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cotton° < ilant;; ,Sn ,p 1 ; y e e n ars th ° Quiet life of r 0 ng and Eventful Career in Business, War and Politics. pOUH St’ORK YEARS AND MOUE. and — A The Two Kentucky Ooye. Unrein *** . nn the Northern Fronts er p»vl»"“ ... Cotton I*l»»ter—Knter* CooKreee— ___ jIchii ^v»r—ITeuhlrnt of the Southern (Mleraoy—Imprisonment, Release and Old Ap*>-' ' v" 1 V ' ., nr * than eighty.y*M»«tg6 twnKentncky * bom in widely different sodal 1 spheres, ”°S«d iiDon still more widely d#e#»ih'oaiWs: “ibrriian* Lincoln, in HanlfaT^oW Larne) * t v and Jefferson Davis, In Christian L,* Todd) county; Lincoln' bon* February !fi«09 and Davis on the 8d o£ Juuepre- !I " ' annexation of Tmu, aino a “crisis;” the first issue over which 7Y ° *“*» “ «.o and southern parties ls luutlVe! y northern lit 1843 Um. J jS?^ fr ° nted ea <* other, effective part in t° actlve and ™ost 1844 he was one ofth In Camr ’ ai « n »ud in for Mississippi VtST^ elL ‘ Ct ° rS ciiSimeon tari^ttaTo 77 '? the dto * IStaT ^f XiC ' m ^roglio.S'ihe slater^ itUat far it came up, but faia speech^ mJ h l\ lu 0 ln,1iratte a Position far more moderate than was afterwards attributed to 2S,; ^ n ° e reafc consequence now, but r V 0 " g as curious matter of history, .hat in the heated discussions regarding Texas the threats of disunion came largely from the extreme northern men, while the most eloquent qulogies upon tho union came frorn the south. In a speech on the Oregon question, Feb. 0, 1840, Mr. Davis said: hroin sire to son has descended the love of union in our hearts, as in our historv are mingled the names of Concord and Camden, of \orktown and Saratoga, of Moultrie and Plnttsbiirg, of Chippewa and Erie, of New Orleans and Bunker Hill. Grouped together they form a monument to the common glory of our common country; and where is the southern man who would wish that that monument were less by one of the northern names that constitute the mass?” JEFFERSON DAVE... [From a war time portrait.'],. . jj 0 dark sibyl hailed them at them birth as the coming exponents of' ftn awful struggle. No prophet wonld have dared predict in the dnysof their prominence- that tbe rugged Lincoln was soon to fall, .while the defeated, an invalid during a third of his life, would mrvive his great antagonist for a quarter of a century, outliving all the actors of his, age 1„ the great struggle, yet such was to be the irony of fate. History presents many para doxes, but none greater than this: that the victor should fall in the very hoar of victory uA the defeated live till almost every trace of the conflict had vanished^ to die of mere old age. The ancestors of Jefferson Davis were of pure English stock, but so long resident In America that the typo had become thorough ly southern American. On both sides they wived in the war for American independ ence, his father, Samuel Davis, winning (time distinction in the mounted troops of Georgia. Of his two sons, Jefferson early be came a soldier, while Joseph; ahum of talent, icarcely, If at ell, tofcrier, gained a local rocee* as lawyer and ’ planter' in Mississippi. The brothers were * notably affectionate in childhood, and remained through life devoted to each other. ' '».>hnft.iw “ ■;' Ml ,* ,‘! J ‘ Soon after the birth of Jefferson; Samnel Pavla removed to Mississippi; locating near Woodvflle, in Wilkinson county. The sons there acquired -ah unusually good English education for the time, and at ari early age Jefferson entered Transylvania college, Ken tucky, In 1831, however, President Monroe appointed him a cadet at West Point, whence ha was graduated in 1828, at the early , age of SO. He bad stood high. in. his chum, and at once entered on active duty, though for some time commissioned only as a brevet second lieutenant Promotion was very Bjorn-t***"** 0 "' peaceful huiiia«« — *pn his full com- ana rathe next three years demon strated bis organising capacity, both as in fantry and staff officer on tto northwestern frontier. r ,' ... The year 1831 brought a smprise and many promotions. Black Hawk entered on his fa- rota* campaign, and Jefferson Dayis waa at tnce given an active and i^ipippsibte position torauster in and organise the. new recruits. There has long been a tradition that in this capacity he mustered in the company of Illi- uois volunteers from New Salem and vicinity commanded by Capt, Abraham Lincoln, but there is no record of it - * CAMPAIGNS,4G4HT8® XHEINDIANS. Duly in 1833 Lieut. Davis was transferred ”wn his place to Company B, First United States infantry, and in recognition of his •errioeg Jq the Blade Hawk war was