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PAGE FOUR
ATHENS BANNER-HERALD
Published Every Evenhg Except Saturday and
Sunday and on Sunday Morning by Athens Pub
lishing Company, Entered at the Post Office at
Athens, Ga., as second olass mail matter,
E. B. BRASWELL ........ Editor and Publisher
B. C. LUMPKIN .............. Assoclate Editor
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patches.
DAILY MEDITATIONS
5 Have you a favorite Bible
verse? Mail to—
¢ Holly Heights Chapel.
A. F. Pledger,
" Humble yourselves therefore under the mighty
hand of God, that he may eéxalt you in due time.
Casting all your care upen him for he careth
for you.~2nd Peter 5:6-7.
UN Armistice Offer To Reds
.
Has Unusual, Stormy History
! BY PETER EDSON
NEA Washington Correspondent
WASHINGTON.—(NEA)—A heap of controversy
{s piled up in two basic policy decisions that have
been made by the United Nations on conduét of the
Korean truce negotiations.
The first is that UN forces in Korea will continue
40 abide by the Geneva convention of 1949 on the
treatment of North Korean and Chinese Communist
prisoners of war.
The second is the offer t¢ permit Communist
forces $@ bulld airfields in North Korea during a
truce, im exchange for agreement that the United
Nations will return to the Communists only those
prisoners of war who wish to go back,
Thig s the background.
In the early days of the Korean war, the guard
ing of captured North Koreans was largely en
trusted #o¢ South Koreans. There were two main
reasons. The first was that tde South Koreans spoke
the language of their captives and presumably
knew how to handle them. ‘the second was the
necessity of releasing all possible U. 8. and UN
troops for combat duty.
Republic of Korea forces had never heard of any
Geneva eonvention on the humane treatment of
vrisoners of war. When a Communist prisoner
valled some insult through the barbed wire to a
South Korean guard, the South Korean simply
furned around and shot him.
In this period there was little trouble from pris
onzrs, But violations of the Guneva convention with
resard to humane treatment of prisoners were so
numerous that General Matthew B. Ridgway, then
commanding the field forces, had to make a change.
The ROK's were withdrawn fronr guard duty and
UN troops took over.
OVERCROWDING WAS MAIN
CAUSE OF TROUBLE
There is no evidence that any orders were given
to “coddle” the Communist prisoners. But it was
uhder this more human treatment that first*trouble
arose in the prison camps, about a year ago. Hu
mane treatment was not, however, the only factor,
Concentration and overcrowding of prisoners in
copounds on Koje Island was a primary cause. An
anparent decision on the part of the Communists to
1.2:e propaganda for the return of all prisoners
ard to make this a condition of the cease-fire agree
ment i 8 what really stirred up the riots and led to
th» capture of Brigadier General Colson.
Just before General Ridgway turned over his Far
Fast command, he recommeprded to his successar,
General Mark Clark, that this policy on humane
troctment of Communist priscners be reviewed.
"he little-known but all-important point to ob
scve here is that the United States itself has not
ratified the 1949 Geneva convention on the hu
mane treatment of prisoners of war. The treaty
was sent to the U. S. Senate for ratification on
April 26, 1951.
But there has been no pressure on the part of the
White House or the U. S. State Department to have
the Senate Foreign Relations Committee hold hear
ings and bring to a vote on the Senate floor the
question of U. S. ratification of the Geneva conven~
tion,
So legally, the U. S. is free t¢ treat its captives in
Korea as roughly as it pleases. This is doubly so
because Soviet Russia, Red China and North Korea
have not ratified the convention, either.
PUBLIC SUPPORTS MORAL
GROUND OF DECISION
But for humane reasons and common decency, the
decision has been made for the U. S. and the UN to
observe the Geneva convention terms. This is said
to set a good example to the rest of the world. It
makes the surrender and capture of more prisoners
easier. It prevents retaliation against Americans
and other UN troops held captive by the Com=
munists.
“When the whole purpose of the Geneva conven=-
tion is humanitarian,” says the U, S. State Depart
ment, “it is unthinkable that governments , . . will
seek to use it as a means or justification for inflict
ing physical coercion or death upon prisoners who
violently oppose repatriation.
