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' P»r*l«l Statement About the 8tatM
Flnancea.
Believing that It will Interest every
•lass of our people, we give tbe follow
ing extract from tlie last message o*
Governor Terrell:
"The state treasury has paid to the
common school teachers all the money
coming Into the treasury which be
longs to the school fund, and also the
$100,000 which ha Is authorized by
law to transfer from the general to
the sohool fund. These payments nrc
not only larger, but were mmio much
earlier lu the year than formerly, and
without borrowing any money for that
purpose. In former years loans
amounting to 9160,000 to $200,000
have been necessary to enable the
treasurer to make these payments.
To he able to cahry out the provisions
of our school laws without borrowing
any money whatever !« moBt gratify
ing, as It shows that the condition of
the state’s finances has considerably
Improved. Indeed, It would not have
been necessary to borrow any money
whatever during the present year had
the general assembly convened In Oc
tober Instead of June. After con
ferring with the state treasurer It was
ascertained that the sum of $66,000
would bs needed to pay the expenses
of this session of your body, and with
his assistance I have arranged to bor
row that sum for five months at two
per cent per annum, or five-sixths of
one per cent for the term, from the
following banks In this State, viz:
Southern bank at Savannah; Neal
Loan and Banking Company and
Fourth National bank, Atlanta; Ex
change bank, Macon, and Third Na
tional bank, Columbus. This loan, at
such a remarkably low rate, demon
strates alike the high credit of the
state and the excellent condition of
the Georgia banks.
”J. M. TERRELL,
‘‘Governor.”
We commend the nbovo oxtract to
tlio oareful perusal of every Geor
gian.—Georgia Department of Agri
culture.
COTTON RUST.
Oats.
As for wheat, ao also for oats the
*ol! should bo plowed to a medium
depth and then well pulverized, for a
good seed bed Is necossary In order to
produce the beet results with even so
handy a grain as oats. It Is better
that the soil should be dry and mel
low when they are sown.
In a moist season oata will do very
well on a sandy soli, but the best
yields, as a general rule, are made
on a fins elay loam, with good drain-
When the seed bod has boon well
prepared and leveled, the oats may bo
sown broadcast, or put In with a drill,
The latter method Is probably better,
since when they are drilled 1n they
are In a sort of trough, and when n
freeze comes, the earth Is not drawn
away from the roots, as the ground
rises with the frooze and settles with
the thaws, but Is thrown around them,
TSils prevents the crop from being In
jured by a freeze.
The winter oat is generally sown In
October at the rats of about two bush
els to the acre. They afford good
winter and spring pasture. When tho
fitoclt have ben taken off this pasture,
an ample crop of gralp will be ready
for reaping In June; but never allow
•took to graze upon your grain due
lug wet or damp weather.
This crop; with comparatively little
expense , aids greatly la making a
farm self-sustaining. Our farmers will
do well to plant largely of oats.
&A. DBJP'T OF AGRICULTURE.
Improve Your Farm.
Every good farmer should try to Im
prove bis sell eaoh year. Unless you
add as much plant food as the crop
takes from the soil, every year your
farm gets poorer and your chances for
profit grow less and less. While'on
the other hand, if you will Increase
the fertility of tho land year by yoar,
you Increase your profltB continually.
Hence rotate your crops. Sow cow
peas aften grain. Turn them under In
the fall. Use barn lot manure sud
compost made on the farm. If you
still need more plant food, buy a high
grade commercial fertilizer and Judi
ciously feed all your crop plants, with
a liberal hand, just ns you ford your
live stock.
Feed to cattle cotton seed meal ana
hulls and fatten rams for market,
They will pay yon a profit and their
voldlngs will enrich your farm.—Geor-
gla Agricultural Department.
"Prussic acid Is uow’sffiTed'To'be the
poisonous principle in sorghum, and
young plants are said to contain a
higher percentage of it than mature
plants.
Tho use of nitrate of soda as a top
dressing for wheat, rye and millet Is
pronounced a desirable and profitable
practice by Dr. E. B. Voorliees of New
Jersey, who claims that It increases the
yield and. Improves the quality of tho
crop.
Diliawitloii of rotMli In the Soil
Claimed ha Principal Cause.
The fact that cotton will rust on one
piece of land and not.be affected In the
least on another piece Is advanced by a
Southern Cultivator writer to show
that this disease Is caused by Improper
soil conditions and an insufficiency of
the necessary elements of plant food.
