Newspaper Page Text
The New “COTTON KING.” A beautiful Piano made for the
Southern trade, and to statnd this climate.
Wo also handle the fo’lowing well-known makes, and will sell on extremely easy terms to
good people:
EVERETT,
HAZELTON,
HASON & HAMLIN,
GABLE,
CNELL, And the new
“COTTON KING.”
Six as fine pianos as can bo bought, and at prices reasonable. In medium and cheaper
pianos, we have the Harvard, Royal, Dayton, Milton, Bailey, McArthur & Sons, Jacob
Doll, Chickenng Brothers pianos which you will find all good durable instruments.
We have a great bargain in a small Baby Grand piano, high grade Standard make, been
used three years, but in good condition, and worn but little. This elegant piauo cost new
$1,200, and wo got it in a deal so that you can buy it for $300, and it is an elegant piano in
every scspcct. Gallon or write,
mcarthur & sons co., macon, ga.
Factory and 1 Warerootn, Wareroom, Box 22, Pho ne548.
Savannah, Ga, Atlanta, Ga. W. L, HILL, Mgr.'
9
LETTS* OF STATE CHEMIST.
Violent Reaction In the MIxeiwTht
, Nature of Acid
1 Phosphate.
We will now go back to the mix-
Ipre which we loft In the lron-mlxer
find study It a little further. As we
Saw the chemical energy of the ao-
tl*n of the sulphuric aold upon the
phosphate meet was prodigious, steam
and hot stifling gaaes arc expelled
(tom the Mixture, and Anally the
pomMlguid uses is dumped Into <,an
Iron car, ns out upon a track, built
ter above a deep den or pit, the car
la tilted and the mans precipitated to
the bottom of the pit; this operation
Is repeated meny times, until the den
or pit coiiteiins hundreds fat tons of
9Pid phosphate., The mass lying In
flii pit gradually bsoomea drier ami
■drier, owing to the escape of swam,
and also te' the absorption of some
■of the water tn crystal form by the
sulphate of lime or land-plaster
.which has been formed.
This water which escapes as steam,
and which is absorbed as crystal wa
iter, came from the sulphuric acid
with which It was mixed. The aul-
iphurlc acid used in the manufacture
Is isualljr what is known as (50)
July acid, or fifty degree Benume
acid, and contains about fifty-five per
cent of real sulphuric acid, the other
forty-five per cent being water. After
* - I ©ftUS« cne mtiumautuim uiuu-i yui
the semi-liquid mass a , u h 81 ,i pn uric aetd in the mixture
ini', fnw davs in the pile it is . ... _v__
oy the lime of tile phosphate rv«r. i uatr immu XD cuuuo “ >»«•
A wonderful transformation has boon l ®on per cent of water-soluble phos-
off acted. We started with powdered 1 Phovic acid; after standing for a
nock and d-lluto sulphuric acid; in the ' again and
material which we tatve produced
from them there Is neither phosphate
rock nor sulphuric, acid, but we have
a mlJSUre of a little fire*- phosphoric
ocH, of mono-calcic phosphate, of sul
phate of Umo or land-plastar, a little
water and a little sand, and ■a tew
other Impurities, such ae wore found
In the phosphate rock tq begin with.
Tile phosphoric acid, the mono-cal
cic phosphate and the sulphate of Jims
are now harmless, soluble lir the sell
waters and- randy for appropriation
oe food fey the rootlets of the' plant.
What Insoluble Fhoophorlo Acid fe.
In practice the composition? of tbs
material will vary somewhat frotm
what 1 hava- just described; for in-
manac, there will usually be pressor
a small percentage of what Is- known
•s •'insoluble phosphoric acid.”" Thfer
expression refers to* a Ilttlo phosphate
nook which escaped tbe action of the
»>i.irifcuric, acid. because, it. Is safer to
use a little lei's suiptlufie aoia utan :a
required for all the. p&oaphato- vock,
than to rub the risk of getting toe
touch of this caustic- and oerroslve
liquid, end thus spoil the mixture.
