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PAGE EIGHT
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| ATHENS BANMNER HERALD
ESWABLISHED 1832
Published Every Evening Except Saturday and Sunday and on Sunday Morning by Athens Publishing
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. DAILY MEDITATIONS
But when the fullness of
i the time was come, God sent
k’ forth his Son, made of a wo
| man, made under the law.
To redeem them that were
" sinder the law, that we might perceive the adopt
fion of sons.—Galatians 4:4-5,
e ee————eee e e e e e e el
.
Georgia Cavalcade
GEORGIA LAND CESSIONS FROM THE
INDIANS—(I733-1835)
By GUS BERND, Historical Assistant,
Office of Secretary of State
The first of Georgia's treaties with the Indians
was at Savannah in May, 1733, between General
Oglethorpe and a group of about 50 Creek chiefs,
This initial cession granted to Georgia all the ter
ritory between the Savannah and the Altamaha
rivers and up thenmr as far as the tides flowed. A
small area near Yamacraw Bluff and the islands of
Ossabaw, Sapelo, and St. Catherines were reserved
for the Indians,
In 1763, the Treaty of Paris ended the French and
Indian War. 'That same year a treaty at Augusta
attended by several hundred Indians from the
Creeks, Choctaws, Chickawaws, and Cherokees re
sulted in a great push by Georgia against the fron
tier. The new line started on the Savannah River
@above Augusta, ran southwestward and turned ab
ruptly southeastward passing down the Ogeechee,
then roughly southwestward to the St. Mary’s at the
point where that river flowing north swings east
ward to the Atlantic. A treaty at Augusta in 1773
brought about two other large cessions—one in the
Broad and Little River country northwest of Au
gusta—and the other in southeast Georgia between
the Ogeechee and Altamaha,
In 1783 as revenge for the alliance of the Indians
with the British and Tories during the Revolution
ary War, a slice in northeast Georgia was taken
from the Cherokees. Washington and Franklin
counties were created, later to be cut up. The
Treaty of Galphinton in 1785 pushed still further
the boundary between Georgia and the Creeks.
There was a Treaty of Hopewell with the Cherokees
the same year which established about the same
northern line from the Tugalo to the headwaters
of the Oconee that had been set up in 1783. In 1786,
the Shoulderbone Treaty reaffirmed the Treaty of
Galphinton. These treaties of the 1780 s between
state authorities and Indians were made in defiance
of a provision of the Articles of Confederation
against such, By the Treaty of New York of 1790
the Georgia frontier moved westward to the Oconee
and a line extending northward through the Cur
rahee Mountain to the Tugalo, There were no fur
ther concessions until 1802,
Ceorgia in 1802 ceded to the United States Gov=
ernment the lands between the Chattahoochee and
Mississippi; and the National Government pledged
“iself to remove the Indians from the State soon
and “peaceably and on reasonable terms.,” There
was to be long delay in the fulfillment of this
pledge, The Federal Government also assumed the
burden of obligations resulting from the Yazoco
Fraud, A few months later the same year at Fort
Wilkinson_on the Oconee, agents, of which Benja
min Hawkins was one, bought for the State from
the Creeks some additional land west of the Oconee.
In 1804 a ireaty made at the Old Creek Agency on
the Flint resulted in a push to the Ocmulgee. Waf
fords Settlement in 1804 procured a small addi=
tional strip in northeast Georgia.
General Andrew Jackson in 1814, having con
quered the Creeks, sot from them by the Treaty of
Fort Jackson a cession of all their remaining terri
tory in the southern part of Georgia extending to
the Florida line.
A Fort Hawkins Treaty of 1817 with the Creeks
added another strip in north Georgia., In 1818 two
more tracts — one about the headwaters of the
Oconee and the other in south centiral Georgia were
taken. In 1819 the frontier was further extended it
the mountains of northeast Georgia.
The 1821 Treaty of Indian Springs saw the
Creeks surrender the lands between the Ocmulgee
and the Flint with the exception of a small strip
about Indian Springs, The Indian Springs Treaty of
February, 1825, which was Chief William Mcln
tosh's death warrant for his subsequent murder by
the Upper Creeks hostile to him and the Treaty,
rounded out Georgia’s borders to the Chattahoochee
in return for lands west of the Mississippi and a
large sum of money for the Creeks as well. The 1825
Treaty was contested; but Governor Troup of Geor
gia had his way and forced the President and the
Indians to comply with his wishes and the 1825
Treaty. A Treaty of Washington (1826) and a final
treaty in 1827 were, however, necessary to conclude
the dealings involving Georgia, the Creeks, and the
U. 8. Government. The bitter struggle with the
Creeks was thus at an end but that with the Cher
ekees was brewing.
