAND FAT PINE KINDLING
WARM MORNING STOVES, Plain and Cabinet Models
Closing Hours:
Week Days 5 P. M.
Saturdays 12 P. M.
Armstrong & Dobbs, Inc.
COAL, FUEL OIL AND COTTON GINNING
D. E. WILLIAMS, President. J. N. HARTFORD, Vice-President.
C. W. STRUDEL, Office Manager. CHARLIE WILLIAMS, Charge Oil Sales.
MOTHER AND DAUGHTER -
BOTH PRAISE RETONGA
“l] Felt So Worn-Out That
Often I Did Not See How |
Could Make It Through
The .Day,”” Says Mrs.
Chambliss. E v e r y body
"Ought To Know About
Retonga, She States.
“Acid indigestion pulled me
down until some days I could
hardly keep going. My mother
had obtained happy relief through
Retonga and insisted that I try it
too, and it gave me the same
wonderful relief it gave her,”
happily declares Mrs. Martha
Chambliss, well-known resident
of 108 Del Park, Macon, Ga:.
“Food seemed to sour almost as
soon as I swallowed it,” contin
ued Mrs. Chambliss, “and sharp
gas pains felt like they would cut
A t ] ‘
UCTION.
. Monday, November 18
10:30 A. M., On Premises
ATHENS-MONROE HIGHWAY
J, F. LOCKLIN FARM
Located 12 miles from Athens on Athens,
Monroe and Atlanta paved highway, at Beth
abara Baptist Church, ,near Carither’s Mill.
This property consists of 400 cres, three
dwellings; is subdivided into small tracts.
Land is in high state of cultivation, has daily
bus service from Athens to Atlanta and school
bus to high scohol. This is one of Oconee
County’s best farms and is located in the
finest farming section of the county.
Look this property over and buy some of
this land before value goes higher.
TERMS: 1-3 or more cash, balance in 1 and
2 years at 5% interest payable annually.
BARBECUE DINNER SERVED ON GROUND.
NYLON HOSE GIVEN AWAY
DAY OF SALE.
For Further ‘lnformation Call
SMITH-BOLEY-BROWN, Inc.
or W. W. SCOTT
Phone 9 and 117-], Athens, Ga.
SELLING AGENTS
Buford, Georgia.
FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 15, 1944
me in two. The gas presg
against my chest gWas likeui)ii#
choked, and I was troubleq , i
by vinegar-like warm water o
ings. Sleep did not seem 1, res
me and I felt -sesworn.oyt whe,
got up that often T didn't sec |,
I could make it through the day
“In my case Retonga brough
the same blessedrelief it gy b
mother. I eat fithing I choog
now without distress, My seep ,
restful, T feel “strong enoygp 4,
work, and I am" just like m
mother in feeling that everyq,,
shoul dknow about Retongs
Retonga is inténded to rejjey
distress due "to” insufficient f]y,
of digestive juicés in the sigy,
ach, loss of appetite, Viatmin 3.
deficiency and ecenstipation A,
cept no substitute. Retonga my
be obtained at Crow’s Dy
Store. i) (ady,