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Vol. 1
15, No. 185,
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MARSHALL OFF TO RIO
President Truman bids farewell to Secretary of State George C. Marshall, Sena
tor Arthur Vandenberg and Senator Warren Austin as the group left Washing
ton National Airport for Rio de Janeiro where they will attend the Inter-American
Defense Conference.—NEA Telephoto. - Ta
Riots Grip Punjah
As Pakistan State
KARACHI, Aug. 14 —(AP)—
Viceroy Lorq Mountbatten re
linquished the reins of British
power today to the new Moslem
dominion of Pakistan, the birth
of which at midnight tonight he
called “an event of history.”
“Tomorrow,” -the Viceroy de
clared in a farewell address be
fore the Pakistan Constituent As
sembly, ‘“two new sovereign
states will. take their -place in the
commonwealth; not young na=-
tiops but heirs of an old and
proud civilization; full indepen
dent states whose leaders are
statement already known ang re
spected througnout. the world;
not immature governments, or
weak, but fit to carry on their
great share of responsibility for
peace and progress in the world.”
Surrender Power
The Viceroy returns to New
Delhi tomorrow to surrender
British power to’ Hindu India and
Lecome governor general of that
new dominion.
Even as he spoke in Karacht,
blood was being spilled in com
munal strife in the Junrjab, where
fighting between Moslems on the
one hand and Sikus and Hindus
on the other reached new heights
of destruction and. violence.
Lahore, the capital of the vest
northern province which is being
split between Moslem Pakistan
ond Hindu India, counted its cas
valties in the hundreds after long
hous of rioting and flames swept
through much of the city. The
fishting also fanned out into
Amritsar and other outlying areas
of the Punjab.
Thousands Cheer
In this predominately Hindu
city, thousands of cheering per
sons lined the route from gov
ernment house to the Constituent
Assembly Hall waving~green and
white Pakistan flags as Mount
batten passed. The gate through
which the official cars entered
the Assembly Hall compound was
named for Mahomed Ali Jinnav,
while the exit was named for
Liaquat Ali Khon. Both are lead
ers of the Moslem League.
Inside the hall, Mountbatten,
the last Viceroy of India, wished
success to the new dominion of
Pakistan. ;
Jinnah, president of the Mos
lem League and the leading ad
vocate for Pakistan, already has
been chosen governor-general of
the new dominion anq president
of its constituent assembly.
ATHENS AND VICINITY
Partly cloudy with little
temperature change through
Friday. Secattered thunder
showers Friday afternoon.
GEORGIA: Partly cloudy
and not much change in tem
peratures through Friday.
Scattered thundershowers Fri
day afternoon and sver south
portion this afternoon.
TEMPERATURE
Highest 2. eeh B
Lowsst ~ = ek oo 08
Meah ... . L ae e
Norfgisl = o= i
RAINFALL
Inches last 24 hours .. .. .00
Total since August 1 .... 2.32
Excess since August 1 .. .22
Average August rainfall . 4.67
Total since January 1 . ..31.33
Deficit since January 1 .. 1.23
ATHENS BANNER-HERALD
End Of Rule Over India Increases
Britain's Economic Difficulfies
LONDON, Aug 14—(AP)—
Britain, beset by an. economic
crisis at home, faced today the
'prospect of new trade difficulties
stemming from the establishment
of an independent India.
The Indian Independence Act,
sealed by King George VI last
month, does more than end 90
years of direct British rule over
this country’s richest possession,
which the merchant adventurers
of London began exploiting 350
years ago under a royal charter
granted by Queen Elizabeth.
. _Two Dominions
It creates the two new inde
pgndfi,-f “temporary” Dominions
‘of Hindu India and Moslem Pakis
tan and for the first time since the
17th century gives the sprawling
sub-continent’s 400,000,000 people
control over their political des
tinies and economie resources.