Ho says: We find It on-the gray, sandy
lands In the different southern states
as We travel toward the coast, while
hack on the higher rod clay lands It Is
also seen, lint less prevalent. Even
here it makes Its appearance where the i
land has become worn and exhausted
We sco very little of It on new laud,
which shows that It Is very largely
caused by the impoverishment of tho
soli. The fact that It Is less prevalent
on red clay land—and this rod land is
nnturnlly much richer in potash thnn
gray or Bandy land—points to tho prin
cipal cause of tbe evil—that Is, to the
exlmustion of potash In the soli. That
rust on cotton Is enused by the absence
of sufficient available plant food In the
soil was shown clearly by some fertili
zer experiments on cotton conducted
Inst year by Mr. A, Willis In Louisiana
Mr. Willis’ land Is alluvial, gray,
sandy loam. It 1ms been In cultivation
a good many yours, and bis cotton was
badly affected with rust everywhere
except where la* used a liberal amount
of complete high grade fertilizer. His
experiments consisted of a number of
plots of land on which ho used differ
ent combinations of nitrogen, phosphor
ic add and potash, but only whore nil
throe of these elements were combined
wns tho cotton entirely free from rust.
Tills was on plots Nos. 5 and 0, which
were fertilized with 000 pounds add
phosphate, *180 pounds kninlt and 200
pounds nitrate of soda per acre, with
the addition of 2,000 pounds of lime
per acre on plot No. 0.
The yield from plot No. B wns 1,060
pounds seed cotton per acre, and from
plot No. 0 tlio yield was 1,740 pounds
per acre. Tho average yield of cotton
on Mr. Willis' land without any ferti
lizer nt all wns O.'IB pounds seed cotton
per acre. This cotton wns badly affect
ed with rust. The Increase In tho pro
duction of cotton over no fertilizer on
plot No. 5 was 725 pounds and on
plot No. 6, 805 pounds. Last year was
very dry lu Mr. Willis’ locality and
consequently unfavorable for the uso
of commercial fertilizers. Despite this,
howevor, the yiold of the cotton wns
very nearly doubled by their uso and
the cotton plant entirely freed from
tho Injurious effect of rust where tho
fertilizer was npplled in the right pro
portion.
While the different combinations,
kulnlt and add phosphate, and nitrate
of soda, and ncld phosphate and nitrate
of soda, all produced on increase in the
yield over no fertilizer tills Increase
was not nearly so great as where all
three of these Ingredients were com
bined, and It wns only where the nltro-
gon, phosphoric acid and potash were
used together that tho cotton was en
tirely freed from rust, showing that
this land was in need of all tliroo of
these elements to produce the best' re
sults with cotton.
I had tlio pleasure of meeting a prom
inent farmer from Irwin county, Ga.,
who has reached the point where he
had ceaBed to buy nitrogen entirely,
lie uses uu ueid and potash for his cot
ton, and ho Is not troubled with rust
Ho rotates his crops, saves all his ma
nure and plants cowpeas.
ASKING QUESTIONS.
The Art ot IntrrFhcirftun Slianld Jle
J>j
•111 of
,'liDW
“Do not ask ij 1 •
piece of social ad via
give to youth. A jhi/11
questions .is the d)iUt
world. - He. had Ln.*t.
than tno few. Wo van defend otwlros
against curiosity, but no armjr avails
against Indifference, Wo must resign
ourselves to bo bored to death.
What is the secret of tho art of in
terrogation'/ Putting uside quick sym
pathies, wlpeh Ho at the root of every
social art, we believe the most essen
tial quality for those who would excel
in It Is directness. Tho art of asking
questions so as to learn, instruct, please
and Influence is not the art of beating
about the bush. Tho questions which
offend and silence are the questions
which suggest some ulterior motive. It
Is n found out scheme which makes
raon angry. Anything of the nature
of a trap keeps us on our guard. If
wo one'- fall into one wo resolve • it
Hlinll bo the last time. Suspicion kills
confidence. Interrogative hints are ut
terly useless. Tho averngo man does
not dislike to be questioned; He hates
to be startled, crossed, interfered with,
reproached, wearied or betrayed. Ho
hates the questions which are not ask
ed with a simple Intention.
There are questions which are asked
not because tho asker wants to know,
but because he intends to tell. Others,
while ostensibly directed to find out a
man’s opinion, nro really Intended to
reflect upon his character. Some men
Inquire us to their neighbors' projects
in order to put dlllicttltles In their way.