Georgia had been less troubled by her more cive
ilized and more friendly Cherokees of her northe
western parts than by the war-like Creeks. Jeal=
ousies finally led to the outsting of the Cherokees
and the heaping of great injustices and suffering
upon thermr. An 1828 Act of the Georgia Legislature
extending the jurisdiction of Georgia's laws and
courts over the Cherokee country plus the discov
ery of gold in Georgia’s mountains brought this
controversy to a climax. The Treaty of New Echota
in 1835 ended the Cherokee domain in Georgia. Then
came the final “Trail of Tears” occasioned by their
removal by U. S. Army troops under General Scott
_ in 1838-39. The story of the Georgia frontier had
come to a close; and State and Nation had system
. atically and successfully taken advantage of Geor
. #la's Indians,
Government Shouldn't Pay
r .
Peron’s Debfs to U. S. Firms
With the cold war centering in Europe and Asia,
we seldoin dwell much nowadays on events affect- l
ing South America. But the recent $125,000,000 U.
S. grant of credit to the Peron government in Argen- l
tina deserves to be hauled up out of the backwash
of public attention.
The average citizen reading of that grant would
assume that some if not all of the money would be !
sent to Argentina. The fact is, not a single cent will
leave the United States.
It's to be used to bail out banks and big and little
businesses that have been dealing with Peron on
credit and now can’t collect from him. In other
words, the U. S, is in effect making itself a collec
tion agency for these various concerns.
The big question is whether this is the kind of
thing our government ought to do. We are indulging
banks and business outfits in their mistakes. We
don’t normally rescue them when they commit sim
ilar errors at home. If they go out on a shaky credit
limb, we let thenr take the fall.
Why adopt a softer attitude toward their foreign
dealings? Won't it simply invite a repetition of the
same practices?
There may be some excuse for the little com
panies involved, since they don't always have the
executive know-how ®hat leads to careful weighing |
of credit risks. But there’s little sense in the big
firms’ getting into so unsound a position as they
have in Argentinz’:.
If they feel competition compels them to extend
credit to such a poor bet, they still have no reason
to believe that the American people must under
write their errors. Big business is strong enough to
pay its own penalties; they are the inescapable cost
of doing business in the risky climate of a free
economy.
Furthernrore, won’t the big companies merely be
playing Peron’s game if they start from scratch and
extend new credits once these old debts are paid?
The arrogantly proud Argentine dictator woir't
condescend to ask the U, S, government direetly for
an out-and-out loan. But he can achieve the same
result, without loss of face, if Argentine enterprises
can buy on credit from U, S. firms and the latter
can count on the American government to bail them
out when they can’t collect.
Probably the banks and smaller outfits have been
burned severely enough to have learned their les
son, But Washington ought to make it clear to big
business that it won’t save anybody a second time.
That way the whole burden will be on the indi
vidual firm taking the risk. And if Argentina has a
good argument for buying but can’t meet the credit
terms of American companies, let Peron try to ob
tain a loan in the same open fashion that any other
foreign country must rely upon.
When that time comes—if it ever does—the loan
application can be weighed on its merits, and par
ticularly with regard to its effect on American re
lations with other more friendly South American
countries,
Chance to Ward Off Strike
Since Walter Reuther, head of the United Auto
mobile Workers, already has announced that his
union’s next big goal is the guaranteed annual wage,
here’s a suggestion?
Why not initiate an impartial background study
of this plan now, before the heat of next year’s
bargaining battles puts too high an emrotional con
tent into the argument?
We ought to have learned something from the
bitter debate that surrounded the pension issue as
it hit major industries on a broad scale for the first
time. On the one hand, we heard from management
that labor’s proposals might well ruin business. On
the other, we heard from the unions that manage=
ment’s views are utterly destructive of workers’
welfare,
Inevitably the bargaining will take this kind of
extreme turn again, unless perhaps both sides—and
the public as well—can face the annual wage pro
posal forearmed with all the relevant facts,
How has the annual wage idea worked where it
has been applied thus far? Does it fit small com
panies and large alike? Must special market con
ditions prevail to support it?
These are but a handful of the questions that
ought to be answered well ahead of the point where
emotion enters the bargaining picture in full force.
The church refuses to be silenced by capitalists,
Communists or Socialists who declare that his par
ticular system shall be free of the judgment of God.
—Bishop G. Bromiley Oxnam of New York.
Germany’s neighbors are again trembling for
their safety.—Senator Kenneth S. Wherry (R) of
Nebraska,
What is the advantage of a balanced budget if we
—and, more important, our children — end up in
the concentration camps of slave states.—Former
Air Force Secretary W. Stuart Symrington,
We need tfo stop assuming that a government
monopoly is the best way to develop industrial uses
of the atom. It is contrary to our temper and our
experience.—David E. Lilienthal, former chairman
of the U. S. Atomic Energy Commission.
Lots of these kids fighting now would make damn
good ping-pong players.—Jameg d. Jeffries, on the
“fight game.”