The Dominion status which In
dia and Pakistan are assuming is
by no means permanent. Each has
set up its own constituent assem
bly and each will choose its own
Constitution, with the ultimate
option of becoming sovereign na
tions totally independent of the
British Commonwealth.
Leave Commonwealth ‘
However, the general expecta
tion in London is that India will‘
declare herself a Soyereign Re
public ‘and guit the Common
wealth, while Pakistan will re
main a Dominion. ‘
If both countries decide to leave
the empire, the consequences for
Britain will be incalculable. J
Many Children Are
Learning To Swim
In The Legion Pool
As a result of the activities and
cooperation of Allen R. Fleming
Post No. 20 of the American
Legion, several hundred Athens
children who did not know how
to swim at the beginning of sum
mer, will have learned to take care
of themselves in the water.
This was revealed today by Ros
coe - Long, commander of the
Legion post which operates the
big swimming pool on Lumpkin
street.
“We have had a large number
of parents express their apprecia
tion to the Legion for its summer
program at the pool, many saying
that our program. of instruction
under trained teachers will un
doubtedly result in the saving -of
lives in the future”, Commander
Long said.
The Legion post head said that
the Red Cross. is carrying on a
program of instruction on Tues
day.and Friday mornings, with the
Girl Scouts operating a similar
program on Wednesday mornings.
Thursday mornings, Mr. Long said,
finds the big pool being used by
scores of children receiving in
structions in swimming under di
rection of the City Recreation De
partment, of which Wayne Shields
%s director. Hours for the various
programs of these organizations
are from 11 a. m. until noon.
Much new equipment has been
added and other equipment re
placed by more modern and bet
ter equipment, Commander Long
said, adding that “Of course, our
filter system insures freedom from
germs and disease, since the water
in the pool is tested daily by the
City Health Department.” Com
mander Long also said that with
the advent of the really hot sea
son, a rise in afternoon attendance
is expected, especially in view of
the fact that the swimming season
does not have too long to run.
Full Associated Press Service
Economically, it will mean she
will have to compete for the vast
subcontinental trade market on
equal terms with the rest of the
world’s producer countries.
Even if she were able to main
tain her present most-favored-na
tion trade links with both states,
Britain would certainly find it
more difficult to reap ‘the ad
vantages of the monopolistic two
way traffic in goods and raw ma
terials which have accrued to her
over the past 300 years.
12 Nazi Attendants
Sentenced To Deaih
For War Afrocities
DAUCHAU, Germany, Aug. 14
—(AP)—An (finefican War
Cgimes Court day sertenced
22° Buchenwald Concentration
Camp attendants to hang for
atrocities committed against in
mates during the Nazi regime.
Five others were sentenced to
life imprisonment, among them
Frau Ilse Koch, widow of the
former Buchenwald comman--.
dant, who is expected to give
birth next month to a baby con
ceived while a prisoner. 1
One defendant was sentenced '
to 20 years imprisonment, two !
to 15 years and one to 10 years. J
The 31 defendants were con
victed Tuesday after a four
months trial.
More than 50,000 prisoners
died in the notorious camp,
which was situated on the out
skirts of Weimar, a quiet town
in Thuringia province famed as
the residence of the German poet
Goethe.
Among those condemmed to
die were Hermann Pister, a
former camp commandant, and
Max Shobert, former camp
leader. .
Former U. S. Citizen
{Those sentenced to life im
prisonment included Edwin Kat
zenellenbogen, a former Ameri
can citizen, selected from among
the inmates to become a trusty,
and former Prince Josias Wald
eck, a high-ranking S. S. (elite
guard) officr and the first Ger
man of Royal blooa to be tried
for war crimes. .
- The courtroom, where several
hundred Germans have been
tried for war crimes in the last
two years, was jammed as the
Court President, Brig. Gen. Emil
C. Keil, read the sentences.
Most of the defendants re
ceived their sentences with out
ward calm.