Strings of meaningless questions are
poured out by those who desire to pre
tend an Interest in some subject which
they neither know nor care anything
about.
Wo believe the conclusion of the mat
ter to be this: The art of Interrogation
Is a serious branch of the social art.
Well asked questions nro of the essence
of agreeable Intercourse, but the In
terrogative mood will not justify uu
Impertinence, uu interference, a verbal
assault—nor, for the matter of that, :t
bore.—London ‘Jppclntor.
iTTDN CiiLTIVATiON
Konthiy Talk of Commission
er 0. B. Stevens.
i the I t HE
dany
QUESTION OF LABOR.
ODD NOTIONS OF WOMEN.
Rosa Bonlicur treasured a small lead
Image of St. Anthony of Padua as a
lucky charm. *
Caroline Herschel firmly believed tbat
If she met a cross eyed beggar In the
morning it presaged tbe discovery of a
new star that night.
George Eliot was n slave to the In
fluence of tho hunchback and club
footed man and did no literary work
upon the day when she saw one.
Lady Millais, the wife of tho great
painter, was convinced that the crack
of doom would sound for any one who
stepped on a crack in the sidewalk.
Harriet Beecher Stowe belived that it
was bud luck to throw away a tooth
brush which had outlived Its useful
ness and, to the ungulsh of her house
hold, preserved every one that she had
ever used.
Queen Victoria cherished a number
of superstitions, and, among them, she
believed that the removal of her wed
ding ring would surely bring calamity
and tbat a pet Manx cat would bring
good luck to the royal household.—Ev
erywhere.
solve In water, but will dlseolve in a
solution made to Imitate the water of
the soil. It Is, therefore, regarded as
being available for the use ami growth
of the plant
What Available Phoaphorlc Acid le.
When, therefore, you see In our
analysis of a commercial fertilizer the
expression* "available phosphoric
acid” used, you may know that it
means the percentages of water-solu
ble phosphoric acid and revert sd
phosphoric acid, added together, and
their »um Is called the “avails ;>le
phosphoric acid.” Usually the per
centage of reverted phosphoric acid
is small, ranging generally from one
to three per cent. I have now de
scribed to jou In a brief way tho
principal .materials which enter Into
the manufacture of commercial fer
tilizers.
JNO. M. McCXANDLESS,
State Ghemist.
RIh. Marie In the World.
"I reckon Josh ’ll make his tasty In
the world one ck these days,” said the
fond mother.
“Mftbbp ha will,” answered Farmer
Oomtossol, "but I can’t help wtshin’ I
coulu git him to take hold of a hoe ru’
put a few dints l,nto it by way of prac
tice.”—Washington Star.
He Is richest who Is content with the
least, for content IS the wealth of i.t-
tare.—Socrates.
Painful Cfrarnlnff.
The northern dairy papers told me to
churn my cream at 62 degrees. I tried
It and It gave rile-a pain ip my side.
I then tried churning my Texas cream
at 75 aud found it was a great suc
cess. Churning at wrong temperature
Is like a contrary woman—hard to
manage. We men know how that Is.
—Farmer Clark.
Didn’t Care to Be Presented.
The wife of a well known naVal offi
cer tells an amusing story of some of
her experiences In Washington society.
On one occasion when she wns asked to
receive at an army and navy german a
congressman entered with a lady lean
ing upon each arm. One of the floor
committee at once approached him,
with the polite request that he give his
name in order that he’ might be pre
sented to Mrs. Blank, who received the
guests of the evening.
"No. thank you,” wns the nonchalant
reply, "i don't cure to be in reduced,
I have two ladles now to take care of,
and that is about as much as I can
mnnuge.”
Grace lu Old Forest*.
Some trees are more graceful than
others. The elm ami oak are noted for
their perfect and graceful form. All
their branches appeal- to be perpetually
moving, stirred by every wind that
blows, and tho same may be said of
the pine. The graceful movements of
its limbs, the sighing sounds of Its
stems and evergreen needles, send forth
a solemn symphony. Everything con- 1 CQW p !urtur ®. 4110 K’-ouird is turned every
tributes serene grace and simplicity to ’ raontl! or FO > had ike cattlo removed
old forests. ’ another lot, tho whole, farm may be
i gradually enriched up to the poinl
Commissioner Gives Some Timely and
Ysluable Suggestions to Farmers
of Georgia.
•Ae question of labor is getting to
bo such a serious one to our farmers
that It Is very essential to their suc
cess to find some plan which will en
able them, with less labor and less
acreage, to raise aa much cottou as
heretofore.
