Newspaper Page Text
1-INCH MIDYLING .... .. 33¢
Vol. CXVI, No. 301,
Egypt Prim
Ministe
|S Kllled
Student Slayer
. )
Disguised As
- »
Police Officer
CAIRO, Dec. 28—(AP)—Prime
Minister Mahmound Fahy No
krashy Pasha was assassinated
this morning.
Police said he was shot oy a
student disguised as a police offi
cer. They declared the assassin
was a member of the Moslem
Brotherhood Association, & nat
ionlist group recently outlawed
by the Prime Minister.
The slaying occurred ,in the
Ministry of Interior where the
Prime Minister was on the way to
his office. Witnesses said the as
sassin fired five times at Nokra
shy Pasha and then tried to shoot
himself. The Prime Minister died
five minutes later without utter
ing a word. ’
Other persons in the building
at the time said the assailant
approached Nokrashy Pasha and
shoow hands with him before
drawing the gun. ]
The killer was arrested imme-:
diately. |
In outlawing the Moslem
Brotherhood, the Prime Minister
charged the group with responsi
bility for violence which caused
several deaths. The order follow
ed a series of explosions in Cairo
business establishments.
U. N. Plea ‘
Nokrashy Pasha® had been
prime minister most of the time
since the end of World War Two.
Last year he went to the United
Nations session in New York to
plead Egypt’s case for evacuation
of British troops. from the Suez
Canal zone. 1
He sent Egyptian troops into}
Palestine when the British man
date over the Holy Land ended to
combat what he called ‘aggression |
by Terrorist Zionist gangs.” |
The Moslem Brotherhood ac
cused him recently of weakness
in prosecuting the Palestine cam
paign.
The slaying will bring a new
prime minister to office at a crit
ical point in Egypt's struggle
against Israel. The government
reported only last night that Is
raeli troops were continuing at
tacks against the Egyptian army
in Southern Palestine. i ,
Nokrashy Pasha was 60 years
old. He was educated in Cairo and
at University College, in Notting
ham, England.
Nokrashy Pasha was a leader of
the Saadist party, which he help
ed form after he was expelled in
1937 from the executive commit
tee and from membership in the
Nationalist WAFD party.
Assembly To
Consider
Port Program
ATLANTA, Dec. 28 — (AP).—
Proposals for a long-range, $20,-
000,000 Georgia ports expansion
program—at no cost to taxpayers
—will be ready for legislative
action when the General Assem
bly meets Jan. 10.
The project hinges on a proposed
constitutional amendment to allow
a $20,000,000 bond issue, backed by
future income of the ports. An
amendment is necessary because
the State Constitution now prohi
bits the state from borrowing on
anticipated revenues or pledging
its credit on this basis.
Attorney General Eugene Cook
said a Constitutional Amendment
could not ‘be presented to the vot
ers before the General Election in
November, 1950.
Alternate Measures
Cook conferred with a ports au
thority committee yesterday. He
said he would prepare a series of
alternative measures on the de
velopment program.
The immediate objective, said
Cook and Ports Authority spokes
men, will be to transfer title of the
recently - purchased quartermaster
depot at Savannah to the Authori
ty. It would be used as a basis
for providing expanded facilities.
Cook said this could be done
either by leasing the depot to the
Authority or by the state trans
ferring title to the Authority for
a nominal sum. Gov. Herman
Talmadge recently purchased the
depot from the government for
SBOB,IOO its actual walue is esti
mated at between $3,500,000 and
$4,000,000.
If the Authority had the depot,
it would be able to float a sizeable
loan with the depot as collateral.
The Authority already has legisla
tive authortiy to borrow up to
$15,000,000 without obligating the
state.
“Can Be Done”
As for floating the proposed
$20,000,000 bond issue, Cook said
it could be done by the State or by
the Ports Authority with the
State’s backing.
In either case, he added, it is
anticipated that revenue from the
ports facilities wouid be ample to
pay off the bonded debt without
having to fall back on the State’s
regular income from taxes. -
The developments under the
proposals would enlarge facilities
at Saavnnah, Brunswick and else~
where.
ATHENS BANNER-HERALD
Associated Press Service
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ICE PALACE AFTER FlßE—These stores and Christ
mas decorations take on an icy look as more water is
poured on this store in Mirreapolis, Minn, after fire
broke out in the building during the holidays. The fire
started in a bar near the store.—(NEA Telephoto.)
