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GEN. T. P. MEAGHER. A MONUMENT TO HIS MEMORY BY MONTANA. A Rebel In lrlsnil and Sentenced to lie Hanged lie Gained Fame In the Civil War and Wav Acting Governor of Montana. The name of (Jen. Thomas Francis Meagher, one of Montana's early gov ernors to whose memory it is proposed to erect a monument in that common wealth, is known in two hemispheres. It has made part of the history of Ire land and America. In Ireland it was associated with events which charac terized an epoch not rare in the story of that oountry -an epoch of revolu tion. What Lord Edward Fitzgerald was to the period of 1798 and Robert Emmet was to the unfruitful, though gallant, movement of 1803, Meagher was, in a great measure, to the revolu tionary attempt of 1848. Meagher'a Career In Ireland. (Jon. Meagher was born in Water ford, Ireland, in 1823. After his col lege graduation, in 1843, he entered into the whirl of political strife then raging. Tie repeal movement was then shaking Ireland. Every town and village was in ferment. O’Oonnell, playing with the passions of the peo ple, which he controlled with a po tency equal to the wand of Prospero, had constructed a gigantic organiza tion. It was at this period that John Mitchell, editor of the Irish Citizen, met young Meagher in Dublin. Mea gher’s services in the national cause were compressed into the period of a few years. It was the stormiest time in the history of the country during all its struggles against foreign dom ination since the days of the volun teers in 1782 and the revolution of 371(8, of whi'-h Wolfe Tone, Fitzgerald, THOMAS FRANCIS MEAGHER. Emmet, Hamilton Rowan and other leaders of the ‘'United Irishmen" were the inspiration. From 1845 to 1848 Meagher labored zealously with other leaders of the Young Ireland party, whose object was to obtain Irish independence by force ot arms. In the summer of 1848 Mea gher was captured with arms in his hands in the county of Tipperary while engaged in an effort to array the peasantry against the authority of the British crown after O f ßrien’s at tempt at Ballingary. He was tried for high treason with Smith O'Brien, Ter rence Bellew McManus and Patrick O'Donoghue, and was convicted, of course, and sentenced to be Hanged. Drawn ami Quartered and his rent lins placed at the disposal of her majesty, the Queen, to he dealt with according to royal pleasure. His speech upon the passing of this bar barous sentence will long be remem bered for its unflinching spirit, its calmness, its dignity and splendid justification of the acts for which he was condemned to suffer. By a spot ial act of royal clemency, however, Meagher was released from the extreme penalty, the punishment of alt the conspirators being fixed at transportation for life to the convict settlement at Van Dieman's land. In the spring of 1852, after nearly four years of penal exile, he made his es cape and landed in New York in the latter part of May. Meagher soon became a distin guished lecturer and public writer. He studied law with Judge Emmet and in 1854 became a member of the New tYork. bar, which practice he gave up for a time to undertake an expedition to Central America, in 1853 Meagher published a volume of his spee< hes on The legislative Independence of Ire land. His Service In the Civil War. At the outbreak of the civil war he organized a company of Zouaves for the national army and joined the Six ty-ninth New York Volunteers under Col. Michael Corcoran. He served during the first campaign in Virginia and at the first Bull Run had a horse shot under him In the latter part of 1861 he organized the Irish Brigade and became its colonel. In February, 1862, he became a brigadier general. He and iiis command fought bravely during the seven days’ battle around Richmond, and at the second Bull Run. Fredericksburg and Antietam, where •gain a horse was shot under him. After Chancelloraville his brigade was ao decimated that he resigned and was out of actual service until early in 1864, when he was recommissioned brigadier general of volunteers and assigned to the command of the dis trict of Etowah. In 1865 he was or dered to report for duty to Gen. Sher man at Savannah, but the close of the war put an end to further military service. A* (Jovernor of Montana. In July, 4865, he was appointed by President Johnson to be secretary of the territory of Montana and later be came acting governor in the absence cf Gov. Sidney Edgerton. His flrat official act was to call the legislature together at. Helena, February 21, 1866. to provide for the expenses of the gov ernment. The attacks of the Indians upon the residents of Fort Benton, on the Upper Missouri, compelled him to call for volunteers, and it was in pro curing the armament for these that the circumstances occurred which led to his death. He had traveled 30 miles in the saddle under a scorching July sun, after superintending the arrival of arms and munitions for the militia. He reached Fort Benton the evening of July 1, 1867, wearied from his long Journey and, there being no accom modations at the post, he took quar ters in a stateroom on board the old battered Missouri steamer G. A. Thompson. That night ho attempted to leave the boat. The night was dark and he