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PAGE SIX
ATHENS BANNER HERALD
ESTABLISHED 1808
Published Every Evening Except Saturday and Sunday and on Sunday Morning by Athens Publishing
Company. Entered at the Post Office at Athens, Ga., as second class mail matter.
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DAILY MEDITATIONS
He was oppressed, and he
35\ e was afflicted, yet he opened
3 ;--?.: , not his mouth, he is brought
X . \ as a lamb to the slaughter,
R =" and as a sheep before her
shearers is dumb, so he openeth not his mouth.—
Isaiah 53:7.
i Have you a ravorite Bible verse? Mail to
A. F. Pledger. Holly Heights Chapel
(Historical release by office of Georgia's Secre
tary of State, Ben W. Fortson, Jr.)
THE GATE CITY OF THE SOUTH
BEGAN AS A RAILROAD JUNCTION
ON THE FRONTIER
By GUS BERND, Historical Assistant,
Office of Secretary of State
First white settlement in the area of present
Atlanta was Whitehall, site of which was about
two miles and a half southwest of present Five
Points. As early as Revolutionary times, an Indian
settiement called The Standing Peachtree was
located on the southern bank of the Chattahoochee
River about seven miles from Five Points on ap
proximate site of present water works. The Stand
ing Peachtree served as a post office in the 1820 s,
before there was a white settlement upon the site
of present Atlanta.
The County of DeKalb was created in 1822 and
Decatur was incorporated in 1823, still several years
before the coming of Whitehall. Charner Hum
phries’ Whitehall Tavern was the first important
structure on the grounds on the city of the future.
It was one of the few suitable overnight stopping
places for travelers going between piantation Mid
dle Georgia and Tennessee. Whitehall Tavern was
also used as an early voting precinct. Peachtree
Creek and Peachtree Street in Atlanta got their
names from The Standing Peachtree. One of the old
trails leading through that Creek settlenrent became
Peachtree Road. According to George R. Gilmer,
The Standing Peachtree was in 1813 still consider
ably beyond the Georgia borders, meaning beyond
the settled portion of the State. Gilmer as a young
lieutenant served in the area. The Standing Peach
tree was located in what was debatable territory
between Creeks and Cherokees. |
Railroad building and the geography that influ
enced it are the factors that gave rise to Atlanta
and played the greatest part in its early growth.
The location was well situated on a plateau of the
Piedmont section just south of the ramparts of the
Southern Appalachians. It was logical for any rail
road route crossing Georgia either by skirting the
mountains or cutting through them to pass through
this plateau-—an ideal point for a junction of lines.
In 1837 “General” Abbott H. Brishane, who was
assistant surveyor to Colonel Stephen H. Long,
drove a stake for the southern end of the Western
72 Atlantic Railroad. It was planted not far from
present Five Points and probably under the present
Broad Street viaduct, not far from the Atlanta
Journal building. At that time one white resident,
a Mr. Ivey, lived in the area—in a crude log cabin
near the present intersection of Auburn Avenue
and Ivey Street.
With the beginning of the railroads that were to
converge by agreement at this little village named
Terminus, just north of Whitehall, a future great
city was assured. The Western & Atlantic, Macon
& Western, and Georgia Railroads had linked there
by 1846. Terminus had become Marthasvilie by act
of the General Assembly in December, 1843. Mar
thasville became Atlanta on December 29, 1847, by
charter granted by the legislature. The name “At
lanta,” given to the City is apparently derived from
the fact that it was the teriminus of the Western &
Atlantic. It is thought that this suggestion for the
name was made by J. Edgar Thompson, an engineer
of the Georgia Railroad. !
In the 1840 s and 1850 s Atlanta was a rugged fron
tier town in which law enforcement was a difficult
problem. Its large transient labor population tended
to drinking, gambling, fighting, and considerable
crime, and often got completely out of hand. Much
of Atlanta's early politics was between the Moral
or Orderly Party and the Rowdy or Dis-Orderly
Party. When the Rowdies were defeated in an elec
tion they created a temporary reign of terror but
were finally driven out of the town by force during
the vigorous administration of Mayor Jonathan
Norcross. Moses W. Formwalt was the first mayor.
Norcross was the fourth. Formwalt was a saloon
keeper; and on one occasion ran afoul of the law
seriously in his own place; had & disorderly conduct
charge brought against him.
The first really important newspaper in Atlanta
was The Atlanta Intelligencer (1848). It became
famous in several local crusades.
Slab Town and Snake Town, areas of early At
isni@ where the Rowdy element lived, were raided
and set afire in 1850 during the Norcross campaign
to clean up the town.
Atlanta becamne a city between 1850 and 1860,
Fulton County wss cut out of DeKalb County by
legislative act of December 20, 1853. Many people
still believe that the County was named for Rob
ert Fulton of steamboat invention fame. However,
it seems quite likely that instead Fulton County
- was named for Hon. Hamilton Fulton, a state engi
neer who helped to survey the route for the West
ern & Atlantic,
! When the War Between the States arrived, At
: lanta was an important center for many activities,
and had reached some degree of stability. In 1864,
because it was the railroad center of the South, it
(Continued in Column Four.)