promo ted to a first lieutenancy In the First United States dragoons, of which command he was made adjutant. In this position he made a very brilliant record, not only as an organiser end efficient administrator in gar- nsoa life, but in several active campaigns agajjst the Comanches, Pawnees and other ""10111 And it is at this stage of his career jtafc active, one might say acrid, criticism concerns itself with Jefferson Davis. •"•Jffiters.who persist in attributing tho dwhall of the Bohthbrn Confederacy to Davis Allege that thus early he ex- “®tesd the same faults and virtues which Ma administration in greater and fi'Witoc degree with each successive increase and power. The greatest fault al- yA perkapi, is unreasonable attachment friends and corresponding prejudice ottwperaons. ■ “ Wto while in this service that Lieut. Da- "a.WQqed «pd WPSft daughter of tbe eminent **4president. Zachary Taylor. Her ^Jtja*jWk,fiqi«Pnaud of Fort Crawford, "■^Prairie Du Chien, and his daughter, a "•““ini and refined young lady, was the attraction among the subordinate ™** 1; Wiii| , fline are the romantic sto- £P“ture-by u b *b-*rfedby> ighter, the young couple to on the wostern'bank of son- tent JEITErson DAVIS 1 BIRTHPLACE. !®lppi. Let the young and romantic t££2*V°readaud believe. Suffice it that •odtiSf* •v® 8 ? obdurate for some time, tala* tm** co mpletely reconciled to his •ftert^L/ 10 bitter lay wounded in his * Buena Vista. There i ths^fn 501111 ^ 80 ^ what was said there t 1 Gen. Taylor’s words “Coto ,, been these, or very near theptf ^■Vonf,’tn° U bave saved the day—God 'teiabeti ■ *'° n would have you, she i t oectQr jndge of s mall than I was.” ! Jqjjq a ?° RT YK ARS a tlanter. Dieut. Davis resigned his 'toOn aid located in Mississippi, where COL. JEFFERSON Heroic DAVIS. Action at and Successful Itueria Vista. Whito Mr. Davis was active in congress in July, tbe First regiment of Mississippi volun teers enrolled for the Mexican war elected him their colonel. Ho resigned at once, over took bis regiment at New Orleans, organized and drilled it to a high stute of efficiency, and early in September was on the Rio Grande, 1n the army of his father-in-law, Geu. Zachary Taylor.’ ' A few days later' be pore a conspicuous part in the siege and storming of Monterey, and, as commissioner, aided in drawing up the terras of capitula tion. ..... ..... .. . , Za Five months of comparative quiet followed, and then came the crowning glory of his military career, the achievement of which, more than all else, fixed him firmly In the affections of the southern, people, aided him effectively at each turning point in his subse quent career, made him secretary of war and finally president of the Southern Confeder acy. This was his gallantry, coolness in dan ger and soldierly skill at the battle of Buena Vista, Feb. 23,1847. ■ In July, 1846, Mr. Davis was In congress, in September he was leading his regiment against Monterey; in February, 1847, he was at Buena Vista, and July of the same year found him again a peaceful planter, tho regi ment’s term of service having expired. In August, 1847, the governor of Mississippi ap pointed him a United States senator to fill a vacancy; the legislature in 1848 J re-elected him to complete the term, and in 188(1 re elected him for a full term. The ever, mem orable congress of 1840-VH, at its long session, had adopted the noted “compromise meas ure,” but fully satisfied neither party.* WALKER. MEMMTXOXa^l MALLOKY. BnPBBM. REAGAN. BENJAMIN. TOOMBS. COOTXDKHATR CABINET AND VICE PRESIDENT. The result was the famous Foote-Davis gubernatorial campaign of 185L The “Union” party, as it was called, carried the state by 7,600 majority on the convention question, but Mr. Foote’s majority for governor was but 0*J0—a remarkable proof of the popular ity of Col. Davis. He had resigned bis seat in the senate, and now remained in retire ment till 1853, when be canvassed several states for the Democratic candidates. WAR SECRETARY DAVIS. His Able Administration of the War Do- . *j partment. March 4,1853, President Franklin Pierce named Col. Jefferson Davis as secretary of war. That of Pierce was a strong cabinet, and secretary Davis was certainly among tho strongest men in it. Men of all parties agree that his administration of tho war depart ment was marked by ability and energy, pad many old officers testify that of all secre taries in their time Col. Davis was (save for his quarrel with Gen. Scott) most popular with tho army. He reorganized almost the entire service, drafted a new code of army 4gtilati6b8, i introduced tho light infantrjr rifle system of