stumbled over a coil of rope on the deck and fell Into the dark, rushing waters. He struck the guard in his descent, which probably dis abled him, and, although a gallant swimmer, and despite the efforts of willing hands, he was swept forever from the sight of man. The body was never recovered. GERMANS ON THE INCREASE, Census Returns Show Population of Em pire to He 58,000,000. The United States census office has received ‘hrough tho state department a consular report on the population of the German empire and its changes during the last century. The popu lation is now about 56,000,000, larger than that of any other country in Europe except Russia, which lias In Europe alone over 106,000,000 subjects, or nearly twice as many as Germany. In 1789 the whole German empire had a population of about 26,000,000 an at the close of the Napoleonic wars in 1815 Germany, though somewhat re duced in size, had a population ol something more than 30,000,000. In 1845, since which date the area has remained almost constant, Germany had 34,000,000; in 1860, 40,000,000; in 1885, 47,000,000, and in 1900, about 55,- 500,000, an increase during the century of about 30,000,000. Since 1871, when the modern German empire was or ganized, the population of Germany has increased about 35 per cent, a growth extremely rapid for an old country and for one sending out large and steady streams of emigrants. The Germans felt a natural pride in the rapid growth of their population, says the report, compared with that of their rival across the Rhine. In 1845 France had about 36,000,000 inhabitants and Germany 34,000,000. Now France has about 38,000.000. or only two-thirds the number in Germany. The provis ional results of the census of Vienna, taken December 31, 1900, have just been announced, and according to a report from the consul general at Vi enna showed a population of 1,635,- 647, or nearly 63,000 less than there were in Chicago when the recent cen sus of that city was taken. These fig ures show Vienna to rank next after London, Paris and Berlin among the European capitals, while in (his coun try only New York and Chicago are larger. During the last ton years Vi enna has Increased 21.9 per cent, or slightly faster than ihe average of the whole United States. Few large cities in tills country do not show a larger rate. Of the two American cities larg er than Vienna, greater New York in creased in ten years 37.8 per cent and Chicago 54.4 per cent. In common with most large cities the population residing in the central districts of Vi enna is slowly decreasing and the most rapid growth is in the outskirts of the city. Yunttiful Killtor t Gyptnin, Kan. Allan Swisher, aged 12. of Gypsum, Kas., is probably the youngest news paper editor and publisher in the United States. * During the present month he has been made an honorary member of the Kansas State Press as sociation. and has received mention in the columns of \V. J. Bryan’s Common er, as follows: “Master Allan Lee Swisher, a 12 year old boy of Gypsum, Kas., is the editor and publisher of a little paper called the Chronicle. The work, both lettering and illustrating, is done with a pen. Whether or not young Swisher will become permanent ly identified with the newspaper fra ternity. he certainly has round useful employment for his spare time.” The Gypsum Chronicle has been running twenty-eight weeks. It is a four-page paper customarily, with a larger num ber of pages occassionallv. it is print ed on the ordinary white paper used by dailies. While the first copy is made with a pen. the other impressions are made with a stamp or by some other simple process. The first page of a recent number was given up to a pen picture of Alphonso XIII, king oi Spain. Master Swisher attends the vil lage school, and spends his evenings in the publication of his paper. Since coming to public notice he has had sc many demands for the Chronicle that he has had to call in a number of schoolmates to aid him in “the press work" after the original c&py had been printed. Verdi's Horror of Poor Untie. Verdi bad a horror of barrel organs and when he went on his holidays he had a method of suppressing the street music which was rather unique. At Moncaleri once a visitor found the composer living, sleeping and eating in one room. Seeing his surprise, Verdi said: “Oh, I have two other large rooms, hut they contain a num ber of articles I have hired.” And he opened the door and showed the visit or some barrel organs to the number of ninety-five. At a cost of 1.500 lire the composer had hired all the grinding machines in the place to insure a peaceful holiday. THE WEEKLY NEWS. CARTERSVILLE, GA. Is a "Rabid " Red ” When one considers how much an .rchy has cost Chicago and then reads hat the leading clubs of that city have ately entertained Peter Alexeivitch {ropotkin, the most noted of Russian narchists, it strikes him as an incon .ruotis situation. The foremost citi ,e_.s of the city vtthich hanged Spiess, Bngel, Parsons and Fisher for their .narchistic crimes spared no pains o make the reception of the Russian >ne of the best the city ever gave a ’oreign visitor. Besides Hull House, :he Chicago university, the Twentieth Jentury club and other prominent so cial institutions, Mrs. Emmons Blaino .nd