Congress Can't Dilly-Dally
On Vital Problems Forever
When Congress reconvenes in January, it will
have to face all over again the questions of taxes,
inflation, and colossal government expenditures.
President Truman got a $5,700,000,000 tax bill
from Congress this year when he asked for nearly
twice that. He has already served notice he will ask
more levies when the lawmakers return. His request |
probably will touch $5,000,000,000 or higher. |
But at least two factors militate against his get
ting what he wants. The first is that 1952 is an elec~-
tion year. Congress is notoriously reluctant to vote
a single additional penny in taxes when it must
coafront the voters the same fall.
The second thing is that many lawmakers are
firmly convinced that we have almost reached a
ceiling on taxes, that the American people will nnt
and should not stand for higher levies,
This attitude was amply expressed in the sudden
upset of the 1951 tax bill in the House during the
closing days of the session. The reverse was tem
porary, but it may easily have been a harbinger of
1952 events. .
If Mr. Truman’s forthcoming tax proposals are
indeed doomed, the ingenuity of both Congress and
the Administration in meeting the problems of new
inflation, anad even heavier spending, will be sorely
tried. .
The 1951 session appropriated $91,664,860,000 for
use in the current fiscal year ending next June 30.
That is the largest sum ever voted in peacetime, and
comes close to mratching the heaviest budgets of
World War 11.
As everyone knows, the overwhelming bulk of
that money was earmarked for our own defense,
and for military and economic assistance to our
allies around the world. The military appropriation,
for example, ran to $57,000,000,000.
Economic forecasters, casting up a potential bal
ance sheet for the year, believe that these expendi
tures will outdistance revenues by almost $10,000,-
000,000. Even the new tax bill will not make much |
of a dent this time, since it is taking effect for the ‘
most rart well after the start of the fiscal year.
Next year the biggest budget itemxs promise to be |
bigger still, A boost in the Air Force from the pres
ent 95 groups to 130 or 140 will cost added billions.
The ground is being prepared for heavier atomic
energy requests to filance the more varied atomic
" weapons arsenal we are building.
If there is no new tax bill, the deficit will be
greater, The deficiency will have to be made up, as
always, by government borrowing. But this throws
part of the burden for present armament upon fu
ture generations. And besides, borrowing is highly
inflationary, since it ras the effect of adding new
sums to the monetary stream.
Without adequate checks, government spending
is certain anyway to increase inflationary pres
sures, Billions will be put into circulation in the
form of wages and other payments. But wage and
salary earners will have Yess civilian goods to buy,
and thus nray bid up prices of the things that are
on hand.
Congress plainly has its work cut out for 1952 if
it intends to shrug off more new taxes. It may have
to cope with unruly inflation, And it may have to
do something convincing about government econ
omy. The Hoover Commission showed the way to
vast potential savings, out thus far the lawmakers
have barely scratched the surface. The pleasant
game of postponing the day of reckoning cannot be
played much longer.
Our Fierce Young Writers
In my efforts to get and remain cultured I follow
the book reviews and advertisements and often read
a new novel or some heftier volume that tells what
is wrong with the world and how to cure it. I also
study the portraits of authors when they accom
pany the reviews or advertisements.
The feminine cnes are about what they have
always been—as pretty as the average and some
times prettier, But the male authors, and especially
those who write fiction, alarm me.
When I studied literature, in school and college,
novelists had beards and looked benevolent; or'if
they couldn’t do both they chose benevolence. A
little later they began to smoke pipes and look
tweedy, but still one wouldn’t be frightened if he
met one of them in a dark alley.
Now they all look fierce. They can lean on their
elbows and glower. They don't seem to like the
world or the world's people and they don’t care
who knows it.
Their personal despair is only partially assuaged
by their being on the best-seller list. I wonder if
this fad will pass-and the day will again come when
a young man who has written a novel will also be
able o crack a smrile. I hope so. Dickens did, and
a lot of others, not all forgotten.—R. L. Duffus in
“Nation’s Business.”
Good words in the Soviet Constitution mean less
than nothing. The Soviet citizens live in fear. Their
society is a jungle through which the naked power
of government prowls like a beast of prey, making
all men afraid.—Presid.-at Truman,
It is not a question of guns or butter. We are go
ing to have guns and butter—except that we must
be content with less butter. — Charles E. Wiison,
defense mobilizer.
In any country, a decent standard of living is the
best answer to communism.—Governor G. Mennen
Williams of Michigan.
THE BANNER-HERALD, ATPENS, GECRGIA
Stabbing Friend
DENVER, Nov. 1 — (AP) — An
Army Vetrean of Korean fighting
being held for investigation into
the stabbing of a Sergeant on a
troop train has denied respon
sibility for “this awful mess.”