A doctor was in attendance
for Frau Koch, because of her
advanced pregnancy. The hard
faced, redhaired widow, who al
legedly shared the camp rule
with her commandant husband,
was accused of having prisoners
killed so she could make lamp
shades, purses and book-bind
ings out of their tatooed skin.
She ‘tried unsuccessfully to es
cape trial because of her preg
nancy, which has never been of
ficially explained. Her husband
was executed by the Nazis sev
eral years ago.
It has been estimated that ap
proximately 250,000 prisoners
were held in the Buchenwald
camp at one time or another
during the Nazi regime.
After the German surrender,
the late Lt. Gen. George ». Pat
ton, jr., forced groups of German
civilians to view the scenes of
horror which American troops
found in the camp in order to
(Continued On Page Fight)
o’Mahoney Asserts
‘Private Rationing’
Prevails In U. S.
WASHINGTON, Aug. 14—(AP)
—Senator O'Mahoney (D-Wyo)
said today Congress must choose
between encouraging “an intelli
gent program of stimulating pro
duction” and continuing to allow
“private rationing” of such pro
duets as automobiles, gasoline and
steel.
The Wyoming Senator told re
porters the investigation into
prices of food, clothing and hous
ing ordered by Attorney General
Clark is a “fine thing” but that
“the causes of inflation are much
deeper than a search for extortion
ate profits.” b
O’Mahoney is a member of the
Joint Congressional Committee on
the economic report which is
scheduled to open its own coast-to
coast inquiry next menth into ris
ing living costs. ‘
“Perhaps it ought to be pointed
out,” O’Mahoney said, “that evi
dence before the committee shows
that the automobile industry, by
private understanding, is ration
ing the output of automobiles. The
steel industry is rationing the out
put of steel.
War Ratio :
“In each instance, products are
distributed according to the ratio
of distribution before the war.
. “Now the major oil com
'panies are undertaking to ration
petroleum products.” v
. O’'Mahoney said he believes
there is no basis for any anti-trust
action in connection with any dis
tribution agreements prompted by
scarcities. But the Senator added:
“Congress will have to’ decide
whether the government should
wash its hands of the dilemma
and allow big business to decide
how the products of this country
shall be distributed, or whether
we should undertake an intelligent
program of stimulating production,
so that business users and indi
vidual consumers will not be sub
ject to. rationing either by gov-|
ernment or business.” |
i Asked just what kind of a pro
duction . stimulating program he
‘has in_mind, O’'Mahoney said only
that the problem could be solved
if businessmen and politicians,
separately, “would stop trying to
take advantage of one another.”
“The trouble is,” he went on,
“Somebody always wants to put
somebody else in the hole”” -
Political Issues :
Deploring what he called the in
jection of political issues into the
price situation, O’'Mahoney declar
ed:
“This is not a political question.
It is an economic question. It can
'not be solved by political cam
paigning for the next presidential
election, but only by intensive
'study now.” |
~ O’Mahoney is known to be cri
tical of the Joint Committee’s de
cision to wait until next month to
begin its study into the rise of
consumer prices. |
Senator Taft (R-Ohio), chair-i
man of the group and widely men
tioned as an aspirant for the GOPI
presidential nemination, said be
fore he left for a Canadian vaca-i
tion that it would be' difficult to
get committee members together
before fall.
O’Mahoney said he has no doubt
that the committee, in its forth
coming hearings, “will be interest
ed in looking into the whole prob
lem of profits.”
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ALLEGEL CAR THIEF GIVES POLICE A BATTLE
Louis Bressler, alleged car thief, struggles with po
lice following his capture in Philadelphia, Pa., after he
wrecked the car he was driving during a cross-town
chase with several squad cars.—NEA Telephoto.
ESTABLISHED 1832
Athens, Ga., Thursday, August 14, 1947.