Mrs. Potter Palmer have given en tertainments in his lienor. Kropotkin was formerly a Russian prince. He was long ago exiled from tiis native land, having joined the Red International Workingmen’s Associa tion in 1872. So violently anarchistic have been some of his utterances and ioctrines that he has been frequently arrested in several European coun tries. He was confined three years in i French prison at Lyons and was ex pelled from Switzerland. His detes tation for government amounts almost to a mania. One explanation given for the recep tion is that just at present Kropotkin is roasting Russia. The Chicago en tertainers are mainly British sympa thisers. The present strained rela tions between the Bear and the Lion has resulted in profitable employment to enemies of both. It is most likely that the Russian prince is well paid for his lecture tour. USES OF SAWDUST. Many Valuable Products That Aro Sow Extracted from It. Scientific men have long been en gaged in the study of methods of utilizing waste products, such as sew age, garbage and many other things, formerly thrown away as worthless. After it is ascertained just what these materials contain that can be utilized ingenious men set their wits to work to invent machinery and devise processes by which the valuable commodities may be ext acted. In this way many million dollars' worth of oils, fertiliz ers and other useful substances are now r saved, and the world is so much the richer. A great deal of sawdust has always gone to waste, though many mills have used it to supplement their fuel sup ply. Chemical analysts have been at work on the sawdust problem and it has been shown clearly that it contains very useful elements that are worth saving, and now machinery has been invented to extract these materials. The experiments have proven that 1,000 pounds of sawdust will yield about 160 pounds of char which is practically the same as charcoal and equally as serviceable; 180 pounds of acids, 160 pounds of tar and a quantity of gases that have been tested for heating and illuminating and found to be excellent for both purposes. While tke wids.tar and char are the Droducts particularly desired it is said the gases are of commercial value. A machine has been invented in Montreal for the purpose of distilling sawdust and obtaining the desired products. Consul General Bittinger writes that the machine treats about 2,000 pounds of wet sawdust an hour. As Canada manufactures enormous quantities of lumber it is expected that the utilization of sawdust in that coun try will be an important source of valuable commodities. There ar.e twenty places in Europe where oxalic acid is extracted from sawdust. In Scotland sawdust is used to make floor-cloth, coarse wrapping paper, and millboard, which is a kind of pasteboard used by bookmakers in Krepotfin. the .Knarchijt. Lionized by the covers of books. Thus sawdust, once thought to be a good deal of a nuisance, is beginning to be considered quite a useful article. POOR FOOD MAKES TOPERS. Intimate Relation Between the Saloon anil the Dinner Table. It has long been known that scanty food and poor cookery were main causes of the appetite for string drink. More than a century ago English writers called attention to this fact in their own country. Jacob Riis, of New York, whose study of social problems In cities has raised him to the rank of an authority on the subject, in a recent speech before a woman’s club of that city remarked that much of the evil of drunkenness would be abated if the art of good cooking were more generally understood and practiced. He insisted that the general adoption of means for promotion of good cooking would do more to abate the saloon evil than any other one of the methods now proposed or employed, or all of them together. That the appetite for strong drink Is due largely to poor and meager food is a physiological fact of the first import ance. It is the cause of the excessive consumption of Hquors in the poorest districts of all cities, and it is often witnessed in village and country .where the art of preparing food is neglected or unknown. Stimulation of alcoholic liquors is taken as a substitute by PETER KROPOTKIN those who feel the necessity of it to keep them going. It is destructive, of course, but this fact is not realized, and if it were it would have little restrain ing effect, since most persons think on ly of supplying a present want. Tlio Judge's Charge Comes First. Anew law in Montana will tend to take quite a quantity of wind out of the oratorical and argumentative sails of the lawyers of that state. It is to the effect that the judge’s charge shall precede the arguments of counsel. It is not probable, however, that the law yers will feel aggrieved. Experience teaches that a jury usually pays strict er attention and gives greater weight to what the judge says than to the most eloquent efforts of the lawyers. Then the judge always had the last say and his words were fresh in the jur ors’ minds when they retired for de liberation. Under the new law in Mon tana, loquacious attorneys, and there are few who are not. will be able to remove to a great extent the influence of the court’s remarks. Some lawyers if properly wound up could no doubt talk long enough to render the