28 Persons Aboard , 2
Miami Bound Plane
Reported Missing
MIAMI, Fla., Dec. 23.— (AP)—A charter airplane with
28 persons on board was missing today on a flight from
San Juan, Puerto Rico, to Miami. A great aerial search
was under way.
The plane, a twin-engined DC-3
charter craft, carried a crew of
three and 25 passengers. It was
more than five hours overdue at
10:30 a. m. (EST). Its fuel supply
was exhausted about 5:45 a. m.
The Coast Guard air-sea rescue
service said the last eontact with
the plane was made by overseas
radio at New Orleans at 4:13 a. m.
The plane at that time gave its
"pnsitimf as 50 miles south of Mia
mi. Overseas radio, a unit of the
Civil Aeronautics Authority, read
the position report back to the
plant and asked for confirmation.
No answer was reecived. Contin
uous calling by radio brought no
further response. .
Leaving San Juan at 10:03 p. m.
(EST) yesterday, the craft was due
in Miami about 4:30 a. m.
Twenty searching aircraft of the
Air Force, Navy and Coast Guard
sprea dout over the Atlantic in an
effort to find the missing airliner.
‘The search planes covered 50 miles
on each side of the Miami-San
Juan Airway and the entire Baha
ma Island group.
} The missing plane is owned by
Karl Knight of Miami, but was
operating under lease to Airborne
‘Transport, Inc,, a New York Char
ter service. Knight said he had
nothing to do with the operation
of the leased craft. .
~ Many _charter airlines operate
‘between San Juan and the United
States and most of them carry
heavy passenger loads. Last Oc
tober a DC-3 charter plane be
came lost and was found on a
beach of an island in the Berry
Islands. .Its passengers. were' Safe
‘but the plane was destroyed.
End Ordered In
. .
Air Segregation
WASHINGTON, Dec. 28—(AP)
—An immediate end of all segre
gation at the Washington National
Airport in nearby Virginia has
been ordered by the federal gov
ernment.
The order was issued by D. W.
Rentzel, Administrator of the
Civil Aeronautics Administration
‘which operates the field.
ISRAELI AND EGYPTIAN TROOPS
BATTLE FOR COASTAL C(ONTROL
TEL AVIIV, Israel, Dec. 28 —
(AP)—lsraeli blows appear to
have cut the Egyptians’ coastal
corridor to Gaza or placed it so
closely under- gunsights it is un
likely Egypt will be able to rein
force it.
+ An Israeli military spokesman
Isaid today the battle in Southern
Palestine was slackening.
Unoffieial sources said the town
of Gaza, Egyptian garrison point
20 miles north of the Egyptian
frontier on the coastal highway,
was either cut off or left in peril
from field artillery and naval bat
‘teries.’ il il
! On the basis of unofficial in
,formation, it seemed here the sec
‘ond fight for control of the Negev
was virtually ended. It centered
' on the narrow coastal strip within
i mortar range of the Egyptian bor
der. The first battle was in Oc
|tober. % g .
An Israeli spokesman declined
to say whether the highway was
cut. Details on the whole op
'eration have been scant.
s
I'resh China
Truce Rumors
NANKING, China, Dec. 28—
(AP) — A new crop of peace ru- |
mors blossomed strongly in Chi
na’s fapital today. 4
Several highly placed sources
hinted of plants to reorganize thel
government as a preliminary to a |
negotiated peace with the Chinese
Communists. Top officials ve-l
hemently denied the reports.
Despite denials, wusually well
informed sources insisted they
were ‘‘very certain” that impor
tant developments dooking to
ward a new national leadership
and probably peace could be ex
pected before New Year’s Day.
This is a reversal of the view
that was generally accepted yes
terday. Then almost everyone felt
Communist publication of a list
of “war criminals” to be punish
ed by a ‘“peoples court” knocked
out possibility, of peace talk.
Today, the only thing that ap
peared fairly certain was that the
decision to fight on or permit
peace talks rests with President
Chiang Kai-Shek, whose named
headed the Communists’ list of
“war criminals.”
