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PAGE FOUR
ATHENS BANNER-HERALD
: ESTABLISHED 1832
Published Every Evening Except Saturday and Sunday and on Sunday Morning by Athens Pul
lishing Co. Entered at the Postoffice at Athens, Ga., as second class mail matter,
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ATIONS
DA“_Y lkfig?nly.rpeoplcowhlch are
called by my name, shall
humble themselves, and
pray, and seek my face,
and turn from their wicked
ways, then will T hear from heaven, and will
forgive their sin, and will heal their land.
2nd Chronicles, 7:14,
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T e ——
. r . r W .
Freight "Slippage’” so Russia
Bothgrs U.S Exgpon Officials
BY PETER EDSON
NEA Washington Correspondent
WASHINGTON—"SIippage” is the name gjiven to
the newest racket in international trade now bother
ing U. S. export control officials who are devising
new control methods to beat it.
Steel exports offer an example. THey may bé
shipped out of the United States to a destination in
Belgium or Holland. On paper the steel looks like
material to aid in European reconstruction. Un
loaded in Antwerp or Rotterdam, however, the
goods may be transshipped to Russia, Poland or oth
er countries behind the iron curtain.
Similarly, machine tools shipped to Switzerland
may find their way to Czechoslovakia and beyond.
Farm machinery for North Africa may go to
Yugoslavia, or to Syria or Lebanon and then to
Black Sea ports. Flour or other foodstuffs shipped
to Cuba or Brazil may also end up in Eastern Eu
rope.
What part of U. S. postwar exports have been
slipping away from countries of declared destination
is unknown. Some estimates put the figure as high
as 20 per cent, but that may be an exaggeration.
WARTIME CONTROLS RELAXED
During the war, all U. 8. exports were under
tight control, first through Board of Economic War
fare, then through Foreign Economic Administra~-
tion. But when Congress passed the Second Decon
trol Act a year ago, it specified that wartime con
trols should be ended as fast as possible. Trade was
to be returned to private enterprise. The only ex
port controls left were for the protection of supplies
at home.
Machinery for controlling exports became skimpy.
An exporter who wanted to ship goods abroad
merely filed application in triplicate with OIT-—Of
fice of Inter: :tional Trade—in Department of Com
merce. If the shipment applied for fell within quota
limits for any trade area like Europe or Latin Amer
ica, one copy of the application was stamped “Ap
proved,” and became an export license.
A rush of applications developed. Sharp traders
applied for licenses, then went hunting for
customers. Semetimes shipments were made a year
or more after the export license was granted.
This gave the crooks another chance to ciean up.
An exporter would get a license for say 12 tons of
flour to Cuba. When this was approved, it was no
trick to raise the license to 120 or 1200.
The reason these good businessmen to whom Con
gress wanted everything left under the glorious free
enterprise system could get away with this was
that there was no provision for enforcement. There
gvas no port inspection-to- make sure that license
agreed with dock release, export declaration, bill of
lading, or original application,
A few violators were nevertheless caught and
barred from further export trading. But there was
no penalty, so by and large they all got off easily.
Nobody knows how many didn’t get caught.
CONGRESSMEN GET WISE
When Congress came back last January there
was enough experience to make a case for tighter
control. Many congressmen were bothered by trans
shipments to Russia and her satellites.
- Regulations were therefore tightened. Quotas
‘were assigned to individual countries, instead of to
broad trade areas. A positive list of some 475 items
that could be shipped abroad was made up by OIT.
The compliance section of OIT, which had been one
man, was increased to 10—still not encugh.
Gradually, the controls are being put back on to
keep international traders honest, with the blessing
of Congress, Just before going home, Congress gave
OIT a $4,000,000 appropriation and authorized an
increase in its staff from 480 to 690.
Some new techniques of enforcement are being
sworked out. Instead of merely stamping approval
on an application, licenses may be printed on safety
paper so that figures and destinations can’t be
altered. A check-up system is proposed so that
license, declaration, dock release and bill of lading
must all agree.