jurors unable to remember that the judge bad ever spoken, that is if Montana lawyers are like their brethorn in many other states. It is probable they are, for Senator Career comes from there, and he did some talking recently. Got Fall on the Wrong Day. The British House of Commons has its story teller in chief in the person of Mr. Tully. His latest yarn is of a Scottish innkeeper who for years got tipsy evety Sunday afternoon. One Thursday he got drunk by mistake, thinking it was Sunday, and found a couple of his guests playing billiards. He insisted that they stop, saying that he could not allow anyone to play bil liards in his house “on the Sabbath.” Got the Worst of It. A certain British picklemaker has his pint bottles made to hold just over a pint, so as to be on the safe side of English law. His caution met with poor reward when some of these bot tles arrived in Canada, where the law provides that any measure holding more than a pint must pay duty as a quart. DAILY LIFE OF CZAR. A METHODICAL EXISTENCE AT HIS PALACE. The Molt Powerful Knoperor on Earth a Quiet and Unobtrusive Man XT ho Breaths the £ame Hopes as His Meet Humble Subject. Owing to the alleged troubles in Rus sia the mode of life of its ruler, Nich olas 11, will be scanned with interest. The czar rises at 8:30 o’clock. His toi let lasts until nearly 9. Then he sits down at his writing table to discharge particularly important matters of state which do not admit of delay. From 10 to 11 there is a short pause for a light lunch. From 11 to 1 o’clock the czar’s time is devoted to work. He signs documents, studies bills and examines the reports of his ministers and gover nors, to which he often adds numerous marginal remarks. His majesty drinks meanwhile several glasses of tea, never taking winf. He eats a caviare sand wich. From 1 to 4 p. m. is devoted to the joys and sorrows of the domestic hearth. Occasionally the aide-de-camp on duty is summoned and the czar de sires to hear anything new or interest ing in the papers. His majesty is a very industrious reader of the news papers. From 4 p. m. the czar works again, sometimes only to 6, but often till 7 o’clock, when his principal meal is par taken of. The rest of the evening till 9:3o—but till 10 should the ex-empress be present—is spent with his family. After this he retires to his study. Punctually at midnight he goes to bed. Court banquets and festivities inter fere now and then with the routine of his daily life but the minister of the imperial house tries as much as possi ble to keep the czar’s working hours uninterrupted. Officials in attendance on the czar are very well satisfied with his state of health. The epileptic seizure which for merly recurred every four or six weeks have not returned since his illness in the Crimea. His free has become round and full and he has a healthy color. His frequent headaches have also disappeared. The ruler of Russia is an admirable man, and we must take these an nouncements on faith. His attempt to inaugurate a world’s peace speaks eloquently of the nobleness of his soul. His scheme for the completion of the Siberian railway and for other vast projects tell of his sincere interest in the welfare of his country. It seems cruel that his life should bt menaced, "— NICHOLAS. THE GREAT, as the London papers so frequently charge, it would be unfortunate for Russia and all the civilized world were he to be killed. Russia, like Germany, Austria and England, must work out its own sal vation, and the route is not by tho way of assassination. The oeople must be educated. They must be led up ward. China’s Diplomatic Minister. Minister Wu is a diplomat of diplo mats. All through the troublous times of the hostilities in China last sum mer and fall, and during the negotia tions leading up to the signing of the note at Pekin, Minister Wu has re mained on terms of close amity with the government of the United States. On election day he went out to a near ly Maryland town and studied at close range the practical exercise of Ameri can suffrage. He has been more in de mand than any other member of the diplomatic corps for addresses at con ventions and banquets and he has filled as many of these engagements as pos sible. His son goes about Washington In the uniform of a High School cadet. A few days ago this wise policy of the representative of China reached a cli max when the younger Wu shouldered bis carbine and marched in the ranks ot the cadets under the stars and stripes, celebrating the centennial of the capital city. In all of his acts Minister Wu has emphasized the desire 3f his government to be next with the United States. Woman of 36 Motner or 14 Children. “Talking of family records and of early marriages,” said a South Caro linian. “reminds me of the most mar velous record I ever heard of. There lives in Pickens county, one of the mountain counties of the state, a wo man 26 years old who has fourteen children and one grandchild. The wo man was married when she was il years old, and when she was at the age when many women are just marry ing she was the mother of fourteen children, all of them alive. One of these children married early like her mother and has one child. Id not be lieve that this record is easily beaten.