Of course it will require very sclen-
tlflo farming to raise as much cotton
on ten acres as used to be Talsed on
twenty. To do this will require Intel
ligence and diligence. Some In Geor
gia.have done It; why not others?
There are farmers of our acquaint
ance who have taken land that was
comddorod exhausted and almost
worthless, and by careful, perslBtent,
diligent farming en the' Intensive
plan, havo brought li up to the point
where It. produces on the average one
bale of cotton to the acre. This lias
been done by careful study of the
needs of the land, by a judicious ro
tation of crops and skillful uso of both
domestic and commercial fertilizers.
Success demands not only the ex
penditure of time and labor, but also
of money. Put as much time on ten
acros as you did on twenty and spread
upon the ten aa much fertilizer as
upon the twenty and you can double
the average production to the Acre.
But no farmer can hope to obtain this
result who uses oldteshioned topis
and the oldtime methods.
Use the Best Toole.
In order to properly pulverize the
soli and get the right kind of a seed
bed, which Is the first essential of suc
cess with every crop, and then to prop
erly plant and cultivate, the farmer
must use Improved plows, rollers, har
rows, planters, weeders and cultiva
tors. With Improved Implements the
farmer will be able not only to plow
tho land to the neoessary depth, but
also with rollers to crush the clods on
a strip throe to eight foot wide
aorosa the field, with no clods loft un
broken, to require the extra labor of
going over the field and tweaking them
one at a time. In order to use this
Improved machinery the field must,
of eourse, be cleared of stumps and
rocks.
Preparation and Cultivation.
When the farmer has thoroughly
tnfeed tap his land with the plow, sub-
soiling II necessary, and every clod
has boon thoroughly broken with har
row and roller, he should then put on
tho necessary kind and amount of fer
tilizer by either broadcasting or
by opening the furrows and
bedding on It, if it is put between the
rows. When ready 10 plant, he will
do well to distribute a small part ol
fertilizer with the seed,
In the well prepared soil he should
put the seed In rows from three to six
foot apart, and when the plants have
grown to sufficient height thin them
out to a distance of twelve or twenty-
four Inches apart, determining the dis
tance by the fertility of the soil.
The great thing to be desired Is
that the Btalks, when grown, should
barely meet In the row, so that they
may thus secure the strength of the
land for the fruit.
Fertilizers.
A Judicious use of fertilisers in
creases greatly the productiveness ol
the fields.
On every farm there are manurlal
resources—from the horse lot, the
cow pen and the barnyard. These
should all be gathered together and
saved under shelter for use at the
proper time.
-- compost of these animal manures
with marl, muck, coton seed and
commercial fertilizers will greatly re
duce the cost of fertilization. As has
been remarked ,by ( one of out most
successful farmers, the cow is
the best fertilizer fa’etory. If in the
lot which has * bpen used as a
ORIENTAL LANTERNS.
Bow They Arc Hade mid Uses to
Whtcli They Are Put.
The lantern of tlio east is ns old as
civilization. It3 primary object is to
protect the flame from sudden drafts.
Beyond this is tho concentration of
light for the convenience of a reader
and, last and lensr, the regard for beau
ty. The oldest form Is a perforated
cylinder or rectangular box. Of this
type there are numberless varieties, old.
and now. The ancient ones which have
been preserved are of Iron, coifpcr and
brass, nearly all simple in construction
pn<l finish, but a few richly decorated.
Occasionally one runs across lanterns
made of silver or ivory. These come
from palaces or temples and iu most
Instances are richly carved. Not in
frequently the perforations are fitted
with pieces of colored glass, rock crys
tal, amethyst au-i garnet.
In Chinn and Jupun the traveler’s or
Street lantern is a feature. This Is a
sphere or ellipsoid ranging from six
Inches to two nnd even three feet in
diameter, made of oiled paper, cloth or
silk. In Cathny this lnntern Is used to
show the rank of its owner by tho col
oring or inscriptions on its exterior.