Chiang is under strong pressure
to step down, probably under the
excuse of physical ailments. This
would permit Vice-President Li-
Tsung-Jen to take over and ex
plore the possibility of peace
talks. :
Seven QQuakes
Felt In Reno
RENO, Nev., Dec. 28—(AP) —
Seven earthquakes hit Reno with
in four and a half hours last night
—the third one causing “a good
deal of jiggling” in Reno’s 42-year
old city hall and bringing prompt
adjournment of a City Council ses
sion. There were no reports of
damage.
The Egyptians, however, com
plained to United Nations truce
headquarters at Haifa that Israeli
forces yesterday seized a height in
lArab Palestinian territory south of
Khan Yunis. Khan Yunis is a
town on the highway only five
miles north of Egypt’s Rafa fron
tier base, which was a point on the
arc of combat.
The . battle is now in its sixth
day.
I Road Battle
The immediate stake is com
mand of the Lighway around the
bend of the Mediterranean and the
network of roads leading into it
rom the Negev desert. The larger
issue is Egypt’s maintenance of her
garrisons in the 40-mile long strip
(awarded to the Arabs under the
U. N. partition plan of 1947). Sup
plying the garrisons by air and
sea would be a problem.
Even as the actiion developed,
an Israeli Army communique an
nounced a break in the Dee. 1
truce of Jerusalem. Bren gun fire
ATHENS, GA., TUESDAY, DECEMBER 28, 1948
COLD WAR COSTS MAY
REACH s2l BILLION
Foreign Ai
gn Aid
Price H
~ alfs
|
1949 Budget
WASHINGTON, Dec. 28.———!
_(AP)—-The cost of the cold war!
is heading upward by about $3,-
000,000,000 aext year to a totall
of around $21,000.000. :
That total is the minimum sum
President Truman is expected to
recommend to Congress next
month for financing American
foreign policy.
It includes predictable expen
ditures for this country’s “secu
rity insurance” — its own Army,
Navyv and Air Force — plus all
kinds of foreign aid. ‘
ror the -American taxpayer,
the demands on his pocketbook
would be far less were it not for
the conflict with Russia. On the
other hand, if the cold war—al
ready hot in China and Greece—
suddenly Lursts into flame else
"where, even these figures would
80 up astronomically.
. According to the most reliable
‘estimates new available from of
ficial sources, foreign policy f{i
'nancing will make up approxi
mately half of Mr. Truman’s $42-
te-$43 billion budget for the year
;beginning next July 1.
. Comparable costs in the pres
ent fiscal year will amount to
laround $16,250,000,006 barring
any sudden change in the world
situation.
l All these figures are approxi
mate since the China aid pro
|gram is still a question mark,
and the cos¥ of military aid to
West?‘#fi'Europe can only be
guesséd "now. The {figures are
Ibased, however, on cuch tacts as
these:
| Military Costs
| The United States military es
‘tablishment (land, sea and air) is
costing about $11,759,000,000 this
{iscal year.
It will cost:in actual cash out
lays about $13,500,000,000 next
year. The United States is spend
ing sbout $1,200,000,060 for re
ljef and somc othre help to the
#vilian populations in Germany,
‘Japan and other Army-occupied
areas this year.
Next year the cost will drop
slightly, by about $100,000,000,
as recovery progresses and the
Economic Cooperation Adminis=
iration—the Marshall Plan agen
cy—absorbs mcre of the burden.
~ Taken altogether, the Ameri+
can military program amounts tec
approximately twice the cost of
all other foreign policy spend
ing.
A total of $6,500,000,000 this
year will cover European recov
‘ery, Greek-Turkish civilian and
imilitary aid, relief in oecupied
countries, China military and
Icivlian aid. and a variety of les
ser expenditures.
} Outlay Increase
Next year the actual outlay of
Icash for European recovery will
rise by several hundred million
'dollars and a billion or more will
be necessary to help finance a
precposed new military adi pro
gram to Europe.
The wide spread between mil
itary and other foreign spending
ermphasizes one of the main foun
dations of present American pol
icy—that this country’s seccurity
and in fact the security of thc
whole non - Communist world
must be based primarily on Am
erican armed strength.
Beyond this the billions which
President Truman will recom
mend to Congress are supposed
not so much to hold a line against
Communism as to keep several
strategic positions within the
non-Russian world.
One of the fundamental con
cepts of cold war strategy as
devised by Secretary of State
Marshail and his top advisers is
(Continued On rage Two)
from the Old City, which is oc
cupied by Trans-Jordan’s Arab le
gion, was reported to have wound
ed eight Jewish soldiers in two
separate incidents.