tactics, tried the experiment of camels for transportation on the south western deserts, added four regiments to the regular army, and improved the entire sys tem of sea coast defenses, lie also had the boundaries between Mexico and the United States fixed accurately, and secured the com plete survey and almost the adoption of tbe southern route for a Pacific railroad. He sent Capt. George B. McClellan and two other officers to the Crimea to study the mili tary tactics of the armies there fin 1854-’5), and was so pleased with their report that he retained warm personal feelings for them even through the civil war. With the events of President Pierce’s ad ministration congress and tbe country may be said to have entered in full course upon the proceedings which led to the civil war. It is not to be expected that any American could at this time take a dispassionate and philosophical view of that part of history. All that remains then is to recite the princi pal events and quote briefly tbe matured judgment Of friends and foes. 1 • At his retirement from tbe cabinet to March, 1857, the legislature of Mississippi had elected Mr. Davis as United States senator for the term to close March 4, 1868. He plunged at once into the heated debates of tbe time.maintaining the rather extreme southern view, and with an ability and courtesy which elicited warm praise even from his foes. The editor of Harper’s Weekly has this sketch of him in 185S: _, , “In the north, GoL Dayis is regarded— somewhat unjustly, porhaps—as^fype of the southern fire eater. Many persons who fif never seen him fancy him quarrelsome, petu lant, hot headed; turbulent. His appearance to the senate does not justify these views. A prim, mooth looking man, with a precise manner. would pick out as ‘the fire enter.’ In his own country he is intensely beloved, chiefly from his Lind and gentle disposition. Ho is a man of whom Mississippi may well be proud.” He also took an active part in opposing the French spoliation bill and advocating the southern route for tho Pacific railroad. Ha led the so-called “Leoompton party” in con gress In opposition to Senator Douglas, and in debate with the latter propounded the once celebrated queries and propositions which drew from tho Illinois senator his famous theory as to the right of a territorial legisla- ture to adopt ‘‘unfriendly legislation” against slav ery, and bis article in Harper’s Magazine, which set forth the creed of the “Douglas Democrats.” The breach was now complete. Meantime, in the summer of 1853, he made a tour for health aud pleasure through the eastern states, delivering several addresses, in svhich the warmest attachment to the union was avowed—always, however, with a proviso, expressed or implied, that aggres sions upon the south would certainly be met with resistance. Some of these addresses liave a strange sound now. In a letter ac knowledging an invitation to join in a Boston celebration of the birthday of Daniel Web ster, in January, 1859, be wrote: “I send you my cordial greetings to the friends of the constitution, and ask to be en rolled among those whose mission is, by fra ternity and good faith to every constitu tional obligation, to insure that, from- the Aroostook to San D.iego, from Key West to Puget sound, tbe grand arch of our political temple shall stand unshaken.” DID WAR BEGIN IN 1859? An event was at hand, however, which was to precipitate'the conflict—namely, the en terprise of John Brown. ‘A million southern men aud women, who had laughfxl at tbe idea of danger from “northern agp-ession,” were pradenly converted, saying, as one of them expresiai It, “We can no longer live in peace With tho north; our allies have become our enemies, and we must seek release from th« connection while we can do so with safety.’ 1 The feelings of Jefferson Davis for the next fifteen months may be gathered from the fol lowing letter, written at the close of the dis cussion to’ his long time friend, ex-President Pierce: Washington, D. a, Jan. SO, 18QL Mv Dear Friend—I have often and sadly turned my thoughts to you during the troublous times through which we have been passing, and now 1 come .to the hard task of announcing to you that the hour is at hand which closes my connection with the United States, for tbe independence and union of which my father toiled and In the service of which I have sought to emulate the example he set for my guidance. Mississippi, not as a matter of choice, but of necessity, lum resolved to enter on the trial of secession. Thoqe who have driven her to this .alternative threaten to deprive her of the right to r -quire that