Newspaper Page Text
Korcan Kids Utilize.
Outdoors For Studies
i) By NEA Foreign Service
. SEOUL, Korea—ln the distance,
. the rattle of small arms fire was
. constant and nerve-racking. It
{ might have been UN troops or
¢ Communist troops firing for prac
{ tice—or it might have been a real
&@nd bloody skirmish.
Whatever it was, the young wo
man standing on the hillside did
not stop™talking. And the group of
children squatting around her
continved to listen.
The young woman was a Ko
rean school teacher and the group
of intent children were her pupils.
- The scene is repeated daily on
dozens of similar hillsides, as well
~as in river beds, parks, ware
houses, public stairways and
- woodlands—in fact, wherever the
teachers have been able to find
space enough to set up shop.
In two years of fighting, nearly
half of all the schools in Korea
have been destroyed. Buildings
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that somehow managed to escape
| bombing and shelling by air forces
| and artillery were pock-marked
| and shattered .in infantry skirm
| ishes as the battle lines surged
back and forth,
. o ow
When peace talks began and
the battle lines were stabilized
about a year ago, Korea's Min
| ister of Education, Dr. L. George
Paik, ordered the republic’s teach=
ers to reopen their schools.
The teachers replied that there
were no schools to reopen, Those
that had not been destroyed were
being used as hogpitals, barracks
and refugee campus. But Paik told
them to set up classes anywhere
th2y could find free space.
“They carried out the order lit
erally,” he says. And Korea's
children are going on with their
education, using little boards for
desks, straw mats for chairs, and
a patch of sanay ground and a
WEDNESDAY, APRIL 30, 1952.
stick instead of paper and pencils,
Relief is on the way from Amer
fca in the formx of tents and
“school units” sent by the Save
the Children Federation.
. ¢ ¥
The Korean children have ac
cepted the improvised school pro
gram. After long months of dan
| ger, wandering and death, they
have had to become experts in
the pusiness of staying alive.
As an illustration of their cour
age, Dr. Y. C. Yang, Korean ame
bassador to the U.'S,, tells of two
orphans he saw in Seoul,
“Poking around in the ruins was
an eight-year-old girl,” he says.
“On her back was strapped a
four-year-old boy. A’ policeman
asked if the boy was her brother,
She said ‘no. She said her entire
family had been killed in a bomb
burst that destroyed their home.
“When the raid was over, she
found this little boy fo'lowing her
and crying. He said he had lost his
father and mother and had noth
ing to eat and no place to go.
So the little girl gathered the lit
tle boy up on her back and took
him along with her. She hunted
for food enough to keep them both
alive. Then Seoul was recaptured
and the friendly policeman found
her and took them both to an
orphange.”
VET ‘LITTERED’ BY MUMPS
SAN DIEGO, Calif. — (AP) —
The “doughnut king” of Korea,
Pfc. Jack Lueken, 21, of San Die
go, went unscathed through four
trips to the Korean front, but
nevertheless arrived home on a
stretcher.
The soldier, attached to the 24th
Infantry, picked up a case of the
mumps en route back aboard a
transport which docked recently
in Seattle.
“They insisted I ge carried off
as a litter case,” Leuken said,
“even though I felt so glad at be
ing back I could have carried the
two corpsmen who were packing
me.”
Lueken toured the war front in
a “doughnut wagon” that turned
out 2500 sinkers at a time. He
was assigned to Special Services
and was master of ceremonies for
Jack Benny shows in Korea.
The area of hot temperatures
near the equator usually is wider
in continental areas than over the
oceans.
In the middle latitudes the
oceans tend to have rainy winters
while continental areas have dry
winters. .
In desert areas, especially those
with very little vegetation, the
range of temperature in a single
day is usually much greater than
' in wetter areas.
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MILK SUPPORT PROGRAM—An unique milk support program
is instituted near Copenhagen, Denmark, by Julie, the Jersey.'
Julie injured her leg, and amputation was necessary. The frugal
. veterinarian fitted her with an artificial limb, and Julie now romps
in the pasture nearly as well as before./ .