THE BANNER-HERALD, ATHENS, GEORGIA
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THAT'S a question well worth an- t-acks — over rutty gravel and wavy == ‘F b“—‘ FOUR-WAY
swering before you settle on your black-top —in this stunning traveler. i, s ] ‘—E i T
t t b.l 7 o K —:—; This rugged front end
FET Shsptoerey "“he car will be any Buick you pref =T : 5 £ B .
. e s ; Y you PR oy ,’- i x(2 (2) saves on repair costs
For what fun is there—what thrill—in € PECIAL, SUPER or ROADMASTER, You ESo@ANRINNNGRT" —vorfical bars oro
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slowed down by roads a Buick is built stretch you know so that you can meas- e ediet T gil i
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to take in stride? ure Buick’s smoothness against your
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So we'd like to show you just how much P it P fort show with actual figures that *if you
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smoothness your money can buy. How : 8 E can afford a new car you can afford a
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levelly you float over cobbles and car T'he time can be any time you want to Buick.
arrange with your Buick See him, will you, and treat yourself
dealer — who is ready to to some real comfort?
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POINTS OF THE _gtpe——_ : - L
SEVEN K R = Only Buick has and with it goes:
WONDERFUL BUIC S 7 |
BIDE : ‘.\OJJ ,D’ ”. :“ssg @ HIGHER-COMPRESSION Fireball valve-in-head power in three engines. (New F-263 engine in SUPER models.)
,\ - // /Q// {‘\:i /) NEW-PATTERN STYLING, with MULTI-GUARD forefront, taper-through fenders, “double bubble” taillights
@)‘/B‘Q? /N_P '/o N WIDE-ANGLE VISIBILITY, close-up road view both forward and back * TRAFFIC-HANDY SIZE, less over-all
GO 3 :"’\/\:\; ‘@W ’;////:/S length for easier parking and garaging, short turning radius * EXTRA-WIDE SEATS cradled between the axles
&:@gw;";’fib 7S\ /?/ , SOFT BUICK RIDE, from all-coil springing, Safety-Rice rims, low-pressure fires, ride-steadying forquefube »
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hymps individuatlys 170 ushion of oil. AN , 7 ;
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. Ve BRTTST AUTONACENTS ALE DUILT BUICK WILL BUILD THEM Ye o senid
Swimming Can Be Safe Sport
If Simple Rules Are Obeyed
BY EDWIN P. JORDAN, M. D.
Written for NEA Service
Swimming is a pleasurable and
healthy sport indulged in by
millions. Each summer, however,
a great many people drown while
swimming who could have “beer:
saved if they had been a little
more careful.
The first precaution which out
door swimimers should take is not
| to go in unsupervised places with
out great care. Haphazard swim
ming in lakes, oceans or rivers
may hold unexpected dangers. The
water may be deeper than expec
ted, there may be undertows, sub
merged rocks, stumps, weeds or
sudden step-off spots. Sometimes
the water is more shallow than
anticipated and a dive will cause
a broken neck or concussion.
If the water is too cold a sudden
cramp may develop and if no one
is near, the swimme. can drown
rapidly., The lone swimmer runs
the greatest risk of all. No one
should go in swimming away from
either a supervised beach or the
presence of some experienced
swimmer who can come to the
rescue if things go wrong. If
trouble does develop the swimmer
should avoid panic since this can
‘only make the situation worse.
Another point of importance is
swimming after meals. The degis
tion of food in the stomach re
quires the presence of a large
amount of blood in that area. This
blood is taken away from the mus
cles and other parts of the body
so that at the height o. digestion
muscular cramps are particularly
likely to develop because of the
temporary poor circulation. Swim
ming ought not to be earried out
immediately after a meal.
Digestion is almost complete
two hours after a meal and there
is fair safety after about an hour.
One should stay out of the water
at least this long after eating.
A good many pzrsons have died
while in swimming because they
STXDAY, JUNE 11, 1975,
were sensitive or allergic to eold,
Apparently some people who were
excessively sensitive to eold have
died in the water from what was
considered at the time to be
drowning. Actually this is & sort
of reaction to the cold water rath
er than true drowning.
SUPERVISION IMPORTANT
In well-supervised places with
healthy swimmers and the ob
servance of a few simple precau
tions, swimming is a highly de
sirable, and healthy outdoor sport
and pastime.
The good swimmer is safer in
the water than the poor one unless
he takes foolish chances. The
really good swimmer, however, is
aware of the risks and is inclined
to be careful.
John Michael (Red) Corriden,
New Chicago White Sox manager.
formerly managed at Des Moines,
Indianapolis and Salisbury, N, C.
SAD
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ftch, burn of acne, bumps
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25¢, 60¢, 85¢. Also use
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POLITICAL
ANNOUNCEMENTS
FOP STATE REPRESENTATIVE
I hereby announce my candi
dacy for re-election a 3 Clarke
County Representative subject to
the fules and regulations of the
June 28th Democratic Primary.
Your support and influence will
be greatly appreciated.
CHAPPELLE MATTHEWS.