“There is no doubt that the UN command is
within its legal and moral right in maintaining that
the armistice agreement should mnrake appropriate
provisions to assure that the United Nations will
not be required to repatriate prisoners against their
will”
The high moral ground of this decision has been
generally supported by U. S. public opinion, It is,
nevertheless, considered a high price to pay for
allowing the Communists to rebuild airfields in
North Korea during an armistice—if the Commun
ists accept this deal.
General Ridgway is believed to have opposed this
offer, even though he announced it last May 7. The
reasoning is this:
At the present time Communist jet planes based
in Manchuria can carry enough fuel to reach only
the 38th parallel. Using reconstructed airfields in
North Korea, they would command all Korea.
With the build-up of Communist airpower to
superiority, the Red hordes might be able to drive
UN forces off the peninsula. If that should happen,
Japar. itself would be almost indefensible,
The greatest threat to freedom is too much gove
e.nment.—Airlines President Eddie Rickenbacker.
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.
The Voters Of The Nation
- .
Benefit Either Way
Southerners, long the target for citicism in other
sections of the nation, are having a field day as
they regard the happenings attendant upon the
opening of the Republican National Convention,
July 7, in Chicago.
While the spectacle now being enacted in Chicago,
and previously in Texas, Louisiana and several
other states, is not exactly edifying, it is impres
sively illuminating.
The nation is being treated to a startling example
of power politics, as well as about the highly de
veloped type of smear tactics exhibited on the nat
ional scene since 1928.
And it is not in the Democratic cammp, either, but
in the Union League wing of the Republican Party.
The Taft people captured the key posts in the
convention set-up and while the steam-roller tactics
being employed by them have brought horrible
screams from the more-or-less amateur ranks of
General Eisenhower, they are grinding right along.
Latest illustration of the Taft methods was the
barring of radio and television from the hearings
on contested delegations. However, it was to be ex
pected since there was nothing else the Taft forces
could do. If they had allowed the hearings to be
televised, they would be giving millions and mil
lions of American people—voters next November——
a first hand view of how power politics operate,
even when they concern the highest office in the
land. In denying television and raido to bring the
hearings into the living room of American homes,
the Taft people run a frightful risk, it is true.
They must have some sort of explanation as to
why they took such action—and it naturally cannot
be the true reason. The Eisenhower people are
shouting that if there is nothing to keep from the
people, if there is no shame to hide, if the whole
thing is not a big “steal,” the people should be al
lowed to watch the entire proceedings.
The Taft people have not replied to that one and
chances are they will not. In practical politics, you
never go on the defensive, else you are lost. You
must either keep on the oifensive, or switch the
subject. They were in the middle of a bad situation.
If they denied television and radio coverage, it was
bad, but if they allowed this coverage they were
lost.
But it is nice, for a change, to see the two oppo
sition camps “pulling the covers” off each other and
to realize that politics is politics, no matter at what
level. And that the South s not the only plate
where political skull-duggery is practiced.
.
Just A Reminder |
. : s |
Tourists and business visitors have a way of
measuring cities and towns. They form good and
bad impressions through physical appearances of
the business and residential areas an dthe kind of
treatment they receive from the citizens. ]
It's something for every community, large or |
small, to keep in mind. . l
The town that has an unkempt, unpainted ap
pearance has an adverse effect upon the newcomer.
Dirty restrooms and other facilities brand communi
ties and business operators es careless and negli
gent,
In contrast, freshly painted, meodernized fronts,
clean restaurants, hotels and other facilities make
good impressions. Those things, plus courteous,
*friendly service, cause peopie to want to come back.
We should measure ourselves and our towns and
cities by the same yardstick which tourists and
visitors use. If we don't measure up, then changes
are in order.—Moultrie Observer. l
1
Parole
Light on the nature of parole, the most misunder
stood and sometimes the rost abused method of |
release procedures, is thrcwn in a ruling of the
United States Court of Appeals in New York. A
prisoner’s parole is the same as being confined to
prison, the court said.