her government shall rest on the consent of the governed, to sub- stitute foreign force for domestic support, to re duce a state to the condition from which the col ony rose. In the attempt to avoid the issue which i hod. been joined by the country, the present ad- ministration has complicated and precipitated . the question. Even now, if the duty “to preserve | tho public property” was rationally regarded, the < probable collision at Charleston would be avoided." Security far better than any which the Federal troops can give might be obtained in consldera- tloh of the little garrison of Fort Sumter.' If the disavowal of any purpose to coeroe South Caro lina be sincere, the possession of a work to com mand the harbor is worse than useless. ■fKVhea Lincoln comes in he will have but to con tinue in the path of his predecessor to inaugurate a civil war, and leave a.sol-disant Democratic ad ministration responsible for the fact. Gen. Cush ing was here last week, and when he parted it seemed like taking a lost leave of a brother. I leave immediately for Mississippi, and know not what may devolve upon me after my return. Civil 1 war has only horror forme, but whatever circumstances may demand shall be met as a duty, and I trust be so discharged that you will not be ashamed of our former connection or cease to be my friend. Mrs. Davis joins me In kind remembrance to Mrs. Pierex and the expression of the hope that we may y^ have you both at our country home. Do me the favor to write to me often. Address Hurricane P. O., Warren county, Miss. May God bless you, is ever the prayer of your friend. Jefp'n Davis. - President F. Pierce. In that fifteen months events bad moved rapidly towards the dread culmination. In the first Democratic convention of I860, Mr. Davis received some votes, Benjamin F. Butler voting for him 57 times. In the subsequent election the “two northern candi dates,” as Mr. Blaine styles them, received all the votes of tho northern states save a mere handful, less than 100,000, while Breckin ridge and Bell received the almost solid vote of the southern states. “In truth os well as to appearance,” adds Mr. Blaine, “it was a sectional contest, in whioh the north support ed northern candidates and the south south ern candidates.” “Disunion was already completed to the hearts of the people,” says Tourgee, ,r tbe options simply fell apart be cause there was no cohesion. ” These opinions of philosophic obssryers long after tho strug gle, have their value. Mississippi had appointed him commander in chief of all hoi forces, with the rank of major general. On ’.he 41.h of February, 1S01, dele gates from several states convened in Mont gomery, Ala., and soon adopted a constitu tion for the Confederate states. On the 9th the convention iuianimously elected Jefferson Davis president. Alexander H. Stephens was named for vice president and inaugurated at once. On the 16th Mr. Davis arrived; on the 18th ho was inaugurated. THE CONFEDERATE CABINET. Ho named for liLs cabinet: Robert Toomhs, of Georgia, secretary of state; Leroy Pope Walker, of Alabama, secretary of war; Charles G. Memminger, of South Carolina, secretary of the treasury; Stephen R. ’Mal lory, of Florida, secretary of the navy; Judah P. Benjamin, attorney general, and John H. Reagan, of Texas, postmaster general. In the divisions which soon arose, Messrs. Toombs, Walker and Memminger retired; the others remained in the cabinet to the last. Mr. Benjamin was popularly credited with being the “ruling spirit.” He was among the last to leave Richmond and to part with President Davis; he escaped arrest and im prisonment by flight to Londou, where he became a British subject, and soon entered on a career at tho bar so brilliant and successful that it caused his American failures to bo al most forgotten. ; THE CONFEDERACY FORMED. Jefferson Davis Sees Washington for the i i: Last Time. South CajroUua led off in secession;. Mis sissippi soon toUp^ed, uu4 Aye more states. It is idle to recount the fiitiie attempts at compromise. Senator Davis was pamed Qflp Of the committee,of thirteen in tbe senate, but asked to foe excused on the ground that propositions for compromise such a gmp ought’to come from northon? meih ap4 men r.wboaa party standing w#s * guar antee of good faith—ft positfop highly pjraisoj in the north at the time,’ A JJtiJo Jaier he consented to assist, saying: THE-WHITE HOUSE OF THE CONEEDEBACy. “If, in the opinion of others, it he possible for me to do anything for tho public good, the last moment while I stand here is at the command of the senate. It'I could see any means by which I could