Tighter controls on exports are absolutely essen
tial if the Marshall Plan recovery program is to be
a success. “Slippage” to iron curtain countries must
be prevented.
How to police this crooked business outside the
United States, where the American government has
no authority, is something of a problems Economic
Co-operation Administrator Paul Hoffman wants
to keep his own organization small. He is depending
on Department of Commerce export control ma
chinery to do the job fcr him.
One new enforcement device now being con
sidered is to make banks responsible for seeing that
export papers are in order before making payment
of funds to exporters having a piece of the Marshall
~ Plan business.
Loning Problems Are Sure
Evidence of Growing Pains
To zone or not to ‘zone seems to have
been the “burning question” in Athens
these past several months. The arguments
have been heated in spots, but this is not
an unhappy omen; on the contrary it is
one of the inevitable symptoms of grow
ing pains that strike a community during
periods of expansion, as well as evidence
of a healthy civic consciousness. It is from
such differences of opinion and discus
sions that a community usually profits,
since it demonstrates to those in authority
that neither side is going to take it “lying
down,” as a result of which greater dili
gence is applied to the matter of arriving
at just conclusions.
The Banner-Herald believes that most
of .our.people want Athens to be both
beautiful and prosperous, with due regard
for the protection of property values—
whether residential or business — and
that Athens is big enough to do that
without encroachment of one on the
other. However, this requires an intelli
gent approach and a conscientious plan
ning effort. It is our understanding that
studies in this connection are now under
way. What progress has been made, we
do not know, but we would impress upon
those in authority that we should not
plan for the present or the immediate
futurg alone, but that a long-time pro
gram should be envisioned and, when
perfected, it should be embodied in a
master zoning regulation that is calcu
lated to keep Athens residentially beau
tiful and at the same time provide for
business and industrial expansion in such
a way that possibility of conflict will be
reduced to a minimum.
The Disposition Of
lfaly's African Colonies
Americans may think they have a num
ber of vexing problems of government to
settle, and it is true that much will have
to be done to meet them, but the situation
here is nothing to compare with that ex
isting in Europe. There is not a nation in
Europe that is without almost insoluble
problems. It is doubtful whether any of
those problems can be successfully solved,
even with the assistance of the United
States, especially since the Soviet Union
opposes any suggested settlement save on
its own terms.
Just now Italy and her African colonies
occupy the spotlight. The Big Four are
studying those . problems, but there is
little hope that Russia will change her
opposing tacties. The outcome of the
Italian situation is problematical and in
the end may reach a state bordering on
war.
The situation in Italy just at the pres
ent time is encouraging to some extent in
that the Communists are not in control,
but the narrow margin of victory over the
Communists is such as to cause much
worry lest under Russian pressure the sit
uation there might be changed. The dis
position of Libya, Eritréa and Somaliland
‘must be passed on. Russia wishes them
to be placed under the control of the
United Nations. England, ¥rance and the
United States are doubtful of the wisdom
of such a step on account of the Russian
attitude. Should Communists later on gain
control of Italy and should Italy be given
the management of her colonies under
the United Nations, the situalion is envis
ioned of Communists, Russian-controlled,
completely dominating the Mediterranean
gateway to the Middle East.
England wants the control of Cyre
naica, the eastern part of Libya, and in
fact during the war promised that coun
try its independence. It is believed that
the disposition of Eritrea and Somaliland
can be arrived at without too much trou
ble, but Libya presents a more difficult
problem. It is quite certain that the West
ern Allies will never consent to a settle
ment that would make possible a Com
munist Italy and right across the Mediter
ranean, Libya under Communist domina
tion. That would be closing the Mediter
ranean defense gate und the advantage
of Gibraltar would disappear.
if the Arab states want peace with Is
rael they can have it. If they want war
they can have that, too.—Aubrey E. Eban,
Israel’s representative in the UN.