He is Pfe. George W. Carroll, 39
of Brunswick, Ga., held under
Lt. Col. C. V. Lyle referred to
in this story is better known to
many Athens friends as Valeo
IL.yle, graduate of Athens High
Schoo! and the Universitv of
Georgia. For several years he
was a member of the news staff
of the Banner-Herald and served
both as Soorts Editor and City
Editor. His wife is the former
Katherine Seagraves. also of
Athens., After World War Two
he was in command of the mili
tary guard that nrotected Presi
dent Roosevelt, Stalin and
Churchill at the Yalta Confere
nee and later was Publie Rela
tions Officer for General Mac-
Arthur’s headguarters in Tokyo.
military arrest in the Denver City
jail in connection with the in
vestigation of the stabbing.
“God knows I'm not quilty of
this awful thing” Carroll told a
reporter last night. “The only
knife I ever carried was a bayonet
on the end of my rifle.”
Sgt. First Class Richard F. Ro
berts, 32, of Millen, Ga., was
stabbed 12 times in his chest last
Saturday as the troop train crossed
Southern Yyoming.
Roberts was in Fitzsimons Army
Hospital here and his condition
was reported critical. He, too, is
a Korean veteran.
They reached Seattle last Thurs
day on Rotation from the Korean
front and with several hundred
others boarded the troop train for
Fort Jackson, 8. C., and reassign
ment.
"Lt. Col. C. V. Lyle, Public In
formation officer for the Colorado
military district, said Roberts to
day identified Carrolli as his as
sailant.
Col. Lyle said the train com
mander took bloody clothing from
Carroll who was auestioned and
arrested by the Army’s Criminal
Inverstigating Division when the
train reached Denver Saturday.
Carrol told the reporter that
he had been dringing and “got in a
iight, because someone beat the
plumb devil out of me.”
He said he didn’t think the fight
could have been with the wounded
Sergeant.
“We were buddies,” Carroll
said. “We were in Japan together
after getting out of Korea. T had
nothing to fight with him for.
“I don’t know how I got that
blood on my fatigues that they
claimed was there. I passed out.
I didn’t know anything.”
Col. Lyle said that there was de
ifinite evidence the two men fought
’but not why.
The knife has not been found.
1 Akttt &
|
. |
Cavalecade i
(Continued from Column One, |
Editorial Page.) |
would become largely ashes at the
hands of Sherman’s invasion and‘
then rise again greater than be
fore. The City’s history, through
out: frontier town. war casualty,
capital, and wmetropolis, the At
lanta of the Old and of the New, ‘
has provided considerable romance
and glamour for the Georgia Story
which is generally romantic. Many
books and articles have foasted |
Atlanta., In 1860 the County of|
Fulton was far from being Geor
gia’s largest county. Today it has
more than three times the popula
aion of Chatham, which led in
population then but is not even a
close second today. Atlanta as al
modern city is treated in detail in
a Cavalcade section dealing with‘
her rise from the ashes to become |
the leader of The New South. 1
SRR SRR e !
| COME'N GET IT |
WITH THE FIRST MARINE |
DIVISION IN KOREA — (AP) —!
Staff Sgt. Roy L. Watson, jr., a
battalion mess sergeant from Den
ison, Tex., has a hint for the
housewife who can’t rouse her
family for breakfast:
Just have a battery of Marine
rockets fire at daybreak.
| Leathernecks who have stood al
fighting wvigil all night usually
would rather sleep than attend
breakfast. But when Sgt. Watson |
learned the rockets were going to
fire on a Communist-held hill at
daybreak he had the foresight to
geramble a full ration of eggs. Five
minutes after the last roar Sgt.
Watson had the chow-line going.
A full complement of wide-awake
Marines was there, all hungry. too.
The brightness of the full moon
is about 8,000 billion billion can
dlepower. |
TONIGHT'S
_‘\fic DIAL 96
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THE NIGHT
JAPANESE TRADE JUMPS
MANILA —(AP)— The Philip
pine Islands trade with Japan was
second only to that of the United
States in the first half of i 951. Ex
perts predict the voluma of trade
with the former enemy nation
will jump still more sharply once
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the Japanese peace treaty is rati
fied early next year. |
| Japan's import and export trade
with the Philippines was 17 por\
cent of the total for the half-year, |
| compared to 67 per gent for thol
United States. |
' A Bureau of Census and Statis~
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B Knoxville, Middlesbara, Corbin, Johnson City,
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IT COSTS LESS AT —
' 09 ABHIAST
BROAD
STREET
THE SOUTN'S LARGEST WOME Fynnigngas PHONE 2600
tics report showed the total volume
of foreign trade rose from . $330,-
519,000 in the first six months of
1950 to $448,849,000 in the firet
half of this year,
SAME ALL OVER
SINGAPORE—(AP)—This Bri
tish erown colony ecity, likc much
THURSDAY, NOVEMBE:R 1, 1953,
of the rest of the world, has a
houlmi ahortage.
' S 0 when the Singapore Improve.
ment Trows announced ft would
receive applications for new
houses, a crowd of 8,000 stormed
its oftices. Police had 0 be
called to control throngs elamoy.
ing to get application forms,