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Ike tells a Cincinnati reporier in 1949 he “isn’t in politics, hasn’t
been, isn't going to be.” Despite such repeated disavowals, top GOP
leaders like Dewey, Lodge and Duff insisted he was their man.
SURE, YOU'VE GOT A SCHWA,
BUT DON'T WORRY ABOUT IT
By SAUL PETT
(Fer Hal Boyle)
Oh, come on now. You've got a
Schwa. Truman has a schwa. So
has Eisenhower. Likewise Church
ill, Yogi Berra, Senator Taft, Shir
ley Temple, Frank Costello.
Everybody has a schwa because a
schwa knows no barriers of sex,
politics, class or geography.
Before you retire in confusion to
the sports pages, let it be ex
plained quickly what a schwa is.
In a discussion of pronunciation,
the technology review of the Mas
sachusetts Institute of Technology
says:
“Much of the variability in pro
nunciation of a given word arises
from a strong tendency of some
English vowel sounds to lose their
individuality, and to be replaced
by a neutral sound which phoneti
cians call the ‘schwa.’”
Schwa, Schmo, or Sknook
You must understand, though,
that the Schwa is not the phonetic
spelling of the sound made. It
simply is a name given by the ex
perts to the sound. It could just as
easily have been called schmo or
shnook.
So what is a schwa?
" A schwa, says the technology
review, is the sound “produced by
expulsion of breath with the vocal
organs in a generally relaxed po
sition” and “decidedly resembles a
grunt or groan.”
The technology review adds:
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YAE BANNEX-HERALD, ATHENS, GRORGIA < '~
“The schwa occurs frequently in
even the most precisely spoken
English. For example, the vowels
of ‘above’ can be pronounced in no
other way. If the reader will say
this word aloud, he can satisfy
himself that both the “A” and the
“0” are pronounced with the equi
valent of a grunt.”
Couldn’t Groan
Readers who try this simple test
and do not come up with a grunt
are earnestly advised to contact
M. I. T., not me. I tried it aloud,
16 times without a single grunt or
groan. It was the guy next to me
who groaned.
Anyway, the review says, the
schwa is replacing more and more
vowels in both good and bad Eng
lish. Asa “random” example, the
phrase, “Massachusetts Institute of
Technology,” was cited.
“When these words are pro
nounced with utmost formality,”
the review says, “the schwa occurs
in three additional places: the ‘E’
of ‘Massachusetts,” the second ‘l’
of ‘lnstitute, and the second ‘O’
in “Technology.’”
Thus, if we use a question mark
for the schwa sound, the colloquial
pronunciation of this phrase is
“Mass?chus?etts ?f Technol?gy.”
Get it? Well, now that you un
derstand the schwa, don't worry
about it, for the review points out:
“Such free use of the schwa
does not endanger intelligibility,
as the consonant framework of
: s e E
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Back in uniforms, 1950, Ike be
g£an second “crusade.” His jobx{
to defend Europe; no politics. . .}
many words identifies them fully
and the context makes meanings
clear. In fact, easy speech with
liberal use of the schwa sound has
acceptance today as the standard
for radio and the stage.”
A tribe of bushmen who live on
the franges of the Kalahari desert
in Africa has its own version of
the schwa. Actually, it's more of
a click than a schwa.
“The language of these people,”
says the review, “is described as
consisting mainly ‘of clicks made
with the tongue against the roof
of the mouth . . . Although the
English-speaking person employs
clicks only in addressing horses or
other animals, it is striking to note
the predominance in current
American speech of a sgimilarly
rudimentary sound—the schwa.”
Feel better now?
Forest Service
Wins Test Case
In Grazing Row
DENVER — A key case in the
struggle for control of the national
forests has ended in favor of the
United States Forest Service.
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replacing the ill-fated Flying Enterprizse which he strove valiantly
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“IKE SAYS ‘GO AHEAD'” e : Ry A TR
« + . but Senators Lodge and Duff (inset) went ahead with plans to “Draft Ike.” When the general
eame home in November o report on NATO, most speculation concerned his political future, Ike L
played coy, but left door open for “my friends” who “know how I would react.” Now. it’s oren wider. &
For years the Forest Service has
fought to cut down the number of
cattle and sheep grazed by private
ranchers in certain parts of the
western national forests. Its ex
perts claimed the forest lands
were overgrazed and were suffer
ing consequent rapid deterioration
which threatened the West’s water
supply from the high mountains.
They also have claimed that the
fees paid by stockmen for grazing
are much lower than fees charged
by private owners of grazing
lands.
Only a minority of stockmen
graze their stock in the national
forests, but some of these have
charged the Forest Service is an
impractical, bureaucratic outfit
trying to drive them out of busi
ness.
Formerly there was no appeal
beyond the Forest Service itself
from an order cutting down the
number of head that might be
grazed, or the length of the graz
ing season, but in 1950, Secretary
of Agriculture Charles F. Bran
nan formed a special departmental
board to serve as a court of last
resort in difficult cases.
Prolonged Dispute
The test case was that of “al
lotments” for grazing on the Un
compaghre National Forest in
western Colorado, where a dispute
had dragged on for 15 years be
tween the stockmen using the
forest and its administrators. The
latter had tried to cut down graz
ing.
The board held long hearings in
Colorado early in 1951, and later
two of its members toured the
Uncompaghre Forest themselves to
observe conditions.
Still later, Earl D, Sandvig, as
sistant regional forester here who
had been the principal Forest
Service witness testifying for the
cutdown, was transferred to a
similar job in Oregon. Conser
vationists charged that the trans
fer was to assuage the Uncom
paghre stockmen and others. How=
ever, complaints lessened when
his successor, Fred H. Kennedy,
of Oregon, was seen to have the
same aggressive attitude in pro
tecting the forests. «
Recently, nearly 11 months af
ter the hearings, the departmental
board of appeals made its ruling.
It upheld completely the right of
the Forest Service to limit num
bers of livestock on the national
forests and to set the length of the
grazing season. Forest Service ex
perts had complained that the
grass was grazed too early, before
it could get a good start, and too
late in the fall so that it was in
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New Grass Needed
Mr. Brannan said the national
forests need more than restricted
grazing — they need reseeding
where erosion has destroyed grass
and soil, range riding to keep
animals from overgrazing, more
fences, and better salt distribution
for animals.
The ruling s important because
there are scores of other trouble
spots and disputes where Forest
Service experts insist the forests
are being hurt by overgrazing, and
where stockmen insist they are
not. Many million acres of the
western national forests are open
and lush enough for summer graz
ing, and this grazing is a vital
chain in the operations of many
cattle and sheep ranchers.
Members of the appeals board
are from Department of Agricul
ture agencies other than the Forest
Service. They include John C.
Bagwell of the solicitor’s office,
George R. Phillips of Mr. Bran
nan’s own staff, Edward Grest of
the Soil Conservation Service,
John A. Goe of the Production and
Marketing Administration, and
Stanley A. Fracker of the Re
search Division. The board has
several other cases before it.