Unions Find South [s
Tough Nut To Crack
BY LATHAM MIMS
CHARLOTTE, N. C.—(AP)—
Among the nation’s major indus
tries, organized labor has found
the Southern textile industry one
of its strongest nuts to crack.
The CIO moved into the South
in 1946 in a much-heralded “Op
eration Dixie” which had textiles
as its biggest target. Thousands
of -dollars - were poured into the
drive and the ClO’s Textile Work
ers Union of America sent its
crack organizers into the South
ern mill villages.
Today, regardless of how one
views the controversial labor
management picture, two con
clusions stand out:
I—From the standpoint of the
number of local unions and total
membership in the textile field,
Operation Dixie has failed.
2—But the constant prospect of
unionization does have a broad in
fluence upon the industry in the
South,
The Southern textile man gives
THE BANNER-HERALD, ATHENS, GEORGIA ~
a lot of reasons why the industry
has moved Soyth. But the type of
workers and his production are
the most often cited.
Honest Day’s Work
“The Southern worker will give
an honest day’s work for an hon
est day’s pay,” the Southern tex
tile men chorus. He outproduces
the Northern textile worker, they
insist, and many add that union
ization has a great deal to do with
the difference in production.
Union leaders North and South
deny this and no figures are
readily available from either
management or labor sources to
justify the claim. The North’s in
dustry is largely organized; the
South’s largely unorganized.
One union organized disputed
the statement that the Southern
worker works harder, from the
standpoint of actual energy out
wt. He said modern machinery
and other conditions account for
much of the production superior
ity which Southern manufacturers
say they have.
Union spokesmen attribute their
organizational failures to a solid
wall of opposition. Whole commu-~
nities, the union people report,
have been mabilized into action on
the appearance of a CIO organ
izer and resultant anti-union cam
paigns have been carried on by
segments of the press, pulpit and
schools. Deep emotional forces,
they say, have been brought into
play and Southern racial prejudi
ces have been fanned.
Union Obstacle
But one union official said the
biggest obstacle his organizers
have faced is the memory of the
worker himself. The average
worker, he reported, remembers
the day when he worked 60 hours
a week for sls and less. Now with
his higher pay — about $1.26 an
hour—and higher living standards,
he gives little thought to joining
a union. .
Regardless of causes, the fact
remains that textile union mem
bership in the South is numeri
i cally low. Of the South’s 600,000
workers, the Textile Workers Un
jon of America claims a dues pay=-
ing membership of less than 70,
000. The AFL United Textile
Workers of America has about
40,000 members.
Union spokesmen say the day
is coming when the Southern
worker will want greater protec
tion in determining his working
conditions and he will turn to the
unions, They report they now
have organizers in such traditional
anti-union strongholds as Kan
napolis, N. C.,, and Anderson,
S
The TWUA strategy now seems
to be this: We have plenty of
time, so we'll go about our busi
ness in a quiet way, waiting for
managements to make mistakes.
Healthy Formula
But management spokesmen say
these mristakes won't be coming as
often as they did back in the
twenties. They report they have
evolved a healthy labor relations
formula that precludes unioniza
tion. This formula includes ‘“‘ade
quate and just” wages, bonuses,
paid vacations ranging up to two
weeks for five-year workers, and
paid holidays.
There is a trend toward pen
sions, Many companies give free
hospital and life insurance. Others
offer it at low rates. Community
wide recreational and athletic
programs, financed by the mills,
are widespread.
The Burlington Company has
set up an educational loan fund
for its 34,000 workers and their
children, loaning them money for
college and cther technical school
training.
~ Promotion within the- plants,
mranagement sources say, is now
‘on merit and not on mere senior
ity or favoritism by supervisors.‘
And, management says, work
loads are studied carefully by ex
perts who consult the individual
workers.
All these factors have contrib- ]
uted to the industry’s revolution
in the South and the employers‘
admit that the change is better for
them as well as the worker. In |
fact, one of them exclaimed, “I
would close my plants before re
turning to the fatback days of 20
years ago!”
There is no place in' England
more than 18 miles from a rail
way line, says the National Geo
graphie Society. %
Air pressure at 16,000 ifeet
above sea level is about half that |
at sca level
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