The court was speaking, of course, of federal
parole, which has sought to establish itself as a
model for state procedyres. Involving factors of‘
human judgment and individual behavior, even the
most scrupulous and vigilant parole is bound to ex
hibit fallibilities and failures. l
The Circuit Court of Appeals notwithstanding,
parole is not the same as being confined to prison. '
What the court meant is that parole is supervised |
and revocable, The parolee is not, to that extént,
free, |
Free under controls, the parolee is given a chance,
in optimum circumstances, to demonstrate his ca
pacities for adjustment to the normral, lawful social
order. If he fails, he goes back to jail.
Failures are sometimes spectacular, even lethal.
Most failures are due to improper parole proce
dures, political interference and misconception on
the part of penological authoritiessof the function
and purpose of parole,
Between unconditional release, at the expiration
of sentence, and parole, the weight of social advan~
tage seems to lie on the side of parole, There are ‘
other procedures. In most states the courts are au
thorized to place persons convicted of crimes on%
prokation, in lieu of commitment to a penal institu- |
tion, Pardon is an executive function. In the fed
eral jurisdiction, there is conditional release.
Yet parole, an administrative function, renrains
the most controversial. At its best, it merits public
understanding and support. In its failures it chal
lenges the vigilance of public attention and the
pressure of informed opinion.
It seems like the world has had more than its
share of wars as long as I can remember. — 106-
year-old Confederate Arnmry veteran William D.
Townsend. *
THE BANNER-HER\LD, ATHIENS, GEORGIA
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y INSIDE 4
V' THE REPUBLICAN PARTY
How much do you know about
what’s happening inside the two
parties as convention time ap
proaches? Here’s the penetrating
story on the struggle for poli
tical power, detailed by John
Gunther, one of this genera
best-known reporters. This is
the first of his five articles on
the Republican Party, written
exclusively for NEA Service and
Banner-Herald. They follow his
four “inside” reports on the
Democratic Party, just publish
ed.
By JOHN GUNTHER
Written For NEA Service
The first thing to say, looking
Open
12:48
NOW SHOWING
"FRANCIS GCES
so WEST POINT
starring
DONALD O'CONNOR
LORI NELSON
and
“FRANCIS” The Talking Mule.
MR T N M R P MM, MO S
12:45
LAST TIMES TODAY
“TARZAN’S SAVACE”
FURY”
with LEX BARKER
FRIDAY — SATURDAY
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Railroad Schedules
SEABOARD AIRLINE RY.
Arrival and Departure of Trains
Athens, Georgia
Leave for Eiberton, Ham)et and
New York and East—
-3:30 p. m.—Air Conditioned.
8:48 p. m.—Air Conditioned.
Leave for Elberton, Hamlet and
East—
-12:15 a. m.—(Local).
Leave for Atlanta, South and
West—
-5:45 a. m.~Air Conditioned
4:30 a. m.—(Local).
2:57 p. m.~Air Conditioned.
CENTRAL OF GEORGIA
RAILROAD
Arrives Athens (Daily, Except
Sunday) 12:35 p. m.
Leaves Athens (Daily, Except
Sunday) 4:15 p. m.
GEORGIA RAILROAD
Mixed Trains.
Week Day Only
rain No. §1 Arrives 900 a m
Irain No. 50 Departs 7.00 p. m.
Gall and Wormwood
into the exposed viscera of the
Republican Party, is that this
make-or-break campaign is prob
ably the most critical in its his
tory. And for several reasong it
differs strikingly from any other
presidential campaign in recent
years. As to wit:
1. For the first time since 1928—
one could even say 1924—both
conventions, not just one, are as
open as a sword swallower’s gul
let. For inore than 20 years, the
American people have watched the
campaigns go into the home
stretch with thé candidate of at
least one party unmistakably vis
ible. But ngt today. It’s a fight at
both™ conventions.
2. For the first time since 1928,
neither candidate i¢ an incumbent
of the White House. For the first
time in six elections, the major
issue is not that of re-electing
somebody. (Hoover succeeded
himself 'as candidate in 1932,
Roosevelt served four terms, and
Truman followed Truman in
1948.)