avert the catastro phe of a struggle between the sections of the union, my past life, I hope, gives eyidhnoe of the readiness with which I would make the effort. If there be any sacrifice which I could offer on tbe altar of my country to heal all the evils, present or prospective, no man has the right to doubt my readiness to doit.” JjOO-£ 'Joi With only two or three exceptions the de parture of southern statesmen as their states seceded was singularly calm and dignified. On the 21st of January, 1861, the senators from Florida, Alabama and Mississippi with drew. Mr, Blaine praises the maimer of Sen ator Davis, adding: “No man gave up more than Mr. Daviis to joining tbe revolt against stiff soldierly carriage, “ d ! the Union. In his farewell address to the his head fuller, seemingly, ^ his senate there was a tone of moderation and hard, dry principles “ 1 dignity not unmixed wiEh regretful and ten- voice cool and firm, ^ho^ treto^®^ de ^ Qtlon8 „ citement; he is the last person —, Rafore Senator Davis could reach home DAVIS IN PRISON. The Inaugural address of < President Davis was read with breathless interest in every part of ttift country, as, to the prevalent Ignorance and confusion, men sought in it the indications of peace or war. But it. was not In the power, of any man, however wise, at that time to give assurances. The most sig nificant passage to it, perhaps, was this: “We have entered upon a career of inde pendence, and it must be inflexibly pursued. Through many years of controversy with our late associates of the northern states we have vainly endeavored to secure tranquil lity, and obtain respect for the rights to which ye are entitled. As a neoessity, not of choice, /ve have resorted to the remedy of separation, and henceforth our energies must be directed to the conduct of our own affaire, and the perpetuity of the Confederacy which we have formed. - <-i: ."at *ni*. vp.t*’. Commissioners were sent to Washington and fruitless negotiations conducted. Be tween the inauguration aud the 1st of April public opinion to both sections turned to the conteniplatlun/jf war. In vain did President Lincoln proclaim that he “certainly had no' desire and believed he hod no authority to interfere with slavery.” In vain did Presi dent Davis reiterate that he longed tp avoid the effusion of blood. On the 12th of April, .1861, the war began with the attack on Fort Sumter. “The uprising of the north”—that most marvelous of all reoent popular phenomena— followed at once. The uprising of thosontb was scarcely, if at all, less prompt and unani mous, save in tbe northern tier of states. Virginia socoded April 17; Tennessee and Arkansas followed May 6, and on May 20 North Carolina completed the list of eleven Confederate states. May 20 the Confederate government was transferred to Richmond, and President Davis followed in a few days. His journey was a continued ovation; his speeches were chiefly exhortations to unity and courage, with brief arguments which were merely variations of the clause fa his first message to congress, April 29, viz., “All we ask is to be . let alone—that those who never held power over ns shall not attempt our subjugation by arms. This we will, wa must, resist to the direst extremity.” At Montgomery tho congress had already provided for “a vigorous prosecution of the war"—that is, for a loan of $50,000,000 at 8 per cent., to addition to a previous loan of $15,000,000, and tbe creation of an army which “might, to the discretion of the presi dent, be increased to 100,000 men!” Priva teering was also organized. Tho people re sponded with such alacrity that President Davis, on arriving at Richmond, had only to officially confirm their action. In a surpris ingly short time 60,000 men were organized fo Virgjfito, and fifteen vessels commissioned as privateers, The Federal government was also moving with a celerity that now seems wonderful, but to the impatient people ftt flje time seemed criminal slackness. A blockade of all Confederate ports was proclaimed April 19, and nearly 100 vessels were soon to -enforce it By the 1st of July a Federal efi^y.qf gyPF 300,000 men was "or ganized. -.; ‘i r AW* p „ < ' . 