U.S. Gives Russia Week
In United Korea Attempt
'Kenneth M. Henson
"
Among Candidales
Passing Bar Exam
One Athenzan, Kenneth Mar
shall Henson, was among forty
one candidates from the Western
Judicial Circuit who passed the
recent examination for admission
to the Georgia, K Bar.
Announcement of the names
and addresses of successful candi
lda\tes was made today by Judge
Henry H. West' of the Western
Circuit. Those successfully stand
ing the. examination, in addition
to Mr. Henson were:
Fred L. Belcher, Pelham; John
D. Capers, Augusta; Gilbert Co=
hen, Atlanta; David Rice Eimore,
| Savannah; Sam Johnson Gardner,
jr., Savannah; Dénmark Groover,
jr., Quitman; John Burke Harris,
jr.. Macon; Wendell V. Harris,
Ringgold; Omar Ichabod Hays,
'\ Columbus; Charles G. Houston,
!jr., Augusta; James M. Hull, jr.,
lAugusta. X
Charley M. Lokey, Atlanta;
'Thomas Oliver Marshall, jr.,
' Americus; James Anderson
Moore, Hogan; Marion Wallace
!Morgan, Augusta; James Frank
ll\’[yers. Americus; Dan MacDou-~
;gald, jr., Atlanta; Mavy A. Mc-
Cravev, Baxley; Pope Barrow
Mellntire, Savannah; John Joseph
Nilan, Columbus. .
William Joseph Patterson, jr.,
Macon; Tom Coke Penland,
Blairsville; Robert Walter Rey
nolds, Albany: Heard Robertson.}
Augusta; William Eugene Roun
tree, Swainsboro; Carl Edward!
Sanders, Augusta; Herbert Jack
Short, Doerun; Billy Buchanan
Slocumb, Doerun; George Thorne
well Smith, Camilla.
Oscar Marvin Smith, jr.. Val
dosta; William Osborne Solms,
Savannah Beach; Morgan Calla
({Continued On Page Eight)
Winds Rage Within
Core Of Hurricane
~ NEW ORLEANS, Aug. 14—
AP)--Winds estimated at near
hy 90 miles an hour raged within
the core of a hurricane sweeping
today toward the coast of Mexico
North of Tampico.
The Weather Bureau reported
the disturbance was moving in a
Northwesterly direction at about
15 miles an hour.
Squalls extended outward
nearly 300 miles to the East and
North of the storm center.
Small ecraft along the Texas
coast from Corpus Christi to
Brownsville were warned.
BABY BITTEN BY
RABID SKUNK
LOST CREEK, W. Va., Aug. 14.
—(AP)—Bitten on the finger by
a rabid skunk, 18-months-old
James Tucker today was receiv
ing anti-rabies treatment.
County Veterinarian Wilbur L.
Rehkempner said Mrs. James R.
Tucker found the skunk standing
on her baby as he sat playing in
his yard here on Monday.
The animal was chased and
killed by the child’s grandfather.
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LEADS PARAGUAYAN TROOPS ACAINST REBELS
Paraguayan rebels burst into the center of Para
guay’s capital of Asuncion and captured the residence
of President Higino Morigno. General Francisco Cabal
lero Alvarez, left, commander of Paraguay’s Govern
ment troops now in action against the rebels is shown
at a recent meeting with his aides at his headquarters
on the fighting front.—NEA Telephoto.
Truman's Support
On Prices Given 1
WASHINGTON, Aug. 14.—(AP)
—President Truman expressed
his wholehearted support today of
‘the Justice Department’s investi
gation of the high cost of feod,
lclothing and housing.
He said he hopes it will pro
‘duce results and he thinks it
will. :
But he told & news conference,
in reply to a question, that he
believes the principal effect will
'be to point to those responsible
for high prices rather than to
check the spiral.
Asked wkhether he believed an
ti-trust wviolations are responsible
for the hike in prices, he replied
the results of the inquiry will
have to be awaited on that.