Thus, K on studying, the analysis ol
an add phosphate or 6t*er fertilizer,
you see that It contains one per cent
of "InEolublo phosphoric add,” th-qt
means to say that the fertiliser- oon-
•tains two and eighteen hundredths
per eent of puro phosphate reek that
the eulphnrlc acid norvsr touched, be
cause the manufacturer didn't pul
for a fow days in tlio pile
enough to be handled, aiul on digging
into it we find it to bo of a porous
honeycombed structure, crumbling
easily between the fingers. If tha
add phosphate is allowed no remain
for a still-longer time, still more wa
ter dries out of it, and it becomes
hard and lumpy, and requires to be
broken up in a disintegrating ma
chine. before it con be manipulated or
sacked.
But no matter how dry it becomes
it readily dissolves when placed ' in
■water, the water at cure acquiring an
acid taste. This acid taste Is due. not
to the sulphuric acid from which it
wus made, but to the mono-calcic
phosphate of lime, which was pro
duced by the splitting up of the phos
phate rock by the sulphuric acid,
(this phosphoric acl'4 is called the sol
uble dr wkter soluble phosphoric acid.
-In jy well-made superphosphate there
ia <no longer a particle of sulphuric
qjhld running as such. Its powerful
(lauatic and corrosive properties have
Li absolutely killed or i>«uttfali*ed
found to contain only twelve per cent
of water-soluble phosphoric aetd, ter-
Jng.'lost two per oent of the phosphoric
field soluble in water. On emuEsfeuv
tidn it' is found that this two per cent
hag reverted or changed from a con
dition soluble in pure sold water to
a. condition is which It will not dis»
wnlch unnts wem iof* tame use.
Commercial fertilizers are bettor fof
this crop than form manure, both be
cause the tarnipe are Teas liable te
be eaten by worms and the bulbs
grow smoother and moro regular In
form.
Of course, as with every- other crop,
the first requisite is a god seed-bod.
If the seed is put in by drilling:
the raws should be from sixteen to
eighteen inches apart.
When the plants have grown strife•
eiently for the rough leaf to be de
veloped, they should be thinned eut
to six or eight inches apart.
After the final thinning tfie plants
should be from eight to ten inches
apart.
The weeds should be kept down
with a cultivator or horseshoe and [
the soil stirred In this manner sev
eral times. This cultivation should
be completed before the leaves have
become very large. ,In orde* to pre-1
vent the attacks- of the turnip fly, it j
Is well to sprinkle the plants In ftto-
•early morning, before the dew ia dry, I
with a little lime dust.
The rutabaga requires a richer aoll
and more fertilising than the common.!
•white turnip.
What we have said under the head;
of storing sweet potatoes is true of*
turnips also, with the additional sug
gestion that the tops should be!
trimmed as close as possible to the*
turnip without cutting the xurnip it- 1
self.
GA. D'EP'T OF AGHTOULTURm.
THE CULTIVATION OF WHEAT.
Proper Depth to Cover, When to Si>w,
Soil. Etc.
It is yet too early to plant wheat,
but not too early to begin the prepa
ration of the land. This should really
have been commenced last spring on
land intended for wheat this fall.
Land which was well manured and
thoroughly broken up last spring for
some other crop, so soon as that crop
has been gathered, is already far eu
the way to being all that ia needed to
make good wheat lanid.
j Spil.
The first essential is to select for
to eat up this turn per cent of phos
phate rock, and convert it into-super
phosphate aud laud-plaster.
This insoluble ptioaphorio acid, how
ever, is not lost,, because, while it is
not soluble so that the plant may taka
It up *at once, It. still remains: in tha
Boll, and doubtlc-ss becomes a-ctod on
in the course of time by the- soil wa
ters, and eventually appropriated ■ as
plant food. There isalso another con
stituent,cf uu acid phosphate . which
I did not mention during the first de
scription of the process of manufac
ture, so as to. avoid confusing you by
crowding too many names and facts'
together, and tha-l is that in most acid
phosphates there are present small
percentages of what is known as “re
vertod phosphoric acid.“
What Reverted Phosphoric Aeld Is,
Reverted phosphoric acid is that
phosphoric acid which has reverted oi
gone back from a condition soluble in
water to one which Is insoluble in
water. For instance, an acid phos
»v.ate may be analyzed shortly after tnw ;-. ;«• wheat a suitable soil, one In
which ioam and clay preaomin:u.o,
which is hi itch improved by a large
proportion of lime, furnished by eith
er nature or man. The soil must be j
dry, underdraiued if necessary, since J
a large crop of wheat cannc.t bo made.