'V,' A PERSONAL DIGRESSION. ¥&&& Pf Administration Urged A gains*-, president l>av!s. 4»d here the fcfographer of Jefferson Da vis is compelled to take ijqticQ jof a contro versy which went on to a quiet way during the war and more openly afterwards, tjfl R reached a furious climax, and is still waged with much bitterness. Without*indorsing the harsh philippics of Edwin Pollard and Tbwn™ Jordan, or even the milder criticisms of Gens. Johnstoq ftnd Beam-egard, Federal and Confederate may now agree that President Davis made two serious— should one say fatalf^-mistakos: ’the one was common to him and nearly ail the leaders on hoto sides, tlie other peculiarly his own. It was a. manifestation of that spirit which is often praised as the quality of “always sacking to one’s friends”—a very amiable quality fadeej in a private man, but one which fa a .corumauder-iq-pbief in time of war may be a erto/ina) folly. A most un happy instance fs thus set fortlf by Gem Thomas Jordan, chief of staff to Gen. Beau regard: “Mr. Davis had been at TFfOt Point, and subsequently served for several years to tho dragoons at a frontier post with a Lieut. Nor throp, to whom he became attached. The hitter jpgs disabled by an accident, went to his home aud turned parish doctor. Mr. Davis became iq time a politician. Lieut. Northrop grew so eccentric and full of mental crotchets as to be geqerally regarded in Charleston as of unsound intellect and unfit for the management of his Qvm small affairs. He bad rt()t served Joqg enough to the army to acquire familiarity with military adminis tration; neither hud bis ayocatioq to Charles ton brought him to relation with men engaged to large commercial affairs. This man, with whom Davis had no personal association since they were cavalry lieutenants together on the Indian frontier, he did not hesitate to make ills chief of subsistence, nor scruple to intrust a bureau upoa which -the vet y existence of the Confederate armies Trust depend, and for the labors of which it is a^pAr^it tli* sound est practical order of intellect; 'was essential. ’* It would bo easy to find Confederates or high rank and, pppioi-rdj-jadgnieti^r h'jyiiU- tary affairs wfco still upon this, uppoint- nieut aud two others as the mam causes of, the downfall of the Confederacy.. WHO FORESAW A LONG WAR! As to thuother charge so persistently urged, that Mr. Davis was “not. able , to t compre hend tho proportions of the struggle impend ing,” the obvious answer is, Who was? A few, a very few, thoughtful men in the north, who drew their conclusions largely from his tory, predicted a long and bitter struggle; in the south it is exceedingly doubtful if there were fifty men who believed the contest would outlust a year. : If there was one who, froiii the beginning, anticipated a four years’ war, be succeeded admirably in concealing his views. That President Davis, his cabinet and all bis advisers shared the current’delu sion that the war would be short aiid its thea tre confined principally to' the'coast axul t-he border' between the two sections, is certain. Such belief was the parent of mnny'arrors. In the first place, it was estimated that the south bad almost arms enough, and the first or der sent to Europe was for but 10,000 Enfield rifles! Before the blockade could ,be> made effective it was urged that the Confederate government should take the (xitton and to bacco, of' which a fargo stock was still on hand, issue bonds to ’ 'pay* 1 the' o wners, export the stuff to Europe, and make it the basis of a fund to draw upon. The owners generally were willing, and the effect would have- hwan tremendous. At the same time n considera ble 1 amount of foreign excbhiige in the 1-auks was offered to the government on favorable terms. -Both prOjxisitiqnk were 'rifected or ignored; iriS the golden' opportunity soon' passed, uev^rf to return. It'should be noted also that the legislation of the provisional congress, aud of the f first session Of ‘ the regu lar congress at Richmond; shows tho snttir lank of perception us to >the greatness of the bhpitaAitt^ struggle.<>)< (•*:! i' . V On the Federal side of the line m nob of the froth and ’nonsense al-out “a short;'‘Wap” war' swept away by! the battle of Bull Run; tilt rest wa» done for at Shiloh. After tbe latter thoughtful men both north: and south mack up their toinc^ that tho Issue was- to be tena ciously fought to a close. . The north erred often in ex]>eotiiig great and decisive victo ries; the south .quite <ds often In . expecting foreign interference or a di vision in the north. True, Mr. Benjamin at-Richmond continued to promise “pacification in: ninety; dayb” long after Mr. Seward at Washington bad oetutd to do bo,-but tie found few echoes. :l ( l AN APPALLING DIEklUOtTV. - : | ;Tbe. victory of Bull Run produced great exultation in the south, but appears to havf had a decidedly sobering effect, upon Presi dent Davis and cabinet. .It mny now be con sidered proved that ho was in for aggressive option immediately after that battle, but him from -o-rtnua hlunui In the mutter