3. For the first time since 1936,
the Revublicans do not know
what they will be up against.
When FDR and Truman were
running the opposition knew ex
actly whom it had to attack.
4. This will be the first elec
tion fought under the full, piti
less, impartial,. and terrifyingly
glassy eye of television.
5. Not since the McAdoo-Smith
fight in 1924 has there been such
intra-party bitterness on either
gside. The Talft and Eisenhower
forces are slugging at each other,
within the Republican Party, fully
as much as at any Democrat. The
Eisenhower people say, “If you
nominate Taft it means suicide.”
The Taft people say, “This is a
struggle for survival.”
The tactics of Taft supporters
in picking pro-Taft men for all
top convention jobs show that
they take this struggle for sur
vival in a highly personal way
and are determined to preserve
their party control regardless of
the effect upon the election.
6. Not since Gen. Leonard Wood
in 1920 has either party consid
ered a military man for president.
Not since Theodore Roosevelt in
1901 has a military man become
president, and T. R. was not a
regular army officer.
7. In a manner of speaking,
what is at stake is not merely the
presidenncy of the United States
but-~the Soviets and their allies
excluded—the presidency of the
World.
Lhe great overriding advantage |
the Republicans have, as they see ;
it, is the desire of people for a ’
change. The Democrats have been
in power for 20 uninterrupted {
years, and 20 years is a long, long |
time. The issue goes beyond such |
obvious items as that the GOP is
avid for power or that the Dem
ocratic administration is fraying
at the edges.
It is not merely, the Republi
cans say, that Washington im
peratively needs a change of face,
new direction, and fresher blood.
What counts, on a high level, is
the survival of the American
two-party system. Give the Dem- |
ocrats another four years, and the
two-party system might be dead i
as Ptolemy.
Hence, many independents and |
some convinced Democrats are i
expected to vote Republican this
year if the GOP candidate is |
somebody they can gulp down ;
without too much pain, like Eis- '
enhower or Warren. !
*% » l
The overriding Republican dis- |
advantage is in the realm of blunt, '
X HARLEM % f
Wednesday - Thursday : l
X “FROCMEN" +
P9M x :
cold, and possibly ifmmutable
statistics. It 1s that the GOP,
which for more than a genera
tion was the majority party, is
now the minority party. Frank
lin D. Roosevelt, with some as
sists from history, changed the
prevailing political complexion. of
this country from Republican to
Democratic.
The GOP elephant (until the
middle 30s) was axiomatically
considered to be very much big
ger than the Democratic donkey.
But the elephant has shrivelled,
and the donkey has cardinally
grown.
A recent Gallup poll, working
on the basis of an estimated elec
torate of 55 million, puts the Dem
ocrats at 21.5 million, the Repub-~
licans at 18.5 million, and inde
pendents at 15 million. If a can
didate, to win, must get some
thing over 271, million votes, this
means that the Democrats need
pick up only 6 million inde
pendents, whereas the Republi
cans must pick up 9 million.
Moreover, in the past five elec
tions, the independent vote has
been prevailingly Democratic. No
Republican can possibly win un
less he makes enormous inroads
on either the Democratic or the
independent vote. This is not a
matter of opinion, but of basic
fact.
This, incidentally, serves to
make somewhat ridiculous the re
cent outcries by Taft and others
that Democrats have been voting
for Eisenhower in Republican pri
maries, and that this is “immoral”
and an “outrage.”
If a lot of Democrats don’t vote
Republican in November, Eisen
hower will be back at Columbia,
and Taft's address will still be
care the Senate, not Pennsylvania
Avenue.
Tomorrow: The main issues
before the GOP.
Aftpr swimming care of your
elasticized bathing suit should con
sist of gently squeezing the suit
through lukewarm soaps/uds;
working soap into soiled spots
with a soft washcloth; and rinsing
thoroughly and drying in shade.
Never use an iron.
Portland is the largest city in
Maine.
Will Be Clcsed
July 4th. & sth.
Defense Poster
Toße Displayed
A brilliant, four color new De
fense Bond poster will appear on
all Athens postal trucks begin
ning July Ist Postmaster 8. C
King announced today. It will be
seen on all post office trucks here
and in the rest of the United
States during July.