Israeli commanders apparently
intend to force the Egyptians back
across their own frontier or to
bring Egyptian political leaders
around to armistice talks without
further delay.
(Egypt’s War Ministry said last
night Egyptians inflicted heavy
blows on attacking Jewish troops
and seized large numbers of vehi
cles, including armored types. The
statement said ‘‘the exchange of
fire continues.”)
Fragmentary reports from offi
cial and unofficial sources indi
cated the battle lines stretched
northwestward (practically paral
lel with Egypt’s frontier) to Rafa
from the area of Nirim, three and
a half miles north of the border.
(Nirim lies about a miles west of
the U. N. line dividing the Arab
coastal strip from the Negev desert
area awarded the Jews.)
e . e e e . . e A ANt WO2 MO | e e A M
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Dy
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Rd' I K
WASHINGTON, Dec. 28 —(AP)—Twelve men who have been stranded on a frigid
Greenland icecap up to three weeks were rescued today, the Air Force announced.
Theyv were picked up by a C-47 operating from an air base which is 270 miles north
west of the crash scene. the ahnouncement said.
W oman Gets 20
Y ears For
Husband Slaying
. MARBURG, Germany, Dec.
28— (AP)—Mrs. Wilma Ybarbo
of Malden, Mass., today was
| sentenced to 20 years in prison
for killing her American soidier
| hu:‘gand in a bedroom quarrel.
e U. 8. military govern
ment court of three American
judges convicted Mrs. Ybarbo
j of killing Sgt. John Ybardo of
Goliad, Tex., “with malice
aforethought.”
The 23-year-old defendant
hardly changed the expression
on her face as she heard the
verdict.
The court rejected her plea
that she shot her husband in
self defense. The judges also
rejected the possibility she was
so overcome by passion that she
was beyond self control when
she pumped three pistol bullets
~into her husband after a quar
~ rel.
————————— e ——————————————y
Soviets Qui
v Quiz
l °
U. S. Soldiers
}%SFELD, Germany, Dec. 28
—(AP)—Six American econsulta
bulary soldiers freed after some
30 hours of detention by Russian
troops, said today Soviet officers
were highly interested in U. S.
army training. The men were re
leased last night.
An account of the arrest while
the six were on a patrol Monday
afternoon was given by Sgt. Jo
seph F. Kelly, of Philadelphia.
The Russians, the men said,
were interested in American
eqgipment and in the strength and
frequency of border patrols.
“Those guys tried to get real
friendly,” said Pfc. Lester Miller
of Clements, Ky., “But we
wouldn’t tell them anything.”
~ Kelly reported that beyond
names and serial numbers they
refused to talk to the Russians.
The men were billeted two to a
bed and were fed a dinner of
soup. For breakfast they got two
'slices of bread and ersatz coffee.
. .
Welles Condition
1 - '
Satisfactory
WASHINGTON, Dec. 28—(AP)
—T he condition of Sumner
Welles, former underscretary of
state, was called satisfactory to
day, barring complications that
could cost him some of his fingers
and toes.
‘ Welles was found unconscious
in a frozen field about a mile
from his Oxon Hill, Md., home
early Sunday morning. Police,
who earlier had planned to ques
tion him, dropped the case last
night. They said Mrs. Welles told
them she is satisfied that there
was no foul play.
ATHENS AND VICINITY
Mostly cloudy and warm
with showers Wednesday and
colder Thursday.
GEORGIA — Mostly cloudy
and warmer this afternoon,
tonight and Wednesday, with
showers tonight and Wed
nesday, and some light show
ers in extreme north portion
this afternoon.
EXTENDED FORECAST
Extended forecast for Geor
gia and the Carolinas for the
period from 7:30 p. m., EST,
today through 7:30 p. m,
Saturday, January 1:
Temperatures near normal,
Warmer tonight and Wednes
day, cooler Thursday, rising
temperatures Saturday. Pre
cipitation light, intermittent
rains tonight and Wednesday.