of Tk-nimh-ary Northrop. Hu uxorted hiruKt-lf heroically in preparing for thn campaign of IHf-l, and' it. upwind with some slight suei-esses All the rest, of tho year presents « painful record of desperate - struggle against tho inevitable; every vic tory was Iwr-n, every irremediable.. As the ship of state vmt -lo-i-erin the vortex,, mutual recrimiuatioi-> naturally multiplied, Tho removal of ini .lohnstou, the niiterprisa of Ilrxsl and -lie restoration <>f Johnston, the “shelving”of Beauregard and tie- l-iwilt with' Governor Brown, of* Georgia tl-eie is riot space to dtmw thotu Are they not argued aiii4'reargued at length iu the magazines? Gen. Hood came uobly to tho rescue by as suming "full responsibility, and Governor Brown was so far reconciled as to censo seri ous opposition. “ ,.j IfhlGHT AND qATTUHlt. . Tho wild projects in the, Gqnfwlerate con gress in. the winter of 13IVP5 were hut the frenzies of dissolution and de-fiair. , Military movements reully decided everything and to JEFFERSON DAVIS. 1 ' [From a recent portrait.) !! them this fact was ever prominent: A maa lost by Grant could be replaced if* desired by “fW*. *tt*r w tthree: a map. lost by Lee was a final losa yielded to the adverse opinions of, Jvhnston, ■ D„ the a j of Apidi, 1865, seated to and Rgauregard, aud thereafter, with rare exceptions, insisted! upon a defensive policy. During -tife Jong period of inaction which, fol lowed he embraced' every opportunity tp de clare, his earn«»t desire, fog pey*),; H^ even, excited criticism by.suggesting houqiltatory .measures;.fo? many jnpp^f t Wr uttor- an.c^s, were mnpUficatiqnsrof.liftt pataqpp in ihis first regular message. , “Tfle moment that this pretense of our subjygation is abandoned, the sword will drop from our grasp aud we shall be ready to 1 inter into treaties^‘of amity and friendship.’ emit ti(l oift ata i- Mia. DAVIS’ HOUSE, REAtTVOTR. In November, 1861, a genoral electioh'wa* ^ held, and President Davis and Vice President federaey’ hkd di-oifaed ’ topees fike a*hbmB Stephens.were re-elected for-tiiofull term of six years. Febi 18, 1862, the first congress-' under.the permanent; constitution' Assembled in. Richmond; on the £2d,s President Davis was inaugurated, and .deliverdd a carefully prepared, message. Disasters,hAd already set to, to continue with scarcely- rh Interiniijoit for thi ee, months. Before President Davis was this ominous, situation: In all the Con federate States tiiera were-not quite 6,000,O0C white people, among whom , the per cent, of men capable of bearing, arms was surpris ingly siqaLL In the Federal or. “adhering states,” excluding nlj the doubtful and dis puted . strip, were at. least l^OOOjOPd white people, among whom tbe ,per-qeuL of adult males was phenomenally, one might say un naturally, large. By the census of 1830 the south contained about 200,000 more women thin men, the north about 4Q0,000. more men than women: so the north could tend into the field 600,000 irieq and pfill t hove at home a percentage of men eqiial to. that of tile south fa peaep. Of the enormous immigration of 1845r’6l, ebn sisting largely of young abd stroijg men, only 8 per cenL hafl locate^ in the south. This explains the paradox that such states as Kan-. 933 fW$ 'Nevaxla' tent a larger per cent, of their/total populate^ |nto the field than any state of the south, and yet had many mare men left'at’hqmo than older states ever have jjnritig the longest peaco. The disparity in 'jvealtif u?ss jfp'r 'greater—by‘some estimates fopfWnmsm great Witbpufi ncpep||m:.so Strong a statement it may yet b« admitted tiiat the Feiierals were fhreq' times as numer- oqa and eight a* rich 'as the Confecler- iif “ . 1. THE LOST CAUSED" -Twonty-flve- Th» Confederacy Overthnwn- ; 1 R Y eara In'Peace. Never thecas hope and confidence were stropg. Rpesident Ijayis’ (tost gtato papers showed great ability, and ije assented,' some what reluctantly, to a conscription law, which was ariiqng the first acta passed by the congress. • excited much opposition, of course, mid a little later the habeas corpus was suspended in a district ten miles around Richmond, and a ’military - police organized Under Ger^. \yinc)er, which continued during the remainder of the war. The summer closed favorably to the Confederates though they regained little or none of the ground lost fa the spring; and in December Presi dent flavin ipqdo ja. tour of the western camps, from which he returneq greatly en couraged. In April, 1863, ho issued a rather exulting address tQ tho people, but ti* ejaims in it were just. The Confederacy was theq fit fts maximum as a military power. The