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cultivation aii(jinuuilTy. When they were compelled by their new matters to take up a fixed re fide nee, and to apply to regu lar labor ; when talks were im pelled upon them disproporti oned to their strength, and were exacted with unrelenting seve rity, they poffelled not vigor either of mind or of body to sustain this unufu.il lo2d of cp prtftion. Dqje&ion and des pair drove many to end their lives by violence. Fatigue 2nd famine destroyed more. In ail diofe extendi vc regions, the ori ginal race of inhabitants wafVed Vvvay i in fome it Was totally * extinguished. In Mexico, where a powerful and martial people duliuguifhed their oppofuion to the Spaniards by efforts of cou rage worthy of a better fate, great numbers fell in the field; and there, as well as in Peru, , (I'll greater numbers perilled under the hardihips of attending the Spanish armies in their va rious expeditions and civil wars, worn out with the inceflant toil of carrying their baggage, pru vifions, and military stores. if But neither the rage nor cruelty of the Spaniards were so deftru&ive to the people of Mexico and Petti, as the incon liderate policy with which they eftablifned their newfettlements. The former were temporary calamities, fatal to individuals j the lacier was a permanent evil, which with gradual conlumpti on, wafted the nation. When the provinces of Mexico and Peru were divided among the conquerors, each was eager to obtain a diftrift, from which he might expect an infhntaneous recompence for all his services. Soldiers, accustomed to the carelellnefs and diflipation of a military life, had neitherihduftry to carry on any plan of regular cultivation, nor patience to wait for its flow but certain returns. Instead of fettling in the valiies occupied by the natives, where the fertility of the foil would leave amply rewarded the dili gence cf the planter, they chose to fix their Rations in fome of the mountainous regions, fre quent both in New-Spain and in Peru. To search for mines of gold and (liver, was the chief objebt of their a&ivity, The pioipects which this opens, and the alluring hopes which it cen t.nually presents, correspond wonderfully with the spirit cf enterprile and adventure that animated the firft emigrants to America in every part of their conduct, In order to push for ward rhofe favorite projeds, so many hands were wanted, that the lervice of the natives became indifpenfibly requisite. They were accordingly compelled to abandon their ancient habitations in the plains, and driven in crowds to the mountains. This sudden tranfuion from the ful iry climate of the rallies, to the chill penetrating air peculiar to high lands in the torrid zone ; exorbitant labor, scanty or un wholclome nourishment, and the delpondency occafione and by a ipec.es of oppreflioii to which they were not accustomed, and of which they jaw no end, affec ted them nearly as much as their ids indullrous countrymen in die illands. They funk undt r the united p.t fibre of tfcofe ca lamities, and melted away with almost: equal rapidity. In con sequence of this, together with the introdu&ion of the small pox, a malady unknown in Ame rica, and extremely fatal to the natives, the number of people both in New-Spain and Peru was so much reduced, that in a few years the accounts of their anci ent population appeared alnioft incredible.” Nat, Intel . Philadelphia, June 28, Ytfterdav arrived, brig Nan cy, Ramfdale, from St. Kitts, which island she left the 7th inst. as we are told by special com million, an embargo being laid on the flipping at that Island. Capt. Ramfdale did not hear of the arrival of any Britilh naval force at Barbadoesj none of the letters that we can hear of from that Island lav any thing of it, but lament the want of a naval force in thole seas. Capt. Ramfdale informs us, that it was said a fleet of 17 fail were seen on the sth or 6th of June two days before he failed, off’ Antigua, and that soon after they came to there; 7of them bore away towards Montferat; but cf what nation not known. Letters from St. Kitts fay, the Island is in great alarm, be ing in hourly dread of a visit from the French, as they fay there is no British force in these leas to oppose them. Capt. Tinker of the brig Ac trefs, who arrived at New- York on Tuesday evening ]aft, in 16 days from St. Pierre’s, (Mart.) informs, that on the sth June, the French and Spa nish combined fleets failed from Martinique, for Gaudaloupe, & left that place (the day before captain Tinker failed) for Antigua, Capt. T. further informs, that two French frigates had arrived at Martini que, which failed from Ferrol in company with a French and Spanish fleet of 14 fail of the line, frigates and tKanfports, with troops bound for Marti nique, and that two frigates parted trom the fleet in a gale of wind. Vv e are aiio informed, that no account of a British fleet having arrived in the Weft Indies, had been received pre vious to captain L inker leaving Martinique. The combined fleets captured a Britilh ship of war, of 40 guns, in going out of Gaudaloupe.—* •“This perhaps is the Spy, oe*o——* Baltimore, July 1, ANQGUA TAKEN. A letter received in town last evening from St. Thomas, dated June the xot!i, dates, that the combined fleets then confided of thirty-two fail, one half of which wentagainft and captured Antigua. It adds, that the har bor of St. 1 fnmas was crouded with veflHs of every defeription, from Antigua, waiting till the itorm hadfubfided. — aa *3> *. 