In answer to a question wheth
er exports of corn will have to
be curtailed due to the shortage,
he said that it is under consider
ation by the cabinet world food
committee.
Other Questions
The news conference covered a
wide range of other questions:
V-J Day—Mr. Truman said he
anticipated when he signed the
proclamation ending hostilities
with Japan two years ago, that
warring nations would have ar
rived at a peaceful settlement by
this time, but he regrets that that
has not been so.
He addetp, however, that he was
still hopeful for yorld peace to
benefit all peoples.
As for contentions that the
dropping of the atomic bomb on
Hiroshima was unnecessary, he
recalled whimsically that when
he went to school some bright
young man discussed the maneu
vers that Generals Lee and Meade
should have made at Gettysburg.
The professor remarked, he
said, that any school boy’s after
thoughts of course were more‘r
valuable than any general’s fore
thoughts. 3 |
He said he regretted he had to
make the decision to drop the
bomb but he still believes it was
necessary and he believes it
possibly saved another 250,000
American lives. |
Politics
Politics — The President said
hLe had not approved any site for
the Democratic National Conven- ‘]
tion in 1948, adding that is a’
mater for the party’s
National Committee to decide. He
said he will be in favor of any
city the committee selects. ‘
As for a new chairman ini
event Robert E. Hannegan re
signs as heaq of the committee,
the President said that too, is
a matter for the commitee.
He declined to say whether Sec
retary of Agriculture Anderson.
will take Hannegan's committeel
120, but said he thinks very high
1y of Anderson, |
Labor |
Labor —the President saidi‘
that cne accomplishment of the
last Congress was to tear up the‘
Labor Department. A reporter‘
wanted to know if Mrs. Truman
was considering putting the U. S.
Unem{ployment Compensation
‘Commission under that Depart
‘ment and he replied it is being
conside~ed. 5
' The reporter wanted to know
iif the Department was being torn
‘up and the President replied it
lcan‘t be permanently torn up any
' more than any other department
. (Continued On Pasze Seven)
A. B. C. Paper—Singie Copy, 5¢
Thoughtfulness Of
Late A. G. Dudley
Benefits Employes
During his life-time the late
A. G. Dudley, whose recent
death removed one of this
community’s most valuable
eitizens, performed many acts
of thoughtfulness towards
others of which the general
+public was never aware.
Some of these became known,
but by far the greater num
ber did not.
One such instance came to
light today when the more
than 500 employes of the Ath
ens Manufacturing Company
received their pay checks.
As is customary when the
head of a business dies, the
company plants remained
closed the day of the funeral.
Mr. Dudley had anticipated
this and one of the final re
quests he made was that even
though the plants be closed,
every worker in the plants
should be paid for the full day,
Just as would have been the
case had the plants been in
operation, D. D. Quillian, gen
eral manager of the mill, said
today.
For that reason employes
were pleasantly surprised
when they received their pay
today and found the money for
a full day on which they did
not work. The extra day’s pay
ran into several thousand
dollars.
School Officials
Hold Final Session l
Tomorrow At 9 A. M.
The final session of the School
Administrators Annual Planning
Conference being held on the Uni
versity of Georgia Campus will
begin Friday morning at 9 a. m.,
with Harold Saxon, secretary,
Georgia Education Association
presiding. i
The first part of the session will !
be devoted to a report of the com- |
mittee on school transportation
followed by a general discussion
and evaluation. At 10:30 a sum
mary of the conference and recom- ‘
mendations will be led by L. M.
Lester, director of teacher train-*
ing and certification, State De
partment of Education.
The first session got underway
Wednesday afternoon at 2:30 when
school superintendents from all
over the state gathered in the'
Chapel to hear an address of wel- |
come and the conference outline |
by Dr. O. C. Aderhold, dean of |
the College of Education.
After organizing themselves in
to work committees, the adminis
trators adjourned to assigned study |
rooms to study the three majorl
problems which are currently fac-’
ing the majority of school systems |
of the state and around which thel
conference is centered——finance.i
transportation, and buildings. Dr.!