Tho humble citizen uses a small affair
in white or red, the official of low rank
a sphere a foot in diameter hanging In
front of Ills sedan chair, while the high
mandarin employs a huge lantern, re
splendent with his titles In colors, car
ried by an ablebodied cooly who walks
a yard in advance. '
It is In house lanterns that the great
est variety is found. Of these the gen
eral typo Is n four, live, six, seven,
eight or ten sided box, whose length Is
usually twice its width. Each side Is
a pane of glass, plain, ground, frosted
or decorated. Prom tho angles bang
pendants of many Borts. The frame
work Is usually of teak, but ebony,
rosewood, muhognny nnd other woods
are employed. Often tho sides of. the.
lanterns are alternately wood and
glass, the latter being covered with
ground designs nnd tho former richly
carved In relief or Inset with ivory,
mother-of-pearl or silver. *
Upon the pendants the artificers put
their hardest work. Some are made of
colored bends, strung nnd massed with
fantastic shapes uud knots. Others
arc strings of little bells, which ring
with every passing breeze. Linos of
glittering tinted glass balls betray the
origin of a favorite mode of decorating
Christmas trees. Quaint objects in
gaudy enamel or colored porcelain, con
nected by threads, chains or wires, con
stitute n fourth and very pleasing
group. Floral festoons made of arti
ficial flowers are popular, especially
with the fair sex.—New York Post
ANCIENT CITIES.
Jerusulem in the days of Solomon
probably did not contain 20,000 people.
Constantinople at the time of its
greatest splendor us capital of the east
ern empire had a population of about
1,500,000.
Babylon, whoso name has come to be
synonymous with dense population,
never hail ovdr 1,200,000 inhabitants In
Its pulmiest days, so tbe archicologists
declare.
Athens, when she - led tbe Greek
states In repelling the invasion of
Xerxes, had only 30,000 Inhabitants,
but Herodotus speaks of this number
as If it was something to boast of.
Rome, the mistress of the world, the
great city to which all roads led, “Rome
the Eternal,” did not exceed 2,000,000
in population. Gibbon, indeed, believes
that it had only 1,200,000, and In this
estimate he and Hitman agree.
A Unique Command.
At Boulogne, during a royal recep-
tlon, a number of English ladles In
their anxiety to see everything pressed
with such force against the soldiers
who were keeping t-lio line that the lat
ter were forced to give way and gen
erally were—to use the expression of
policemen—"hindered in the execution
of their duty.” The officer in com
mand, observing the state of affairs,
called out:
“One roil of the drum—if they don’t
stand back kiss them all.”
After the. first sound of the drum
the Indies took to flight.
"If they had been French,” said a
Parisian Journal, "they would have
remained to a woman.” — Illustrated
Bits.
Behind Her Unck.
Policeman’* Caution Wasted.
Just now the companions of a recent
recruit to the police force are pokinf”
| J Bn,!#,, nt l,e “ 0f . a remark
where it will have double its formei' J? a “° a fow ni ^ lus ago when lie found
>t necessary to arrest a very old offend
er. Arrived at the police station, he
liumel U3li - red the culprit in with the injunc-
“And doesn’t seem to care.for gos- 1 must so manage that his farm shall 1 mind tbe s t°P K -
slping In the least.” j be thus supplied. He should have a . yjf ,, you! ” Sllid the Prisoner
"Oh, 1 don't know about tlmt,” an- few fat cattle to sell everv rear and s ^ ornful ■ 1 knowed these steps
sTvered the other with n smile; “she ! yet have an- increase of his herd.' Sev- 1 Uf ° re • yon wns born!”—New York Press,
merely prefers to talk about I-Ielen of enty-flve per cent of the food which j
Troy and Romeo and Juliet to paying they consume will be returned to the!
attention to wlnit-is going on iu her land under proper sianae-emon*
"Pile’s very studious.” said one worn- j productiveness, and even uore, pro-
an. 1 vided the farm is well supplied with
"Yes.” answered the other. | live stock. Every up-to-uate farmei
own neighborhood.”— Wnaii ington Star, i his
A Sure SlRrn.
When a young man talks about the
business of "c-ur fl-.-ui" in a pitch of
voice that cun bo heard from one end
of a street car to the other it is a sure
sign that his wages have been raised
to $6 a woe 1 -.
Harmony 1Va« Iu Danner.
jrs ryUr*
1 ’ cnly pay for the j against this organization which”—
expense of their keeping, but give him I His voice wn
overwhelmed ijy the
! rumble of rising indignation. When
: . a good profit beside
In order to.bring his land up to thd the noise subsided heTo'ntimied-
highest point of prodilotiyenerj ho y-.-il £s“whlch j w jn , a '
! find tbat ® ft er “Sizing all the' homle They’re for hall rent and light.^ 8 ^^'
1 ™ eP h red SertlIizers - he will need fa And harmony continued t'o reign.—
reh.aae largely of nonunevcial fei-S:|l-' Baltimore American.