disaster^ of that sumrpqr from Gettys burg tq Vicksburg need not be detafled. The year closed under the black shadow of coming dooip. The real greatness pf Jefferson Davis shone conspicuously as disasters thickened. He resolutely dofendefl his appofatees, and as sumed the responsibility wherever it was not clearly theirs. He regained the hearts of the people and almost nullified the opposition to tho congress. A committee of investiga tion entered upon Its work in a hostile spirit, with, the organization and administration of at| d ended by indorsing almost every one of tbe president’s acts, and even exonerated — his pew ; |in : St/ 1 Raul’s^“church, Richmond, President E " Ls received the dispatch from Gen. Lee fWrjf* h ! s pompletc discomfiture. At 8 . the president, cabinet and other offi- lfeft foV rianville, at which point Pres!- ‘ deqtj'Davis! Uwtod his-lost proclamation, his tqst.jstota paper.: Ton' days.later he was at Greensboro, N. q.; ( a,.week later ho halted at Charlotte, where he first leitruod that $100,* b()0‘rdWard had boon 'offered for his capture as an instigutor of the assassination of Presi- > lent Lincoln. All men now admit that, the harge was false. Another'week found him almost alone, a ■figWivo 1 in' ttto‘forests of Georgia, with hii vife add a, few devoted adherents. On the 0th of May be was captured near Irwius- vill^Ua,, by a body of cavalry under Lieut. Col. Pritehard. “Mr. Davis,” says one of hi| captors, “had ori when arrested an ordinary suit, with a very long raglan overcoat and a Shawl on his shoulders.” In tbe dim light of , morning he was at first taken for a woman, hence the story so widely published. He was conveyed At dace to Fbrtress Monroe, which he entered bn the 19th of May, to remain a captivo for uearly two years. And so all was over. The Southern Goa fs cards, and: its president, oneo the beloved o)quel, the honorei 1 senator, the Federal n» rotary of war, the successful statesman aud aspiring politician, was a prisoner—to irons! Yes; all that was bright ami hopeful wai gone; nothing now remained but to hang thfi prisoner, as bml btx:n so often prbqtiised; to write his history 8» as to fix his'name in fa. famy, arid in rib long time bis own peopl« would disown him as tho cause of their woes. All this, in the opinion of many sanguine ones, was soon to bq. Only it did not prove so. The world was pow to witness another of those; fa imphlap feating WittM often; delight j-hp emptional ftqd ppzzle {he philosophic. sight pf thiii Jioroly stricken * taVr rt '’vT.T * i t'r* te’ta all southern criticism wi« iustantiy husb«3, and In due time thoughts'of aomo -thiog far noblek than vongeauc-V pervaded tho north. Mr. Davis bore his sufferings with such Roman fortitude that southern hearts were knitted to him as never before. His critics apologized, even when truth was on their side. His wife shared his captivity and excited the world’s interest in his case. His first wife; claugijter of 'Gen.' Taylor, had died many years before.bitffc t^ephe sgftjofrarad his fortunes as official and as'cftptiyq^n^ «• lady of refinement and intellect worthy « any station. His oldest and most inveterate opppneqta were fii-st to toftenV thpAbolition ists askefl cienjeucy, and in MaP] ISfiL {leforg Hor^e ^reeloy and Gerritl Sn^£^^n^ with many soutberxi men in signing hfs bail bond. Ho half'been formally indicted foe treasop; hut, }n December, court, a nolle prpsequi was entered, and tup ca«a pf I’The XJqjted States vs, Jefferson Dayis” was ended forever andto the satisfaQ. tion of almost every American. • 1 * • ) RETIREMENT AND A QUIET T.TTMH After a brief tour in Europe l:e hx-ated at Meniphis as president of a life insurance com pany, but soon re tired to priyatalifo, to pmerga only gj long intervals, euch time to j’eceive r&- newcnl expressions pf affection and sympathy. .-A be quest by a southern lady gave hhp p loyt-iy i) pmp at Peaiiyoir, M|ss., on the shore- of the gulf. Tbe loss of his son, a manly gentleman, by yel low fever at Menj- phis, was a ’ ’ pAytg, i'Tho phild of the Coic blow; but bis wife and two daughters re-' mained to him. Of these the younger' ' a l' llla Davis, nffeetionutclyjkqown as Wtoi pie, is styled “The Child of the'Coufederacy.’-t paving been liopn ju the president^! mansion in Richmond diming the war. |3he has lately shown jqterary ability of a high pj-der, and piay yet rank among the noted authoresses of America, f — *.** Killed by « Cave fni Iro.vton, 0. t Nqv. at-JoIm Hxxbf para, aged 24, waa instantly killed Man, day about 10 a. m. in an ore bank by the caving in of the bank. He wai well known in the oity.