TEMPERATURE
Highest ... ... .. .81
Towe 0 a 8
Mebn 0t b
Nopmnt ... oo A 8
RAINFALL
Inches last 24 hours .. .. .00
Tetal since Dec. 1 .. ... 2.40
Deficit since Dec. 1 .. .. 2.00
Average Dec. raintall ... 5.08
Total since*January 1 ...64.51
Excess since January 1 ..16.03
The rescue came as the U. S. S.
Saipan drove northward through
the storm-swept Atlantic in an ef
fort to reach the men with heli
copters. The Navy carrier sailed
from Norfolk, Va., on Christmas
Day.
The Air Force said it had been
in error. in previous announce
ments that 13 men were stranded
on the ice peak.
It had assumed, it said, that two
men were aboard a glider which
made the last previous rescue at
tempt, when in reality oniy one
man was aboard. Seven men were
stranded Dec. 9 when their plane
was forced down. Five others
joined them from time to time in
unsuccessful rescue operations.
The rescuing C-47, which had
jet-assist takeoff equipment and
skis, landed on the crusted snow
at 9:30 a. m. (EST), loaded the
men aboard, and took off at 10:08
aB, m (EST).
Previous rescue operations have
been conducted from Bluie West
One, an Air Force base about 110
miles from the stranded men, but
the Air Force sa:d’ that the base is
closing in because of heavy snow.
The rescue plane is expected to
refuel at Bluie West Eight and
take the men to Labrador.
Air Force officials said, how
ever, that if the men are in good
condition, they may remain at
Bluie West Eight until they can be
returned to Bluie West One,
All of them were stationed there,
and five of them have their fam
ilies at that base.
The rescue plane was piloted by
Lt. Col. Emil G. Beaudry, a native
of Manthester, N. H., now station
ed at Westover (Mass.) Air Force
base.
19 Percent Drop
¥ :
In Meat Prices
CHICAGO, Dee. 28 —(AP)—
The American Meat Institute
says the general wholesale price
of all meat in the nation has
dropped about 19 percent since
the mid-September peak.
The Institute said the retail
price of meat declined 13 percent
since the mid-September peak.
The AMI said the wholesale
price report was based on com
pilations by the U. S. Bureau of
Labor Statistics. Included were
all grades and -all weights of
Monoxide Poisoning Held Cause
In Xmas Mountain Cabin Deaths
BIG BEAR, Calif., Dec. 28 —
}(AP)—-—The Christmas mountain
cabin deaths of Dr. Jerome G.
‘Schnedorf and three other mem
bers of his family were caused by
monoxide poisoning and asphyxia
tion.
' That was Coroner R. E. Wil
liams’ ruling after blood and tissue
tests yesterday apparently solved
the tragic yuletide mystery. He
said no inquest will -be necessary.
The coroner’s report disclosed
that the brick and frame cottage
was sealed tight, with windows
nailed, and high-banked snow
probably stopped up one or more
of the vents of a butane gas heater.
The heater was burning, sheriff’s
deputies said when they found the
bodies of Dr. Schnedorf, 35-year
old Santa Barbara physician; his
two children, Tommy, three, and
Judy, eight; and his mother, Mrs.
Josephine Schnedorf, 64, River
Forest, 111.
Coroner Williams listed the doc
tor, his mother and Tommy as
monoxide poinsoning victims, but
asphyxiation was given as the
cause of Judy’s death.
Only the doctor’s wife, Mrs.
Mary Margaret Schnedorf, 37, and
their eldest child, Jerry, 10, es
caped. Both remained in San
Bernardino County Hospital, the
boy still unconscious early today.
A note of mystery was injected
early in the investigation when‘
Chemist Fred Greusel said he
found a slight trace of arsenic in
Jerry’s stomach. But the coroner
said the amount was'so slight it
might have occurred from eating
a sprayed vegetable and could not
have been fatal.
NEW CHURCHES
MONTGOMERY, Ala., Dec. 28
—(AP)—Plans:are heing consid
ered for the construction of four
new Methodist churches here to
cost an estimated $200,000.
Read Daily by 35,000 People In Athens Trade Area
.
Film Actress
g . 7ok
Slashes Wrist
With A Razor
POUGHKEEPSIE, N. Y. Dec.
28— (AP)—Faye Emerson Roos
evelt, beautiful actress wife of
Elliett Roosevelt, slashed her
left wrist with a razor early
Sunday in the couple’s Hyde
Park home, Sheriff. C. Fred
Close said last night.
The sheriff quoted Dr. H.