*’ A DARE-DEVIL FEAT. Two M. Uoait Down a l, 0 .,. Mountain Side l n Wjoiuln- It is difficult to imagine a more devil and thrilling adventure than n of two men sliding down a steep i crusted mountain, one in a tor’s pan and the other on a mw shovel. Yet su.h a hazardous undl* taking was accomplished by p e t P Goff and “Yankee Bill’’ Murphy ers and prospectors in the Siem Madre mountains, when they flew ~?! the wind down the side of the treele' Quartsite mountain, a distance of t miles, with a descent of about thirb five degrees and landed in twenty-fl v , feet of snowdrift in the 40-foot chiW of Cow Creek, a few miles west of Grand encampment, Wyoming. Pete and “Yankee Bill’s” love of ad. venture will brook perils of any kind and at any time for the pure love sport—perils at which the tenderf™ would stand aghast. Both are knows for the chances they take with their lives. The greater the danger the more ready they are to enter into it. It was a jesting wager simply that they raced down the mountain side, Pete in the pan and “Yankee Bill” S q uat . ting on the shovel, both finishing with a record-breaker and what might have been a neck-breaker. They had climbed to the top of the peak, over two feet of snow, to wash out a decomposed quartsite which showed rusty iron ore, and which led them to believe they would carry gold. In the afternoon it turned so cold that: the surface of the mountain resembled glass. It was near sundown when the two men finished prospecting and started to retrace their way down the mountain. The slippery, iced snow impeded their progress, making the journey slow and dangerous at best. Less than 100 feet down Pete jesting ly proposed to “Yankee Bill” that they slide down on the pan and shovel. “I’ll beat you,” said Pete, suiting the action to the word by getting into the pan. “You can’t beat me,” replied Yankee Bill,” at the same time squatting down on his shovel, unmindful of possible danger. At first both slid along at a jerky fashion, for they were obliged to pus! themselves along**at times. Suddenly however, the descent became mud more abrupt, and the two men launch ed into the ozone and shot down with accelerating speed like comets through space. The sensation they felt cat neither be described nor imagine! They tore down the mountain side like an avalanche, each holding on to his metal steed with a vice-like grip. A mile was covered in apparently an in stant, when a ridge formation turned them off their course, and they flew still faster at an acute angle. The 40- foot chasm of Cow creek was inevit able and before they had time to real ize the danger they had leaped over its edge, cleared Cow creek, and, as il human drills, had bored the snowdrift twenty-five feet. When dug out Pete and “Yanket Bill” did not exactly need the coroner, but there were not enough plasters and linaments in camp to soothe theh bruises. They came up smiling, how ever, each stoutly maintaining victory. THE CENSUS. Its Modern Use It Due to tlie lultlatlvj of the United St ate*. The census was an important fea-j ture of the governments of ancient Rome, Greece, Egypt, Persia and the Babylonian empire. A census of th* vast Roman empire and its dependen cies was in progress at the time ol the birth of Christ. But this enumer ation of population fell into disuse iJ the Middle Ages. Down to the end ol the 18th century even the most trust worthy geographers had to depend en tirely upon guesswork in forming ai estimate of the population of the vari ous countries in Europe. It is to the United States that may be said to be long the credit of reviving the census, the constitution of 1787 including a provision for census to be taken every 10 years. The enumeration was ren dered necessary by the fact that the population of the several states con stituted the basis of representation # congress, and, while it is true that th national census was Incorporated it the constitution from political rather than philosophical considerations, # must be confessed that this nation de serves the glowing eulogium of Mo reau de Jonnes, who declared that “the United States presents a ph®*. nomenon with parallel in history that of a people who instituted the statistics of their country on the very day when they found their govern ment, and who regulated by the sain* instrument the census of inhabitant their civil and political rights and destinies of the nation.” Aiglon Fad Still Flourishes. The craze for Aiglon novelties ap pears again among the new W®* where the wreath and the eagle & Tt elaborately represented. For skin trimming there is a three-inch Mechli* lace insertion with a wreath of l ac£ leaves as large as a tea plate extendi®* up at intervals, while inside of this ® a black lace eagle nearly filling space, says the New York Sun. Aiglon belt buckles are distingu> sliea by laurel wreaths and spread eagk® 1 gold and silver, and then there is t6£ Aiglon umbrella handle, which i 3 3 gold ball with an eagle perched on FP- Roses with most realistic dewdroP 8 scattered over them have been "° r ‘ as hair ornaments all winter, but you can purchase the dewdrops bj 1 ' dozen and stick them on to suit > own fancy. They have some substance on the back which as "'' u ' a ’ their permanent position and are readily disposed of as postage sta®