R. L. Johns, professor of school
administration, University of
Florida, and an authority on
School Finance will serve as the
advisor to the finance committee;
Dr. N. E. Viles, specialist for
school plant management, Office
' (Continned on Page Twe.) i
LOCAL COTTON
1-INCH MIDDLING .. .. 33%¢
WASHINGTON, Aug., 14 —
(AP) — The United States gave
Russia one week from today to
“put up or shut up” in American~
Soviet efforts to achieve a united
Korea.
Strippeq of its diplomatic lan
guage, that is the essence of Sec
retary of State Marshail’s leiter
to Soviet Foreign Minister Molo=
tov setting am August 21 dead
line for a repo~t on the long sta
lemated negotiations by a joint
commission in Seoul.
If the Russians fail to put up
by then WMarshall said, ‘*‘éach
government may immediately -
consider what further steps may
usefully be taken to achieve the
aims of the Moscow agreement, |
namely the establishment of an ;
independent, uniteq Korea which
can tak. its p'ace among the
United Nations.” ‘
~ “Put Up Or Shut Up”
American authorities who left
no doubt as to the new “put up
or shut up” attitude represented
Marshall as determined that the
Korean negotiations must not bog
down completely as have efforts
to reach agreements with the So
viets on some other issues.
While the letter made no men
tion of what “further steps” this
government might have in mind,
some officials suggested the Uni
ted States might take the issue
back to a four-power conference
in quest of some other method
for reaching an agreement.
As a last resort, they added,
this country might simply give
up the project and concentrate on
rebuilding southern Korea,
Marshall’s communication, de=
livered to the Kremlin Tuesday
by Ambassador Walter Bedell
Smith was made public by the'
State Department while the. secre
“tary was ‘en route by plane to
the Inter-American defense con
ference at Rio de Janeiro.
The Korean negotiations have
been deadlocked a second +me
since July 2,
Gromyko Charges
Inferference In
Greek Sifuafion
LAKE SUCGESS, Aug. 14—.
(AP) — Russia charged today
that “the crudest interference
into the internal affairs of
Greece emanates at present from
the United States.” .
This was interpreted immedis:
ately as a reference to the Tru
man Aid Program. st e e
Giving the United Nations Se-~
curity Council what he termed
“an answer to the American
speech made Monday, Soviet
Deputy Foreign Minister W
A. Gromyko said foreign inter~
ference was worsening the:situa=:
tion daily inside Greece.’
He also declared that former
Axis collaborators were holding
prominent positions in the Athens
government. :
Gromyko told the Council:
“The situation in Greece wor
' sens with every day because this
iforeign interference into the
'internal affairs of Greéce not
‘only is continuing but is also
strengthened. All the world
knows who is really interfering
into the internal affairs of
Greece and from what side
Greece is threatened with real
danger.” atih
~ Rejecting American charges:
)that Albania, Yugoslavia and
Bulgaria were supporting Coms
‘munists bands, Gromko laid the
blame at the door of the present
Greek government in which he
said “prominent positions are be=
ing occupied by people compro
mised in the past by their col«
laboration with the enemy.”
Speculation Continues
" Speculation continued in the
corridots over U. S. Deputy Del=
egate Herschel V. Johnson's dec=
laration that his government
“would not sit idly by” and be
frustrated by vetoes and that the
failure of the Council “cannot
preciude jndividual or collective
action by states willing to act.’
The apparent American stra
tegy was to force Gromyko into
continued use of the veto to
block action in the Council and
then throw the case to the 55-
nation General Assembly in
September.
The Council had two formal
resolutions on the table, both op
posed by Russia.. The first,
from Australia, calls upon Al
bania, Bulgaria, Yugoslavia and
Greece to cease provocations in
a truce order patterned along the
lines of the cease-fire order in
Indonesia.