Mr. King said the new poster
was created by one of the coun
try's leading poster artists. Its
patriotic pictorial theme surrounds
a design of Defense Bonds and
carries the slogan, “Now Even
Better, Invest More in Defense
Bonds.” He said that cooperation
such as the general display of the
new poster is selling more and
more people on systematic savings
through regular purchase of De
fense Bonds. Athens people have
been buying their E bonds from
local Post Office stations since the
bonds were made available to the
public almost 12 years ago. Infor
mation on the improved E Bond
can be obtained at all local office
stations, Postmaster King said.
e e S
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::4.~.;.;::;;_'¢g:~:;.:.;.»:;.;'.:E; BR R B \ \B by
James D. Hendrix, seaman ap
prentice, USN, son of Mr. and Mrs.
Tom B. Hendrix of Royston, (Ga.,
is servinsg aboard the destroyer es
cort USS Foss, oPerating as a unit
of the U. S. Pacific Fleet.
Hendrix entered the Naval ser
vice Jan. 2, 1952, and received his
recruit training at the Naval
Training at the Naval Training
Center, San Diego, Calif.
Before entering the Navy, he
was graduated from Royston High
School, and was employed by the
Tri-County Hatchery.
U. S. NAVAL AIR STATION,
SAN DIEGO, CALlF.—Another
sailor trained with the ray guns
used by the Penny Arcades, is
James E. Koger, airman, USN,
son of Mr. and Mrs. Guy M. Koger
of South Spring, Washington, Ga,,
who has completed the course in
aerial gunnery here.
Movies were flashed on a screen
simulating attack by enemy
planes. The students fire at the
planes using a beam of light for
“ammunition’.
Going from the simple “lead ‘em
and shoot” technique of the
movies, he was taught the use of
the complex electronic sights that
automatically computes the speed
and correct sighting point to down
the attacking planes.
U. S. NAVAL BASE, SAN
DIEGO, CALIF. — The destroyer
USS Wedderburn is undergoing
training exercises here.
Serving aboard her is Glennie
H. Jones, jr., boatswain’s mate,
third class, USN, son of Mr. and
Mrs. Glennie H. Jones of 306 East
Washington st., Madison, Ga., and
husband of Mrs. Sara E. Jones of
Route 1, Newborn.
The Wedderburn returned to the
United States in Jan. after serv
ing a 6-month tour of duty in the
Korean area. While the ship was
being resisted and modernized,
her crew members enjoyed a well=-
earned tenure of shore leave and
liberty.
Warm summer months bring
shiploads of tourists into Medi
terrancan and Caribbean ports,
but it's business as usual for men
aboard the USS landing ship, tank,
No. 880 which carries gasoline and
high explosives with such men
aboard as John L. Austin, jr.,
radioman, first class, USN, son of
Mr. and Mrs. John L. Austin of
62 Pine st., Winder, Ga., and hus
band of Mrs. J. L. Austin of 111
Whithley dr., Forest Park.
As part of the Service Force,
Atlantic Fleet, the “880” carries
drummed gasoline, explosives and
gerreral cargo to ports in the Medi
terranean ‘and Caribbean. Since
it was originally designed as an
amphibious vessel, the “880” has
also landed weapons and invasion
forces on foreign beaches under
heavy enemy fire.
FEELING
SLUGGISH
66 6 FOR FAST
RELIEF
HURSDAY, JULY 3, 1853,
Cool - Alr Conditioned - ggq
Nuwé-Z.!K i
Doors Open 12:45
Features: 12:34, 2:99, 4.05, 5:51
7:37, 9:28.
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(UCILLE NORMAN @
“Baby Bottleneck” Cartoone
“News”
DRIVE-IN THEATRE
Doors Open 7:45 ’
First Show 8:15
LAST TIMES TODAY
s ;f-".’. JARE FROMAN star
& 4-'IH W
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Doors .
Onen '
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Features: 1:18, 2:54, 4:32, 6:40,
7:48, 9:26.
_“":Q‘KT TIMES TODAY
The fighting story of the great
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