1 NORFOLK, June 22. Captain Brownlow, of the ? lannah, from Gaudaloupe, in forms us that op. the is:h of May, two (hips, of eighty guns, ; arrived from France. They 1 said they formed a part of a French fleet of twenty-fix fail of the line, from Brefti and had been separated in a itorm. — They had taken a merchant ship on their paflage. On the 4th of June the Kingfifher, fl op of vvar, was captured by two French frigates, off Basse terre. If the above report be cor rect, if the Brefl Fleet has real ly escaped, and is bound out to the Weft-Indies, then is it J doubly plam that the ohjebl of | the Emperor is more than the conquefl of the Colonies, for which so great a force is by no means renuifue. The Ferrol squadron was also expecled at Martinique, fuppofmg the in formation obtained there by cap tain Garrow to have been cor rect j when the four fleets of Bred, Toulon, Ferrol and Ca diz, shall be united, they will constitute a force of not less than fifty-five to sixty fmps of the Nine. Now as this embraces about three fourths (or perhaps a greater portion) of the whole naval strength of the Allies, it would be next to absurd to ima gine that it would be detached for the purpose of conquering a few illands, to which one third of its force with a proportionate number of transports, would be fully adequate. Now let us sup pose this manoeuvre to be a part of the grand Design again ft England, the manner in which it can contribute to it is evi dent, Fo counteract the ope rations of, or to engage with luccefs, so large a fleet as 5$ fail of the line, it may be neccf firy for the British mini ft ry to fend after them at lead forty fail of the line, in addition to those already in the Weft-Indies. We have not lately seen a navy lift, but we believe the number of line-of-battle ships in com mission, in England, did not exceed 65 to 70, in November laft:.—Of this number suppose 45 in the Weft-Indies j there would then be left aboiit 25 to defend the Channel. As soon, however, as the imperial squad rons have united, if instead of proceeding to leward, they Ihould return diredtly to Eu rope, they would elude the Britilh fleets, and while these were probably seeking for them as low down as Jamaica, they would arrive in a defencelefs channel, which they would com pletely open to their flotilla i— and the fate of England would then have to be decided on her own territory, in a contest with an army which could without obftrueftion, for fome time u leaf!, receive every aid of men and neceflaries from France.- Although this may not be the de sign of Bonaparte, yet we can not think that it is such a feheme as is altogether improbable.— If it should be his intention to affedl: his main purpose in this manner, a very short time will devclope ir: for in that case the flay of the Jmperialifts in the Weft-Indies will not be long.— I hey will be anxious enough to ‘get cut of the way before the arrival of a British admiral.— This circuitous rout may for i other re a Ton? be ccr.ftdered if net the fort if at leaf! the sass way to the channel. The French crev.s were mostly raw and undifeipiined } such a voy age was necessary before they could venture to encounter the hardy naval veterans of Greac- Britain and Ireland. PETERSBURG, Thursday, July 25, 1805. v IN this day’s paper is notified the publication of President Nott’s address to his students. We have no doubt, that the fame pious zeal that prompted several gentlemen, difhnguifhed not only by the highest literarv attainments, but for their purity of fendment and rebtitude of moral condubl, to express in our hearing their approbation of it, in terms the moft flattering, will influence parents who have now an opportunity, to place in the hands of their Tons, a leiToa of the utmost imoortance to * what concerns the advancement of their temporal and eternal ki te rest. We are happy to hear (and we receive it from the molt refjpeftable source) that our go vernment have ordered one of the frigates at Washington, im mediately to be equipped and proceed off Charleston. to dif perle the swarm of picaroons chat infeft that coast. Phil. Gaz. An article, having fome time since appeared in the Richmond Enquirer, inferring from the contents cf an English print, that the late treaty between this country and Great Britain had been renewed for one year, we have made enquiries, which juf tify us in believing the inference to be entirely inccrrebt. An aft, we understand, has passed the British Parliament, re-en abling in whole or in part, the provisions of the statute origi nally passed for carrying the treaty into effebt. It is proba ble that this circumstance occa sioned the error, which the fe deral prints have seized with avidity as a pretext for libelling the consistency and character of the administration. Unfortu nately however fir them, no fuen treaty has been formed, nor do we believe that any o vertures to form such a treaty hrve on our part been made.—* It is prcfumable, from the pas- Lge ol the above noticed ad!, teat a difpoftdon exists on the pa r t ot Britain to renew the pro visions of Mr. jay’s treaty. Nat. Intel. Jamaica, which is threaten ed by the French, was taken by die Bntifli from the Spaniards in 1656. Its annual exports are conjectured to amount to 11 or 15 millions of dollars. Ir is about one hundred and fifty miles long, and forty miles broad— and probably now contains 50,-. coo free inhabitants and near 300,cc0 slaves. If the blacks are attached to their mailers, and wdl act heartily against the inva ders, the French will be defeat ed at once ; ar.d if th~y cannot