THE BANNER-HERALD, ATHENS, GEORGIA
ECHOES FROM MEMORYLAND
Judge Logan E. B,le.:kley‘s Idea As To A
Man Who Would Buy A Vote.
BY T. W. RELD
There are many things in the
life of Logan E. Bleckley that
can be recalled with interest. He
was twice Chief Justice of the
Supreme Court of Georgia and
was one of Georgia’'s greatest
lawyers.
At the present time when so
much is being revealed as to the
purchase of votes in Georgia
elections, it will not be amiss to
refer to a conversation the writ
er once had with that distin=
guished jurist on that subject.
Chancellor Walter B. Hill and
Judge Bleckley were close
friends. Judge Bleckley’s ‘home
was at Clarkesville,-®a., and ad
joining it Chancellor Hill had
his summer home.
It was my good forture 1o
spend a week one summer as
the guest of Chancellor Hill and
during that time I visited Judge
Bleckely, sat on his spacious
front porch, enjoyed the fresh
mountain air and the beautiful
mountain scenery that met my
eyes as I looked over to the
distant peaks of the Blue Ridge.
The lots _of Judge Bleckley
and Chancellor Hill stretched
several hundred yards behind
their houses down hill through a
lovely forest to a large spring
and one Sunday afternoon “Wwe
three walked leisurely down te
the spring and after remaining
there a while returned to enjoy
a delightful dinner. %
On the trip back to Oégsfif'ifie
Bleckley’s house we enjoyed ‘the
conversation that went on as we
walked along under the shade
of the beautiful trees. - Judge
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4
A .
Clayton Stree* Athens, Georgia
Y ited Ford Deale
Bleckley did most of the talking
as we were always ready to lis
ten to his words of wisdom. We
conversed on a number of top
ies and among them was the cor
ruption of the ballot through the
purchase of votes. All three of
us being strongly opposed to any
such practice.
Suddenly Judge Bleckley
stopped in a cool shady spot and
briefly gave us his views on
vote buying. He had a pair of
steel-gray eyes, set back in his
head and surmounted by heavy
eyebrows. When he fixed a
steady look on you, you fancied
he was reading your inmost
thoughts. ;
He reached out his long slim
arm and grasped me so as to
bring me directly in front of him
and fixed one of those steady
gazes on me and this is what
he said:
“Reed, did you ever stop to
think what a man thought of
himself when he bought another
man’s vote? I imagine that,
though he never would admit it,
:nw‘" an p\ r
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BUORLDS LARGEST !SELLER 'AT,IO;
" that he ‘realized that he was a
slfilthy, dirty, unprincipled skunk.
|1 cannot conceive that he could
| think otherwise. The man who
would sell his vote wouid merit
our condemnation, but not to the
\degree that would attach to the
'man who did the purchasing. He
'was by far the greater offender.
Ignorance, poverty, the support
of his family, his need for the
meney and other reasons could
be given as to vote-seller, none
of them valid excuses, however.
But nothing like that could be
said of the vote-buyer. As a rule
he occupies a more or less prom
mnent position in his community,
but essentally he is a bad and
dangerous citizen. As long as he
exercises in the affairs of a com
munity, he impedes every move
ment towards the establishment
of good government. The real
fight is to eliminate the vote
buyer. If you can get rid of him
the vote-seller will disappear.
'But don’t deceive yourself. You
will have a real job on your
hands getting rid of him.”
The vote buyer is still in evi
dence not only in Georgia but
‘in every state in the Union. The
views of Judge Bleckley, if
adopted and lived up to, would
i mean the cleansing of .. politics
and the ushering in of a better
day in government.
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name from the habit of flicking
the tail upright when alarmed.
Relicve
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in small pieces and heat it slowly
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LISTEN TO THE NEWS — W.RF.C. — 12:15.
MONDAY, JULY 5, 1048,
zTo prevent fowl pox, vaccinate
all young chickens, but keep any
not vaccinated entirely separate.
otherwise they may catch the
disease.