Sherman Hirst, who treated the
31-year-old Mrs. Roosevelt, as
saying he understood the wound
was self-inflicted and that she
had to be restrained from in
juring herself further.
But Roosevelt, reached by
telephone, said the injury re
sulted from an accident.
“There is nothing to it,”” he
said. "
The cut was described as su
perficial. It required no stitches,
After treating the blonde ac
tress, Dr. Hirst sent her to Vas
sar Brothers hospital here
where she spent the night under
observation, She was released
at noon yesterday.
'Charges Prepared
. .
Against Cardinal
BUDAPEST, Hungary, Dec, 28—
(AP) — A detailed statement of
charges against Josef Cardinal
Mindszenty may be issued tomor
row by the Communist-dominated
Hungarian government.
A high Hungarian authority said
yesterday after the Catholic pri
mate’s arrest was announced that
ja detailed statement would be
imade within 48 hours.
’ A government announced yes
-Iterday said the 56-year-old Cardi-
Inah. an arch-foe of Communism,
| was arrested on suspicion of plot
'ting against the government, spy
ing, treason and black market
money dealings.
The Cardinal was arrested once
before, during the Nazi occupation
.of Hungary, when he criticized ac
tions of the authorities.
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DOCTOR AND FAMILY FOUND DEAD—Dr. Jerome
G. Schnedorf (right), 35, of Santa Barbara, Calif., twe
of his children, and his mother were found dead Sun
day among Christmas decorations and unopencd gifts
in their rented mountain cabin at Big Bear, Calif. The
cause of death was carbon monoxide poisoning from a
gas heater. Left to right: Jerry. 10, is in critical condi
tion; Judy, 8, s dead; Mrs. Schnedorf, the doctor's
wife, is in a hospital; Tommy, 8, and Dr. Schnedorf
are dead. His mother was not ir this picture which was
taken some time before the tragedy.— (AP Wirehoto.)
Home
Edition
| in Blasts
lßaunkm Blasts
Rules Change
‘or Prob
I'or Probers
WASHINGTON, Dec. 28—(AP)
—“Utterly Silly,” snapped Rep.
i Rankin (D-Miss) today in dismiss
| |ing a set of proposed new rules for
Ithe House Un-American Activities
Committee, =
l Rankin, a veteran member of
‘ithe committee, said the changes
recommended by Reps. Mundt (R
--SD) and Nixon (R-Calif) just
.| aren’t practical.
The nine point overhaul pro
gram was advanced by the two
Republicans last night for commit
tee consideration when the Demo-~
crats take over control of Congress
next week.
Mundt and Nixon’s main idea is
ltu counter some of the criticism
that has been heaped on the com
mittee for its conduct of the recent
spy investigation and earlier cases.
But Rankin, who ‘will have a
powerful voice in the new com
mittee’s affairs, said that if his
Republican colleagues really want
ed the changes made, they should
have proposed them while their
| own patty was in firm control of
Congress.
| “Everyone should know,” Ran
{gin told newsmen, “that the rules
of house committees follow the
rules of the House. Committees
themselves just don’t make their
own rules.”
The changes proposed by Mundt
and Nixon would: #
1. Permit eath witness to have
'a lawyer at either public or pri
i vate sessions. .
l Report Methods
2. Prevent subcommittees from
! publishing reports not approved by
lthe entire committee.
3 Precede public meetings
with private sessions in an effort
to prevent the disclosure of “sur
prise names.” ;
4. Give accused persons the op
portunity to testify at a publie
hearing. .
5. Allow accused persons to
question, through the committee
chairman or counsel, the persons
making the accusations. .. .. -
6. Allow witnesses - t4' make
written or oral statements at the
end of hearings.
7. Require the committee to
furnish a transcript of testimony to
la witness whenever the testimony
{is made publie. 3 e
' 8. Stiffen the penalty for con
jtempt of a congressional commit~
[tee. Mundt and Nixon did not say,
'however, how much stiffer they
think the penalty should be. The
maximum now is a SI,OOO fine and
,one year in jail.
' The ninth proposed change was
in the form of a suggestion that
the new committee see what can
be done about “excluding certain
jtypes of information media from
|open hearings of the committee.”
| Mundt and Nixon recommended
in their joint statement that the
| committee choose an expert in the
| field of publicity to help work out
lthis problem.