V there is an excess of wi.ter In the i
land. A good wheat soli must also!
have abundance of nitrogenous mat-j
ter. with a sufficiency of phosphoric 1
acid, potash and lime. If these eie-!
Vests ave lacking, use plenty of barn
yard manure. What wo say aboUt
eotton Is also true* of wheat.
It la bettor to put 500 pounds of
your commercial fertilizer on on* acre
than to spread it over two, for thus
osm can make the same amount oi
wheat with lens labor.'
Preparation.
In preparing soil for wheat, one oi
thej chief objects is tat keep the veg
etable matter and minstrel portions as
near or aa. much on the 9urlacei as
posolbie, »a .that the* roots of The
plants may strike out horizontally. In
stead of go fag down in a mc-so verti
cal direction.' A thin, mellow stratum
<rf rich soil should bo kept at or near
the surface. Subsoil, as Jke conditions
demand. i
A good seedbed must bo prepared
by thoroughly plowing, fertilizing,
harrowing, taking, pulverizing and
rolling the land.
Proper Depth to Cower Wheat
Experiments have proven that seed
wheat must not bo planted too deep
and it has been suggested by many
who have gtven the subject a careful
study, that it is better to harrow the
wheat and fertilizer In from one to
three inches deep, according to the
character of the soil, ■ which, ff close
and heavy, will require a thinner cov
ering til an if it is light or sandy.
When to Sow Wheat.
It is best to put the seed in as late
In the season as it can be, and still
have sufficient time to threqv out a
system of roots and leaves large
enough to cover the ground before the
cold blizzards come upon it. Mr. W.
J. Bridges of Spalding, one of our
most successful wheat -growers, thinks
that wheat .should not be sown until
after the first big frost in November,
since it will then stand more success
fully the ravages of the Hessian fly.
Our best wheat growers in Georgia
generally plant from October 1 to No
vember 1,according to soil and cli
matic conditions.
Continue to Grow Wheat.
Sometimes a farmer fails with his
wheat crop, gets discouraged and da.
cides to plant no more wheat. Does
he act in that way about his cotton
or his corn? Every one knows that
does not. Neither should he sa
•ice rn reg-ara iu n» nueai. n is an
exceedingly Important crop.
By growing his own wheat he has
his bran and shorts for stock food.
But what Is best of all, he can hava
the grain ground at his neighboring
mill, and have domestic flour, whi «
will make sweeter and more whole
some bread than flour purchased from
the west; even If it is not quits sa
white.
GA. DEIP'T OF AGRICULTURE.
• Turnips.
Turnips will grow on almost any
kind of soil, from sand to heavy clay
and muck. The common English tur
nip does best on a light, sandy or
gravelly loam, well manured at the
ttene of planting. Rutabagas thrlv ’
be3t on a heavy soil, made rich by
fertilizing. Fresh stable manure
should never be used for them, bo
2. .vivee them,,.", strong flavor,
pyrann.iM simpo. wntl terji-rs -* . v ,, r ,,
plank, and making a long box IxJ
Inches, put it upright and heap the
potatoes around.that. This box should
have holes borod in at convenient dis
tances for ventilation. Tho object oi
thus placing the pole or box ia to give
them ventilation, so aa to prevent
sweating. In extreme cold or rainy
spells this opening should be closed.
When the potatoes have been heaped,
they should be covered with stalks
«r straw overlaid with with earth for
protection against the weather.
They avo easily touched by frost and
then bocome worthless. If they are
too warm, they are liable to be at
tacked by dry rot. So it is necessary
to guard against chilling or excessive
heat. Keep the temperature as near
uniform as possible.
When desired for ready market they
are sometimes sorted in the field and
put into barrels or boxes, care being
taken not to injure them by bruising,
GA. D’EP’T OF AGRICULTURE.
Promising.
W. J. Lampton, who has had
soma experience in Breathitt county
end other sections of the fetid hinds
of .Kentucky, was talking about the
peculiarities of the mountaineers.
One day,” said he, “1 was mak
ing inquiries about a man who had
been recommended to me as'suitable
for a rather responsible position,
but of whom I had never Heard.
lie isn t a very well known man
in the community, is he?’ I asked.
“ ‘Mebbe he ain't knowed ez.well
ez some,’ was the response in a tone
of apology, |er ho hadn’t killed no
body yit, but he’s mighty promis
in'.’ ’*—Kew York Times.